: The emptying content of the intentional element of the possession trough the formalistic approach of the role of tax registration / declaration of the asset and its configuration at the specialized authorities of the local public administration is equivalent to an obstruction of the right to acquire the property as a result of fulfilling the term of acquisition limitation.The existence of such jurisprudential visions has a obviously illegal character, the position expressed in this regard is in contradiction both with the stipulations of the Civil Code of 1864 and the New Civil Code regarding adverse possession, and the enforcement, without legal basis, of the existence of the fiscal role or the declarative entry to the fiscal authorities, represents an addition to the law, in a manner that the court substitutes the legislator in completing the predetermined conditions in the matter.. To look formally at the institution of adverse possession and to cross the intentional subjective element of possession in the bureaucratic realm is a violation of the property rights, beyond the obvious opposition of the CEDO practice, which is crystallized in the contemporary direction of recognizing the particular importance of acquiring the right of the adverse possession, especially in those states where the cadastral records are absent or deficient. The fiscal registration of an asset cannot be appreciated as a component of the public character and under the name of owner which must be recognized for the possession exercised by the private person. Instead, it must be positioned only as a possibility of the owner to ensure the opposability of the possession in relation to third parties, especially in the absence of a normative regulation that would allow such registration. How to cite: Russo, M. (2019). Discoussions Regarding the Controversy Generated by the Legal Interpretation of the Fiscal Registration of the Immovable Assets from the Perspective of Fulfilling the Conditions of Adverse Possession.
{"title":"Discoussions Regarding the Controversy Generated by the Legal Interpretation of the Fiscal Registration of the Immovable Assets from the Perspective of Fulfilling the Conditions of Adverse Possession","authors":"M. Russo","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/38","url":null,"abstract":": The emptying content of the intentional element of the possession trough the formalistic approach of the role of tax registration / declaration of the asset and its configuration at the specialized authorities of the local public administration is equivalent to an obstruction of the right to acquire the property as a result of fulfilling the term of acquisition limitation.The existence of such jurisprudential visions has a obviously illegal character, the position expressed in this regard is in contradiction both with the stipulations of the Civil Code of 1864 and the New Civil Code regarding adverse possession, and the enforcement, without legal basis, of the existence of the fiscal role or the declarative entry to the fiscal authorities, represents an addition to the law, in a manner that the court substitutes the legislator in completing the predetermined conditions in the matter.. To look formally at the institution of adverse possession and to cross the intentional subjective element of possession in the bureaucratic realm is a violation of the property rights, beyond the obvious opposition of the CEDO practice, which is crystallized in the contemporary direction of recognizing the particular importance of acquiring the right of the adverse possession, especially in those states where the cadastral records are absent or deficient. The fiscal registration of an asset cannot be appreciated as a component of the public character and under the name of owner which must be recognized for the possession exercised by the private person. Instead, it must be positioned only as a possibility of the owner to ensure the opposability of the possession in relation to third parties, especially in the absence of a normative regulation that would allow such registration. How to cite: Russo, M. (2019). Discoussions Regarding the Controversy Generated by the Legal Interpretation of the Fiscal Registration of the Immovable Assets from the Perspective of Fulfilling the Conditions of Adverse Possession.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79613390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: An important attribution of national sovereignty is that of establishing, organizing and conferring distinctions. The offensive of the Ottoman Empire in central and eastern Europe since the fourteenth century, the expansionist policy of the Christian kingdoms Hungary and Poland, blocked the process of territorial unification, which led to the founding of three principality: Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia. It took almost half a millennium to wait for the national elites, amidst the systemic crisis known by the Ottoman Empire, to promote a unity policy. Under the conditions of the first stage of the construction of the Romanian state, the union of Moldova with Wallachia, by electing as the unique ruler of Alexandru Ioan Cuza (January 5-24, 1859), the young Romanian state began to assume the fundamental elements of sovereignty. These included the establishment of a national system of decorations. Although Alexandru Ioan Cuza tried to establish more medals, the net refusal of the Ottomans and the reluctance of the great powers prevented that initiative. After the ascension of Prince Carol I, that element of sovereignty progressively began to be used with the year 1872. The conquest of the state independence of Romania as result of the participation in the Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) released the activity of distinctions issuance. There had been a fruitful period in which the national decoration system was organized and developed, according to the needs of a modern state.
{"title":"Creation and Modernization of the Romanian State Reflected in the National System of Medals from Romania (1864-1918)","authors":"I. Drăgulin","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/31","url":null,"abstract":": An important attribution of national sovereignty is that of establishing, organizing and conferring distinctions. The offensive of the Ottoman Empire in central and eastern Europe since the fourteenth century, the expansionist policy of the Christian kingdoms Hungary and Poland, blocked the process of territorial unification, which led to the founding of three principality: Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia. It took almost half a millennium to wait for the national elites, amidst the systemic crisis known by the Ottoman Empire, to promote a unity policy. Under the conditions of the first stage of the construction of the Romanian state, the union of Moldova with Wallachia, by electing as the unique ruler of Alexandru Ioan Cuza (January 5-24, 1859), the young Romanian state began to assume the fundamental elements of sovereignty. These included the establishment of a national system of decorations. Although Alexandru Ioan Cuza tried to establish more medals, the net refusal of the Ottomans and the reluctance of the great powers prevented that initiative. After the ascension of Prince Carol I, that element of sovereignty progressively began to be used with the year 1872. The conquest of the state independence of Romania as result of the participation in the Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) released the activity of distinctions issuance. There had been a fruitful period in which the national decoration system was organized and developed, according to the needs of a modern state.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73819733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Starting from the way that the Romanian government managed the relations between the two countries, in a moment with multiple meanings for both states - 100 years since the First World War, I have brought to light the profiles of three personalities who put their efforts in improving the ancenstral bond between France and Romania. The French not only treated the Romanians as comrades of arms, but fought devotedly for common desires, and the most ardent wish came true on December 1, 1918. The geopolitical and military realities of the early twentieth century, such as the First World War and the peace treaties, revealed not only conflicts, interstate polarization and ethnographic mobilities, but also the friendships, alliances and births of fraternities between nations, both from a political and military point of view, as well as cultural and academic.
{"title":"Fraternity of Two Nations. Romania and France in the Context of the First World War and Peace Negotiations","authors":"P. Cotîrleț","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/30","url":null,"abstract":": Starting from the way that the Romanian government managed the relations between the two countries, in a moment with multiple meanings for both states - 100 years since the First World War, I have brought to light the profiles of three personalities who put their efforts in improving the ancenstral bond between France and Romania. The French not only treated the Romanians as comrades of arms, but fought devotedly for common desires, and the most ardent wish came true on December 1, 1918. The geopolitical and military realities of the early twentieth century, such as the First World War and the peace treaties, revealed not only conflicts, interstate polarization and ethnographic mobilities, but also the friendships, alliances and births of fraternities between nations, both from a political and military point of view, as well as cultural and academic.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83193249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modernization of the Romanian space from the beginning of the 19th century, in the European context, having as source of inspiration the French model, in particular, took place at all levels of development, being reflected both in the forms of social organization and in the language used. The modern Romanian political lexicon has its origins in the middle of the 19th century. The „48 period reprezented a hot spot in the development of the political vocabulary used in the Romanian space. The current that bears the name of ‟48 movement found its promoter in the Romanian bourgeoisie, a social category in formation, and embodied in the country, in the three Romanian principalities: Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, the form of ideology both through the programs of the secret society Brotherhood and through the reform documents of the revolution from 1848, respectively 1849, such as: in the Proclamation from Islaz in Wallachia, in the Wishes of the national party of Moldavia from Moldavia, but also in the program of the Popular Assembly from Blaj in Transylvania.
{"title":"The Modernization of the Romanian Space, in a European Context, Reflected in the Political Language of the Middle of the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Antoaneta Ancuta Brasoveanu","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/28","url":null,"abstract":"The modernization of the Romanian space from the beginning of the 19th century, in the European context, having as source of inspiration the French model, in particular, took place at all levels of development, being reflected both in the forms of social organization and in the language used. The modern Romanian political lexicon has its origins in the middle of the 19th century. The „48 period reprezented a hot spot in the development of the political vocabulary used in the Romanian space. The current that bears the name of ‟48 movement found its promoter in the Romanian bourgeoisie, a social category in formation, and embodied in the country, in the three Romanian principalities: Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, the form of ideology both through the programs of the secret society Brotherhood and through the reform documents of the revolution from 1848, respectively 1849, such as: in the Proclamation from Islaz in Wallachia, in the Wishes of the national party of Moldavia from Moldavia, but also in the program of the Popular Assembly from Blaj in Transylvania.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72529811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identified by excellence with the main document presenting the financial position of an accounting entity, the balance sheet has traditionally been considered in the accounting as a synthesis calculation for the realization of the knowledge of the state of the patrimony and of the accounting-financial analysis, although in time, necessarily it had to be filled in with other situations reflecting the economic or financial flows that the entity generated during the exercise. It presents asset and liability assets at the close of the financial year, structured by nature, destination and liquidity, respectively by nature, provenance and exigibility; as such, the passive elements will highlight the funds (sources of funding) that the entity benefits from and the assets to be used for these resources. However, the ways of presenting the uses and resources available to it at a given time differ at the level of the balance sheet, depending on the purpose pursued in the user analysis.
{"title":"Some Considerations Regarding the Financial-Accounting Analysis Based on the Balance Sheet at the Level of the Local Public Administration","authors":"G. Florea","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/32","url":null,"abstract":"Identified by excellence with the main document presenting the financial position of an accounting entity, the balance sheet has traditionally been considered in the accounting as a synthesis calculation for the realization of the knowledge of the state of the patrimony and of the accounting-financial analysis, although in time, necessarily it had to be filled in with other situations reflecting the economic or financial flows that the entity generated during the exercise. It presents asset and liability assets at the close of the financial year, structured by nature, destination and liquidity, respectively by nature, provenance and exigibility; as such, the passive elements will highlight the funds (sources of funding) that the entity benefits from and the assets to be used for these resources. However, the ways of presenting the uses and resources available to it at a given time differ at the level of the balance sheet, depending on the purpose pursued in the user analysis.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The national and territorial unity of the Romanians was and is a research topic approached especially during the 18-20 centuries and it continues to be a current topic nowadays. The problem was exposed and argued on historical, juridical, diplomatic and even moral levels. Beginning with the occupation from 1940 (resumed in 1944) and till the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Moldova and present times there have been outlined two diametrically opposed movements: One natural and divine - reunion with Mother-country - Romania and the other one being exported and explained by Russia - „statality”. On the edge of this dispute, as a result of a complex study of juridical acts ( meaning that we do not neglect the other proreunion studies), the present article, fully sharing the eternal truth of national and territorial unity of the Romanians, as a unique European people, divided into two states, argues this truth through the prism of constitutional and international right, through the prism of juridical legitimity principle on the background of the other areas of existence and prosperity of a nation.
{"title":"National and Territorial Reunification of the Romanians - Legality and Legitimity","authors":"A. Arseni","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/27","url":null,"abstract":"The national and territorial unity of the Romanians was and is a research topic approached especially during the 18-20 centuries and it continues to be a current topic nowadays. The problem was exposed and argued on historical, juridical, diplomatic and even moral levels. Beginning with the occupation from 1940 (resumed in 1944) and till the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Moldova and present times there have been outlined two diametrically opposed movements: One natural and divine - reunion with Mother-country - Romania and the other one being exported and explained by Russia - „statality”. On the edge of this dispute, as a result of a complex study of juridical acts ( meaning that we do not neglect the other proreunion studies), the present article, fully sharing the eternal truth of national and territorial unity of the Romanians, as a unique European people, divided into two states, argues this truth through the prism of constitutional and international right, through the prism of juridical legitimity principle on the background of the other areas of existence and prosperity of a nation.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86268398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disciplinary liability of the civil servants is ordered according to the provisions of their Statute. Therefore, the civil servants make themselves guilty by violating the duties corresponding to the public function that they hold. According to the rules of this public function and to the professional and civic conduct rules provided by the law, the above mentioned violation constitutes a disciplinary offense and attracts their administrative and disciplinary liability.
{"title":"The Civil Servant's Diciplinary Offense","authors":"Cosmin Ambrosa","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/26","url":null,"abstract":"Disciplinary liability of the civil servants is ordered according to the provisions of their Statute. Therefore, the civil servants make themselves guilty by violating the duties corresponding to the public function that they hold. According to the rules of this public function and to the professional and civic conduct rules provided by the law, the above mentioned violation constitutes a disciplinary offense and attracts their administrative and disciplinary liability.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79976479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lately there is talk of an expansion of some tourist services in most countries. In the developed countries, through the participation of the various economic sectors in the gross national product has brought a profound change in the global competitive environment. It has been observed, from the research carried out that some tourism companies apply as a technique of promotion on the global market the guerilla marketing. Jay Conrad Levinson defines guerrilla marketing as "achieving common goals through unconventional methods" [Robert J. Kaden, 2008]. "Guerrilla fighters" need to know precisely the important motivations and messages that will influence potential customers to become effective customers of the tourism company and existing customers to buy more. That is why it is important to make the locations known to the consumer, the advantages offered by the tourism company has marketing with all its levers.
最近有一种说法是在大多数国家扩大一些旅游服务。在发达国家，由于各经济部门参与国民生产总值，给全球竞争环境带来了深刻的变化。从研究中可以看出，一些旅游公司在全球市场上采用游击式营销作为一种促销手段。Jay Conrad Levinson将游击营销定义为“通过非常规方法实现共同目标”[Robert J. Kaden, 2008]。“游击队员”需要准确地了解重要的动机和信息，这些动机和信息将影响潜在客户成为旅游公司的有效客户，并使现有客户购买更多。这就是为什么让消费者知道这些地点是很重要的，旅游公司提供的优势是利用其所有的杠杆进行营销。
{"title":"The Fight for the Life of a Tourism Company in a Global Competitive War Environment","authors":"Doina Guriţă","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/52","url":null,"abstract":"Lately there is talk of an expansion of some tourist services in most countries. In the developed countries, through the participation of the various economic sectors in the gross national product has brought a profound change in the global competitive environment. It has been observed, from the research carried out that some tourism companies apply as a technique of promotion on the global market the guerilla marketing. Jay Conrad Levinson defines guerrilla marketing as \"achieving common goals through unconventional methods\" [Robert J. Kaden, 2008]. \"Guerrilla fighters\" need to know precisely the important motivations and messages that will influence potential customers to become effective customers of the tourism company and existing customers to buy more. That is why it is important to make the locations known to the consumer, the advantages offered by the tourism company has marketing with all its levers.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76937500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the stock management is that of making available the assets that are necessary for an efficient development of the activities with minimum costs. A special role devolves on accountancy, by recording, analyzing and checking the in-out fluxes of the stocks. Their administration comes both to financial accountancy and to the administrative one. But the stock management will acquire a special constancy if the permanent inventory of the stocks is transferred to the administrative accountancy, following that in the financial accountancy to be carried out only the intermittent inventory.
{"title":"Some Considerations Regarding Stock Management by Using Management Accounting Methods","authors":"G. Florea","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/46","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the stock management is that of making available the assets that are necessary for an efficient development of the activities with minimum costs. A special role devolves on accountancy, by recording, analyzing and checking the in-out fluxes of the stocks. Their administration comes both to financial accountancy and to the administrative one. But the stock management will acquire a special constancy if the permanent inventory of the stocks is transferred to the administrative accountancy, following that in the financial accountancy to be carried out only the intermittent inventory.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83715320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet of Things (IoT) IOT is a kind of “universal global neural network” in the cloud which connects various devices. The Internet of Things - IoT is the sum of all the connected devices and systems which are comprised of machine-to-machine interacting and communicating, environments, objects and infrastructures and the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor network technologies will rise to improve our day-to-day life.
{"title":"The IoT (Internet of Things) Impact on Global Development","authors":"V. Fatu, Simona Stancu","doi":"10.18662/upalaw/51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/51","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) IOT is a kind of “universal global neural network” in the cloud which connects various devices. The Internet of Things - IoT is the sum of all the connected devices and systems which are comprised of machine-to-machine interacting and communicating, environments, objects and infrastructures and the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor network technologies will rise to improve our day-to-day life.","PeriodicalId":30571,"journal":{"name":"Polis Revista de Stiinte Politice","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90086926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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