Iron core loss is the major loss in electrical machines. It performs up to 25% of total machine losses. The machine efficiency calculation requires an accurate prediction of losses. The accuracy of losses calculation depends largely on the equivalent circuit parameter determination and measurements. In this paper, an accurate procedure of iron core loss determination considering the variation effect of supply voltage, iron core temperature, rotor parameters due to skin effect, and magnetizing saturation. The iron core resistance is performed as main component in the equivalent circuit. This resistance is a function of supply voltage and used to calculate part of stray loss as well as iron core loss. The theoretical model is compared with practical results with high accuracy, which proves the validity of the proposed procedure.
{"title":"An Accurate Iron Core Loss Model in Equivalent Circuit of Induction Machines","authors":"B. Nasir","doi":"10.1155/2020/7613737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7613737","url":null,"abstract":"Iron core loss is the major loss in electrical machines. It performs up to 25% of total machine losses. The machine efficiency calculation requires an accurate prediction of losses. The accuracy of losses calculation depends largely on the equivalent circuit parameter determination and measurements. In this paper, an accurate procedure of iron core loss determination considering the variation effect of supply voltage, iron core temperature, rotor parameters due to skin effect, and magnetizing saturation. The iron core resistance is performed as main component in the equivalent circuit. This resistance is a function of supply voltage and used to calculate part of stray loss as well as iron core loss. The theoretical model is compared with practical results with high accuracy, which proves the validity of the proposed procedure.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74446624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Yeboah Osei, Richard Opoku, A. Sunnu, M. Adaramola
Small wind turbine power generation systems have the potential to meet the electricity demand of the residential sector in developing countries. However, due to their exposure to low Reynolds number (Re) flow conditions and associated problems, specific airfoils are required for the design of their blades. In this research, XFOIL was used to develop and test three high performance airfoils (EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8) for small wind turbine application. The airfoils were subsequently used in conjunction with Blade Element Momentum Theory to develop and test 3-bladed 6 m diameter wind turbine rotors. The aerodynamic performance parameters of the airfoils tested were lift, drag, lift-to-drag ratio, and stall angle. At , EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8 had maximum lift-to-drag ratios of 134, 131, and 127, respectively, and maximum lift coefficients of 1.77, 1.81, and 1.81, respectively. The stall angles were 12° for EYO7-8, 14° for EYO8-8, and 15° for EYO9-8. Together, the new airfoils compared favourably with other existing low Re airfoils and are suitable for the design of small wind turbine blades. Analysis of the results showed that the performance improvement of the EYO-Series airfoils is as a result of the design optimization that employed an optimal thickness-to-camber ratio ( ) in the range of 0.85–1.50. Preliminary wind turbine rotor analysis also showed that the EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8 rotors had maximum power coefficients of 0.371, 0.366, and 0.358, respectively.
{"title":"Development of High Performance Airfoils for Application in Small Wind Turbine Power Generation","authors":"Emmanuel Yeboah Osei, Richard Opoku, A. Sunnu, M. Adaramola","doi":"10.1155/2020/9710189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9710189","url":null,"abstract":"Small wind turbine power generation systems have the potential to meet the electricity demand of the residential sector in developing countries. However, due to their exposure to low Reynolds number (Re) flow conditions and associated problems, specific airfoils are required for the design of their blades. In this research, XFOIL was used to develop and test three high performance airfoils (EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8) for small wind turbine application. The airfoils were subsequently used in conjunction with Blade Element Momentum Theory to develop and test 3-bladed 6 m diameter wind turbine rotors. The aerodynamic performance parameters of the airfoils tested were lift, drag, lift-to-drag ratio, and stall angle. At , EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8 had maximum lift-to-drag ratios of 134, 131, and 127, respectively, and maximum lift coefficients of 1.77, 1.81, and 1.81, respectively. The stall angles were 12° for EYO7-8, 14° for EYO8-8, and 15° for EYO9-8. Together, the new airfoils compared favourably with other existing low Re airfoils and are suitable for the design of small wind turbine blades. Analysis of the results showed that the performance improvement of the EYO-Series airfoils is as a result of the design optimization that employed an optimal thickness-to-camber ratio ( ) in the range of 0.85–1.50. Preliminary wind turbine rotor analysis also showed that the EYO7-8, EYO8-8, and EYO9-8 rotors had maximum power coefficients of 0.371, 0.366, and 0.358, respectively.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81634428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our environment is facing serious problems of high volumes of waste generation and inadequate disposal system in worldwide particularly in developing countries. There is also lack of studies on quantification of abattoir waste and lack of workers awareness towards abattoir waste. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to estimate abattoir waste for bioenergy potential as sustainable management. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected abattoirs of Eastern Ethiopia from January 1st, 2018 to December 30th, 2018. The magnitude of abattoir waste composition was computed based on Aniebo mathematical computational from the actual number of slaughtered livestock. The study demonstrated that four selected abattoirs generate 1,606.403 ton of abattoir waste per year and using anaerobic digestion of about 85,139 m3/year of biogas and 111.25 ton/year of biofertilizer can be produced. The biogas or energy from the waste can replace firewood and charcoal and the expensive fossil fuels. Using Banks mathematical computation about 20,054.12 m3/year production of biogas could replace 20.56 ton/year of energy consumed by liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene, charcoal, furnace oil, petrol, and diesel in average. The current estimated biofertilizer (111.25 ton/year) from four abattoir sites can cover about 2,225 hectares/year with its advantage and efficiency of soil. When turned into cost, about $55,645 per year of price could estimate from biogas and biofertilizer. The study concluded that huge amount of biogas and dry biofertilizer yields could produce from abattoir waste through anaerobic digestion. Therefore, installing anaerobic digestion plant is recommended to ensure environmental safety and public health.
{"title":"Potential of Abattoir Waste for Bioenergy as Sustainable Management, Eastern Ethiopia, 2019","authors":"S. Tolera, Fekade Ketema Alemu","doi":"10.1155/2020/6761328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6761328","url":null,"abstract":"Our environment is facing serious problems of high volumes of waste generation and inadequate disposal system in worldwide particularly in developing countries. There is also lack of studies on quantification of abattoir waste and lack of workers awareness towards abattoir waste. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to estimate abattoir waste for bioenergy potential as sustainable management. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected abattoirs of Eastern Ethiopia from January 1st, 2018 to December 30th, 2018. The magnitude of abattoir waste composition was computed based on Aniebo mathematical computational from the actual number of slaughtered livestock. The study demonstrated that four selected abattoirs generate 1,606.403 ton of abattoir waste per year and using anaerobic digestion of about 85,139 m3/year of biogas and 111.25 ton/year of biofertilizer can be produced. The biogas or energy from the waste can replace firewood and charcoal and the expensive fossil fuels. Using Banks mathematical computation about 20,054.12 m3/year production of biogas could replace 20.56 ton/year of energy consumed by liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene, charcoal, furnace oil, petrol, and diesel in average. The current estimated biofertilizer (111.25 ton/year) from four abattoir sites can cover about 2,225 hectares/year with its advantage and efficiency of soil. When turned into cost, about $55,645 per year of price could estimate from biogas and biofertilizer. The study concluded that huge amount of biogas and dry biofertilizer yields could produce from abattoir waste through anaerobic digestion. Therefore, installing anaerobic digestion plant is recommended to ensure environmental safety and public health.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74413834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hind Elaimani, A. Essadki, Noureddine Elmouhi, R. Chakib
The modeling and control of a wind energy conversion system based on the Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG is the discussed theme in this paper. The purpose of this system was to control active and reactive power converted; this control is ensured thanks to the control of the two converters. The proposed control strategies are controlled by PI regulators and the sliding mode technique. In the present work a comparison of the robustness of the 2 controls of the grid side converter (GSC) during a voltage dip is shown. The simulation is carried out using the Matlab/Simulink software with a 300 kW generator.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Grid Side Converter’s Control during a Voltage Dip","authors":"Hind Elaimani, A. Essadki, Noureddine Elmouhi, R. Chakib","doi":"10.1155/2020/7892680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7892680","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling and control of a wind energy conversion system based on the Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG is the discussed theme in this paper. The purpose of this system was to control active and reactive power converted; this control is ensured thanks to the control of the two converters. The proposed control strategies are controlled by PI regulators and the sliding mode technique. In the present work a comparison of the robustness of the 2 controls of the grid side converter (GSC) during a voltage dip is shown. The simulation is carried out using the Matlab/Simulink software with a 300 kW generator.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88157536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of red rock (RR) materials for the removal of H2S from biogas was studied. The rock samples were collected, sieved, and organized in various particle size ranges such as 0.32-250 μm, 250-500 μm, 500-750 μm, 750 μm-1 mm, and 1-1.5 mm. These samples were calcinated at the various temperatures as 500°C, 750°C, and 1000°C and then characterized for phase composition by energy-dispersive X-ray florescent technique, surface morphology by Zeiss Ultra Plus Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and surface area by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The calcinated RR was filled in the bed reactor, and biogas was allowed to pass through the adsorbent while recording the inlet and exit concentration of H2S. The results show that particle size, calcination temperature, adsorbent mass, and biogas flow rate were parameters that influenced the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of RR. The sample sieved at 0.32-250 μm and calcinated at a temperature of 1000°C showed 95% high removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 0.37 g/100 g of the sorbent. Regeneration of spent materials when exposed to air, keep on by reuse in the column, appeared to have nearly similar removal efficiency as the original calcined sample. Thus, the overall performance of the material is promising, which is due to the presence of metals such as iron and magnesium, among others. Therefore, proving the successful elimination of contaminant, RR is an available material for biogas purification.
{"title":"Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Biogas Using a Red Rock","authors":"Mrosso, Revocatus Lazaro Machunda, T. Pogrebnaya","doi":"10.1155/2020/2309378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2309378","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of red rock (RR) materials for the removal of H2S from biogas was studied. The rock samples were collected, sieved, and organized in various particle size ranges such as 0.32-250 μm, 250-500 μm, 500-750 μm, 750 μm-1 mm, and 1-1.5 mm. These samples were calcinated at the various temperatures as 500°C, 750°C, and 1000°C and then characterized for phase composition by energy-dispersive X-ray florescent technique, surface morphology by Zeiss Ultra Plus Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and surface area by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The calcinated RR was filled in the bed reactor, and biogas was allowed to pass through the adsorbent while recording the inlet and exit concentration of H2S. The results show that particle size, calcination temperature, adsorbent mass, and biogas flow rate were parameters that influenced the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of RR. The sample sieved at 0.32-250 μm and calcinated at a temperature of 1000°C showed 95% high removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 0.37 g/100 g of the sorbent. Regeneration of spent materials when exposed to air, keep on by reuse in the column, appeared to have nearly similar removal efficiency as the original calcined sample. Thus, the overall performance of the material is promising, which is due to the presence of metals such as iron and magnesium, among others. Therefore, proving the successful elimination of contaminant, RR is an available material for biogas purification.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75721050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrating solar PV technology with semi-transparent windows permits multifunctional operation as electricity generation and allowing natural light to enter the building, hence overall energy efficiency improvement. The performance of the semi-transparent building integrated PV glazing on office building facade has been investigated in Tanzania’s tropical climate. Experimental measurements of the electrical and optical parameters for the system efficacy evaluation were done at various conditions which included cloudy, normal, and clear sky days. The weather parameters under consideration were solar irradiance, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The experimental set-up consisted of building integrated silicon mono crystalline semi-transparent PV module rated at 50 W and accessories. The I-V and P-V curves were measured at different irradiances. Throughout the experiment, the observed module temperature was between 20°C and 51°C and the air temperature was 17–33°C while the humidity was recorded at the range of 23–63%. Module electrical efficiency was observed to vary from 4% to 9% while the visible light transmission was obtained between 11% and 19%. It was proved that at high temperature regardless of irradiance increase, there were observed output power and efficiency drops caused by high heat losses.
{"title":"Semi-Transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing: Investigations of Electrical and Optical Performances for Window Applications in Tropical Region","authors":"Benedicto Joseph, Baraka Kichonge, T. Pogrebnaya","doi":"10.1155/2019/6096481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6096481","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating solar PV technology with semi-transparent windows permits multifunctional operation as electricity generation and allowing natural light to enter the building, hence overall energy efficiency improvement. The performance of the semi-transparent building integrated PV glazing on office building facade has been investigated in Tanzania’s tropical climate. Experimental measurements of the electrical and optical parameters for the system efficacy evaluation were done at various conditions which included cloudy, normal, and clear sky days. The weather parameters under consideration were solar irradiance, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The experimental set-up consisted of building integrated silicon mono crystalline semi-transparent PV module rated at 50 W and accessories. The I-V and P-V curves were measured at different irradiances. Throughout the experiment, the observed module temperature was between 20°C and 51°C and the air temperature was 17–33°C while the humidity was recorded at the range of 23–63%. Module electrical efficiency was observed to vary from 4% to 9% while the visible light transmission was obtained between 11% and 19%. It was proved that at high temperature regardless of irradiance increase, there were observed output power and efficiency drops caused by high heat losses.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research sought to investigate the surface roughness parameter (Zo) and wind shear exponent (α) of Kisii region (elevation 1710m above sea level, 0.68°S, 34.79°E). A six-month experiment was set at three sites of Kisii region. Two PRO AcuRite 01036 Wireless Weather Stations with pro+ 5-in-1 Sensors were placed at different hub heights above the ground and data were sent and received by a display board set at a room through remote sensing at an interval of 12 minutes. Data was collected from the display board through the pc connect software, grouped into discrete data and then calculated to represent mean wind speed, diurnal variation, daily variation, and monthly variations. The calculated averages of wind speeds at hub heights of 10m and 13m were then used to determine the wind shear exponent and surface roughness parameter of the sites. The wind shear exponents were found to be 0.92, 0.41, and 0.54 for Nyamecheo, Kisii University, and Ikobe stations, respectively, with an average of 0.64. The roughness parameter was also calculated and found to be 3.75, 1.32, and 1.96 for Nyamecheo, Kisii University (KSU), and Ikobe, respectively, with an average of 2.35.
研究了海拔1710m, 0.68°S, 34.79°E的Kisii地区地表粗糙度参数(Zo)和风切变指数(α)。在基西地区的三个地点进行了为期六个月的试验。两个配备PRO + 5合1传感器的PRO AcuRite 01036无线气象站被放置在离地面不同的集线器高度，数据通过设置在房间内的显示板通过遥感每隔12分钟发送和接收一次。通过pc connect软件从显示板采集数据，将数据分组成离散数据，计算出平均风速、日变化、日变化和月变化。利用轮毂高度10m和13m的风速计算平均值，确定各站点的风切变指数和地表粗糙度参数。Nyamecheo站、kiisi大学站和Ikobe站的风切变指数分别为0.92、0.41和0.54，平均为0.64。对Nyamecheo、Kisii University (KSU)和Ikobe的粗糙度参数进行了计算，分别为3.75、1.32和1.96，平均为2.35。
{"title":"Determination of the Surface Roughness Parameter and Wind Shear Exponent of Kisii Region from the On-Site Measurement of Wind Profiles","authors":"Laban N. Ongaki, C. Maghanga, Kerongo Joash","doi":"10.1155/2019/8264061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8264061","url":null,"abstract":"The research sought to investigate the surface roughness parameter (Zo) and wind shear exponent (α) of Kisii region (elevation 1710m above sea level, 0.68°S, 34.79°E). A six-month experiment was set at three sites of Kisii region. Two PRO AcuRite 01036 Wireless Weather Stations with pro+ 5-in-1 Sensors were placed at different hub heights above the ground and data were sent and received by a display board set at a room through remote sensing at an interval of 12 minutes. Data was collected from the display board through the pc connect software, grouped into discrete data and then calculated to represent mean wind speed, diurnal variation, daily variation, and monthly variations. The calculated averages of wind speeds at hub heights of 10m and 13m were then used to determine the wind shear exponent and surface roughness parameter of the sites. The wind shear exponents were found to be 0.92, 0.41, and 0.54 for Nyamecheo, Kisii University, and Ikobe stations, respectively, with an average of 0.64. The roughness parameter was also calculated and found to be 3.75, 1.32, and 1.96 for Nyamecheo, Kisii University (KSU), and Ikobe, respectively, with an average of 2.35.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77225585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As downstream road transport has not been fully integrated into any emissions trading scheme, this paper proposes and evaluates the possibility of one by addressing the main barriers hindering its development. Based on this, a scheme which separates the “Cap” and “Trade” participation to motorists and local governments, respectively, is presented through a systematic review. We investigate how the scheme addresses the problems of cost, administrative burden, and fuel allowance allocation as they are all key factors that need equal consideration. We also justify the model’s unique structure and characteristics against the world’s largest scheme, the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), to ensure they cater to the three aforementioned issues barring its viability. It is concluded that, by amending specific policy attributes of a road-based emissions trading scheme significantly, it could be more practical both economically and administratively. Also, leveraging on existing institutional arrangements would allow for an economically feasible environment for the administration and management of such a scheme.
{"title":"The Road to a Downstream Emissions Trading System: Designing a Scheme Combining Motorist and Government Participation","authors":"Fahd Mohamed Omar Al-Guthmy, Wanglin Yan","doi":"10.1155/2019/1047181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1047181","url":null,"abstract":"As downstream road transport has not been fully integrated into any emissions trading scheme, this paper proposes and evaluates the possibility of one by addressing the main barriers hindering its development. Based on this, a scheme which separates the “Cap” and “Trade” participation to motorists and local governments, respectively, is presented through a systematic review. We investigate how the scheme addresses the problems of cost, administrative burden, and fuel allowance allocation as they are all key factors that need equal consideration. We also justify the model’s unique structure and characteristics against the world’s largest scheme, the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), to ensure they cater to the three aforementioned issues barring its viability. It is concluded that, by amending specific policy attributes of a road-based emissions trading scheme significantly, it could be more practical both economically and administratively. Also, leveraging on existing institutional arrangements would allow for an economically feasible environment for the administration and management of such a scheme.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"55 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1047181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72367999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, energy consumption analysis and a process to identify appropriate models based on heat dynamics for large structures are presented. The analysis uses data from heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system sensors, as well as data from the indoor climate and energy software (IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE) 4.7 simulation program). Energy consumption data (e.g., power and hot water usage) agrees well with the new models. The model is applicable in a variety of applications, such as forecasting energy consumption and controlling indoor climate. In the study, both data-derived models and a grey-box model are tested, producing a complex building model with high accuracy. Also, a case study of the S. J. Carew building at Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, is presented.
本文介绍了大型结构的能量消耗分析和基于热动力学模型的确定过程。该分析使用来自供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统传感器的数据，以及来自室内气候和能源软件(IDA室内气候和能源(IDA- ice) 4.7模拟程序)的数据。能源消耗数据(例如，电力和热水的使用)与新模型非常吻合。该模型适用于能源消耗预测和室内气候控制等多种应用。在研究中，对数据导出模型和灰盒模型进行了测试，得到了精度较高的复杂建筑模型。此外，本文还介绍了纽芬兰圣约翰纪念大学S. J. Carew建筑的案例研究。
{"title":"Energy Consumption Analysis of a Large Building at Memorial University","authors":"Almahdi Abdo-Allah, M. Iqbal, K. Pope","doi":"10.1155/2019/5243737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5243737","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, energy consumption analysis and a process to identify appropriate models based on heat dynamics for large structures are presented. The analysis uses data from heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system sensors, as well as data from the indoor climate and energy software (IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE) 4.7 simulation program). Energy consumption data (e.g., power and hot water usage) agrees well with the new models. The model is applicable in a variety of applications, such as forecasting energy consumption and controlling indoor climate. In the study, both data-derived models and a grey-box model are tested, producing a complex building model with high accuracy. Also, a case study of the S. J. Carew building at Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, is presented.","PeriodicalId":30572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed M. Albarghot, Tariq Iqbal, K. Pope, L. Rolland
The combination of a fuel cell and batteries has promising potential for powering autonomous vehicles. The MUN Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is built to do mapping-type missions of seabeds as well as survey missions. These missions require a great deal of power to reach underwater depths (i.e., 3000 meters). The MUN Explorer uses 11 rechargeable Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries as the main power source with a total capacity of 14.6 kWh to 17.952 kWh, and the vehicle can run for 10 hours. The drawbacks of operating the existing power system of the MUN Explorer, which was done by the researcher at the Holyrood management facility, include mobilization costs, logistics and transport, and facility access, all of which should be taken into consideration. Recharging the batteries for at least 8 hours is also very challenging and time consuming. To overcome these challenges and run the MUN Explorer for a long time, it is essential to integrate a fuel cell into an existing power system (i.e., battery bank). The integration of the fuel cell not only will increase the system power, but will also reduce the number of batteries needed as suggested by HOMER software. In this paper, an integrated fuel cell is designed to be added into the MUN Explorer AUV along with a battery bank system to increase its power system. The system sizing is performed using HOMER software. The results from HOMER software show that a 1-kW fuel cell and 8 Li-ion batteries can increase the power system capacity to 68 kWh. The dynamic model is then built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to provide a better understanding of the system behavior. The 1-kW fuel cell is connected to a DC/DC Boost Converter to increase the output voltage from 24 V to 48 V as required by the battery and DC motor. A hydrogen gas tank is also included in the model. The advantage of installing the hydrogen and oxygen tanks beside the batteries is that it helps the buoyancy force in underwater depths. The design of this system is based on MUN Explorer data sheets and system dynamic simulation results.
燃料电池和电池的结合在为自动驾驶汽车提供动力方面具有很大的潜力。MUN探索者自主水下航行器(AUV)的建造是为了完成海底测绘类型的任务以及调查任务。这些任务需要很大的能量才能到达水下深度(即3000米)。MUN探索者使用11块可充电锂离子(Li-ion)电池作为主要电源，总容量为14.6千瓦时至17.952千瓦时，车辆可以运行10小时。由Holyrood管理设施的研究人员完成的操作模联探索者现有动力系统的缺点包括动员成本、物流和运输以及设施访问，所有这些都应予以考虑。给电池充电至少8小时也是非常具有挑战性和耗时的。为了克服这些挑战并长时间运行MUN探索者，将燃料电池集成到现有的电力系统(即电池组)中至关重要。燃料电池的集成不仅会增加系统功率，而且还会减少所需电池的数量，正如HOMER软件所建议的那样。在本文中，设计了一个集成的燃料电池，并将其与电池库系统一起添加到MUN Explorer AUV中，以增加其动力系统。系统分级是使用HOMER软件进行的。荷马软件的结果表明，1千瓦的燃料电池和8个锂离子电池可以将电力系统的容量增加到68千瓦时。然后在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立动态模型，以便更好地理解系统的行为。1千瓦的燃料电池连接到DC/DC升压转换器，根据电池和直流电机的要求，将输出电压从24 V增加到48 V。该模型还包括一个氢气罐。在电池旁边安装氢罐和氧气罐的好处是它有助于水下深度的浮力。该系统的设计是基于模联探索者数据表和系统动态仿真结果。
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