Pub Date : 2012-12-17DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V17I1-2.56
C. Gomes, Eugênio Rodrigo Zimmer Neves
Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory system usually self-limiting, evolving towards complete cure due to the immunological response of the infected organism, but that can have serious complications, such as pneumonia and death. It is a disease widely distributed around the world, associated with several pandemics for over a century. The most recent pandemic occurred in 2009, when a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus caused an outbreak in Veracruz, Mexico, and rapidly spread though all the continents, causing over 12 thousand deaths in less than a year. Considering that this new strain of the virus is only sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) and that the protocol of the World Health Organization recommends the use of oseltamivir as a single drug therapy, this study was performed with the intention of collecting and compiling data about the occurrence of resistance to this medication, in particular due to a H274Y substitution. In addition to mapping the occurrence of resistant virus, data was also collect about the person-to-person transmission of the virus with the mutation H274Y, as well as about the association of the appearance of resistance with the use of the drug. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v17i1-2.56
{"title":"INFLUENZA A (H1N1) AND THE RESISTANCE TO OSELTAMIVIR","authors":"C. Gomes, Eugênio Rodrigo Zimmer Neves","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V17I1-2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V17I1-2.56","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory system usually self-limiting, evolving towards complete cure due to the immunological response of the infected organism, but that can have serious complications, such as pneumonia and death. It is a disease widely distributed around the world, associated with several pandemics for over a century. The most recent pandemic occurred in 2009, when a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus caused an outbreak in Veracruz, Mexico, and rapidly spread though all the continents, causing over 12 thousand deaths in less than a year. Considering that this new strain of the virus is only sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) and that the protocol of the World Health Organization recommends the use of oseltamivir as a single drug therapy, this study was performed with the intention of collecting and compiling data about the occurrence of resistance to this medication, in particular due to a H274Y substitution. In addition to mapping the occurrence of resistant virus, data was also collect about the person-to-person transmission of the virus with the mutation H274Y, as well as about the association of the appearance of resistance with the use of the drug. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v17i1-2.56","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to T CD4+ cell depletion with progressive immune dysfunction, and despite benefits of antiretroviral therapy, if not judiciously used, it leads to the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we evaluated 40 patients with HIV that enrolled the Unique Health System-SUS and pharmacy of Medical Specialties Clinic of Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The enrolled patients were treated with enfuvirtide after treatment failure for HIV by the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside inhibitors of transcriptase reverse (TTRNN) and protease inhibitors (PI). The effectiveness of enfuvirtide treatment was evaluated through viral RNA quantification, T CD4+ cell count and patient’s clinical manifestations. Our results show that all patients presented viral load reduction after treatment and the reduction seen during enfuvirtide treatment occurred under the first 6 months of treatment. All patients reported to be satisfied with enfuvirtide therapy, however discontinuation of enfuvirtide treatment once and more than once in the previous week was observed due to adverse reactions involving cutaneous signs and digestive symptoms, suggesting, in this case, the presence of a favorable situation towards the development of drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.58
{"title":"A case report of 40 patients with HIV in São Bernardo do Campo with previous antiviral drug resistance, enfuvirtide antiretroviral treatment and treatment failure","authors":"Iara Cruz, J. Frazão, A. Condino-Neto, P. Errante","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to T CD4+ cell depletion with progressive immune dysfunction, and despite benefits of antiretroviral therapy, if not judiciously used, it leads to the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we evaluated 40 patients with HIV that enrolled the Unique Health System-SUS and pharmacy of Medical Specialties Clinic of Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The enrolled patients were treated with enfuvirtide after treatment failure for HIV by the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside inhibitors of transcriptase reverse (TTRNN) and protease inhibitors (PI). The effectiveness of enfuvirtide treatment was evaluated through viral RNA quantification, T CD4+ cell count and patient’s clinical manifestations. Our results show that all patients presented viral load reduction after treatment and the reduction seen during enfuvirtide treatment occurred under the first 6 months of treatment. All patients reported to be satisfied with enfuvirtide therapy, however discontinuation of enfuvirtide treatment once and more than once in the previous week was observed due to adverse reactions involving cutaneous signs and digestive symptoms, suggesting, in this case, the presence of a favorable situation towards the development of drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.58","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. H. Chávez, J. Yokosawa, T. Oliveira, C. Simões, C. R. Zanetti
Rabies is an important viral disease with a great impact on public health due to its extensively fatal outcome. In endemic areas, rabies may be responsible for over 50,000 human fatalities per year, which is a high number, since a well-established prophylaxis by immunization is available. Despite experimental protocols, no antiviral drugs are currently effective against rabies virus infection. For this reason, antivirals directed to treat human rabies need to be developed. In order to standardize in vitro antiviral screening for rabies virus, we evaluated two methods: the inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) and the MTT assay. Anti-rabies activity was only measurable by CPE, while the MTT assay failed to detect antiviral activity in rabies infected McCoy cells. In addition, no significant correlation was observed when comparing both assays. The correlation between the inhibition of CPE and MTT assay was shown when Vero cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and Hep-2 cells were infected with adenovirus type 5, reinforcing that despite the reliable CPE, McCoy cells infected with rabies cannot be assessed by MTT. In conclusion, these results have shown that the inhibition of CPE should be used for anti-rabies screening in McCoy cells, while the MTT assay was unsuitable in this in vitro system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.57
{"title":"NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VIRAL CYTOPATHIC EFFECT IN MCCOY CELLS AND MTT COLORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE IN VITRO ANTI-RABIES EVALUATION.","authors":"J. H. Chávez, J. Yokosawa, T. Oliveira, C. Simões, C. R. Zanetti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.57","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is an important viral disease with a great impact on public health due to its extensively fatal outcome. In endemic areas, rabies may be responsible for over 50,000 human fatalities per year, which is a high number, since a well-established prophylaxis by immunization is available. Despite experimental protocols, no antiviral drugs are currently effective against rabies virus infection. For this reason, antivirals directed to treat human rabies need to be developed. In order to standardize in vitro antiviral screening for rabies virus, we evaluated two methods: the inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) and the MTT assay. Anti-rabies activity was only measurable by CPE, while the MTT assay failed to detect antiviral activity in rabies infected McCoy cells. In addition, no significant correlation was observed when comparing both assays. The correlation between the inhibition of CPE and MTT assay was shown when Vero cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and Hep-2 cells were infected with adenovirus type 5, reinforcing that despite the reliable CPE, McCoy cells infected with rabies cannot be assessed by MTT. In conclusion, these results have shown that the inhibition of CPE should be used for anti-rabies screening in McCoy cells, while the MTT assay was unsuitable in this in vitro system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.57","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Afonso, L. F. Pesca, F. N. Carestiato, S. Cavalcanti
Esophageal squamous cell papilloma (ESCP) is a prevalent lesion worldwide, with increasing occurrence rates. The possible role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of such lesions has aroused the interest on elucidating its natural history. In this report we studied an esophageal papilloma from a 27 year old female patient. HPV DNA was detected by generic PCR using MY09/11 primers and RFLP revealed the presence of HPV70, usually associated to benign genital lesions. Hypermethylation of p16 INK4A gene was also investigated, due to its relation to malignant transformation and a hypermethylation pattern was detected in the host gene. Except for recurrent dysphasia, risk factors were not recorded: cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, esophageal reflux or infected sexual partner. Since ESCP may have malignant potential, HPV detection and typing are useful tools in terms of follow-up. Besides that epigenetic events may represent additional risk for malignant transformation and thus can be a complementary biomarker. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.61
{"title":"HUMAN PAPILOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND P16 INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION IN A CASE OF ESOPHAGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS","authors":"L. Afonso, L. F. Pesca, F. N. Carestiato, S. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal squamous cell papilloma (ESCP) is a prevalent lesion worldwide, with increasing occurrence rates. The possible role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of such lesions has aroused the interest on elucidating its natural history. In this report we studied an esophageal papilloma from a 27 year old female patient. HPV DNA was detected by generic PCR using MY09/11 primers and RFLP revealed the presence of HPV70, usually associated to benign genital lesions. Hypermethylation of p16 INK4A gene was also investigated, due to its relation to malignant transformation and a hypermethylation pattern was detected in the host gene. Except for recurrent dysphasia, risk factors were not recorded: cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, esophageal reflux or infected sexual partner. Since ESCP may have malignant potential, HPV detection and typing are useful tools in terms of follow-up. Besides that epigenetic events may represent additional risk for malignant transformation and thus can be a complementary biomarker. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v17i1-2.61","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.
{"title":"Posters Plant and Invertebrates Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I2.77","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"333-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Fumian, G. C. Aragão, J. Mascarenhas, J. Kaiano, J. A. M. Siqueira, L. Soares, A. Linhares, Yvone M Gabbay
Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.
{"title":"Detection of a novel norovirus recombinant strain in an African-descendant community from the Amazon region, Brazil, 2008","authors":"T. Fumian, G. C. Aragão, J. Mascarenhas, J. Kaiano, J. A. M. Siqueira, L. Soares, A. Linhares, Yvone M Gabbay","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"133-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.
{"title":"Posters Environmental Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I2.74","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"114-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.
{"title":"Posters Veterinary Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I2.78","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"368-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.
{"title":"Posters Immunobiological Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I2.76","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIII Brazilian Congress of Virology & VII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 30 - October, 03, 2012, Rafain Hotel, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"312-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. L. I. Santos, F. Burlandy, E. Costa, E. E. Silva
Enteroviruses are the main etiologic agents involved in outbreaks and sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis. Viral isolation in permissive cells is a traditional method for diagnosis, but it is time consuming and may be unsuccessful due to low viral titers and because some enteroviruses do not replicate in routine cell cultures. Therefore, molecular techniques are increasingly being used for detection of these agents. In the present work, 267 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis cases, received between 2008 and 2009, were tested by RT-PCR. These clinical samples were previously negative for virus isolation in cell culture. Enterovirus genome was detected in 59 CSF samples (22.1%) and identification was confirmed by partial nucleotide sequencing. Some demographics of the patients included in the study were analyzed. Direct detection of enterovirus genome from CSF is appropriate to increase sensitivity in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis cases.
{"title":"DIRECT DETECTION OF ENTEROVIRUS GENOME IN CELL-CULTURE NEGATIVE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FROM ASEPTIC MENINGITIS CASES IN BRAZIL","authors":"G. L. I. Santos, F. Burlandy, E. Costa, E. E. Silva","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V17I1-2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Enteroviruses are the main etiologic agents involved in outbreaks and sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis. Viral \u0000isolation in permissive cells is a traditional method for diagnosis, but it is time consuming and may be unsuccessful \u0000due to low viral titers and because some enteroviruses do not replicate in routine cell cultures. Therefore, molecular \u0000techniques are increasingly being used for detection of these agents. In the present work, 267 cerebrospinal fluid \u0000(CSF) samples from aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis cases, received between 2008 and 2009, were tested \u0000by RT-PCR. These clinical samples were previously negative for virus isolation in cell culture. Enterovirus genome \u0000was detected in 59 CSF samples (22.1%) and identification was confirmed by partial nucleotide sequencing. Some \u0000demographics of the patients included in the study were analyzed. Direct detection of enterovirus genome from CSF \u0000is appropriate to increase sensitivity in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis cases.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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