Pub Date : 2015-07-23DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I2.255
G. Fongaro, Hugo Delleon Silva, E. Mahdy, M. E. Magri, C. D. Schissi, M. Moreira, Maria Célia da Silva Lana, Elisângela Silveira- Lacerda, C. Barardi
Gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and other diseases can be caused by enteric viruses transmitted by fecal-oral route. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), rotavirus A and C (RVA), hepatitis A and E virus (HAV and HEV, respectively), human astroviruses (HAstV), human noroviruses (HuNV) and enteroviruses (EV) are, among the enteric viruses, the most frequently detected in environment samples. These viruses are usually introduced into aquatic environments by human, industrial, or agricultural activities and are widely distributed all over the world. They have the common characteristics to be structurally stable and can also absorb to solid particles and biofilms, thereby protecting themselves from inactivating factors. This revision aimed to present and discuss: i) most relevant enteric viruses for human and animal health; ii) enteric viruses as contaminants and bioindicators in environmental samples; iii) molecular and cell culture methods for enteric virus detection; iv) use of enteric viruses for microbial risk assessment. Impacts of enteric viruses on environment and the potential use as bioindicators of the sanitary security, such as presence and infectivity studies were discussed as development of new tools for disinfection, monitoring, risk modeling and management, among other studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i2.255
{"title":"ENTERIC VIRUSES AS CONTAMINANTS AND BIOINDICATORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES: A REVIEW","authors":"G. Fongaro, Hugo Delleon Silva, E. Mahdy, M. E. Magri, C. D. Schissi, M. Moreira, Maria Célia da Silva Lana, Elisângela Silveira- Lacerda, C. Barardi","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and other diseases can be caused by enteric viruses transmitted by fecal-oral route. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), rotavirus A and C (RVA), hepatitis A and E virus (HAV and HEV, respectively), human astroviruses (HAstV), human noroviruses (HuNV) and enteroviruses (EV) are, among the enteric viruses, the most frequently detected in environment samples. These viruses are usually introduced into aquatic environments by human, industrial, or agricultural activities and are widely distributed all over the world. They have the common characteristics to be structurally stable and can also absorb to solid particles and biofilms, thereby protecting themselves from inactivating factors. This revision aimed to present and discuss: i) most relevant enteric viruses for human and animal health; ii) enteric viruses as contaminants and bioindicators in environmental samples; iii) molecular and cell culture methods for enteric virus detection; iv) use of enteric viruses for microbial risk assessment. Impacts of enteric viruses on environment and the potential use as bioindicators of the sanitary security, such as presence and infectivity studies were discussed as development of new tools for disinfection, monitoring, risk modeling and management, among other studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i2.255","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.254
D. M. Ardisson-Araújo, D. Sosa‐Gómez, F. L. Melo, S. Báo, B. Ribeiro
A baculovirus isolated in Brazil during the first nationwide outbreak of Helicoverpa armigerais described by ultrastructural analyses, restriction profiles, pathogenicity of host insects, and complete genome sequence. The results revealed that the virus is an isolate of the species Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus(HzSNPV-Brazilian) never reported before in Brazil. Among the HzSNPV isolates few mutations were observed depicting likely a recent divergence of this lineage. Therefore, the entrance of both foreign pests and natural pathogens into the country must warn the government to reinforce sanitary barriers in order to avoid possible agriculture sabotage and novel foreign pest introductions. Moreover, we found that the Brazilian natural isolate was as lethal as a commercial strain to H. armigera.Importantly, virus characterization is of importance in establishment of an economical and useful virusbased biological control program in the country to counteract effectively pest infestations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i1.254
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF HELICOVERPA ZEA SINGLE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS ISOLATED IN BRAZIL DURING THE FIRST OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (NOCTUIDAE: HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA) NATIONWIDE OUTBREAK","authors":"D. M. Ardisson-Araújo, D. Sosa‐Gómez, F. L. Melo, S. Báo, B. Ribeiro","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.254","url":null,"abstract":"A baculovirus isolated in Brazil during the first nationwide outbreak of Helicoverpa armigerais described by ultrastructural analyses, restriction profiles, pathogenicity of host insects, and complete genome sequence. The results revealed that the virus is an isolate of the species Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus(HzSNPV-Brazilian) never reported before in Brazil. Among the HzSNPV isolates few mutations were observed depicting likely a recent divergence of this lineage. Therefore, the entrance of both foreign pests and natural pathogens into the country must warn the government to reinforce sanitary barriers in order to avoid possible agriculture sabotage and novel foreign pest introductions. Moreover, we found that the Brazilian natural isolate was as lethal as a commercial strain to H. armigera.Importantly, virus characterization is of importance in establishment of an economical and useful virusbased biological control program in the country to counteract effectively pest infestations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i1.254","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-19DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.143
L. Santos, K. Azevedo, L. Oliveira
Oral opportunistic infections can lead to a range of diseases in people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among them, herpes viruses are responsible for common diseases in HIV positive people. Both benign and malignant oral diseases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Five cases of oral lesions from a cohort of HIV positive patients were associated with EBV detection in the oral mucosa. Active EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in three of the samples. Of the two cases with herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)-like ulcers, only one was associated with EBV detection. Similarly, only one candidiasis case was also EBV DNA positive. Severe immunosuppression was found in the patient with candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia. This man, who harbored the EBV-2 strain, was also positive for EBNA-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) message and showed several symptoms indicative of disease development. This study provides baseline data on the dynamics of opportunistic oral infections in HIV infected individuals in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), as well as the detection of EBV markers and their link with clinical outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i1.143
{"title":"ORAL DISEASE IN FIVE PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV AND SCREENED FOR EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS","authors":"L. Santos, K. Azevedo, L. Oliveira","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V20I1.143","url":null,"abstract":"Oral opportunistic infections can lead to a range of diseases in people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among them, herpes viruses are responsible for common diseases in HIV positive people. Both benign and malignant oral diseases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Five cases of oral lesions from a cohort of HIV positive patients were associated with EBV detection in the oral mucosa. Active EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in three of the samples. Of the two cases with herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)-like ulcers, only one was associated with EBV detection. Similarly, only one candidiasis case was also EBV DNA positive. Severe immunosuppression was found in the patient with candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia. This man, who harbored the EBV-2 strain, was also positive for EBNA-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) message and showed several symptoms indicative of disease development. This study provides baseline data on the dynamics of opportunistic oral infections in HIV infected individuals in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), as well as the detection of EBV markers and their link with clinical outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i1.143","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.96
E. Dobao, L. Afonso, W. Rocha, J. Nery, A. Nicol, C. Pires, B. K. Kac, L. Fonseca, S. Cavalcanti
Our study comprises a cases series of 71 men attending a dermatology clinic in Brazil during an 18-month period with anogenital HPV infection. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and sociodemographic factors were evaluated. Biopsy samples were subjected to histopathological analysis, generic and type-specific viral identification, and p16 INK4a quantification. The average age at diagnosis was 33 years. We observed little variation in identified viral types (HPVs 6, 11, 16 and 53), despite the inclusion of 16 HIV+ patients. The presence of high-risk HPV was associated with receptive anal sex (p<0.05), lesion malignancy (p<0.01) and p16 INK4a expression (p<0.05). HIV+ was correlated with HPV16 infection, presence of perianal lesions and high-grade lesions (p<0.05) diagnosed at a younger mean age than HIV– patients (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate the unequivocal relationship between high-risk HPV infection and the presence of high-grade lesions, HPV 16 tropism in the anal epithelium, and the role of receptive anal sex as a risk factor for development of high-grade anal lesions, that present early in HIV+ men who have sex with men. As the 5 high-grade lesions (1 AINII and 4 AIN III) showed p16 INK4a negativity but were related to HPV 16 presence, we believe that p16 INK4a is a promising biomarker, but its use remains controversial requiring further research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.96
{"title":"HIGH-RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND P16 EXPRESSION IN MEN WITH ANOGENITAL LESIONS ATTENDING A DERMATOLOGY CLINIC","authors":"E. Dobao, L. Afonso, W. Rocha, J. Nery, A. Nicol, C. Pires, B. K. Kac, L. Fonseca, S. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.96","url":null,"abstract":"Our study comprises a cases series of 71 men attending a dermatology clinic in Brazil during an 18-month period with anogenital HPV infection. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and sociodemographic factors were evaluated. Biopsy samples were subjected to histopathological analysis, generic and type-specific viral identification, and p16 INK4a quantification. The average age at diagnosis was 33 years. We observed little variation in identified viral types (HPVs 6, 11, 16 and 53), despite the inclusion of 16 HIV+ patients. The presence of high-risk HPV was associated with receptive anal sex (p<0.05), lesion malignancy (p<0.01) and p16 INK4a expression (p<0.05). HIV+ was correlated with HPV16 infection, presence of perianal lesions and high-grade lesions (p<0.05) diagnosed at a younger mean age than HIV– patients (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate the unequivocal relationship between high-risk HPV infection and the presence of high-grade lesions, HPV 16 tropism in the anal epithelium, and the role of receptive anal sex as a risk factor for development of high-grade anal lesions, that present early in HIV+ men who have sex with men. As the 5 high-grade lesions (1 AINII and 4 AIN III) showed p16 INK4a negativity but were related to HPV 16 presence, we believe that p16 INK4a is a promising biomarker, but its use remains controversial requiring further research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.96","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"48 9 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.140
A. Pinto, J. Leite, P. C. Romijn, R. Silva, E. Flores, R. Weiblen, I. Paixão
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an important agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle and has been identified in outbreaks of neurological disease in several Brazilian states. However, no report of BoHV-5-associated neurological disease in Rio Janeiro state (RJ) has been published to date. This article reports a retrospective investigation for BoHV-5 performed in 146 brain specimens of cattle affected by neurological disease, submitted to the virology laboratory of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RJ) between 1998 and 2001. Most specimens came from herds in the RJ state (130 or 89%) and a few from Minas Gerais counties (16 or 11%), close to the RJ border. All brain samples examined in this study were previously diagnosed negative for rabies virus. The specimens were submitted to PCR/nested-PCR for BoHV-5 sequences and virus isolation. From 146 analysed brains samples 48 (33%) were positive in at least one of the tests (PCR or virus isolation), 20 samples (14%) were positive in both assays, 19 samples (13%) were positive in Nested-PCR (n-PCR) and nine samples (6%) were characterized as BoHV-5 after virus isolation. The northeast region of the RJ contributed with most clinical specimens (92/146 or 63%) and presented the highest positivity (28/92 or 30%). These results demonstrated BoHV-5 association with neurological disease in bovine herds of RJ and MG and should therefore be included in differential diagnosis of neurological disease in cattle. The limitations of each of the diagnostic assays used here in led us to recommend the concomitant use of PCR and virus isolation to improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis of BoHV-5 infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.140
{"title":"A RETROSPECTIVE SEARCH FOR BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 5 (BOHV-5) IN THE BRAIN OF CATTLE AFFECTED BY NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE","authors":"A. Pinto, J. Leite, P. C. Romijn, R. Silva, E. Flores, R. Weiblen, I. Paixão","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.140","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an important agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle and has been identified in outbreaks of neurological disease in several Brazilian states. However, no report of BoHV-5-associated neurological disease in Rio Janeiro state (RJ) has been published to date. This article reports a retrospective investigation for BoHV-5 performed in 146 brain specimens of cattle affected by neurological disease, submitted to the virology laboratory of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RJ) between 1998 and 2001. Most specimens came from herds in the RJ state (130 or 89%) and a few from Minas Gerais counties (16 or 11%), close to the RJ border. All brain samples examined in this study were previously diagnosed negative for rabies virus. The specimens were submitted to PCR/nested-PCR for BoHV-5 sequences and virus isolation. From 146 analysed brains samples 48 (33%) were positive in at least one of the tests (PCR or virus isolation), 20 samples (14%) were positive in both assays, 19 samples (13%) were positive in Nested-PCR (n-PCR) and nine samples (6%) were characterized as BoHV-5 after virus isolation. The northeast region of the RJ contributed with most clinical specimens (92/146 or 63%) and presented the highest positivity (28/92 or 30%). These results demonstrated BoHV-5 association with neurological disease in bovine herds of RJ and MG and should therefore be included in differential diagnosis of neurological disease in cattle. The limitations of each of the diagnostic assays used here in led us to recommend the concomitant use of PCR and virus isolation to improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis of BoHV-5 infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.140","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-25DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.95
I. C. Simoni, M. J. B. Fernandes, L. M. D. M. Camargo, L. R. Biltoveni, A. P. Manha, M. T. Tomitão, D. B. Oliveira, R. Negrelle, S. S. Costa
The major part of plants foraged by endangered pampas and marsh deer at the Brazilian Pantanal Wetland belongs to botanical genera containing medicinal species used mainly for healing infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this study, extracts and fractions of 19 plant species from deer diet were in vitro screened against bovine and suid herpesviruses, avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). At non-cytotoxicity concentrations, the extract and/or fractions from 14 plant species presented antiviral activity against at least one of these viruses except IBDV. Cecropia pachystachya, Melochia villosa and Polygonum acuminatum presented the most relevant results against bovine and suid herpesviruses while Andira cuyabensis was the most active plant against avian reovirus. C. pachystachya extract and fractions showed virucide effect, and kept their inhibitory activity towards both herpesviruses independent of the addition time in cell culture. Considering the benefit of the antioxidant activity of food and medicinal plants for the health balance, and its important role in viral infections, the extracts were also screened in a DPPH assay. Our findings show that several plants foraged by pampas and marsh deer possess antiviral activity against some pathogenic viruses for mammals. This study proposed an innovative strategy by adopting plants consumed in the diet of wild non-primate mammals for the search of potentially therapeutic substances. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.95
{"title":"Plants from deer diet in the Brazilian Pantanal Wetland as potential source of antiviral and antioxidant compounds","authors":"I. C. Simoni, M. J. B. Fernandes, L. M. D. M. Camargo, L. R. Biltoveni, A. P. Manha, M. T. Tomitão, D. B. Oliveira, R. Negrelle, S. S. Costa","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V19I2.95","url":null,"abstract":"The major part of plants foraged by endangered pampas and marsh deer at the Brazilian Pantanal Wetland belongs to botanical genera containing medicinal species used mainly for healing infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this study, extracts and fractions of 19 plant species from deer diet were in vitro screened against bovine and suid herpesviruses, avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). At non-cytotoxicity concentrations, the extract and/or fractions from 14 plant species presented antiviral activity against at least one of these viruses except IBDV. Cecropia pachystachya, Melochia villosa and Polygonum acuminatum presented the most relevant results against bovine and suid herpesviruses while Andira cuyabensis was the most active plant against avian reovirus. C. pachystachya extract and fractions showed virucide effect, and kept their inhibitory activity towards both herpesviruses independent of the addition time in cell culture. Considering the benefit of the antioxidant activity of food and medicinal plants for the health balance, and its important role in viral infections, the extracts were also screened in a DPPH assay. Our findings show that several plants foraged by pampas and marsh deer possess antiviral activity against some pathogenic viruses for mammals. This study proposed an innovative strategy by adopting plants consumed in the diet of wild non-primate mammals for the search of potentially therapeutic substances. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v19i2.95","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Rodrigues, D. B. Kondidie, C. Estevez-Jensen, E. Kitajima, R. Huckaba, J. E. Foster
Seed companies in the USA grow winter soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) nurseries in Puerto Rico to advance their breeding programs and seed increase. However, the soybean nurseries are being threatened by a viral disease that cause stunting, leaf and stem necrosis and shoot wilting that leads to death of the whole plant. In the present study transmission assays were conducted using stem grafting, mechanical inoculation, and whiteflies (WFs), Bemisia tabci (Gennadius). Cultivated and wild host plants infested by WFs were surveyed at Dow AgroSciences Research Station and nearby farms at Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Based on previous report in Brazil of similar disease caused by an isolate of Cowpea mild mottle virus(CpMMV), a Carlavirus, these samples were screened for the presence of the Carlavirususing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and RT-PCR using Carlavirus-specific primers. The results showed that all the transmission assays expressed the viral symptoms on soybean plants on which the tests were done. Out of the 19 plant species surveyed, 8 species gave positive results for the ELISA test. The RT-PCR also successfully amplified a 300 bp fragment from these ELISA positive samples. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed feather-like aggregates of presumed virions in the cytoplasm, characteristic for many members of the genus Carlavirus. This virus infecting soybean and other plants in Puerto Rico is considered an isolate of the CpMMV. This study underlines the importance of controlling WFs and weed species that serve as reservoirs both for the vectors and the virus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v19i1.101
{"title":"INFECTION IN SOYBEANS AND ON MULTIPLE HOST PLANTS IN PUERTO RICO BY AN ISOLATE OF COWPEA MILD MOTTLE VIRUS.","authors":"J. C. Rodrigues, D. B. Kondidie, C. Estevez-Jensen, E. Kitajima, R. Huckaba, J. E. Foster","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V19I1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V19I1.101","url":null,"abstract":"Seed companies in the USA grow winter soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) nurseries in Puerto Rico to advance their breeding programs and seed increase. However, the soybean nurseries are being threatened by a viral disease that cause stunting, leaf and stem necrosis and shoot wilting that leads to death of the whole plant. In the present study transmission assays were conducted using stem grafting, mechanical inoculation, and whiteflies (WFs), Bemisia tabci (Gennadius). Cultivated and wild host plants infested by WFs were surveyed at Dow AgroSciences Research Station and nearby farms at Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Based on previous report in Brazil of similar disease caused by an isolate of Cowpea mild mottle virus(CpMMV), a Carlavirus, these samples were screened for the presence of the Carlavirususing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and RT-PCR using Carlavirus-specific primers. The results showed that all the transmission assays expressed the viral symptoms on soybean plants on which the tests were done. Out of the 19 plant species surveyed, 8 species gave positive results for the ELISA test. The RT-PCR also successfully amplified a 300 bp fragment from these ELISA positive samples. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed feather-like aggregates of presumed virions in the cytoplasm, characteristic for many members of the genus Carlavirus. This virus infecting soybean and other plants in Puerto Rico is considered an isolate of the CpMMV. This study underlines the importance of controlling WFs and weed species that serve as reservoirs both for the vectors and the virus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v19i1.101","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
{"title":"Helio Gelli Pereira Award","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V19I0.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V19I0.131","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
{"title":"Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/vrr.v19i0.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v19i0.130","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
{"title":"Plant and Invertebrate Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.86","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of the XXV Brazilian Congress of Virology & IX Mercosur Meeting of Virology September/October, 28 - 01, 2014, Ribeirao Preto Convention Center, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"206-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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