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HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION PROFILE IN DIFFERENT HEMODIALYSIS UNITS IN RECIFE, PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL 巴西伯南布哥省累西腓不同血液透析单位的乙型肝炎病毒感染概况
Pub Date : 2009-03-04 DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.25
A. D. Albuquerque, M. R. Coêlho, M. F. Lemos, A. Cruz, S. C. M. Braz, R. Moreira
Patients under hemodialysis are considered a high risk to acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine  the serological and molecular profile and risk factors for HBV among hemodialysis patients in five clinics in Recife, Pernambuco, between August 2006 and August 2007. The study population (n = 781) was interviewed after signing a free and informed consent statement and the blood collected through the patient’s fistula prior to hemodialysis.  Serum samples underwent ELISA to investigate total anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs. The samples that were HBsAg-positive were subjected to the PCR to investigate viral DNA. The DNA-positive samples were sequenced to identify the genotype. The information was stored and analyzed in Epi-Info 6.0. The seroprevalences of total anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs were 29.4% (229/781), 3.3% (26/781) and 66.2% (135/203), respectively. Among the 26 HBsAg-positive samples, 14 were positive for HBV DNA; genotypes A and F were found. The variables of sex, age, length of time on dialysis and number of transfusions showed statistically significant association with HBV, thus corroborating other Brazilian studies. Even with the implementation of HBV infection control measures and vaccinations, dialysis units still present widespread virus circulation. All units need to rigidly follow the universal precautions, so that the virus circulation in these places can increasingly be minimized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.25
血液透析患者被认为是获得乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的高危人群。本研究的目的是确定2006年8月至2007年8月期间伯南布哥省累西腓5个诊所血液透析患者中HBV的血清学和分子特征及危险因素。研究人群(n = 781)在签署一份自由知情同意书并在血液透析前通过患者瘘管采集血液后接受访谈。血清样本采用ELISA法检测总抗hbc、HBsAg和抗hbs。对hbsag阳性的样本进行PCR检测病毒DNA。对dna阳性样本进行测序以确定基因型。数据在Epi-Info 6.0中存储和分析。血清总抗- hbc、HBsAg和抗- hbs阳性率分别为29.4%(229/781)、3.3%(26/781)和66.2%(135/203)。26例hbsag阳性样本中,14例HBV DNA阳性;基因型为A型和F型。性别、年龄、透析时间和输血次数等变量显示与HBV有统计学意义的相关性,从而证实了巴西的其他研究。即使实施了乙肝病毒感染控制措施和疫苗接种,透析单位仍然存在广泛的病毒传播。所有单位都必须严格遵守普遍预防措施,以使这些地方的病毒传播能够日益减少。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.25
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引用次数: 2
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS POSITIVE WOMEN UNDER ROUTINE PAP SMEAR 人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性妇女在常规子宫颈抹片检查中感染人乳头瘤病毒
Pub Date : 2008-12-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V13I1-2.15
L. Oliveira, Jacqueline G. S. Haimuri, C. Jacyntho, Tomas Z Barrese, G. Vasconcelos, S. Cavalcanti, M. Rosa
The present study aimed to investigate HPV prevalence associated with cervical  cytology and to evaluate data from 140 HIV positive women routinely attended at an out-patient public gynecological service in Rio de Janeiro state. The CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels were determined using standardized protocols. HPV status and HPV 16 detection were ascertained respectively by My09/11 consensus primers and type specific primers. Colpocytology was performed at the first or subsequent visit to the service. Among women, 98.6% of them were under antiviral treatment, 92.1% had over 200 CD4 cells/mm3, 62.9% had detectable HIV RNA, 60.7% were HPV infected and 21.2 % harbored the HPV type 16. Normal/inflammatory results were prevalent (57.1%) and 7.9% of the patients had HSIL. Studying demographic data and HIV markers that could affect HPV infection, we found that time elapsed since positive diagnosis of less than four years was a significant factor. First sexual intercourse beginning earlier than 17 years, people younger than 30 years and white ethnicity were also linked to HPV infection. Alcohol use was marginally related to HPV prevalence. Patients with severe immune depression were strongly predisposed to HPV infection (from 90.9% of patients carrying less than 200 cells/mm3 to 45.5% in those with CD4 cell level above 500 cells/mm3) and the development of cervical lesions. There was no relation between HIV immune status and HPV type 16, but HIV seropositive women with abnormal cytology were three times more likely to harbor this HPV type. The high HPV prevalence as opposed to absence of cancer cases was probably due to the moderate immune status of the women studied added to routine cancer prevention exams. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v13i1-2.15
本研究旨在调查与宫颈细胞学相关的HPV患病率,并评估140名艾滋病毒阳性妇女在巴西里约热内卢州门诊公共妇科服务的常规数据。采用标准化方案测定CD4细胞计数和HIV-1 RNA水平。分别用My09/11共识引物和型特异引物检测HPV状态和HPV 16。阴道细胞学检查在第一次或随后的服务访问中进行。在妇女中,98.6%的人正在接受抗病毒治疗,92.1%的人CD4细胞/mm3超过200个,62.9%的人检测到HIV RNA, 60.7%的人感染HPV, 21.2%的人感染HPV 16型。正常/炎症结果普遍存在(57.1%),7.9%的患者患有HSIL。研究可能影响HPV感染的人口统计学数据和HIV标记物,我们发现自阳性诊断后不到四年的时间是重要因素。首次性行为开始于17岁之前,30岁以下的人和白人也与HPV感染有关。饮酒与人乳头瘤病毒流行率无显著相关性。严重免疫抑制的患者强烈倾向于HPV感染(从携带低于200个细胞/mm3的患者的90.9%到CD4细胞水平高于500个细胞/mm3的患者的45.5%)和宫颈病变的发展。HIV免疫状态与HPV 16型之间没有关系,但细胞学异常的HIV血清阳性妇女携带这种HPV型的可能性是正常妇女的三倍。与没有癌症病例相反,HPV的高患病率可能是由于被研究妇女的中等免疫状态加上常规的癌症预防检查。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v13i1 - 2.15
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引用次数: 1
DETECTION OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS IN NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATES OF BRAZILIAN CHILDREN BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY 免疫荧光法检测巴西儿童鼻咽吸入物中人偏肺病毒
Pub Date : 2008-11-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.17
J. F. Ribeiro, F. Moura
The circulation of human metapneumovirus is related to seasonal patterns of respiratory syncytial virus. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hMPV infection diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence in children attending emergency department and general wards of Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin in Fortaleza, Ceara, northeastern Brazil, during the respiratory syncytial virus season in 2006. The analysis included 389 samples. Antigens of hPMV were detected in 39 samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1-2.17
人偏肺病毒的传播与呼吸道合胞病毒的季节性流行有关。本研究的目的是确定2006年呼吸道合胞病毒流行季期间,巴西东北部塞阿拉州福塔莱萨Albert Sabin婴儿医院急诊科和普通病房就诊的儿童通过间接免疫荧光诊断的hMPV感染频率。分析包括389个样本。在39份样本中检测到hPMV抗原。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1 - 2.17
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引用次数: 0
IN VITRO ANTI-HSV-2 ACTIVITY OF ISOQUERCETIN FROM HYPTIS FASCICULATA BENTH. 鸢尾草异槲皮素体外抗hsv -2活性的研究。
Pub Date : 2008-10-23 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.4
M. Gomes, Débora M. Cerqueira, D. Falcão, F. S. Menezes, M. Wigg, G. Mendes, F. Martins, J.F.M. Silva, R. Kuster, M. Romanos
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引用次数: 4
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE 3 IN RONDONIA, BRAZIL 巴西朗多尼亚3型登革热病毒的分离和鉴定
Pub Date : 2008-10-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V13I1-2.16
D. Vieira, Glauciane da Silva Bifano, E. Honda, M. Tada, W. C. Batista
Dengue Fever is a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The state of Rondonia has 52 municipalities, of which 32 are found inside Amazonia Legal and 20 in border areas. In the period of January 2004 until May 2006, 160 blood samples were colleted from patients suspected of having DENV disease during outbreaks of dengue fever in the municipalities of Ariquemes, Jaru, Ouro Preto do Oeste, Cacoal, Colorado do Oeste, Vilhena and Porto Velho. Samples were submitted for viral isolation following RNA viral extraction and RT-PCR, in order to identify the dengue virus. Afterwards, hemi-nested-PCR was used to identify the viral serotype. Seventy eight samples were characterized as DENV-3. The amplicons characterized by hemi-nested-PCR were sequenced for similar research with nucleotide sequences of DENV-3 deposited in Genbank, using the BLAST program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v13i1-2.16
登革热是世界热带和亚热带地区的一个严重公共卫生问题。朗多尼亚州有52个自治市,其中32个在亚马逊地区,20个在边境地区。2004年1月至2006年5月期间,在阿里克梅斯、雅鲁、欧鲁普雷图奥多埃斯特、卡科尔、科罗拉多奥多埃斯特、维尔赫纳和韦柳港等市登革热暴发期间,从疑似DENV患者身上采集了160份血液样本。在RNA病毒提取和RT-PCR后,将样本提交进行病毒分离,以鉴定登革热病毒。然后用半巢式pcr法鉴定病毒血清型。78份样品被鉴定为DENV-3。利用BLAST程序,将半嵌套pcr扩增子与DENV-3在Genbank中的核苷酸序列进行测序,以进行类似的研究。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v13i1 - 2.16
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引用次数: 4
THE GENESIS OF RABIES PREVENTION INDUCED BY PASTEUR’S VACCINES AND THE PROTECTIVE PHENOMENON MEDIATED BY INTERFERONS 巴斯德疫苗预防狂犬病的发生及干扰素介导的保护现象
Pub Date : 2008-09-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.18
P. C. Romijn, M. C. Cabral
Considerations about the development of the anti-rabies vaccine based on the analysis of historical documents and published scientific articles including correlations with the effect mediated by interferon – interferosis, are presented. In this review, an updated philosophical interpretation is presented on the technical report elaborated by Dr. Prof. August F. Dos Santos, professor at the College of Medicine and doctor of the Santa Casa de Misericordia of Rio de Janeiro, referring to the training undergone in France under Louis Pasteur’s orientation, during the period of 06/1886 - 07/1887, as well as other published  documents of marked impact up to the mid-XXth century. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1-2.18
通过对历史文献和已发表的科学文章的分析,包括与干扰素-干扰素介导的作用的相关性,提出了抗狂犬病疫苗发展的几点考虑。在这篇综述中,对August F. Dos Santos博士教授(医学院教授,巴西里约热内卢圣米塞里科迪医院医生)撰写的技术报告进行了更新的哲学解释,该技术报告涉及1886年6月至1887年7月期间在路易·巴斯德指导下在法国接受的培训,以及直到20世纪中叶具有显著影响的其他已发表的文件。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1 - 2.18
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引用次数: 0
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) INFECTION OF SEXUAL PARTNERS OF WOMEN PRESENTING CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA 人乳头瘤病毒(hpv)感染的女性性伴侣呈现宫颈上皮内瘤变
Pub Date : 2008-08-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.20
S. Cavalcanti, L. Afonso, N. Moyses, I. M. Magalhães, M. Passos, L. Oliveira
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the genital tract are the most prevalent sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. Oncogenic HPV types cause pre-malignant lesions that can progress to cervical carcinoma. In the male genital tract, most HPV infections are sub-clinical and associated with a vicious circle [stet] of treatment-reinfection of women. Nevertheless, HPV pathogenic processes are still poorly understood. The literature suggests that different HPV types can be found among sexual partners. In our study, we aimed to verify HPV infections in female patients as well as in their sexual partners, to test this hypothesis. The HPV DNA prevalence in women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) was 92.5% compared with 25% for normal women, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). In male samples, the HPV DNA prevalence in partners from CIN women was 50% and for normal women partners, it was 17.5%. In the group of CIN women, we observed that 20 couples had HPV DNA in both partners. However, only 50% of the couples shared the same HPV type. In the group of normal women, only 6 couples were simultaneously infected by HPV, and from them only 33.3% had the same virus type. These results may be attributed to differences in local immunity and organization of the genital epithelia of each sex. On the other hand, female lesions would not be the result of re-infection by sexual partners, but rather a true recurrence of a latent infection. Finally, such 40% of agreement among all couples leads us to suggest a vicious circle [stet] of infectious processes, perpetuating HPV in the sexually active population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1-2.20
人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的生殖道是最普遍的性传播病毒在世界范围内。致瘤性HPV类型会导致恶性病变,可发展为宫颈癌。在男性生殖道,大多数HPV感染是亚临床的,并且与治疗-女性再感染的恶性循环有关。然而,人类乳头瘤病毒的致病过程仍然知之甚少。文献表明,在性伴侣中可以发现不同类型的HPV。在我们的研究中,我们旨在验证女性患者及其性伴侣的HPV感染情况,以验证这一假设。宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)女性的HPV DNA患病率为92.5%,而正常女性为25%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.001)。在男性样本中,CIN女性伴侣的HPV DNA患病率为50%,正常女性伴侣的HPV DNA患病率为17.5%。在CIN妇女组中,我们观察到20对夫妇双方都有HPV DNA。然而,只有50%的夫妇拥有相同的HPV类型。在正常妇女组中,只有6对夫妇同时感染HPV,其中只有33.3%的人具有相同的病毒类型。这些结果可能归因于两性在局部免疫和生殖器上皮组织方面的差异。另一方面,女性病变不会是性伴侣再次感染的结果,而是潜伏感染的真正复发。最后,在所有夫妇中有40%的人同意,这使我们认为这是一种恶性循环的感染过程,使HPV在性活跃人群中持续存在。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1 - 2.20
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引用次数: 0
ADAPTATION OF HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TECHNIQUE (HI) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN OSTRICHES (Struthio camellus) 血凝抑制技术(HI)在鸵鸟新城疫诊断中的应用
Pub Date : 2008-07-31 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.3
A. O. T. Carrasco, O. C. F. Neto, S. L. S. Lages, R. Sousa, A. B. Junior, A. A. Pinto
The  breeding  of  ratites  (ostriches,  emus  and  rheas)  has  expanded  considerably  all over the world in recent years. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is considered to be the  standard  serology  test,  for  detection  of  antibodies  against  Newcastle  Disease  Virus (NDV).  However,  HI  test  tends  to  give  false  positive  results  in  serum  samples  of  some species,  including  ostriches.  In  this  study,  kaolin  was  used  to  eliminate  the  nonspecific hemagglutination  inhibitors  in  ostrich  serum  samples.  Twenty-seven  non-kaolin-treated ostrich  samples  reacted  to  the  test  and  the  titres  ranged  from  2  to  64.  However,  these samples  did  not  react  when  they  were  kaolin-treated.  The  controls  did  not  show  any variance on antibodies titres, regardless of treatment with kaolin. The use of kaolin in the routine  serodiagnosis  of  ND  not  only  relieves  adsorption  of  serum  samples  with  avian erythrocytes,  but  also  contributes  to  the  reduction  in  the  maintenance  of  red  blood  cells donor birds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1-2.3
近年来,大鼠(鸵鸟、鸸鹋和大鼠)的繁殖在世界范围内大幅扩大。血凝抑制(HI)试验被认为是标准的血清学试验,用于检测抗新城疫病病毒(NDV)的抗体。然而,在某些物种(包括鸵鸟)的血清样本中,HI测试往往会产生假阳性结果。在本研究中,高岭土被用于消除鸵鸟血清样品中的非特异性血凝抑制剂。27个未经高岭土处理的鸵鸟样品对测试有反应,滴度从2到64不等。然而,这些样品在高岭土处理后没有反应。不管用高岭土治疗,对照组在抗体滴度上没有表现出任何差异。将高岭土用于ND的常规血清学诊断中,不仅减轻了血清样品与禽类红细胞的吸附,而且有助于减少供体禽类红细胞的维持。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1 - 2.3
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引用次数: 2
GENOTYPING OF DENGUE VIRUS 2 USING RESTRICTION SITE-SPECIFIC (RSS)-PCR 利用限制性内切位点特异性(rss) -pcr对登革病毒2型进行基因分型
Pub Date : 2008-07-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V13I1-2.19
C. Carrara, K. P. R. Souza, A. Cecílio
Dengue fever is considered the most important and widespread reemerging infectious disease in developing countries. Dengue virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, a group of positive sense RNA viruses of 11 kb that are divided into four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1 - DENV-4). Nowadays prevention is accomplished by using epidemiologic surveillance and vector control. Strain typing is a powerful tool for determining the geographic distribution of strains and understanding the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Strain typing can provide information on the relationship between disease manifestations and severity of disease. Harris et al. (Virology 253: 86-95, 1990), developed the RSS-PCR in order to genotype samples of Dengue virus, a rapid molecular strain-typing method that can be applied to analyze a large number of strains. The subtyping may identify viral factors that contribute to disease severity. This study was developed in order to genotype samples circulating in Minas Gerais state. Among the 34 clinical samples tested, 3 were DENV-1, 14 were DENV-2 and 17 were DENV-3. The samples were isolated using C6/36 cells. After RNA extraction using the silica method, RSS-PCR was executed. Different samples were used (1992-2005), including cases of DF (dengue fever) and DHF (dengue hemorrhagic fever). The results suggest genetic variability among the samples. The patterns seem to be related to the period of isolation, whether recent or from retrospective samples, as differences in patterns linked to severity of disease were not seen. The older sample (1992) seemed to have the same pattern as that ascribed by Harris et al, (1990) to the genotype “American”. The other samples showed patterns not related to any other previously described genotype. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1-2.19
登革热被认为是发展中国家最重要和最广泛的再次出现的传染病。登革热病毒属于黄病毒科,是一组11 kb的阳性RNA病毒,分为四种抗原不同的血清型(DENV-1 - DENV-4)。目前的预防是通过流行病学监测和媒介控制来完成的。菌株分型是确定菌株地理分布和了解传染病流行病学的有力工具。菌株分型可以提供疾病表现和疾病严重程度之间关系的信息。Harris et al. (Virology 253: 86-95, 1990)为了对登革热病毒样本进行基因分型,开发了RSS-PCR,这是一种快速的分子分型方法,可用于分析大量菌株。这种亚型可以确定导致疾病严重程度的病毒因素。开展这项研究是为了对米纳斯吉拉斯州流行的样本进行基因分型。34份临床样本中,DENV-1型3份,DENV-2型14份,DENV-3型17份。采用C6/36细胞分离样品。用二氧化硅法提取RNA后,进行RSS-PCR。使用了不同的样本(1992-2005),包括DF(登革热)和DHF(登革出血热)病例。结果表明样本之间存在遗传变异。这些模式似乎与隔离期有关,无论是最近的还是来自回顾性样本的,因为没有发现与疾病严重程度相关的模式差异。较老的样本(1992年)似乎与Harris等人(1990年)归因于“美国人”基因型的模式相同。其他样本显示的模式与任何其他先前描述的基因型无关。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v13i1 - 2.19
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引用次数: 0
ANIMAL INFECTIONS BY VACCINIA-LIKE VIRUSES IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO: 1- NORTHWESTERN REGION 巴西巴西州牛痘样病毒的动物感染:1-西北地区
Pub Date : 2007-12-20 DOI: 10.17525/VRR.V12I1-2.10
Bruno R. Simonetti, D. C. Abreu, J. Simonetti, M. C. Gonçalves, M. Silva, O. Barth, H. Schatzmayr
Orthopoxvirus infections in dairy cattle have been followed in the northwestern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro for the last nine years. Clinical specimens from 50 animals collected by Animal Health authorities have been received in our laboratory for laboratory diagnosis, most of them blood specimens. Orthopoxvirus infections have been confirmed in 46 animals by at least one of the laboratory tests employed: neutralizing antibody detection using as antigen a vaccinia-like strain molecularly characterized and isolated in the area; RT-PCR test; electron microscopy observation; and virus isolation in a Vero cell line. The virus strains obtained were identified as vaccinia-like by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirming the circulation of these strains in nature. Human cases associated with the infected animals have been also observed in the region, characterizing an expanding zoonosis caused by vaccinia-like strains in the state of Rio de Janeiro. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v12i1-2.10
在过去的九年里,巴西里约热内卢州西北地区一直在追踪奶牛的正痘病毒感染情况。我们实验室收到了动物卫生主管部门采集的50只动物的临床标本,用于实验室诊断,其中大多数是血液标本。通过所采用的至少一种实验室检测,已在46只动物中证实了正痘病毒感染:使用在该地区具有分子特征和分离的牛痘样菌株作为抗原的中和抗体检测;rt - pcr测试;电镜观察;在Vero细胞系中分离病毒获得的病毒株经电镜和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)鉴定为牛痘样病毒株,证实了这些病毒株在自然界的循环。在该区域还观察到与受感染动物有关的人间病例,其特点是在巴西里约热内卢州由牛痘样毒株引起的人畜共患病正在扩大。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v12i1 - 2.10
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引用次数: 11
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Virus Reviews Research
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