Pub Date : 2013-12-29DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.91
J. Zanella
Influenza A virus is a zoonotic agent of great relevance to human and animal health. Swine is an important host to the dynamics and epidemiology of the infection due to its susceptibility to viruses of both the avian and mammalian virus lineages. The great genetic variability of influenza viruses is caused by two main genetic mechanisms: point mutations and gene reassortment. The latter, by letting the exchange of gene segments between two different influenza viruses infecting the same cell, allows a rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the emergence of reassortant viruses against which there is no immunity in the host (human or animal). Influenza is endemic in pigs in many countries and the emergence of new viruses has been challenging its control and diagnostics. Although infections with influenza A virus (IAV) are endemic in most of the pork producing countries throughout the world, in Brazil this pathogen has not received much attention. Since the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs (H1N1pdm09), many outbreaks of respiratory disease were observed in Brazilian swine populations. Currently, in Brazil, H1N1, H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in domestic swine herds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.91
{"title":"INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN PIGS","authors":"J. Zanella","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza A virus is a zoonotic agent of great relevance to human and animal health. Swine is an important host to the dynamics and epidemiology of the infection due to its susceptibility to viruses of both the avian and mammalian virus lineages. The great genetic variability of influenza viruses is caused by two main genetic mechanisms: point mutations and gene reassortment. The latter, by letting the exchange of gene segments between two different influenza viruses infecting the same cell, allows a rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the emergence of reassortant viruses against which there is no immunity in the host (human or animal). Influenza is endemic in pigs in many countries and the emergence of new viruses has been challenging its control and diagnostics. Although infections with influenza A virus (IAV) are endemic in most of the pork producing countries throughout the world, in Brazil this pathogen has not received much attention. Since the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs (H1N1pdm09), many outbreaks of respiratory disease were observed in Brazilian swine populations. Currently, in Brazil, H1N1, H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in domestic swine herds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.91","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-29DOI: 10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.89
A. Cunha, A. Cunha, D. Solla, R. Chaves, B. G. C. Filho, R. Nascimento
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent viral infection in liver recipients, acting as immunomodulatory factor for other opportunistic infections and rejection. We assessed the outcomes of CMV infection in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region and the use of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome. Between March 2007 and April 2009, 44 liver recipients collected 344 samples for CMV antigenemia. Defi nition of active CMV infections used literature criteria. Recipients’ outcomes [CMV syndrome, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recurrence, rejection and mortality] were analyzed. Performance of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome was assessed by the area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) of 52 positive samples, representing 24 recipients. CMV serology was positive (R+) in 90.9% of liver recipients. CMV syndrome occurred in 18 (40.9%) recipients. CMV negative serology (R-) recipients had lower disease-free time, as well as lower one-year and four-year survival rates (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively). HCV+ recipients presented CMV-associated indirect eff ects and had a tendency to lower fouryear survival rate (p=0.089). Th e AUROC for CMV syndrome was 0.745 (95% CI 0.606 to 0.856, p = 0.006), with a cut-off of more than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, (sensitivity of 88.9% and specifi city of 74.4%). CMV infection is associated to morbidity and lower survival rates in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region. Using antigenemia, the cut-off for diagnosing CMV syndrome was higher than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, with an appropriated performance through its accuracy.
巨细胞病毒(CMV)是肝脏受体中最常见的病毒感染，是其他机会性感染和排斥反应的免疫调节因子。我们评估了CMV血清高阳性率地区肝脏受体CMV感染的结果，以及使用抗原血症诊断CMV综合征。在2007年3月至2009年4月期间，44名肝脏接受者收集了344份巨细胞病毒抗原血症样本。活动性巨细胞病毒感染的定义采用文献标准。分析受者的结局[巨细胞病毒综合征、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)复发、排斥反应和死亡率]。通过52例阳性样本(24例受体)的受者工作曲线下面积(AUROC)来评估抗原血症对巨细胞病毒综合征诊断的作用。90.9%的肝受体CMV血清学阳性(R+)。18例(40.9%)受者出现巨细胞病毒综合征。CMV血清学阴性(R-)接受者的无病时间较短，一年和四年生存率较低(分别为p = 0.022和p = 0.004)。HCV+受体表现出cmv相关的间接效应，并有降低四年生存率的趋势(p=0.089)。巨细胞病毒综合征的AUROC为0.745 (95% CI 0.606 ~ 0.856, p = 0.006)，临界值为每20万个白细胞中有8个以上阳性细胞(敏感性为88.9%，特异性为74.4%)。在巨细胞病毒血清阳性率高的地区，巨细胞病毒感染与肝脏受体的发病率和较低的生存率有关。使用抗原血症诊断巨细胞病毒综合征的临界值高于8个阳性细胞/20万个白细胞，通过其准确性获得了适当的表现。
{"title":"Active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region - outcomes and the use of antigenemia","authors":"A. Cunha, A. Cunha, D. Solla, R. Chaves, B. G. C. Filho, R. Nascimento","doi":"10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.89","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent viral infection in liver recipients, acting as immunomodulatory factor for \u0000other opportunistic infections and rejection. We assessed the outcomes of CMV infection in liver recipients in a high \u0000CMV seroprevalence region and the use of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome. Between March 2007 \u0000and April 2009, 44 liver recipients collected 344 samples for CMV antigenemia. Defi nition of active CMV infections \u0000used literature criteria. Recipients’ outcomes [CMV syndrome, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recurrence, rejection and \u0000mortality] were analyzed. Performance of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome was assessed by the area \u0000under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) of 52 positive samples, representing 24 recipients. CMV serology was \u0000positive (R+) in 90.9% of liver recipients. CMV syndrome occurred in 18 (40.9%) recipients. CMV negative serology \u0000(R-) recipients had lower disease-free time, as well as lower one-year and four-year survival rates (p = 0.022 and p = \u00000.004, respectively). HCV+ recipients presented CMV-associated indirect eff ects and had a tendency to lower fouryear \u0000survival rate (p=0.089). Th e AUROC for CMV syndrome was 0.745 (95% CI 0.606 to 0.856, p = 0.006), with a \u0000cut-off of more than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, (sensitivity of 88.9% and specifi city of 74.4%). CMV infection \u0000is associated to morbidity and lower survival rates in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region. Using \u0000antigenemia, the cut-off for diagnosing CMV syndrome was higher than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, with an \u0000appropriated performance through its accuracy.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Nizamani, C. Holz, D. Keita, G. Libeau, E. Albina, R. Almeida
Soon aft er discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), its potential as eff ective antiviral therapy was recognized. Since then RNAi has been variously exploited for antiviral purposes which could eff ectively block viral replication in vitro. For invivo use, however, delivery issue, toxicity, RNAi suppression and viral escape are still major hurdles. Here, we providean overview of the RNAi strategy and review the approaches that have been developed to surpass the obstacles and to achieve targeted gene silencing for antiviral and other therapies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.92
{"title":"RNA INTERFERENCE AS ANTIVIRAL THERAPY: DREAM OR REALITY?","authors":"Z. Nizamani, C. Holz, D. Keita, G. Libeau, E. Albina, R. Almeida","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.92","url":null,"abstract":"Soon aft er discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), its potential as eff ective antiviral therapy was recognized. Since then RNAi has been variously exploited for antiviral purposes which could eff ectively block viral replication in vitro. For invivo use, however, delivery issue, toxicity, RNAi suppression and viral escape are still major hurdles. Here, we providean overview of the RNAi strategy and review the approaches that have been developed to surpass the obstacles and to achieve targeted gene silencing for antiviral and other therapies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.92","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. N. Santos, A. Varela, S. Cibulski, F. E. S. Lima, F. Spilki, Ls Heinzelmann, R. Luz, P. Abreu, P. Roehe, L. Cavalli
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is considered the most threatening infectious agent in shrimp aquaculture. Since its fi rst occurrence in 1992, this pathogen has caused economic losses approach one billion US dollars per year. WSSV is a tailed, rod-shaped nucleocapsid, double stranded DNA virus, which belongs to Nimaviridae family. In this report, it is presented a concise overview on WSSV fi rst occurrence and the diff erent features of the virus. Besides, it is reported an update on epidemiology with special attention to its occurrence in Brazil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.63
{"title":"A BRIEF HISTORY OF White spot syndrome virus AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY IN BRAZIL","authors":"R. N. Santos, A. Varela, S. Cibulski, F. E. S. Lima, F. Spilki, Ls Heinzelmann, R. Luz, P. Abreu, P. Roehe, L. Cavalli","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.63","url":null,"abstract":"White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is considered the most threatening infectious agent in shrimp aquaculture. Since its fi rst occurrence in 1992, this pathogen has caused economic losses approach one billion US dollars per year. WSSV is a tailed, rod-shaped nucleocapsid, double stranded DNA virus, which belongs to Nimaviridae family. In this report, it is presented a concise overview on WSSV fi rst occurrence and the diff erent features of the virus. Besides, it is reported an update on epidemiology with special attention to its occurrence in Brazil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.63","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIV Brazilian Congress of Virology & VIII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 01 - 04, 2013, Nautico Praia Hotel & Convention Center, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.
{"title":"Immunobiologicals in Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.85","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIV Brazilian Congress of Virology & VIII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 01 - 04, 2013, Nautico Praia Hotel & Convention Center, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXIV Brazilian Congress of Virology & VIII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 01 - 04, 2013, Nautico Praia Hotel & Convention Center, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.
{"title":"Helio Gelli Pereira Award and Oral Presentation","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXIV Brazilian Congress of Virology & VIII Mercosur Meeting of Virology September, 01 - 04, 2013, Nautico Praia Hotel & Convention Center, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"14-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. F. Corrêa, R. S. Aguiar, R. Monnerat, B. Ribeiro
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. Most of its toxicity relies on δ-endotoxins (Cry and Cyt) crystalline inclusions produced at the sporulation phase of growth. Obtention of individual Bti mosquitocidal toxins is crucial for the understanding of Bti´s potential activity against dipteran larvae. A Cry toxin expression system based on baculovirus was developed to produce two of the Cry toxins comprised in the crystals of Bti. Th e cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes from two Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were amplified by PCR, cloned into a plasmid cloning vector and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes showed high identity to previous known cry genes. Both cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes were further cloned into transfer vectors for construction of recombinant baculoviruses. After isolation of the recombinant viruses, they were used to infect insect cells (BTITN5B1-4) that were analyzed by light microscopy at different times post infection. Putative crystals consisting of either Cry4Aa or Cry4Ba were observed in the cytoplasm of infected insect cells. RT-PCR was performed with mRNA from insect cell extracts (72 h.p.i.) in order to confirm the presence of the genes specific transcripts. Recombinant virus-infected insect extracts (120 h.p.i.) were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showing the presence of polypeptide bands of around 128 and 130 kDa, corresponding, respectively to the sizes of the proteins Cry4Aa and Cry4Ba. Bioassays with virus-infected insect extracts were shown to be toxic to second instar Aedes aegypti larvae, confirming the usefulness of this expression system for the study of Cry proteins. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.70
苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种以色列蚊(Bti)对蚊子幼虫有剧毒。其毒性主要依赖于产孢期产生的δ-内毒素(Cry和Cyt)晶体内含物。对蚊胺个体灭蚊毒素的研究是了解蚊胺对双翅目幼虫潜在活性的关键。建立了一种基于杆状病毒的Cry毒素表达系统，可产生两种含有Bti晶体的Cry毒素。采用PCR扩增苏云金芽孢杆菌巴西菌株cry4Aa和cry4Ba基因，并将其克隆到质粒克隆载体上进行测序。cry4Aa和cry4Ba基因序列分析表明，cry4Aa和cry4Ba基因与已知的cry4Ba基因具有较高的同源性。进一步将cry4Aa和cry4Ba基因克隆到重组杆状病毒的转移载体上。重组病毒分离后感染昆虫细胞(BTITN5B1-4)，感染后不同时间光镜下进行分析。在被感染的昆虫细胞质中观察到由Cry4Aa或Cry4Ba组成的晶体。用昆虫细胞提取物(72 hp .i.)的mRNA进行RT-PCR，以确认基因特异性转录物的存在。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析了重组病毒感染的昆虫提取物(120 hp .i.)，发现存在约128和130 kDa的多肽带，分别与Cry4Aa和Cry4Ba蛋白的大小相对应。用病毒感染的昆虫提取物进行生物测定，结果显示对2龄埃及伊蚊幼虫具有毒性，证实了该表达系统在Cry蛋白研究中的有效性。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1 - 2.70
{"title":"CRY4AA AND CRY4BA FROM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. ISRAELENSIS EXPRESSED IN INSECT CELLS BY RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUSES ARE TOXIC TO AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE","authors":"R. F. Corrêa, R. S. Aguiar, R. Monnerat, B. Ribeiro","doi":"10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.70","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. Most of its toxicity relies on δ-endotoxins (Cry and Cyt) crystalline inclusions produced at the sporulation phase of growth. Obtention of individual Bti mosquitocidal toxins is crucial for the understanding of Bti´s potential activity against dipteran larvae. A Cry toxin expression system based on baculovirus was developed to produce two of the Cry toxins comprised in the crystals of Bti. Th e cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes from two Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were amplified by PCR, cloned into a plasmid cloning vector and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes showed high identity to previous known cry genes. Both cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes were further cloned into transfer vectors for construction of recombinant baculoviruses. After isolation of the recombinant viruses, they were used to infect insect cells (BTITN5B1-4) that were analyzed by light microscopy at different times post infection. Putative crystals consisting of either Cry4Aa or Cry4Ba were observed in the cytoplasm of infected insect cells. RT-PCR was performed with mRNA from insect cell extracts (72 h.p.i.) in order to confirm the presence of the genes specific transcripts. Recombinant virus-infected insect extracts (120 h.p.i.) were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showing the presence of polypeptide bands of around 128 and 130 kDa, corresponding, respectively to the sizes of the proteins Cry4Aa and Cry4Ba. Bioassays with virus-infected insect extracts were shown to be toxic to second instar Aedes aegypti larvae, confirming the usefulness of this expression system for the study of Cry proteins. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.70","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dobao, L. Afonso, C. Pires, B. K. Kac, L. Fonseca, W. Menezes, J. Nery, S. Cavalcanti
HPV infection and associated diseases in the male population has assumed importance, especially because of the increase in incidence of anal carcinoma. The recognition that man is no longer mere infection vector for this disease is still poorly discussed, and can result in diagnostic losses and further increase in anogenital disease morbidity. In this study, we aimed to present a case of an atypical anogenital lesion caused by HPV infection in a HIV(-) male patient. Clinical exam showed perianal lesion. This lesion has been misdiagnosed and treated as herpes and candidiasis for almost ten years, when ulceration was observed, followed by purulent secretion. Histopathology showed intraepithelial neoplasia constituted by atypical keratinocytes, loss of polarity and corneal pearls compatible with Bowen’s disease. Specific PCR showed HPV 16 DNA in both episomal and integrated forms. Successful treatment was achieved by radiotherapy. The knowledge about the behavior of anogenital HPV infection in men is still unclear, even for high-risk groups such as MSM (men who have sex with men) and HIV seropositive. Therefore, several patients have been maintained without diagnosis, being regarded as sources of infection and even suffering from high-grade lesions with clinical unsatisfactory outcomes. Our goal with this case report is to contribute to the dissemination of an emerging problem, stimulating discussion and the search for new tools of early recognition and treatment of male anogenital lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.64
{"title":"PERIANAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA WITH HIGH-GRADE ANAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN AN HIV-NEGATIVE PATIENT","authors":"E. Dobao, L. Afonso, C. Pires, B. K. Kac, L. Fonseca, W. Menezes, J. Nery, S. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V18I1-2.64","url":null,"abstract":"HPV infection and associated diseases in the male population has assumed importance, especially because of the increase in incidence of anal carcinoma. The recognition that man is no longer mere infection vector for this disease is still poorly discussed, and can result in diagnostic losses and further increase in anogenital disease morbidity. In this study, we aimed to present a case of an atypical anogenital lesion caused by HPV infection in a HIV(-) male patient. Clinical exam showed perianal lesion. This lesion has been misdiagnosed and treated as herpes and candidiasis for almost ten years, when ulceration was observed, followed by purulent secretion. Histopathology showed intraepithelial neoplasia constituted by atypical keratinocytes, loss of polarity and corneal pearls compatible with Bowen’s disease. Specific PCR showed HPV 16 DNA in both episomal and integrated forms. Successful treatment was achieved by radiotherapy. The knowledge about the behavior of anogenital HPV infection in men is still unclear, even for high-risk groups such as MSM (men who have sex with men) and HIV seropositive. Therefore, several patients have been maintained without diagnosis, being regarded as sources of infection and even suffering from high-grade lesions with clinical unsatisfactory outcomes. Our goal with this case report is to contribute to the dissemination of an emerging problem, stimulating discussion and the search for new tools of early recognition and treatment of male anogenital lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v18i1-2.64","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-10DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.65
L. Faccin-Galhardi, Nayara Lopes, S. Espada, R. Linhares, J. Pelayo, C. Nozawa
The viral contamination of water for human consumption is a common cause of diseases outbreaks, therefore, a matter of great relevance for public health, especially in developing countries. In most countries, legislation recommends the study of coliforms to indicate the potability of water, however, this is not correlated with the presence of virus. The present review sought to characterize the epidemiological importance of waterborne viral diseases and the limitations of laboratorial detection and elimination of these pathogens. Besides, the state of art of virus as a tool to assess the quality of the water, as well as, the use of a single virus as the indicator of environmental contamination by virus itself are presented. Reports have demonstrated that some viruses are resistant to conventional water treatment process. Changes in water treatment policy should be achieved, and, should involve viral detection and resistance to physical and chemical agents, amongst other methods. However, we have to bear in mind that the decrease of waterborne infectious diseases is greatly dependent upon the improvement of sanitation, water treatment, together with preventive measures. All those measures together could ensure appropriate conditions for the promotion of human health and the reduction of environmental impacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.65
{"title":"WATERBORNE VIRAL PATHOGENS: DETECTION, CONTROL AND MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION","authors":"L. Faccin-Galhardi, Nayara Lopes, S. Espada, R. Linhares, J. Pelayo, C. Nozawa","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V18I1-2.65","url":null,"abstract":"The viral contamination of water for human consumption is a common cause of diseases outbreaks, therefore, a matter of great relevance for public health, especially in developing countries. In most countries, legislation recommends the study of coliforms to indicate the potability of water, however, this is not correlated with the presence of virus. The present review sought to characterize the epidemiological importance of waterborne viral diseases and the limitations of laboratorial detection and elimination of these pathogens. Besides, the state of art of virus as a tool to assess the quality of the water, as well as, the use of a single virus as the indicator of environmental contamination by virus itself are presented. Reports have demonstrated that some viruses are resistant to conventional water treatment process. Changes in water treatment policy should be achieved, and, should involve viral detection and resistance to physical and chemical agents, amongst other methods. However, we have to bear in mind that the decrease of waterborne infectious diseases is greatly dependent upon the improvement of sanitation, water treatment, together with preventive measures. All those measures together could ensure appropriate conditions for the promotion of human health and the reduction of environmental impacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.65","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-20DOI: 10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.66
Adriano José de Oliveira Soares, D. Martins, Adrya Lúcia Perez Bezerra de Medeiros, J. L. L. Filho, Rosângela Ferreira Frade de Araújo
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for developing cancers, among them cervical cancer, which is the second cancer responsible for female mortality. The polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is closely linked to an increased risk of cervical lesions and HPV infection. This enzyme is involved in phase II of xenobiotic metabolism, which can eliminate potential toxic carcinogenic compounds from the body. In this study, it was analysed the association between GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to HPV infection or development of cervical lesions. It was also analysed the correlation of these polymorphisms with external factors such as number of sexual partners, parity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Women who had more than one sexual partner presented 2.35 times more chances of being infected by HPV, but it could not be associated to the development of cervical lesions. However, more than three pregnancies leads to high risk (OR=3.2) of developing cervical lesions. Considering the genotypes analyzed in this study, only GSTT1 null showed significant influence on the risk of HPV infection among consumers of alcohol (OR=6.6) and none of them showed influence on the risk of developing cervical lesions (P <0.05). The study of other polymorphisms and expression of GST isoforms and enzymes that act in phase I of xenobiotics metabolism, for example, could lead to further clarification of the effect of oxidative stress on cellular susceptibility to HPV infection, since the results this research point to this interaction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.66
{"title":"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE GENOTYPES, HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CERVICAL INJURY IN OLINDA -PE","authors":"Adriano José de Oliveira Soares, D. Martins, Adrya Lúcia Perez Bezerra de Medeiros, J. L. L. Filho, Rosângela Ferreira Frade de Araújo","doi":"10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for developing cancers, among them cervical cancer, which is the second cancer responsible for female mortality. The polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is closely linked to an increased risk of cervical lesions and HPV infection. This enzyme is involved in phase II of xenobiotic metabolism, which can eliminate potential toxic carcinogenic compounds from the body. In this study, it was analysed the association between GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to HPV infection or development of cervical lesions. It was also analysed the correlation of these polymorphisms with external factors such as number of sexual partners, parity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Women who had more than one sexual partner presented 2.35 times more chances of being infected by HPV, but it could not be associated to the development of cervical lesions. However, more than three pregnancies leads to high risk (OR=3.2) of developing cervical lesions. Considering the genotypes analyzed in this study, only GSTT1 null showed significant influence on the risk of HPV infection among consumers of alcohol (OR=6.6) and none of them showed influence on the risk of developing cervical lesions (P <0.05). The study of other polymorphisms and expression of GST isoforms and enzymes that act in phase I of xenobiotics metabolism, for example, could lead to further clarification of the effect of oxidative stress on cellular susceptibility to HPV infection, since the results this research point to this interaction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v18i1-2.66","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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