Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.030
R. Kolluru, Suma M K, Manoranjan Mohapatra, Swati Das, Kamal Kumar Sen, A. Madhesia, Sunny Swaraj
Intestinal obstruction (IO) is a frequent cause of admission to the surgery and emergency departments. For the prevention of complications, such as ischemia and perforation, early recognition of IO is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) provides excellent details regarding cause, site & complications of IO and also helps in treatment planning.To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of CECT imaging in diagnosing IO and detecting complications. To correlate CECT findings with surgical or histopathological findings. A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India for a period of 2 years from September 2020 to September 2022. Fifty patients with suspected intestinal obstruction were evaluated, after obtaining informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Male predominance was seen in this study, males constituted 58% and females 42%. The commonest age group affected was 41-50 years .Small bowel obstruction (SBO) was much more prevalent than large bowel obstruction (LBO). The most common site of BO was ileum. The leading cause of SBO was adhesions and in LBO was bowel malignancy. IO is a fairly common presentation in clinical and radiological practice. There are various causes as well as mimickers of IO, which makes it a challenging task to accurately diagnose. CECT helps in treatment planning by providing information about bowel viability. We found it is extremely useful to include CECT study as a standard protocol in evaluation of patients presenting with bowel obstruction.
{"title":"Diagnostic performance of contrast enhanced computed tomography in intestinal obstruction","authors":"R. Kolluru, Suma M K, Manoranjan Mohapatra, Swati Das, Kamal Kumar Sen, A. Madhesia, Sunny Swaraj","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.030","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal obstruction (IO) is a frequent cause of admission to the surgery and emergency departments. For the prevention of complications, such as ischemia and perforation, early recognition of IO is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) provides excellent details regarding cause, site & complications of IO and also helps in treatment planning.To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of CECT imaging in diagnosing IO and detecting complications. To correlate CECT findings with surgical or histopathological findings. A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India for a period of 2 years from September 2020 to September 2022. Fifty patients with suspected intestinal obstruction were evaluated, after obtaining informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Male predominance was seen in this study, males constituted 58% and females 42%. The commonest age group affected was 41-50 years .Small bowel obstruction (SBO) was much more prevalent than large bowel obstruction (LBO). The most common site of BO was ileum. The leading cause of SBO was adhesions and in LBO was bowel malignancy. IO is a fairly common presentation in clinical and radiological practice. There are various causes as well as mimickers of IO, which makes it a challenging task to accurately diagnose. CECT helps in treatment planning by providing information about bowel viability. We found it is extremely useful to include CECT study as a standard protocol in evaluation of patients presenting with bowel obstruction.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"116 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.048
N. S J, Ramees M Sali, Varsha R Mokhasi
World Health Organization defines self-medication (SM) as the self-administration of a medication in the absence of a current prescription and/or without consulting a healthcare professional. Analgesics are the most commonly abused drug as a self-medication for relieving pain of any kind among the people. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of self- medication with analgesics and find the social factors associated among the rural people in Southern India. A community based cross sectional study using cluster sampling technique, four villages (clusters) were randomly selected in a rural District and among 460 respondents belonging to age group 18 to 60 years were interviewed. The mean age in years was 48.4 ± 15.5. About 182(39.6%) were illiterates and many respondents belonged to Agricultural laborers 350(76.1). Self-medication with analgesics is practiced by 24.8% of the respondents. Reason for self-medication was to reduce the out-of-pocket expenditure (72.4%). About 65.8% respondents purchased analgesics over the counter from pharmacy. The prevalence of self‑medication with analgesics was relatively high which is a threat for the community and can lead to multi organ damage to among rural people. Universal policy on drug selling over the pharmacy counter should be strictly implemented.
{"title":"Assessment of self-medication with analgesics among rural community of South India","authors":"N. S J, Ramees M Sali, Varsha R Mokhasi","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.048","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization defines self-medication (SM) as the self-administration of a medication in the absence of a current prescription and/or without consulting a healthcare professional. Analgesics are the most commonly abused drug as a self-medication for relieving pain of any kind among the people. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of self- medication with analgesics and find the social factors associated among the rural people in Southern India. A community based cross sectional study using cluster sampling technique, four villages (clusters) were randomly selected in a rural District and among 460 respondents belonging to age group 18 to 60 years were interviewed. The mean age in years was 48.4 ± 15.5. About 182(39.6%) were illiterates and many respondents belonged to Agricultural laborers 350(76.1). Self-medication with analgesics is practiced by 24.8% of the respondents. Reason for self-medication was to reduce the out-of-pocket expenditure (72.4%). About 65.8% respondents purchased analgesics over the counter from pharmacy. The prevalence of self‑medication with analgesics was relatively high which is a threat for the community and can lead to multi organ damage to among rural people. Universal policy on drug selling over the pharmacy counter should be strictly implemented.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.016
B. Karthikeyan, B. Rajesh, A. S. Mughilan, P. Anbukumar, Marwin Manoa Baylis
Serum lactate levels rise during Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) surgery for a variety of reasons, including peripheral circulatory failure, haemodilution, or excessive use of inotropic agents. Additionally, it has been reported that elevated serum lactate levels during the perioperative period are strongly associated with the worst postoperative outcomes, including mortality.To find out the beneficial effects of an oxygen blender during cardiopulmonary bypass in reducing lactate levels in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.This Prospective comparative study was done on 150 patients who underwent open-heart surgeries. Patients were divided into group A-75 patients: with direct oxygen flow without oxygen blender, group B- 75 patients: with oxygen blender. The serum lactate levels during CPB, postoperative levels and outcomes were monitored and both the groups were compared.Average FIO2 of 38 % was enough to maintain PO2 of 168 mm Hg by using the oxygen blender with the flow rates. Group A showed severe hyperoxemia (p-value <0.0001) and hypocarbia, resulting in severe respiratory alkalosis during CPB and severe acidosis in the immediate postoperative period in most of the cases. Group B showed a significant reduction in the serum lactate value at CPB one hour with 3.1 mmol/l reductions, 3.8 mmol/L reductions at 2 hours and 4.4 mmol/L reductions at ICU arrival (p-value <0.0001).Serum lactate values reduced significantly in the patients with oxygen blender. Study proved that application of an oxygen blender during CPB improved the postoperative results following open-heart surgeries. The researchers conclude that using an oxygen mask was beneficial.
{"title":"Study the beneficial effects of oxygen blender during cardiopulmonary bypass in reducing lactate levels in patients undergoing open-heart surgery","authors":"B. Karthikeyan, B. Rajesh, A. S. Mughilan, P. Anbukumar, Marwin Manoa Baylis","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Serum lactate levels rise during Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) surgery for a variety of reasons, including peripheral circulatory failure, haemodilution, or excessive use of inotropic agents. Additionally, it has been reported that elevated serum lactate levels during the perioperative period are strongly associated with the worst postoperative outcomes, including mortality.To find out the beneficial effects of an oxygen blender during cardiopulmonary bypass in reducing lactate levels in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.This Prospective comparative study was done on 150 patients who underwent open-heart surgeries. Patients were divided into group A-75 patients: with direct oxygen flow without oxygen blender, group B- 75 patients: with oxygen blender. The serum lactate levels during CPB, postoperative levels and outcomes were monitored and both the groups were compared.Average FIO2 of 38 % was enough to maintain PO2 of 168 mm Hg by using the oxygen blender with the flow rates. Group A showed severe hyperoxemia (p-value <0.0001) and hypocarbia, resulting in severe respiratory alkalosis during CPB and severe acidosis in the immediate postoperative period in most of the cases. Group B showed a significant reduction in the serum lactate value at CPB one hour with 3.1 mmol/l reductions, 3.8 mmol/L reductions at 2 hours and 4.4 mmol/L reductions at ICU arrival (p-value <0.0001).Serum lactate values reduced significantly in the patients with oxygen blender. Study proved that application of an oxygen blender during CPB improved the postoperative results following open-heart surgeries. The researchers conclude that using an oxygen mask was beneficial.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"4 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.044
Rashmita Pradhan, Subhasish Singh, Rajlaxmi Upadhyay, Nipa Singh, Bandana Ratha
Aim of the study wasto evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Aqueous extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar albino rats using humoral immune response (antibody titre), a cellular immune response, and a neutrophil adhesion test after oral administration. : 24 healthy Wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into 4 different groups containing 6 rats for each immunomodulatory model. Group I ,the control group received gum acacia suspended in normal saline; Group II rats were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg bw)whereas Groups III & IV received AloeVera aqueous extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Each rat was antigenically challenged by injecting 0.1 ml of 0.5 × 10 SRBCs (suspended in normal saline) intraperitoneally. The study of humoral immune response was seen by measurement of antibody titre obtained on 20 day (7 day of Ag challenge) and 27 day (14 day of challenge) with sRBC considered the primary and secondary humoral immune response, respectively. For the cellular immune response, foot pad edema was calculated due to a hypersensitivity reaction after injection of sRBC into the .rat hind paw. A test of neutrophil adhesion is used to evaluate immunomodulatory activity. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at 250 mg/kg significantly improved a significant increase in paw edema volume indicated increased cell-mediated immunity, and elevated Ab titre on the 20th and 27th days served as a marker of increased humoral immune response. Additionally, AVE 250 mg/kg caused an increase in neutrophil adhesion, demonstrating its immunomodulatory effects. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg demonstrated immunomodulatory activity in a model using Wistar albino rats.Aloe vera extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly increased hemagglutination antibody titers compared to the control group, indicating enhanced humoral immunity. This study demonstrates the immunostimulant properties of orally administered Aloe vera aqueous extract in Wistar albino rats. The extract increased antibody production, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and improved neutrophil function. These findings support the potential of Aloe vera as a natural immunomodulator and warrant further exploration of its therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of aqueous extract of aloe vera in Wistar albino rat models","authors":"Rashmita Pradhan, Subhasish Singh, Rajlaxmi Upadhyay, Nipa Singh, Bandana Ratha","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.044","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study wasto evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Aqueous extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar albino rats using humoral immune response (antibody titre), a cellular immune response, and a neutrophil adhesion test after oral administration. : 24 healthy Wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into 4 different groups containing 6 rats for each immunomodulatory model. Group I ,the control group received gum acacia suspended in normal saline; Group II rats were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg bw)whereas Groups III & IV received AloeVera aqueous extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Each rat was antigenically challenged by injecting 0.1 ml of 0.5 × 10 SRBCs (suspended in normal saline) intraperitoneally. The study of humoral immune response was seen by measurement of antibody titre obtained on 20 day (7 day of Ag challenge) and 27 day (14 day of challenge) with sRBC considered the primary and secondary humoral immune response, respectively. For the cellular immune response, foot pad edema was calculated due to a hypersensitivity reaction after injection of sRBC into the .rat hind paw. A test of neutrophil adhesion is used to evaluate immunomodulatory activity. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at 250 mg/kg significantly improved a significant increase in paw edema volume indicated increased cell-mediated immunity, and elevated Ab titre on the 20th and 27th days served as a marker of increased humoral immune response. Additionally, AVE 250 mg/kg caused an increase in neutrophil adhesion, demonstrating its immunomodulatory effects. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg demonstrated immunomodulatory activity in a model using Wistar albino rats.Aloe vera extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly increased hemagglutination antibody titers compared to the control group, indicating enhanced humoral immunity. This study demonstrates the immunostimulant properties of orally administered Aloe vera aqueous extract in Wistar albino rats. The extract increased antibody production, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and improved neutrophil function. These findings support the potential of Aloe vera as a natural immunomodulator and warrant further exploration of its therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.051
Jagadevi, B. S. Priya, Sudhindra K S, Shubha Ds, Sumanta A
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by bite of larval trombiculid mite of the Leptotrombidium genus and is a vector borne zoonotic disease. It has been predominantly reported from Southeast Asia, the Asian Pacific Rim, and Australia. The incidence of this disease is increased in India. These patients show an acute undifferentiated febrile illness and laboratory confirmation is essential. Delay in diagnosis may be fatal. : To assess the Scrub typhus burden among acute febrile illness patients. This Cross-sectional study, conducted in Dept. of Microbiology, Basaveshwara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India. Study duration was from August 2020 to January 2021. In this study, a total of 100 febrile illness patients were involved. Among them, 66 were males and 34 females. Under aseptic conditions, venous blood samples were collected from all subjects. Serum was separated by centrifugation, aliquoted, and stored at −20°C for further testing. The serum sample was tested for scrub typhus IgM ELISA using the INBIOS kit. Samples were also checked for dengue fever, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, and malaria. The serum samples that tested positive for any other infectious disease mentioned above (with or without detectable rickettsial antibodies) were excluded from the study. Data was represented in numbers and percentages. : In this study, out of 100 samples 30 were seropositive. Of the 30 seropositive scrub typhus cases, women were 11 (37%) and men were 19 (63%), suggesting that seropositivity was more in men than women. Among the seropositive cases, maximum number of the cases were in 16-30 years (33%) of age, followed by 31–45 years (23%). In this study, more number of positive cases 17 (56.6%) were found during the post-monsoon season i.e., October and November 2020. Fever, the most common symptom (100%). Headache, reported in (70 %) of cases, myalgia (40%), abdominal pain (37%), cough (23%), vomiting (20%), lymphadenopathy (17%), rashes (13%), hepato-spleenomegaly (10%), eschar (3%). The study results may conclude that Scrub typhus seropositivity rate was higher in males than females and also to be included in differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.
{"title":"Scrub typhus among patients with acute febrile illness in a tertiary health care centre","authors":"Jagadevi, B. S. Priya, Sudhindra K S, Shubha Ds, Sumanta A","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.051","url":null,"abstract":"Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by bite of larval trombiculid mite of the Leptotrombidium genus and is a vector borne zoonotic disease. It has been predominantly reported from Southeast Asia, the Asian Pacific Rim, and Australia. The incidence of this disease is increased in India. These patients show an acute undifferentiated febrile illness and laboratory confirmation is essential. Delay in diagnosis may be fatal. : To assess the Scrub typhus burden among acute febrile illness patients. This Cross-sectional study, conducted in Dept. of Microbiology, Basaveshwara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India. Study duration was from August 2020 to January 2021. In this study, a total of 100 febrile illness patients were involved. Among them, 66 were males and 34 females. Under aseptic conditions, venous blood samples were collected from all subjects. Serum was separated by centrifugation, aliquoted, and stored at −20°C for further testing. The serum sample was tested for scrub typhus IgM ELISA using the INBIOS kit. Samples were also checked for dengue fever, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, and malaria. The serum samples that tested positive for any other infectious disease mentioned above (with or without detectable rickettsial antibodies) were excluded from the study. Data was represented in numbers and percentages. : In this study, out of 100 samples 30 were seropositive. Of the 30 seropositive scrub typhus cases, women were 11 (37%) and men were 19 (63%), suggesting that seropositivity was more in men than women. Among the seropositive cases, maximum number of the cases were in 16-30 years (33%) of age, followed by 31–45 years (23%). In this study, more number of positive cases 17 (56.6%) were found during the post-monsoon season i.e., October and November 2020. Fever, the most common symptom (100%). Headache, reported in (70 %) of cases, myalgia (40%), abdominal pain (37%), cough (23%), vomiting (20%), lymphadenopathy (17%), rashes (13%), hepato-spleenomegaly (10%), eschar (3%). The study results may conclude that Scrub typhus seropositivity rate was higher in males than females and also to be included in differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FNAC is an outpatient procedure and has gained importance in mass screening programs. Staining procedure like MGG and Pap is time-consuming and needs trained persons. So there is a need for a staining procedure that is quick and easy to do. In this regard, LG cocktail has been suggested in many kinds of literature. LG cocktail is a combination of both Leishman and Giemsa stains, which has the advantage of both stains. This is a prospective study at department of pathology, VSSIMSAR Burla. A total of 153 cases were studied from the cytology section. The slides were simultaneously stained with MGG and LG cocktail. The slides were viewed and scored independently by different pathologists. Quality Index (QI) was calculated by dividing this score by the maximum score possible. Quality index of LG cocktail stain is 0.77 compared to MGG Quality Index 0.61. LG cocktail is better than MGG Stain overall staining quality, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, and staining of background material. LG cocktail has better QI than MGG stain. Thus the use of LG cocktail in cytological staining may increase the overall efficacy by saving time and decreasing the manpower need. These two advantages can help us in mass screening programs and its use in the crowded out-patient department.
FNAC 是一种门诊程序，在大规模筛查计划中越来越重要。像 MGG 和 Pap 这样的染色程序既耗时又需要训练有素的人员。因此，需要一种快速、简便的染色方法。在这方面，许多文献都建议使用 LG 鸡尾酒。LG 鸡尾酒是利什曼染色法和吉氏染色法的结合，具有两种染色法的优点。这是 VSSIMSAR Burla 病理科的一项前瞻性研究。共研究了细胞学部门的 153 个病例。切片同时用 MGG 和 LG 鸡尾酒染色。切片由不同的病理学家独立观察和评分。质量指数（QI）的计算方法是将这一分数除以可能的最高分。LG 鸡尾酒染色的质量指数为 0.77，而 MGG 的质量指数为 0.61。LG 鸡尾酒染色法在整体染色质量、细胞质和细胞核染色以及背景物质染色方面均优于 MGG 染色法。LG 鸡尾酒的质量指数优于 MGG 染色法。因此，在细胞学染色中使用 LG 鸡尾酒可节省时间，减少人力需求，从而提高整体效果。这两个优点可以帮助我们开展大规模筛查计划，并在拥挤的门诊部使用。
{"title":"Leishman-giemsa cocktail, effective stain in air dried smear- An institutional study","authors":"Sagarika Panda, Alaka Sahu, Radhamohan Gharei, Tapas Ranjan Mishra, Chittaranjan Panda","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"FNAC is an outpatient procedure and has gained importance in mass screening programs. Staining procedure like MGG and Pap is time-consuming and needs trained persons. So there is a need for a staining procedure that is quick and easy to do. In this regard, LG cocktail has been suggested in many kinds of literature. LG cocktail is a combination of both Leishman and Giemsa stains, which has the advantage of both stains. This is a prospective study at department of pathology, VSSIMSAR Burla. A total of 153 cases were studied from the cytology section. The slides were simultaneously stained with MGG and LG cocktail. The slides were viewed and scored independently by different pathologists. Quality Index (QI) was calculated by dividing this score by the maximum score possible. Quality index of LG cocktail stain is 0.77 compared to MGG Quality Index 0.61. LG cocktail is better than MGG Stain overall staining quality, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, and staining of background material. LG cocktail has better QI than MGG stain. Thus the use of LG cocktail in cytological staining may increase the overall efficacy by saving time and decreasing the manpower need. These two advantages can help us in mass screening programs and its use in the crowded out-patient department.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"17 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure blood safety in blood transfusion service, the practice of donor screening, donor notification and counselling is essential. The aim of the study was to analyse the response rate of notified reactive donors to counselling and to see the impact of donor notification on reactive donors. A observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood centre of department of Transfusion Medicine, MKCG Medical College and Hospital Berhampur, Odisha during the time period from January 2022 to December 2022. Data was collected from reactive blood donor counselling register. Sero-reactive donors were contacted telephonically. Those who turned up into blood centre were counselled again and referred to appropriate centre for further management. The statistical analysis was done using percentages based on descriptive analysis.Out of total 32700 donations over a period of one year, 726 (2.22%) were reactive donors. Out of the total 726 donors, 496 (68.31%) donors could be notified telephonically, rest 230 could not be notified due to several reasons. Out of 496, 352(48.48%) were responders, who were counselled and referred to higher centres for further management. The response rate was 48.48%. Only 24 sero-reactive donors could be followed up. Pre-donation counselling, appropriate TTI screening test, donor notification and post donation counselling all together form a vital link between blood donors and blood safety, however the gap still exists.
{"title":"Donor notification and impact of counselling of reactive blood donors in the blood centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Odisha in eastern India","authors":"Rajlaxmi Upadhyay, Sabita Palai, Pooja Misra, Santosh Kumar Swain","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure blood safety in blood transfusion service, the practice of donor screening, donor notification and counselling is essential. The aim of the study was to analyse the response rate of notified reactive donors to counselling and to see the impact of donor notification on reactive donors. A observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood centre of department of Transfusion Medicine, MKCG Medical College and Hospital Berhampur, Odisha during the time period from January 2022 to December 2022. Data was collected from reactive blood donor counselling register. Sero-reactive donors were contacted telephonically. Those who turned up into blood centre were counselled again and referred to appropriate centre for further management. The statistical analysis was done using percentages based on descriptive analysis.Out of total 32700 donations over a period of one year, 726 (2.22%) were reactive donors. Out of the total 726 donors, 496 (68.31%) donors could be notified telephonically, rest 230 could not be notified due to several reasons. Out of 496, 352(48.48%) were responders, who were counselled and referred to higher centres for further management. The response rate was 48.48%. Only 24 sero-reactive donors could be followed up. Pre-donation counselling, appropriate TTI screening test, donor notification and post donation counselling all together form a vital link between blood donors and blood safety, however the gap still exists.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.036
A. Gautam, Prashant Yadav, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Adesh Kumar, Shashank Kumar Rai, Naresh Pal Singh
The effectiveness of shorter regimen for the treatment of MDR-TB patients was found in the study done by Damien Foundation in Bangladesh, therefore we planned to study the profile MDR-TB patients who were taking shorter regimen so that various factors can be explored related to this regimen in Indian scenario.This was a prospective longitudinal study done in respiratory medicine department between January 2020 to December 2021. There were 177 patients of MDR/ RR pulmonary TB were identified and as per inclusion criteria and based on exclusion criteria 84 patients were excluded therefore our study population comprised of 93 remaining patients those who filled the study protocol, their treatment (Injectable shorter regimen ) and follow up investigations done as per programmatic management of drug resistant TB guideline of National TB elimination programme. There were 55(59%) males and 38(41%) were females and mean age of patient was 31±15.11 years (range 4-82 years). Out of 93 patients 27(29%) were smokers and 25(27%) were alcoholics and the most common symptom was fever 92(98.9%). The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus 11(11.9%). The most common minor side effect seen was GI intolerance in 41(44.1%) patients.Out of 93 patients 76.3% (71) were cured and 23.7% (22) patients were failed to cure. The association between smoking and treatment outcome was statistically significant (p value=0.013). The association between treatment outcome and previous history of adequate treatment was found to be significant (p=0.016).
{"title":"To study the profile of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) TB patients on shorter regimen at a tertiary care Centre of North India","authors":"A. Gautam, Prashant Yadav, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Adesh Kumar, Shashank Kumar Rai, Naresh Pal Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.036","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of shorter regimen for the treatment of MDR-TB patients was found in the study done by Damien Foundation in Bangladesh, therefore we planned to study the profile MDR-TB patients who were taking shorter regimen so that various factors can be explored related to this regimen in Indian scenario.This was a prospective longitudinal study done in respiratory medicine department between January 2020 to December 2021. There were 177 patients of MDR/ RR pulmonary TB were identified and as per inclusion criteria and based on exclusion criteria 84 patients were excluded therefore our study population comprised of 93 remaining patients those who filled the study protocol, their treatment (Injectable shorter regimen ) and follow up investigations done as per programmatic management of drug resistant TB guideline of National TB elimination programme. There were 55(59%) males and 38(41%) were females and mean age of patient was 31±15.11 years (range 4-82 years). Out of 93 patients 27(29%) were smokers and 25(27%) were alcoholics and the most common symptom was fever 92(98.9%). The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus 11(11.9%). The most common minor side effect seen was GI intolerance in 41(44.1%) patients.Out of 93 patients 76.3% (71) were cured and 23.7% (22) patients were failed to cure. The association between smoking and treatment outcome was statistically significant (p value=0.013). The association between treatment outcome and previous history of adequate treatment was found to be significant (p=0.016).","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.037
Hareesh Sanikam, Rajashekhar B Kenganal, Basavaraj, Anjana Mavinahalli
Among the common childhood illnesses, pneumonia is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children throughout the world. Approximately, 150 million episodes of childhood pneumonia are reported every year, out of which 95% are from developing countries. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors like overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, practice of bottle feeding etc., contribute to the significant rise in incidence of pneumonia during recent years. The known factors affecting mortality are malnutrition, inadequate vaccination, illiteracy and lack of exclusive breast feeding.Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent Pediatric infections, and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children all over the world. Every year, approximately 150 million cases of childhood pneumonia are reported, with 95 percent of cases coming from underdeveloped nations. Furthermore, socioeconomic and environmental variables like as overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, and the practice of bottle feeding, among others, have contributed to the large increase in pneumonia incidence in recent years. Malnutrition, inadequate immunization, illiteracy, and a lack of exclusive breast feeding are all documented variables that contribute to mortality.A total of 120 children in the age group of 2 months to 5 years, diagnosed with Pneumonia as per standard definition were enrolled in the study. Detailed history was taken including socio demographic factors and physical examination was done in all children. Appropriate investigations were done. : Children aged between 2 and 12 months constituted 60% of cases. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. 27.5% children had low birth weight, 63.3% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months of age. Severe and very severe pneumonia was seen in 90% of children between age group 2 months and 2 years, 63.6% with low birth weight, and 66.6% with partial immunization status. Significant association was found between early weaning and severity of pneumonia (45.45% vs 26.3%).Children less than 2 years are more prone for developing pneumonia. Low birth weight, partial immunization status of the children, early weaning, history of bottle feeding, lower socioeconomic status, overcrowding, malnutrition and lack of maternal literacy were shown to have an increased risk for severe and very severe pneumonia in children. As most of the above stated factors are modifiable, the implementation of various preventive and educational programs in our society has a likelihood to reduce the occurrence and severity of pneumonia in children
{"title":"Clinical and socio-demographic profile of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years","authors":"Hareesh Sanikam, Rajashekhar B Kenganal, Basavaraj, Anjana Mavinahalli","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.037","url":null,"abstract":"Among the common childhood illnesses, pneumonia is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children throughout the world. Approximately, 150 million episodes of childhood pneumonia are reported every year, out of which 95% are from developing countries. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors like overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, practice of bottle feeding etc., contribute to the significant rise in incidence of pneumonia during recent years. The known factors affecting mortality are malnutrition, inadequate vaccination, illiteracy and lack of exclusive breast feeding.Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent Pediatric infections, and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children all over the world. Every year, approximately 150 million cases of childhood pneumonia are reported, with 95 percent of cases coming from underdeveloped nations. Furthermore, socioeconomic and environmental variables like as overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, and the practice of bottle feeding, among others, have contributed to the large increase in pneumonia incidence in recent years. Malnutrition, inadequate immunization, illiteracy, and a lack of exclusive breast feeding are all documented variables that contribute to mortality.A total of 120 children in the age group of 2 months to 5 years, diagnosed with Pneumonia as per standard definition were enrolled in the study. Detailed history was taken including socio demographic factors and physical examination was done in all children. Appropriate investigations were done. : Children aged between 2 and 12 months constituted 60% of cases. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. 27.5% children had low birth weight, 63.3% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months of age. Severe and very severe pneumonia was seen in 90% of children between age group 2 months and 2 years, 63.6% with low birth weight, and 66.6% with partial immunization status. Significant association was found between early weaning and severity of pneumonia (45.45% vs 26.3%).Children less than 2 years are more prone for developing pneumonia. Low birth weight, partial immunization status of the children, early weaning, history of bottle feeding, lower socioeconomic status, overcrowding, malnutrition and lack of maternal literacy were shown to have an increased risk for severe and very severe pneumonia in children. As most of the above stated factors are modifiable, the implementation of various preventive and educational programs in our society has a likelihood to reduce the occurrence and severity of pneumonia in children","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"117 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.pjms.2024.038
Anuja Bhargava, Saloni Singh, S. Faiz, R. K. Gupta, Sonal Srivastava, Himanshu Sharma
: To evaluate the changes in HRCT temporal bone in patients having Chronic otitis media - squamosal type.: A total of 60 patients diagnosed as having squamosal type chronic otitis media were assessed on the basis of clinical history, examination under microscope and otoscopic examination findings. An HRCT was performed to examine the location and size of the cholesteatoma, the progression of the pathology in the middle ear and antrum, the status of the ossicular chains, the scutum, the health of the facial nerve, the tegmen plate, and the progression of diseases outside the middle ear.: Of 60 patients, males were more commonly affected with decreased hearing sensitivity being the most common complaint. Ossicular erosion was the commonest finding in HRCT temporal bone. HRCT helps in assessing the changes in temporal bone in patients of Chronic Otitis Media Squamosal and correlating them with clinical findings.HRCT Temporal bone is a common modality available in diagnosing and knowing the extent of the disease, and can inform the clinician of its extent, severity, and associated pathologies.
{"title":"Evaluation of changes in High Resolution Computed Tomography temporal bone in patients of chronic otitis media - Squamosal type","authors":"Anuja Bhargava, Saloni Singh, S. Faiz, R. K. Gupta, Sonal Srivastava, Himanshu Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.pjms.2024.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.038","url":null,"abstract":": To evaluate the changes in HRCT temporal bone in patients having Chronic otitis media - squamosal type.: A total of 60 patients diagnosed as having squamosal type chronic otitis media were assessed on the basis of clinical history, examination under microscope and otoscopic examination findings. An HRCT was performed to examine the location and size of the cholesteatoma, the progression of the pathology in the middle ear and antrum, the status of the ossicular chains, the scutum, the health of the facial nerve, the tegmen plate, and the progression of diseases outside the middle ear.: Of 60 patients, males were more commonly affected with decreased hearing sensitivity being the most common complaint. Ossicular erosion was the commonest finding in HRCT temporal bone. HRCT helps in assessing the changes in temporal bone in patients of Chronic Otitis Media Squamosal and correlating them with clinical findings.HRCT Temporal bone is a common modality available in diagnosing and knowing the extent of the disease, and can inform the clinician of its extent, severity, and associated pathologies.","PeriodicalId":30643,"journal":{"name":"PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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