Energy Storage Materials最新文献_第5页

Conjugated functional groups engineer buckled interfacial electric field for dendrite-free Zn deposition in fiber Zn-air batteries 共轭官能团工程师屈曲界面电场用于光纤锌空气电池中无枝晶锌沉积

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104988

Ying Hui Li , Qiang Qiang Zhang , Bu Guang Zhou, Wei Ding, Xin Yue Guo, Yu Xin Tang, Li Ming Wang, Dong Xiao Ji, Xiao Hong Qin

Fiber zinc–air batteries (FZABs) have emerged as promising power sources for wearable and portable electronics. However, their practical deployment remains limited by persistent anode instability caused by dendrite formation, which hampers further technological advancement. Here, we address this challenge by engineering an even interfacial electric field through the modification of electronically conjugated functional groups in both the fibrous zinc anode and gel electrolyte. This interfacial field is constructed between a positively charged -NH₂-functionalized conductive fibrous zinc anode and a negatively charged -COOH-rich gel electrolyte, which promotes uniform Zn²⁺ flux across the curved fiber surfaces and effectively suppresses dendrite formation. Concurrently, the -COOH-functionalized gel electrolyte enhances the water retention capability of the system. These synergistic effects enable symmetric Zn//Zn cells to achieve stable operation for 280 h at 0.5 mA cm^-2. Notably, the FZABs based on this design exhibit an extended cycling life of 55 h at 0.5 mA cm^-2 while maintaining a high energy efficiency of 90%, ranking among the top performance metrics reported for flexible FZABs to date. Furthermore, by seamlessly integrating with conventional textiles, this battery demonstrates its applicability in powering a flexible fiber-based sweat glucose monitoring system, thereby establishing a new paradigm for wearable power sources.

光纤锌空气电池（FZABs）已成为可穿戴和便携式电子产品的有前途的电源。然而，由于枝晶形成引起的持续阳极不稳定，限制了它们的实际应用，从而阻碍了技术的进一步发展。在这里，我们通过在纤维锌阳极和凝胶电解质中修饰电子共轭官能团来设计均匀的界面电场来解决这一挑战。该界面场在带正电荷的- nh2功能化导电纤维锌阳极和带负电荷的- cooh富凝胶电解质之间构建，促进了Zn2+在弯曲纤维表面的均匀通量，并有效抑制了枝晶的形成。同时，- cooh功能化的凝胶电解质增强了体系的保水能力。这些协同效应使对称Zn//Zn电池在0.5 mA cm-2下稳定运行280小时。值得注意的是，基于这种设计的FZABs在0.5 mA cm-2下的循环寿命延长了55小时，同时保持了90%的高能效，是迄今为止柔性FZABs的最佳性能指标之一。此外，通过与传统纺织品无缝集成，这种电池证明了它在为柔性纤维汗液葡萄糖监测系统供电方面的适用性，从而为可穿戴电源建立了一个新的范例。

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引用次数: 0

Enabling ultra-high-loading LiFePO4 cathodes via a conductive binder architecture with minimized inactive content 通过最小化非活性含量的导电粘结剂结构实现超高负载LiFePO4阴极

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104987

Eun Hwan Noh , Seongeun Oh , Hyeri Kang , Miseung Kim , Jee Ho Ha , Ho-Jeong Ji , Won-Jin Kwak , Eunji Lee , Se Hun Joo , Seok Ju Kang

Achieving ultra-high active material loading in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP) cathodes is essential for enhancing the performance of LFP-based lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional cathodes typically contain around 20% inactive binders and conductive additives. Here, we present a bifunctional binder composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to provide strong adhesion, thermal stability, and high electronic conductivity while minimizing inactive content. By optimizing the PEDOT:PSS/PEG ratio, LFP cathodes with 4 wt% binder reach 96% active material loading, delivering a specific capacity of ∼160 mAh g⁻¹ and excellent rate performance (∼106 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C). Incorporating SWCNTs enables further reduction of binder content to 2 wt% while maintaining robust cohesion and high conductivity, resulting in strong rate capability of ∼131 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C and stable cycling over 1000 cycles. Even electrodes with 99% active material operate reliably on a graphite-coated Al current collector, achieving ∼132 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C and ∼3.5 mAh cm⁻² areal capacity. Furthermore, full-cell evaluations with graphite anodes confirm the practical applicability of this binder system, achieving ∼125 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C and long-term cycling stability even at 60 °C.

在磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄，LFP）阴极中实现超高活性物质负载对于提高LFP基锂离子电池的性能至关重要。然而，传统的阴极通常含有约20%的非活性粘合剂和导电添加剂。在这里，我们提出了一种双功能粘合剂，由聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）和聚乙二醇（PEG）组成，用单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）增强，以提供强附着力、热稳定性和高电子导电性，同时最大限度地减少非活性含量。通过优化PEDOT:PSS/PEG比率，4 wt%粘合剂的LFP阴极达到96%的活性物质负载，提供约160 mAh g⁻¹的比容量和出色的速率性能（8℃时约106 mAh g⁻¹）。加入SWCNTs可以进一步将粘合剂含量降低到2 wt%，同时保持强大的凝聚力和高导电性，从而在8℃时产生强大的速率能力- 131 mAh g⁻¹，并在1000次循环中稳定循环。即使是含有99%活性材料的电极，在石墨涂层的铝集流器上也能可靠地工作，在8℃时达到~ 132 mAh g⁻¹和~ 3.5 mAh cm⁻²的面积容量。此外，石墨阳极的全电池评估证实了这种粘合剂系统的实际适用性，在8℃下可以达到~ 125 mAh g⁻¹，即使在60℃下也可以长期循环稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Polymer dielectrics with customized substituent for high temperature capacitive energy storage 具有定制取代基的高温电容储能聚合物介电材料

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104945

Chunhui Bi , Congzhen Xie , Qingyu Wang , Daoming Zhang , An Zhong , Hangchuan Cai , Yongxia Han , Jing Fu , Qi Li , Rui Wang

The growing demand for mainstream dielectric energy storage technologies requires dielectric polymers capable of stable operation at high temperature, which is limited by the inherent contradiction between thermal resistance and high-temperature insulation. While structural optimization of the main-chain can mitigate the trade-off, it nevertheless fails to disentangle the contradiction. Herein, we report a puzzle-like molecular design that assembles specific substituents on the original polymer backbone. We found that the structure and bonding sites of the substituents have a significant impact on their steric hindrance and electron-withdrawing effect, which is related to the electrical and thermal properties of polymers. Consequently, the optimal structure, by means of maintaining the polymer backbone, decouples the pending contradictions, and thus achieves excellent high-temperature capacitive performance, i.e., at 150 and 200°C, the discharged energy density exceeded 6.33 and 5.42 J cm⁻³ respectively, with the efficiency above 90%. This polymer design strategy has universality and is also applicable to other material fields, such as packaging dielectrics.

主流介质储能技术的需求日益增长，要求介质聚合物能够在高温下稳定工作，这受到热阻和高温绝缘的固有矛盾的限制。虽然主链的结构优化可以缓解这种权衡，但却无法解决这种矛盾。在此，我们报告了一种谜题式的分子设计，将特定的取代基组装在原始聚合物主链上。我们发现取代基的结构和成键位置对它们的位阻和吸电子效应有显著影响，这与聚合物的电学和热性能有关。因此，最优结构通过保持聚合物骨架，解耦了未解决的矛盾，从而实现了优异的高温电容性能，即在150°C和200°C时，放电能量密度分别超过6.33和5.42 J cm−3，效率超过90%。这种聚合物设计策略具有通用性，也适用于其他材料领域，如封装电介质。

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引用次数: 0

Flash joule heating driven in-situ dispersoid synthesis: Mechanical-interfacial-conductive coupling mechanisms in silicon-based anodes 闪蒸焦耳加热驱动原位分散体合成：硅基阳极的机械-界面-导电耦合机制

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104956

D.R. Lan, P.Y. Ou, S.Q. Pei, K.J. Liu, C.C. Li, M.C. Zhang, Y.X. Liu, S.N. He, L.N. She, Y.X. Yang, W.B. Du, H.G. Pan

Silicon (Si)-based anode materials are considered the most promising next-generation anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nonetheless, in practical applications, Si anodes have encountered numerous challenges. A homogeneous silicon carbide (SiC) dispersoid was synthesized within the Si-based alloy using vacuum melting, sand milling, and Flash joule heating procedures. The integration of SiC facilitates the simultaneous resolution of key issues: low intrinsic conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and significant volume expansion, which is accomplished by creating a swift and uniform charge-transport network, enhancing interfacial kinetics, and bolstering the mechanical integrity of the electrode, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of a highly conductive network formed by the in-situ generated defective SiC and the metallic phases (Sn/Bi), SiC's advantageous interfacial characteristics, exceptional mechanical strength, and dispersion strengthening effect. The half-cell exhibits an impressive capacity of 1881.69 mAh g⁻¹ and maintains steady cycling for 400 cycles at a current density of 1.5 A g⁻¹. The full cell utilizing Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂, demonstrates a capacity of 251.71 mAh g⁻¹ following 80 cycles at 0.33 A g⁻¹. Meanwhile, excellent cycling stability is attained in all-solid-state batteries, delivering a capacity retention of 81.1% over 150 cycles. This work introduces an innovative triple synergistic mechanism that significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes, facilitating their efficient manufacture and offering important insights for future investigations.

硅基负极材料被认为是最有前途的下一代锂离子电池负极材料。然而，在实际应用中，硅阳极遇到了许多挑战。采用真空熔炼、砂磨和闪速焦耳加热工艺，在硅基合金中合成了均匀的碳化硅分散体。SiC的集成有助于同时解决关键问题：低固有电导率，不稳定的固体电解质界面相（SEI），以及显著的体积膨胀，这是通过创建快速均匀的电荷传输网络来实现的，增强了界面动力学，增强了电极的机械完整性，这是由于原位生成的缺陷SiC和金属相（Sn/Bi）形成的高导电性网络的协同作用，SiC的有利界面特性。优异的机械强度和分散强化效果。该半电池的容量为1881.69 mAh g−1，在电流密度为1.5 a g−1的情况下可稳定循环400次。使用Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2的完整电池在0.33 a g - 1下循环80次后的容量为251.71 mAh g - 1。同时，在全固态电池中获得了出色的循环稳定性，在150次循环中提供81.1%的容量保持率。这项工作引入了一种创新的三重协同机制，显著提高了硅基阳极的电化学性能，促进了它们的高效制造，并为未来的研究提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Emerging of dual-atom electrocatalysts advancing lithium-sulfur batteries: recent advances, challenges and perspectives 推进锂硫电池的双原子电催化剂的出现：最新进展、挑战和展望

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104965

Xuting Li , Zhenxiang Zhao , Shuheng Yuan , Junhao Cheng , Wenshuo Hou , Linrui Hou , Fengwei Liu , Changzhou Yuan

The practical implementation of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high energy density and low cost faces significant challenges stemming from the inherent sluggish redox kinetics and inefficient conversion reactions of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Recent breakthroughs in dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have opened new avenues for addressing these limitations, as these materials exhibit uniquely tailored electronic configurations, pronounced synergistic effects between active sites, and unparalleled atomic utilization efficiency. This comprehensive review critically examines the latest advancements in DACs applications for Li-S batteries, with particular emphasis on their multifunctional roles in LiPSs adsorption/conversion, shuttle mitigation and Li⁺ deposition. Through meticulous engineering of coordination environments, spatial distributions of active centers, and substrate structures, DACs verify extraordinary capabilities in accelerating sulfur conversion kinetics, facilitating charge transfer processes, and enhancing long-term cycling stability. Combining state-of-the-art theoretical calculation with characterization techniques, the discussion further unravels the fundamental catalytic mechanisms of DACs under extreme operating conditions. Finally, the review concludes by identifying existing challenges and future research directions. Most importantly, by establishing clear structure-performance correlations and synthesizing latest developments in DACs frontier, the contribution not only provides actionable guidelines for catalyst design but lays a theoretical foundation for rational development of advanced energy storage technologies.

由于锂多硫化物（LiPSs）固有的氧化还原动力学缓慢和转化反应效率低下，实现高能量密度、低成本的锂硫（Li-S）电池的实际实施面临着重大挑战。双原子催化剂（dac）的最新突破为解决这些限制开辟了新的途径，因为这些材料具有独特的定制电子结构，活性位点之间显着的协同效应，以及无与伦比的原子利用效率。本文全面回顾了DACs在Li- s电池中的最新应用进展，特别强调了它们在lips吸附/转化、穿梭减缓和Li+沉积方面的多功能作用。通过对配合环境、活性中心空间分布和底物结构的细致工程设计，dac在加速硫转化动力学、促进电荷转移过程和增强长期循环稳定性方面具有非凡的能力。结合最先进的理论计算和表征技术，讨论进一步揭示了DACs在极端操作条件下的基本催化机制。最后，总结了当前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。最重要的是，通过建立清晰的结构-性能相关性和综合DACs前沿的最新发展，不仅为催化剂设计提供了可操作的指导方针，而且为先进储能技术的合理发展奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Siloxane electrolyte molecular design for lithium-sulfur batteries 锂硫电池硅氧烷电解质分子设计

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104970

Chong Xu , Gong Cheng , Shuang Liu , Guang Ma , Dongyuan Zhang , Junjie Fu , Ye Wang , Zhengkun Xie , Weihua Chen , Yongfeng Li

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes hold promises for high energy density but face critical challenges in conventional ether/ester electrolytes, including polysulfide dissolution, shuttle effects and incompatibility with lithium metal anodes. To address these issues, a systematic siloxane electrolyte screening strategy serves as the core of this work. Here, we propose a siloxane-based localized high-concentration electrolyte (4 M LiFSI PTTS/TTE (7:3 by volume), PT73) to address these issues. By leveraging the unique d-p orbital conjugation of siloxanes and tailored steric hindrance from propyl terminal groups, PT73 weakens Li⁺-solvent coordination while promoting anion-dominated solvation structures, thereby forming a robust inorganic-rich SEI and suppressing polysulfide dissolution. Electrochemically, Li||Cu cells with PT73 achieve 98.7 % average Coulombic efficiency (CE) and retain 98.2 % CE over 720 cycles. Li-SPAN full cells (4.4 mg cm^-2 sulfur loading) maintain 91.1 % capacity retention after 120 cycles. This screening paradigm provides a rational framework for siloxane electrolyte design, accelerating high-energy-density Li-S battery development.

采用硫化聚丙烯腈（SPAN）阴极的锂硫（Li-S）电池有望实现高能量密度，但在传统醚/酯电解质中面临严峻挑战，包括多硫化物溶解、穿梭效应以及与锂金属阳极的不兼容性。为了解决这些问题，系统的硅氧烷电解质筛选策略是本工作的核心。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种基于硅氧烷的局部高浓度电解质（4M LiFSI PTTS/TTE（7:3体积比），PT73）。通过利用硅氧烷独特的d-p轨道共轭和丙基端定制的空间位阻，PT73减弱Li +与溶剂的配位，同时促进阴离子主导的溶剂化结构，从而形成强大的富无机SEI，抑制多硫化物溶解。电化学性能方面，具有PT73的Li||Cu电池达到98.7%的平均库仑效率（CE），并在720次循环中保持98.2%的CE。Li-SPAN全电池（4.4 mg cm-2硫负载）在120次循环后保持91.1%的容量保持。这种筛选模式为硅氧烷电解质设计提供了一个合理的框架，加速了高能量密度Li-S电池的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic field sensing of inhomogeneous degradation in Lithium-ion batteries with spatio-temporal evolution 时空演化的锂离子电池非均匀降解磁场传感

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104933

Qirui Wang , Jie Gao , Lei Mao , Yan Lyu

Inhomogeneous degradation is a critical factor leading to performance decay and safety risks in lithium-ion batteries. Multi-regional physical information of Lithium-ion batteries facilitates the analysis of inhomogeneous degradation processes, yet its spatio-temporal evolution remains challenging to probe non-invasively. In this study, a magnetic field sensing methodology is proposed to map and analyze regional degradation with spatio-temporal evolution. A Regional Magnetic Feature Selection and Integration (RMFSI) strategy was developed to construct an optimized magnetic feature matrix that shows strong correlation with the state of health (SOH). Then, a quantitative link between macroscopic magnetic response and electrochemical degradation was established through differential magnetic capacity (dB/dV) analysis. Moreover, spatio-temporal evolution mapping of regional magnetic fields revealed a progressive behavior from localized failure to widespread, inhomogeneous degradation throughout the cell. The heightened sensitive response for regions identified by this approach was finally validated by post-mortem scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It provides a non-invasive methodology for elucidating dynamic degradation, which is promising for early safety warnings and spatial management strategies in future battery systems.

非均匀降解是导致锂离子电池性能衰减和安全风险的关键因素。锂离子电池的多区域物理信息有助于分析非均匀降解过程，但其时空演变仍然是非侵入性探索的挑战。在本研究中，提出了一种磁场传感方法来绘制和分析随时空演变的区域退化。采用区域磁特征选择与集成（RMFSI）策略构建了与健康状态强相关的优化磁特征矩阵。然后，通过差磁容量（dB/dV）分析，建立宏观磁响应与电化学降解之间的定量联系。此外，区域磁场的时空演化映射揭示了从局部失效到整个细胞广泛，不均匀退化的渐进行为。通过这种方法鉴定的区域的高度敏感反应最终通过死后扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析得到验证。它提供了一种非侵入性的方法来阐明动态退化，这对未来电池系统的早期安全预警和空间管理策略很有希望。

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引用次数: 0

"Acid-in-Alkali" structure for regulating dynamic evolution of manganese in Zn–Mn batteries 调节锌锰电池中锰动态演化的“酸碱”结构

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104914

Xinyu Luo , Haoyu Wang , Mingjun Cen , Tiantian Fang , Shuya Zhang , Rui Yan , Wenchao Peng , Yang Li , Qicheng Zhang , Xiaobin Fan

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-manganese batteries (AZMBs) have received widespread attention as next-generation large-scale energy storage devices. However, there is still some controversy regarding the energy storage mechanism of the cathode materials. The deposition of manganese ions on the cathode is facilitated by the byproduct zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS), and both this process and the ion intercalation mechanism contribute substantially to the capacity. Herein, by constructing an alkaline and manganese-free substrate to decouple mechanisms, the capacity fading issues and resolution strategies based on the ZHS-assisted manganese deposition mechanism are comprehensively investigated. An "acid-in-alkali" substrate (AlO-ZnO) was designed with the fundamental principles of using the alkali (ZnO) to assist in manganese deposition and the acid (AlO) to aid in manganese dissolution. Specifically, Brønsted acidic sites (AlO) within the alkaline substrate structure capitalize on the proton self-limiting effect to generate a localized acidic environment at the cathode, in order to inhibit and activate dead Mn for enhanced energy density and cycle life. As a result, long-term cycle stability (2000 cycles with 98% retention) and high-rate performance are achieved. This work provides a new perspective for significantly improving the cycle stability of AZMBs and upgrading the mechanism cognition.

可充水锌锰电池（azmb）作为下一代大规模储能设备受到了广泛关注。然而，关于正极材料的储能机理还存在一些争议。副产物硫酸氢氧化锌（ZHS）促进了锰离子在阴极上的沉积，这一过程和离子嵌入机制都对容量有重要贡献。本文通过构建碱性和无锰衬底来解耦机制，全面研究了基于zs辅助锰沉积机制的容量衰落问题和解决策略。基于碱（ZnO）助锰沉积和酸（AlO）助锰溶解的基本原理，设计了一种“酸中碱”底物（AlO-ZnO）。具体来说，碱性底物结构中的Brønsted酸性位点（AlO）利用质子自限效应在阴极产生局部酸性环境，以抑制和激活死锰，提高能量密度和循环寿命。因此，实现了长期循环稳定性（2000次循环，保留率98%）和高速率性能。本研究为显著提高azmb的循环稳定性和提升机理认知提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying aging kinetics in LiFePO4/graphite pouch cells: Cycle aging vs calendar aging via a novel impedance descriptor 量化LiFePO4/石墨袋状电池的老化动力学：通过一种新的阻抗描述符循环老化与日历老化

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104926

Jianrong Lin , Wenxuan Hu , Jian Yang , Yonggang Hu , Siyuan Ma , Lixuan Pan , Fangmei Wen , Meifang Ding , Shijun Tang , Yiming Wei , Zhengliang Gong , Yong Yang

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit distinct degradation mechanisms under calendar and cycle aging, making it essential to establish correlations between key electrochemical performance metrics and evolution of underlying physicochemical properties. In this study, LiFePO₄/graphite pouch cells are subjected to both cycle aging and calendar aging (at 100% State-of-Charge) at 65 °C. Throughout the aging processes, the capacity decay, impedance variation, and the evolution of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are quantitatively analyzed. The capacity fading follows a 0.5-power law relationship with time during cycle aging and a logarithmic trend during calendar aging. Both aging modes could be divided into two distinct stages based on SEI evolutions. In Stage Ⅰ, the growth of inorganic SEI components far exceeds that of its organic components, accompanied by a significant decrease in both capacity and impedance. The SEI even undergoes a drastic structural reconstruction during cycle aging. In Stage Ⅱ, the SEI composition stabilizes, and its thickness increases gradually, accompanied by a slower rate of capacity fade. Notably, in this stage, a strong linear correlation is observed between capacity loss and the reciprocal of SEI capacitance (1/C_SEI) for both aging modes, which enables C_SEI to serve as a key descriptor for evaluating battery health state.

锂离子电池在复合日历和循环老化下表现出不同的退化机制，因此建立关键电化学性能指标与潜在物理化学性质演变之间的相关性至关重要。在本研究中，LiFePO4/石墨袋状电池在65°C下进行循环老化和日历老化（100%充电状态）。在整个老化过程中，定量分析了容量衰减、阻抗变化和固体电解质界面相（SEI）的演变。循环老化时容量衰减与时间呈0.5次幂律关系，日历老化时容量衰减呈对数趋势。基于SEI演化，两种老化模式可划分为两个不同的阶段。在Ⅰ阶段，无机SEI组分的生长远远超过其有机组分，同时伴随着容量和阻抗的显著下降。在循环时效过程中，SEI甚至经历了剧烈的结构重建。在Ⅱ阶段，SEI组成趋于稳定，其厚度逐渐增加，同时容量衰减速率减慢。值得注意的是，在这一阶段，在两种老化模式下，容量损失与SEI电容的倒数（1/CSEI）之间存在很强的线性相关性，这使得CSEI可以作为评估电池健康状态的关键描述符。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid flash heating of hard carbon: enhanced sodium storage via hierarchical graphitization 硬碳的快速闪热：通过分层石墨化增强钠的储存

IF 20.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Energy Storage Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2026.104929

Fenqiang Luo , Taiyu Lyu , Jie Liu , Dechao Wang , Darya O. Klimchuk , Pavel B. Sorokin , Lei Tao , Zhifeng Zheng

The structure of hard carbon somehow determines the Na storage mechanism and directly affects its rate capability and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) in Na-ion batteries. Herein, we fabricate hierarchical graphitized carbon fibers via flash Joule heating within seconds. The fiber presents a uniform graphitized shell layer and a disordered core layer, which can maximize the Na intercalation capacity and reversibility. Combined with advanced spectroscopic techniques, we clearly observe that metallic Na clusters are uniformly stored in the outer layer at a low-voltage plateau. Such Na storage mechanism shortens ion transport distance and enhances reaction kinetics. As a result, the carbon fiber exhibits the highest ICE (97.7% at 50 mA g^-1) and fast charging capability (4 mins charging). A single-layer pouch cell with a low N/P ratio can be cycled stably 1000 times at 1C. To our knowledge, this Na⁺ storage is reported for the first time, providing new insights into the rational design of hard carbon.

硬碳的结构在一定程度上决定了钠离子电池中钠的储存机理，并直接影响其速率性能和初始库仑效率。在此，我们通过闪蒸焦耳加热在几秒钟内制造分层石墨化碳纤维。该纤维呈现出均匀的石墨化壳层和无序的芯层，可以最大限度地提高Na嵌入能力和可逆性。结合先进的光谱技术，我们清楚地观察到金属Na团簇在低压平台下均匀地存储在外层。这种Na储存机制缩短了离子的传递距离，提高了反应动力学。结果表明，碳纤维在50ma g-1时具有最高的充电效率（97.7%）和快速充电能力（充电4分钟）。低氮磷比的单层袋状电池可在1C下稳定循环1000次。据我们所知，这种Na+存储是首次报道，为硬碳的合理设计提供了新的见解。

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