Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4246
S. Suwarti, Y. H., Ahmad Hamim Su'udy, Budhi Agung Prasetyo, M. Margana, Wiwik Purwati W, S. Supriyo
Abstract— The purpose of making this final task is to apply the solar power system as a source of electrical energy to move the water pump automatically in fish ponds. This system works automatically with the Water Level Control tool sensor (WLC), so that if the water level drops or rises then the water pump will automatically work. On this automated system use the Smart Relay SR2B121BD and the ZelioSoft 2 application. Data retrieval carried out at 10.00 -14.00 WIB, obtained data pumps 1 and 2 for a height of 1 cm for 30 minutes and a height of 2 cm for 70 minutes. The amount of discharge the pump produces 1 and 2 ranges from 37 L/M to 45 L/M. Pump 1 Test results obtained an average efficiency of 7.68%, with the highest efficiency of 11.03% and the lowest efficiency of 5.26%, while the average pump efficiency of 2, 7.05% with the highest efficiency of 10.66% and the lowest efficiency of 5.41%. The average efficiency of the solar panels is 11.20% with the highest efficiency of 14.60% and the lowest efficiency of 7.29%.
{"title":"Analysis of The Utilization of Solar Panels as Pump Crusters Automatically in Fish Pond Farming","authors":"S. Suwarti, Y. H., Ahmad Hamim Su'udy, Budhi Agung Prasetyo, M. Margana, Wiwik Purwati W, S. Supriyo","doi":"10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— The purpose of making this final task is to apply the solar power system as a source of electrical energy to move the water pump automatically in fish ponds. This system works automatically with the Water Level Control tool sensor (WLC), so that if the water level drops or rises then the water pump will automatically work. On this automated system use the Smart Relay SR2B121BD and the ZelioSoft 2 application. Data retrieval carried out at 10.00 -14.00 WIB, obtained data pumps 1 and 2 for a height of 1 cm for 30 minutes and a height of 2 cm for 70 minutes. The amount of discharge the pump produces 1 and 2 ranges from 37 L/M to 45 L/M. Pump 1 Test results obtained an average efficiency of 7.68%, with the highest efficiency of 11.03% and the lowest efficiency of 5.26%, while the average pump efficiency of 2, 7.05% with the highest efficiency of 10.66% and the lowest efficiency of 5.41%. The average efficiency of the solar panels is 11.20% with the highest efficiency of 14.60% and the lowest efficiency of 7.29%. ","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4252
Baktiyar Mei Hermawan
To overcome the occurrence of an energy crisis in the future, an innovation / invention of energy that is environmentally friendly and energy sources will not run out in the future. Energy sources that are environmentally friendly and their potential when developed is very large, one of which is energy sources derived from wind energy. This study aims to determine the effect of wind speed on the performance of wind turbines. To find out the performance characteristics of wind turbines with variations in air gaps. The research method begins with the design / design of the wind turbine, then continues the manufacturing stage, the assembling and installation stage, the testing of tools and analysis, the tests carried out include testing the performance characteristics of the wind turbine. The parameters measured in this study are rotation, torque as well as calculating the kinetic power produced, TSR and CP. The test results conducted showed that the 200 mm air gap Savonius wind turbine with a value of CP = 0.02480-0.15658 had optimum work at low wind speeds (4 m / s). Meanwhile, the 170 mm airborne Savonius wind turbine with a value of CP = 0.00593-0.14668 has optimum work at high wind speeds (8 m / s to 9 m / s). Keywords- wind turbine savonius, air gap, coefficent of power.
{"title":"Performance Characteristics of Savonius Wind Turbines With Variations Air Gaps in Supporting the Development of Renewable Energy","authors":"Baktiyar Mei Hermawan","doi":"10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4252","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the occurrence of an energy crisis in the future, an innovation / invention of energy that is environmentally friendly and energy sources will not run out in the future. Energy sources that are environmentally friendly and their potential when developed is very large, one of which is energy sources derived from wind energy. This study aims to determine the effect of wind speed on the performance of wind turbines. To find out the performance characteristics of wind turbines with variations in air gaps. The research method begins with the design / design of the wind turbine, then continues the manufacturing stage, the assembling and installation stage, the testing of tools and analysis, the tests carried out include testing the performance characteristics of the wind turbine. The parameters measured in this study are rotation, torque as well as calculating the kinetic power produced, TSR and CP. The test results conducted showed that the 200 mm air gap Savonius wind turbine with a value of CP = 0.02480-0.15658 had optimum work at low wind speeds (4 m / s). Meanwhile, the 170 mm airborne Savonius wind turbine with a value of CP = 0.00593-0.14668 has optimum work at high wind speeds (8 m / s to 9 m / s). Keywords- wind turbine savonius, air gap, coefficent of power.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48037260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4191
Bayu Sutanto, Dita Anies Munawwaroh, Bono Bono, Y. Herlambang, F. Sumarno, A. S. Alfauzi
The utilisation and optimisation of solar energy have a vital role in reducing the global need for conventional fossil energy. Moreover, it is also clean and eco-environmentally energy resources. The photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and photothermal technology is an ideal solution for creating high-efficiency energy conversion devices. In addition, this system can be constructed to be small and compact with a higher economic value than the conventional technology from the previous solar energy harvesters. This paper will review the PV-T hybrid system and provide the thermodynamic analysis and the feasibility study.
{"title":"Analysis of Hybrid System in the Photovoltaic and Photothermal Technology","authors":"Bayu Sutanto, Dita Anies Munawwaroh, Bono Bono, Y. Herlambang, F. Sumarno, A. S. Alfauzi","doi":"10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.4191","url":null,"abstract":"The utilisation and optimisation of solar energy have a vital role in reducing the global need for conventional fossil energy. Moreover, it is also clean and eco-environmentally energy resources. The photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and photothermal technology is an ideal solution for creating high-efficiency energy conversion devices. In addition, this system can be constructed to be small and compact with a higher economic value than the conventional technology from the previous solar energy harvesters. This paper will review the PV-T hybrid system and provide the thermodynamic analysis and the feasibility study.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47204565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.3907
Y. M. Safarudin, Dina Mariani
Continuing the previous article that use merit order, the simplest method in economic dispatch, this article pursue to optimize the output of three power plants using more advanced algorithm, the firefly. The plants used are similar to the previous paper which are three generators used to supply a load of 975 MW. Simulation is used by taking into account losses. The results show that in spite of having higher losses, firefly algorithm managed to calculate a better result than merit orders did by 0,15%.
{"title":"Optimizing Three Power Plants’ Output Power Using Firefly Method","authors":"Y. M. Safarudin, Dina Mariani","doi":"10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.3907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v19i01.3907","url":null,"abstract":"Continuing the previous article that use merit order, the simplest method in economic dispatch, this article pursue to optimize the output of three power plants using more advanced algorithm, the firefly. The plants used are similar to the previous paper which are three generators used to supply a load of 975 MW. Simulation is used by taking into account losses. The results show that in spite of having higher losses, firefly algorithm managed to calculate a better result than merit orders did by 0,15%. ","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Dyes are a very serious problem for the environment. Composite beads consisting of fly ash and sodium alginate proved to be an adsorbent to reduce rhodamine b from dye waste. In this study, the effect of the mass of beads (5-45 grams), the pH of the solution (2-11) and the stirring time (0-360 min) was studied. Determination of concentration after adsorption was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The maximum reduction in rhodamine b concentration of 31.15% was obtained after the adsorption process for 300 minutes with a mass of 35 grams of beads. The adsorption of rhodamine b is quite sensitive to the pH of the solution and shows the optimum adsorption value at pH 2. Based on the characterization with BET, fly ash – alginate beads include mesopores with a pore diameter of 10 nm, a total pore volume of 5,332 x 10 -3 cc/g and a pore surface area. 2,133 m 2 /g.
：染料对环境是一个非常严重的问题。由粉煤灰和藻酸钠组成的复合珠粒被证明是一种从染料废料中还原罗丹明b的吸附剂。在本研究中，研究了珠的质量（5-45克）、溶液的pH（2-11）和搅拌时间（0-360分钟）的影响。用紫外-可见分光光度计测定吸附后的浓度。在质量为35克的珠粒的吸附过程300分钟后，获得了31.15%的罗丹明b浓度的最大降低。罗丹明b的吸附对溶液的pH非常敏感，在pH 2时表现出最佳吸附值。基于BET表征，粉煤灰-海藻酸盐珠包括孔径为10 nm、总孔体积为5332 x 10-3 cc/g和孔表面积的中孔。2133平方米/克。
{"title":"Fly Ash – Alginate Composites Beads for Rhodamine B Removal","authors":"Heni Anggorowati, Perwitasari Perwitasari, Indriana Lestari","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.8199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.8199","url":null,"abstract":": Dyes are a very serious problem for the environment. Composite beads consisting of fly ash and sodium alginate proved to be an adsorbent to reduce rhodamine b from dye waste. In this study, the effect of the mass of beads (5-45 grams), the pH of the solution (2-11) and the stirring time (0-360 min) was studied. Determination of concentration after adsorption was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The maximum reduction in rhodamine b concentration of 31.15% was obtained after the adsorption process for 300 minutes with a mass of 35 grams of beads. The adsorption of rhodamine b is quite sensitive to the pH of the solution and shows the optimum adsorption value at pH 2. Based on the characterization with BET, fly ash – alginate beads include mesopores with a pore diameter of 10 nm, a total pore volume of 5,332 x 10 -3 cc/g and a pore surface area. 2,133 m 2 /g.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48711271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brilian Gema Morentera, Sri Wahyuningsih, Dyan Hatining Ayu Sudarni
A rapid growth of textile industry creates a new problems on environment, one of those is the presence of dye waste. Methylene blue is one of the dyes which is toxic to living things, one of those triggers cyanosis for human and bother photosyntesis of algae. Therefore, it needs the effort to reduce, one of those is by adsorption. This study aims to determined the effect of dosage adsorbent variation and contact time variation to adsorb methylene blue. Adsorption is an adsorbate molecule absorption process that occurs on the surface of the adsorbent. This study used fly ash from PG. Pagottan and has been activated by NaOH. Measure method of this study using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to measure concentration of methylene blue at maximum wavelenght. Based on data, NaOH-activated fly ash and non-activated fly ash following Langmuir isotherm adsorption, it mean a monolayer site is formed. Adsorption capacity also increase after activation, it about 21,74 mg/g to 23, 25 mg/g. Based on the study fly ash has a potential as a new adsorbent.
{"title":"Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Kontak dan Dosis Adsorben Fly ash teraktivasi NaOH terhadap Adsorpsi Metilen Biru","authors":"Brilian Gema Morentera, Sri Wahyuningsih, Dyan Hatining Ayu Sudarni","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.7207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.7207","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid growth of textile industry creates a new problems on environment, one of those is the presence of dye waste. Methylene blue is one of the dyes which is toxic to living things, one of those triggers cyanosis for human and bother photosyntesis of algae. Therefore, it needs the effort to reduce, one of those is by adsorption. This study aims to determined the effect of dosage adsorbent variation and contact time variation to adsorb methylene blue. Adsorption is an adsorbate molecule absorption process that occurs on the surface of the adsorbent. This study used fly ash from PG. Pagottan and has been activated by NaOH. Measure method of this study using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to measure concentration of methylene blue at maximum wavelenght. Based on data, NaOH-activated fly ash and non-activated fly ash following Langmuir isotherm adsorption, it mean a monolayer site is formed. Adsorption capacity also increase after activation, it about 21,74 mg/g to 23, 25 mg/g. Based on the study fly ash has a potential as a new adsorbent. ","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Munira, A. Aladin, Perwitasari Perwitasari, Nur Aulia Hamza, St Umrah Tulzhaliza
: Papaya is a tropical plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Papaya seeds have a high cellulose content, so that papaya seeds can be used as raw material for adsorbents (biosorbents). Biosorbent is used to reduce environmental pollution through the absorption of various types of liquid waste including heavy metals. Fe is an essential heavy metal if in excess amounts can cause toxic effects. One of the methodes to reduce of iron ion in wastewater is the adsorption method is using papaya seed biosorbents. The aim of study was to determine the effectivness of using papaya seedd as bioadsorbent to reduce of iron ion in the wastewater. and contact time variations in order to determine the optimum particle size and contact time of papaya seed powder to absorb the heavy metals. The results show that the optimum adsorbent particle size was 100 mesh and the optimum contact time was 60 minute. The adsorption efficiency of (Fe) metal ions in wastewater was 60%, the adsorption capacity value was 0.365 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of adsorption process is pseudo second order.
{"title":"Utilization of Papaya Seed Powder as a Bioadsorben to Reduce Total Iron (Fe) in Wastewater","authors":"M. Munira, A. Aladin, Perwitasari Perwitasari, Nur Aulia Hamza, St Umrah Tulzhaliza","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.8007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.8007","url":null,"abstract":": Papaya is a tropical plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Papaya seeds have a high cellulose content, so that papaya seeds can be used as raw material for adsorbents (biosorbents). Biosorbent is used to reduce environmental pollution through the absorption of various types of liquid waste including heavy metals. Fe is an essential heavy metal if in excess amounts can cause toxic effects. One of the methodes to reduce of iron ion in wastewater is the adsorption method is using papaya seed biosorbents. The aim of study was to determine the effectivness of using papaya seedd as bioadsorbent to reduce of iron ion in the wastewater. and contact time variations in order to determine the optimum particle size and contact time of papaya seed powder to absorb the heavy metals. The results show that the optimum adsorbent particle size was 100 mesh and the optimum contact time was 60 minute. The adsorption efficiency of (Fe) metal ions in wastewater was 60%, the adsorption capacity value was 0.365 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of adsorption process is pseudo second order.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46672731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Syaichurrozi, J. Jayanudin, Listiyani Nurwindya Sari, Anellysha Putri Apriantika
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is palm oil processing industrial waste that cannot be discharged directly into water bodies. Therefore, this waste must be treated. One method that can be used to treat it is coagulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coagulant doses on the coagulation process for treating the POME through experimental and kinetic analysis. The alum dose was varied to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L. The volume of treated waste was 1 L. Before adding alum, the pH of POME was adjusted to 7.0 with the addition of technical grade NaOH. The coagulation process was carried out for 180 minutes at room temperature. Every 20 minutes, the pH of the liquid was measured and a fluid sample as much as ±50 mL was taken to be settled for 24 hours. Next, the total suspended solid (TSS) concentration in the supernatant was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of alum could decrease the liquid pH and increase the TSS of the liquid. The coagulation process for 180 minutes resulted in a TSS reduction efficiency of 33.3, 33.3, 37.1, 1.7, -17.8% at alum doses of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L respectively. The first-order kinetic model provided a better prediction than the second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.7876-0.9707 and 0.2746-0.8912, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Alum Dose in the Coagulation Process for Decreasing the Pollutant in the Palm Oil Mill Effluent: Experimental and Kinetic Analysis","authors":"I. Syaichurrozi, J. Jayanudin, Listiyani Nurwindya Sari, Anellysha Putri Apriantika","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.7405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.7405","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is palm oil processing industrial waste that cannot be discharged directly into water bodies. Therefore, this waste must be treated. One method that can be used to treat it is coagulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coagulant doses on the coagulation process for treating the POME through experimental and kinetic analysis. The alum dose was varied to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L. The volume of treated waste was 1 L. Before adding alum, the pH of POME was adjusted to 7.0 with the addition of technical grade NaOH. The coagulation process was carried out for 180 minutes at room temperature. Every 20 minutes, the pH of the liquid was measured and a fluid sample as much as ±50 mL was taken to be settled for 24 hours. Next, the total suspended solid (TSS) concentration in the supernatant was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of alum could decrease the liquid pH and increase the TSS of the liquid. The coagulation process for 180 minutes resulted in a TSS reduction efficiency of 33.3, 33.3, 37.1, 1.7, -17.8% at alum doses of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L respectively. The first-order kinetic model provided a better prediction than the second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.7876-0.9707 and 0.2746-0.8912, respectively.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alit Istiani, Yusmardhany Yusuf, F. Irfandy, Mitha Puspitasari
: The biodegradable film is an attempt to reduce the use of plastics that cannot be decomposed by nature. This study described biodegradable films produced from arrowroot starch using the casting method. As a plasticizer and crosslinker, glycerol and citric acid are added. The investigation results indicate that the biodegradable film has a clear white color; the greater the amount of starch, the more opaque the color. The tensile strength test results also indicate that the biodegradable film’s tensile strength will be greater the more starch is used, but its percent elongation at break will decrease, or its characteristics will become less elastic. In contrast, adding citric acid demonstrates that the tensile strength decreases due to the hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in starch.
{"title":"Physical Property Analysis of Biodegradable Film Made from Garut Starch, Glycerol, and Citric Acid","authors":"Alit Istiani, Yusmardhany Yusuf, F. Irfandy, Mitha Puspitasari","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.6123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.6123","url":null,"abstract":": The biodegradable film is an attempt to reduce the use of plastics that cannot be decomposed by nature. This study described biodegradable films produced from arrowroot starch using the casting method. As a plasticizer and crosslinker, glycerol and citric acid are added. The investigation results indicate that the biodegradable film has a clear white color; the greater the amount of starch, the more opaque the color. The tensile strength test results also indicate that the biodegradable film’s tensile strength will be greater the more starch is used, but its percent elongation at break will decrease, or its characteristics will become less elastic. In contrast, adding citric acid demonstrates that the tensile strength decreases due to the hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in starch.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jaya, Anisa Anisa, Dian Prasetyani Basuki, T. W. Widayati
Soybean is one of the main food commodities in Indonesia. One of the soybean processing that is often consumed is tofu. Inappropriate treatment of tofu liquid waste is very dangerous for life. It is noted that the ammonia content in tofu liquid waste is 23.3-23.5 mg/l which can cause odors that disturb the residents' comfort. One alternative solution for purifying tofu liquid waste is to carry out an adsorption process using coal fly ash. Fly ash contains metal oxides in the form of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Na₂O. The content of SiO₂ as much as 60-70% in it causes fly ash to be very potential to absorb ammonia levels. Extraction of SiO₂ using the sol gel method was carried out using fly ash that had gone through a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal process is a crystallisation technique in a closed container with high temperature and pressure. After going through the extraction stage, the ongoing process was continued with the washing stage to produce silica powder to adsorb ammonium. The mass required for silica to achieve the optimum ammonia concentration adsorption efficiency is 0.25 gram/20 ml of tofu liquid waste. Meanwhile, the contact time required for silica to achieve the optimum adsorption efficiency of ammonium content is 30 minutes. It was noted that the silica from the optimised fly ash processing had a better quality than the unoptimized silica or commercial silica.
{"title":"Leaching SiO₂ On Coal Fly Ash As Ammonium Adsorbent In Tofu Liquid Waste Using Hydrothermal Method","authors":"D. Jaya, Anisa Anisa, Dian Prasetyani Basuki, T. W. Widayati","doi":"10.31315/e.v19i3.8204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.8204","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is one of the main food commodities in Indonesia. One of the soybean processing that is often consumed is tofu. Inappropriate treatment of tofu liquid waste is very dangerous for life. It is noted that the ammonia content in tofu liquid waste is 23.3-23.5 mg/l which can cause odors that disturb the residents' comfort. One alternative solution for purifying tofu liquid waste is to carry out an adsorption process using coal fly ash. Fly ash contains metal oxides in the form of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Na₂O. The content of SiO₂ as much as 60-70% in it causes fly ash to be very potential to absorb ammonia levels. Extraction of SiO₂ using the sol gel method was carried out using fly ash that had gone through a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal process is a crystallisation technique in a closed container with high temperature and pressure. After going through the extraction stage, the ongoing process was continued with the washing stage to produce silica powder to adsorb ammonium. The mass required for silica to achieve the optimum ammonia concentration adsorption efficiency is 0.25 gram/20 ml of tofu liquid waste. Meanwhile, the contact time required for silica to achieve the optimum adsorption efficiency of ammonium content is 30 minutes. It was noted that the silica from the optimised fly ash processing had a better quality than the unoptimized silica or commercial silica.","PeriodicalId":30703,"journal":{"name":"Eksergi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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