Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.24
D. Dimitrova, D. Dimitrova
The article examines the role of the higher economic education in the Higher School of Commerce, which was founded by entrepreneurs and whose successor is the University of Economics - Varna, for the training of highly qualified personnel for the economy and for the development of economic activity in the region. The Higher School of Commerce was opened by Order No. 7177 of 28 September 1920 of the Minister of Commerce, but even before the opening of the first Bulgarian universities, Bulgarians began to seek to acquire knowledge for the needs of the developing commercial activity during the Renaissance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between higher economic education and entrepreneurship - at the time of the establishment of the Higher school and our modern times - in the light of a historical overview. The practical necessity of analyzing the tendencies and challenges for the future development of the university stems from its contribution to the training and professional realization of studenteconomists. In conclusion and as a result of the research, conclusions and summaries are made regarding the role of the higher economic education for the economic development of the Varna region.
{"title":"Role of the Higher Economic Education for the Development of Economic Activity in Varna","authors":"D. Dimitrova, D. Dimitrova","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role of the higher economic education in the Higher School of Commerce, which was founded by entrepreneurs and whose successor is the University of Economics - Varna, for the training of highly qualified personnel for the economy and for the development of economic activity in the region. The Higher School of Commerce was opened by Order No. 7177 of 28 September 1920 of the Minister of Commerce, but even before the opening of the first Bulgarian universities, Bulgarians began to seek to acquire knowledge for the needs of the developing commercial activity during the Renaissance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between higher economic education and entrepreneurship - at the time of the establishment of the Higher school and our modern times - in the light of a historical overview. The practical necessity of analyzing the tendencies and challenges for the future development of the university stems from its contribution to the training and professional realization of studenteconomists. In conclusion and as a result of the research, conclusions and summaries are made regarding the role of the higher economic education for the economic development of the Varna region.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82886693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.41
J. Olowookere, Risikat Moturayo Shittu, Titilope Esther Olorede
Investors are concerned with the disclosure of information by management of firms to make relevant and timely decisions, therefore, this study investigates the influence of ownership structure on corporate voluntary disclosure of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all nonfinancial listed firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. Using purposive sampling technique, the study selected a total of 67 listed non-financial firms having the required information necessary for the study between year 2011 to 2020. The study employed the dynamic panel Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) technique to analyse the data. The system GMM results revealed that block and institutional ownership exert positive significant influence on the disclosure of voluntary information by listed non-financial firms in Nigeria while the impact of managerial ownership was positive but not significantly associated with corporate voluntary disclosure.
{"title":"Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure among Nigerian Listed Non-financial Firms","authors":"J. Olowookere, Risikat Moturayo Shittu, Titilope Esther Olorede","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Investors are concerned with the disclosure of information by management of firms to make relevant and timely decisions, therefore, this study investigates the influence of ownership structure on corporate voluntary disclosure of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all nonfinancial listed firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. Using purposive sampling technique, the study selected a total of 67 listed non-financial firms having the required information necessary for the study between year 2011 to 2020. The study employed the dynamic panel Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) technique to analyse the data. The system GMM results revealed that block and institutional ownership exert positive significant influence on the disclosure of voluntary information by listed non-financial firms in Nigeria while the impact of managerial ownership was positive but not significantly associated with corporate voluntary disclosure.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81232518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.60
E. Adegun, Sunday Festus Olasupo, Ishola James Aransiola, Toluwani Grace Kalejaiye, T. Aderemi
This study examined the nexus between female labour participation and income inequality in ECOWAS sub-region between 1990 and 2019. Consequently, Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Pairwise Panel Causality techniques were used to estimate the objective of the study. The findings from this study are summarized as follows; two (2) of the three (3) indicators of female labour participation- labour participation rate and female employment in service showed a positive and significant relationship with income inequality in ECOWAS sub region. In addition, no feedback relationship exists between any indicators of female labour participation and income inequality in ECOWAS sub region. Meanwhile, a bidirectional causality exists between female educational enrolment and female employment in the service sector. Also, female educational enrolment Granger causes female labour force participation. In the light of the above findings, the following recommendations were offered for the policy makers in ECOWAS sub region and African policymakers, at any time the goal of these policymakers is reduction of income inequality, the labour market policy should be structured in such a way that will give preference to women in the recruitment process. Also, the policymakers should prioritize giving of scholarship to female folks, this will drive a rise in female education enrolment. As such, more educated women will participate in the labour market and consequently earn more income, thereby leading to the reduction in income inequality.
{"title":"Role of Female Labour Participation in Reducing Income Inequality in ECOWAS Sub-Region","authors":"E. Adegun, Sunday Festus Olasupo, Ishola James Aransiola, Toluwani Grace Kalejaiye, T. Aderemi","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the nexus between female labour participation and income inequality in ECOWAS sub-region between 1990 and 2019. Consequently, Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Pairwise Panel Causality techniques were used to estimate the objective of the study. The findings from this study are summarized as follows; two (2) of the three (3) indicators of female labour participation- labour participation rate and female employment in service showed a positive and significant relationship with income inequality in ECOWAS sub region. In addition, no feedback relationship exists between any indicators of female labour participation and income inequality in ECOWAS sub region. Meanwhile, a bidirectional causality exists between female educational enrolment and female employment in the service sector. Also, female educational enrolment Granger causes female labour force participation. In the light of the above findings, the following recommendations were offered for the policy makers in ECOWAS sub region and African policymakers, at any time the goal of these policymakers is reduction of income inequality, the labour market policy should be structured in such a way that will give preference to women in the recruitment process. Also, the policymakers should prioritize giving of scholarship to female folks, this will drive a rise in female education enrolment. As such, more educated women will participate in the labour market and consequently earn more income, thereby leading to the reduction in income inequality.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90692081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.80
Čedomir Gligorić, M. Pavlović, Jana Rodic, Sanja Dončić, Nikola Vujanović
The main goal of a potential plaintiff who initiates a negative expected value dispute is to try to reach an agreement on an out-ofcourt settlement. The paper analyzes the behavior of parties in negative value disputes in the Republic of Serbia. The objective of this paper is to show economic analysis of out of court settlement; 1) in condition of symmetrical information and 2) in condition of asymmetrical information. First of all, we will present the literature regarding this topic using the historical analysis and synthesis method, after that, by using the methods of deduction and induction, descriptive, comparative and other scientific methods, on a case of Republic of Serbia we will show research problem. At the end we will give the results in conclusion.
{"title":"Some Aspects of Economic Analysis of Out-of-court Settlement in the Dispute of Negative Expected Value – Case of Republic of Serbia","authors":"Čedomir Gligorić, M. Pavlović, Jana Rodic, Sanja Dončić, Nikola Vujanović","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2023.67.1.80","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of a potential plaintiff who initiates a negative expected value dispute is to try to reach an agreement on an out-ofcourt settlement. The paper analyzes the behavior of parties in negative value disputes in the Republic of Serbia. The objective of this paper is to show economic analysis of out of court settlement; 1) in condition of symmetrical information and 2) in condition of asymmetrical information. First of all, we will present the literature regarding this topic using the historical analysis and synthesis method, after that, by using the methods of deduction and induction, descriptive, comparative and other scientific methods, on a case of Republic of Serbia we will show research problem. At the end we will give the results in conclusion.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"1244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.169
A. Shodiya, J. O. Ojenike
The study examines the impact of customers’ service skills on deposit money banks’ customer loyalty in the Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examines the effect of problem-solving, verbal and non-verbal communication skills on customers’ loyalty. A survey research design was adopted for the study with an infinite population from three leading deposit money banks. A sample size of 384 was determined using Cochran’s (1977) sample size formula, and the convenient sampling technique was used to select 128 respondents from the designated banks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). The result revealed that problem-solving skills and verbal communication skills had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Non-verbal communication skills had an insignificant effect on customer loyalty. The study concluded that customer service skills significantly influenced banks’ customer loyalty. It was recommended that the banks’ management intensify effort towards building customers’ trust, train staff on how to deal with different customer types and ensure they are committed to doing whatever it takes to satisfy customers.
{"title":"Customers` Service Skills and Customers Loyalty: Evidence from Selected Deposit Money Banks","authors":"A. Shodiya, J. O. Ojenike","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.169","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the impact of customers’ service skills on deposit money banks’ customer loyalty in the Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examines the effect of problem-solving, verbal and non-verbal communication skills on customers’ loyalty. A survey research design was adopted for the study with an infinite population from three leading deposit money banks. A sample size of 384 was determined using Cochran’s (1977) sample size formula, and the convenient sampling technique was used to select 128 respondents from the designated banks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). The result revealed that problem-solving skills and verbal communication skills had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Non-verbal communication skills had an insignificant effect on customer loyalty. The study concluded that customer service skills significantly influenced banks’ customer loyalty. It was recommended that the banks’ management intensify effort towards building customers’ trust, train staff on how to deal with different customer types and ensure they are committed to doing whatever it takes to satisfy customers.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90067795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.183
Lyuba Spasova
Research on consumer attitudes and their change under advertising influence is becoming a defining feature in advertising communication. The present review aims to outline recent advances in social psychology on the concept of “attitude” with an emphasis on the possibility of consumer attitudes being shaped by various advertisements. Some models of attitude formation and change are discussed, as well as some current views on the stability and strength of attitudes as part of advertising. The importance of the general attitude towards advertising, the credibility of advertising, as well as the ways of promoting products and services to achieve the most effective perception, remembering and the achieved impact through advertising is emphasized. Generalizations are synthesized for future research on the different attitudes and achievement of advertising effectiveness as a marketing communication tool.
{"title":"Original Interpretation of Attitudes in the Context of Advertising","authors":"Lyuba Spasova","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.183","url":null,"abstract":"Research on consumer attitudes and their change under advertising influence is becoming a defining feature in advertising communication. The present review aims to outline recent advances in social psychology on the concept of “attitude” with an emphasis on the possibility of consumer attitudes being shaped by various advertisements. Some models of attitude formation and change are discussed, as well as some current views on the stability and strength of attitudes as part of advertising. The importance of the general attitude towards advertising, the credibility of advertising, as well as the ways of promoting products and services to achieve the most effective perception, remembering and the achieved impact through advertising is emphasized. Generalizations are synthesized for future research on the different attitudes and achievement of advertising effectiveness as a marketing communication tool.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87088583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.134
T. Dimitrova, T. Yosifov
The main purpose of this paper was to present part of the results of a survey of end consumers’ perceptions regarding ethical marketing behaviour on the market of mobile and banking services in Bulgaria. Some of the most important findings of the survey were that the banking sector demonstrated better performance in terms of the marketing ethics applied to clients compared to the telecommunication sector; the instances of unethical marketing behaviour ranked among the top three reasons for consumers’ decisions to change their mobile operators or terminate their relations with a banking institution; the respondents’ age affected their level of agreement with the statements related to marketing ethics. Furthermore, a brief analytical review was made of the situation in the two sectors studied.
{"title":"Marketing Ethics on the Market of Mobile and Banking Services in Bulgaria","authors":"T. Dimitrova, T. Yosifov","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.134","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper was to present part of the results of a survey of end consumers’ perceptions regarding ethical marketing behaviour on the market of mobile and banking services in Bulgaria. Some of the most important findings of the survey were that the banking sector demonstrated better performance in terms of the marketing ethics applied to clients compared to the telecommunication sector; the instances of unethical marketing behaviour ranked among the top three reasons for consumers’ decisions to change their mobile operators or terminate their relations with a banking institution; the respondents’ age affected their level of agreement with the statements related to marketing ethics. Furthermore, a brief analytical review was made of the situation in the two sectors studied.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.198
O. Olowofela
Financial inclusion involves decreasing the number of unbanked population through series of activities that will enhance the participation in the financial system. The objective of this study is examining financial inclusion and its implications on growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria from 1992 to 2020 using data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study used the classical linear regression model using Ordinary least square (OLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) to analyse the data. The outcome of the analysis revealed that the growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria is positively and significantly influenced by financial inclusion. The findings further revealed that government needs to steer up efforts in ensuring the dissemination of all banking services to reach everyone at affordability fees regardless of income group and location.
{"title":"Financial Inclusion and Growth of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"O. Olowofela","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.198","url":null,"abstract":"Financial inclusion involves decreasing the number of unbanked population through series of activities that will enhance the participation in the financial system. The objective of this study is examining financial inclusion and its implications on growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria from 1992 to 2020 using data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study used the classical linear regression model using Ordinary least square (OLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) to analyse the data. The outcome of the analysis revealed that the growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria is positively and significantly influenced by financial inclusion. The findings further revealed that government needs to steer up efforts in ensuring the dissemination of all banking services to reach everyone at affordability fees regardless of income group and location.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"19 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72483223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.113
N. Nenovsky
The purpose of the present article is to present a comprehensive framework to analyse main characteristics and institutional forms of the dependent monetary regimes. A country’s monetary regime is an extension of its geopolitical and geo-economic place in the international system. The dynamic monetary dependence/independence of a particular country is a direct continuation of, as well as ‘serving’, the (geo) political and economic dependence/independence of that country. That dependence does not mean that small countries do not benefit from this type of monetary and political regimes; on the contrary – in most cases it is the most appropriate, so to speak, “optimal” form which, if skilfully managed, minimises losses under a given external structural constraint. As a rule, in dependent countries, external sources of money supply dominate domestic sources. Peripheral and dependent countries cannot borrow on international markets in their own national currencies. They borrow in major world currencies and become vulnerable to currency (exchange rate) risk. The inflow of external capital, in turn, requires a corresponding stable institutional and political environment. Therefore, the external equilibrium (external stability), i.e., the state of the balance of payments and especially its financial (capital) account, as well as the dynamics of the exchange rate, become central parameters for the development of the peripheral countries. It is interesting to add that the imposition of a dependent regime in small and peripheral countries is accompanied by the imposition and dissemination of economic views, theories and ideas (“economic narrative”), which legitimise this new monetary regime and prepare the imposition of a certain economic development model.
{"title":"Theoretical Foundations of the Dependent Monetary Regimes","authors":"N. Nenovsky","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present article is to present a comprehensive framework to analyse main characteristics and institutional forms of the dependent monetary regimes. A country’s monetary regime is an extension of its geopolitical and geo-economic place in the international system. The dynamic monetary dependence/independence of a particular country is a direct continuation of, as well as ‘serving’, the (geo) political and economic dependence/independence of that country. That dependence does not mean that small countries do not benefit from this type of monetary and political regimes; on the contrary – in most cases it is the most appropriate, so to speak, “optimal” form which, if skilfully managed, minimises losses under a given external structural constraint. As a rule, in dependent countries, external sources of money supply dominate domestic sources. Peripheral and dependent countries cannot borrow on international markets in their own national currencies. They borrow in major world currencies and become vulnerable to currency (exchange rate) risk. The inflow of external capital, in turn, requires a corresponding stable institutional and political environment. Therefore, the external equilibrium (external stability), i.e., the state of the balance of payments and especially its financial (capital) account, as well as the dynamics of the exchange rate, become central parameters for the development of the peripheral countries. It is interesting to add that the imposition of a dependent regime in small and peripheral countries is accompanied by the imposition and dissemination of economic views, theories and ideas (“economic narrative”), which legitimise this new monetary regime and prepare the imposition of a certain economic development model.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79457807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.154
B. Oginni, K. Ajibola, B. Babatunde, F. B. Famolu
Customer loyalty is still a major concern to organizations despite the various activities of manufacturing firms in their various host communities. Given this, this paper examines the relationship between discretionary spending, ethical responsibility and customer loyalty. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The unit of analysis was International Breweries and a purposive sampling technique was used to select sample for the study from the target population. The stakeholder theory was the underpinning theory. The result revealed that there exists a strong significant positive relationship between discretionary spending, ethical responsibility and customer loyalty. Based on the findings, it was recommended that organizations should have a standing committee to oversee the proper implementation, monitoring, control, and evaluation of their discretionary spending and ethical responsibility activities.
{"title":"Does Discretionary Spending and Ethical Responsibility Guarantee Customer Loyalty","authors":"B. Oginni, K. Ajibola, B. Babatunde, F. B. Famolu","doi":"10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2022.66.3-4.154","url":null,"abstract":"Customer loyalty is still a major concern to organizations despite the various activities of manufacturing firms in their various host communities. Given this, this paper examines the relationship between discretionary spending, ethical responsibility and customer loyalty. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The unit of analysis was International Breweries and a purposive sampling technique was used to select sample for the study from the target population. The stakeholder theory was the underpinning theory. The result revealed that there exists a strong significant positive relationship between discretionary spending, ethical responsibility and customer loyalty. Based on the findings, it was recommended that organizations should have a standing committee to oversee the proper implementation, monitoring, control, and evaluation of their discretionary spending and ethical responsibility activities.","PeriodicalId":30732,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia Ikonomicheski universitet Varna","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82811080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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