Nurlaela Nurlaela, S. NurAdyla, Akhsan Akhsan, A. Sulili, Muhammad Aswad
Lipa' Saqbe Mandar (or just called Lipa' saqbe) is an unique culture of Mandar ethnic, it is still preserved today, because the Mandar people wear Lipa' Saqbe at every event held both in traditional ceremonies of Mandar culture like weddings or grief moments. Lipa' Saqbe weavers are the majority of mandarist fishermen and the wives of the peasants who in the concept of indigenous culture mandar adheres to the principle of Siwali Parriq which means the wives of Mandar descendants are able to work to help the family economy, one of them by weaving. This paper attempst to calculate weavers household who are living below poverty line and how severe they are? The study employed Foster- Greer-Torbecke (FGT) Indices Method: Head Count Index (HCI) and Poverty Gap Index (PGI). The results show that: (1) HCI of the study is 0.7333 indicate that 70.33% of Lipa' Saqbe weaver is living below poverty line, while (2) PGI reveals that the depth of poverty in weaver household is, however, close to zero (0) indicating that no poverty severity gap among households. The low income of Mandar silk weavers is the marketing system through traders or distributors. Although most of the weavers sell their woven products directly to the local market, the purchasing power of local communities is quite low so that their woven products are sold to wholesalers or distributors.
{"title":"Poverty Condition of Lipa’ Saqbe Mandar Weavers: Initial Findings from Agriculture Area of West Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Nurlaela Nurlaela, S. NurAdyla, Akhsan Akhsan, A. Sulili, Muhammad Aswad","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1492","url":null,"abstract":"Lipa' Saqbe Mandar (or just called Lipa' saqbe) is an unique culture of Mandar ethnic, it is still preserved today, because the Mandar people wear Lipa' Saqbe at every event held both in traditional ceremonies of Mandar culture like weddings or grief moments. Lipa' Saqbe weavers are the majority of mandarist fishermen and the wives of the peasants who in the concept of indigenous culture mandar adheres to the principle of Siwali Parriq which means the wives of Mandar descendants are able to work to help the family economy, one of them by weaving. This paper attempst to calculate weavers household who are living below poverty line and how severe they are? The study employed Foster- Greer-Torbecke (FGT) Indices Method: Head Count Index (HCI) and Poverty Gap Index (PGI). The results show that: (1) HCI of the study is 0.7333 indicate that 70.33% of Lipa' Saqbe weaver is living below poverty line, while (2) PGI reveals that the depth of poverty in weaver household is, however, close to zero (0) indicating that no poverty severity gap among households. The low income of Mandar silk weavers is the marketing system through traders or distributors. Although most of the weavers sell their woven products directly to the local market, the purchasing power of local communities is quite low so that their woven products are sold to wholesalers or distributors.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43999084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arifin, R. Sjahril, M. Riadi, Naoya Arita, A. Miyazaki
In rain-fed area, water deficit or drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production and yield stability, and root system with deep roots is one of the most important characters. This study aimed to identify which root morphological characters induce the advantage of the deep rooting between varieties. Six varieties consisting of two groups of ecosystems, upland: NERICA1, NERICA4, NERICA7, Yumenohatamochi, and lowland: Hinohikari and Koshihikari were grown under the rain- fed condition in the field of Kochi University. The results suggested the adaptability of NERICA varieties to the upland rainfed conditions, due to the development of roots into the deep soil layer. NERICA7 had lowest soil moisture content and had a higher root weight, root surface area, root length and the number of root branching in the deep soil layer at heading stage. NERICA7 also had higher value on dry weight, surface area and thickness in total amount of root morphological characters. Varietal difference of root surface area in the deep soil layer was related to both root length and thickness, and root length was involved with root branches. On the other hand, the varietal difference of total amount of root surface area was related not to the root length, but to the root thickness. This result suggested that the emergence of the thick roots (probably primary crown roots) allowed the roots to penetrate into the deep soil layer. Therefore, it is considered that the emergence of thick roots is an important trait for the deep rooting character.
{"title":"Root Morphological Characters at Several Distances from Irrigated Trench in Rice Varieties Grown under Rain-fed Conditioned Plots","authors":"A. Arifin, R. Sjahril, M. Riadi, Naoya Arita, A. Miyazaki","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1457","url":null,"abstract":"In rain-fed area, water deficit or drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production and yield stability, and root system with deep roots is one of the most important characters. This study aimed to identify which root morphological characters induce the advantage of the deep rooting between varieties. Six varieties consisting of two groups of ecosystems, upland: NERICA1, NERICA4, NERICA7, Yumenohatamochi, and lowland: Hinohikari and Koshihikari were grown under the rain- fed condition in the field of Kochi University. The results suggested the adaptability of NERICA varieties to the upland rainfed conditions, due to the development of roots into the deep soil layer. NERICA7 had lowest soil moisture content and had a higher root weight, root surface area, root length and the number of root branching in the deep soil layer at heading stage. NERICA7 also had higher value on dry weight, surface area and thickness in total amount of root morphological characters. Varietal difference of root surface area in the deep soil layer was related to both root length and thickness, and root length was involved with root branches. On the other hand, the varietal difference of total amount of root surface area was related not to the root length, but to the root thickness. This result suggested that the emergence of the thick roots (probably primary crown roots) allowed the roots to penetrate into the deep soil layer. Therefore, it is considered that the emergence of thick roots is an important trait for the deep rooting character.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43651686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arsyad, Heliawaty Heliawaty, Y. Kawamura, S. Yusuf
This paper notes that a serious difficulty of smallholders in Indonesia is improving marketing networks of agricultural products. The marketing network in rural area is dominated by the brokers (called tengkulak). Smallholders do not have options to finance their production except for borrowing capital input from the tengkulak. Then the tengkulaks’ money will be repaid by smallholders in terms of agricultural products. It is true that smallholders get capital input, as well as daily life desires easily, on one hand. However, it also true that smallholders have no choice and they are ‘choked’ by the tengkulak in terms of price discrimination on the other hand. This phenomenon affects smallholder’s income. However, the tengkulak plays an important role in smallholder community. The first role is Financial/Capital Input provider. The tengkulak provides access to capital inputs for smallholders who are not able to get formal credit (banks). The second role is Production Process. The tengkulak facilitates smallholders in providing agricultural inputs. The third role is of Post-Production/ Marketing. The tengkulak enables smallholders to sell their agriculture products easily. The forth is Socio-religious role. Smallholders need money for schooling fees, medical care, donation for socio- religious activity by borrowing money from tengkulak without any administrative procedures. These facts above depicts that tengkulak is not truly enemy for smallholders.
{"title":"Agricultural Development-Marketing Nexus: Is Tengkulak truly Enemy of Smallholders in Indonesian Rural Area?","authors":"M. Arsyad, Heliawaty Heliawaty, Y. Kawamura, S. Yusuf","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1498","url":null,"abstract":"This paper notes that a serious difficulty of smallholders in Indonesia is improving marketing networks of agricultural products. The marketing network in rural area is dominated by the brokers (called tengkulak). Smallholders do not have options to finance their production except for borrowing capital input from the tengkulak. Then the tengkulaks’ money will be repaid by smallholders in terms of agricultural products. It is true that smallholders get capital input, as well as daily life desires easily, on one hand. However, it also true that smallholders have no choice and they are ‘choked’ by the tengkulak in terms of price discrimination on the other hand. This phenomenon affects smallholder’s income. However, the tengkulak plays an important role in smallholder community. The first role is Financial/Capital Input provider. The tengkulak provides access to capital inputs for smallholders who are not able to get formal credit (banks). The second role is Production Process. The tengkulak facilitates smallholders in providing agricultural inputs. The third role is of Post-Production/ Marketing. The tengkulak enables smallholders to sell their agriculture products easily. The forth is Socio-religious role. Smallholders need money for schooling fees, medical care, donation for socio- religious activity by borrowing money from tengkulak without any administrative procedures. These facts above depicts that tengkulak is not truly enemy for smallholders.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Larekeng, M. Restu, G. Gusmiaty, S. Millang, B. Bachtiar
Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb is an endemic tree to Sulawesi having high economic value. It has rarely been investigated, either in genetic population or genetic consevation aspects. The information regarding genetic diversity is very important in order to gain more understanding for breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity is used as material selection of expected genotype. The study was to determine genetic diversity of A. macrophyllus from Sulawesi provenances that would be used in further development of this species. Leaf samples were collected from 108 families of A. macrophyllus belong to Sulawesi provenances. Four out of ten microsatellite markers that had high polymorphism were used for amplifying the 108 DNA samples. Results showed number of allele and mean of allele were 3 to 4 alleles and 3,5, respectively. Moreover, PIC mean of the evaluated loci was 3,7. The analysis of genetic relationship showed that the 108 families had moderate level of genetic diversity. This research suggest to establish germplasm nursery via either seed from different provenance. In situ and ex situ approaches have to be applied together for conserving genetic resources of Anthocephalus macrophyllus.
{"title":"Moderate Level of Genetic Diversity in Anthocephalus Macrophyllus Roxb, an Endemic Tree of Sulawesi and Its Implication in Conservation","authors":"S. Larekeng, M. Restu, G. Gusmiaty, S. Millang, B. Bachtiar","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1449","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb is an endemic tree to Sulawesi having high economic value. It has rarely been investigated, either in genetic population or genetic consevation aspects. The information regarding genetic diversity is very important in order to gain more understanding for breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity is used as material selection of expected genotype. The study was to determine genetic diversity of A. macrophyllus from Sulawesi provenances that would be used in further development of this species. Leaf samples were collected from 108 families of A. macrophyllus belong to Sulawesi provenances. Four out of ten microsatellite markers that had high polymorphism were used for amplifying the 108 DNA samples. Results showed number of allele and mean of allele were 3 to 4 alleles and 3,5, respectively. Moreover, PIC mean of the evaluated loci was 3,7. The analysis of genetic relationship showed that the 108 families had moderate level of genetic diversity. This research suggest to establish germplasm nursery via either seed from different provenance. In situ and ex situ approaches have to be applied together for conserving genetic resources of Anthocephalus macrophyllus.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kabir, R. Karim, S. Rahman, M. H. Prince, G. Hasnat, S. Jahan
The study was carried out at the Agriculture research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) from March to October, 2017 to explore rooting performance of Aegle marmelos (Bael) through clonal propagation by stem cutting under 3 different doses of IBA (Indole Buetaric Acid) and planted in the perforated plastic tray filled with coarse sand and gravel placed in the non-mist propagator. The experiment was laid out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications (blocks). The treatments were T0= control, T1 = 0.2% IBA, T2 = 0.4% IBA, T3 = 0.8% IBA. The rooting ability of cuttings was significantly influenced by the application of IBA. The highest rooting percentage (60%) was recorded in A. marmelos both with 0.2% and 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (40%). Longest root (3 cm) was recorded with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.2% IBA (1.2 cm). The maximum root number (2.25) and root diameter (2 mm) obtained from cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA followed by 0.4% IBA (2 and 1.9 mm respectively). Survival percentage of the cutlings (the rooted cuttings) significantly enhanced by exogenous rooting hormone (IBA) application. The highest survival percentage (73.5%) was observed for the cuttings treated with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (68.5%). Findings of the present study reveal that the plant species is highly amenable for clonal propagation by stem cuttings using low-cost non-mist propagator. Considering rooting percentage, root number and and root length, 0.4% IBA treatment may be recommended for mass production of quality planting stocks. Farmers and nursery owners can be trained up regarding this low cost non-mist propagation system of Aegle marmelos for cultivation of the species in homestead agroforestry or in fruit orchards for sustainable nutritional and medicinal supply for the poor people of agrarian Bangladesh.
{"title":"Clonal Propagation of Aegle marmelos through IBA Treatment for Sustainable Nutritional and Medicinal Supply for the Poor People of Agrarian Bangladesh","authors":"M. Kabir, R. Karim, S. Rahman, M. H. Prince, G. Hasnat, S. Jahan","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1447","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out at the Agriculture research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) from March to October, 2017 to explore rooting performance of Aegle marmelos (Bael) through clonal propagation by stem cutting under 3 different doses of IBA (Indole Buetaric Acid) and planted in the perforated plastic tray filled with coarse sand and gravel placed in the non-mist propagator. The experiment was laid out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications (blocks). The treatments were T0= control, T1 = 0.2% IBA, T2 = 0.4% IBA, T3 = 0.8% IBA. The rooting ability of cuttings was significantly influenced by the application of IBA. The highest rooting percentage (60%) was recorded in A. marmelos both with 0.2% and 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (40%). Longest root (3 cm) was recorded with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.2% IBA (1.2 cm). The maximum root number (2.25) and root diameter (2 mm) obtained from cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA followed by 0.4% IBA (2 and 1.9 mm respectively). Survival percentage of the cutlings (the rooted cuttings) significantly enhanced by exogenous rooting hormone (IBA) application. The highest survival percentage (73.5%) was observed for the cuttings treated with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (68.5%). Findings of the present study reveal that the plant species is highly amenable for clonal propagation by stem cuttings using low-cost non-mist propagator. Considering rooting percentage, root number and and root length, 0.4% IBA treatment may be recommended for mass production of quality planting stocks. Farmers and nursery owners can be trained up regarding this low cost non-mist propagation system of Aegle marmelos for cultivation of the species in homestead agroforestry or in fruit orchards for sustainable nutritional and medicinal supply for the poor people of agrarian Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idham Haliq, R. Pambudy, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, Syafik Alfikri
The purpose of this research are: (1) to analyze the dimensions that construct the entrepreneurship orientation of broiler husbandry entrepreneur in partnership and independent scheme, (2) to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship orientation on business performance of broiler husbandry in the partnership and the independent scheme. This research was conducted in March-May 2017, employed 30 respondent farmers on each partnership and independent scheme. Structural-Partial Least Square Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was employed for quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicated that the dimension of entrepreneurship that can be observed from the business actors of broiler husbandry in the independent scheme at the Bogor Regency was innovative, proactive, risk- taking, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness. While in the partnership scheme there was no observable orientation dimension. The partnership scheme showed a negative and insignificant influence of entrepreneurship orientation to business performance, whereas the independent scheme showed a positive and significant influence of the entrepreneurship orientation to the business performance.
{"title":"Influence of Entrepreneurship Orientation on Business Performance of Broiler Husbandry in The Partnership and The Independent Scheme in Bogor","authors":"Idham Haliq, R. Pambudy, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, Syafik Alfikri","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1252","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research are: (1) to analyze the dimensions that construct the entrepreneurship orientation of broiler husbandry entrepreneur in partnership and independent scheme, (2) to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship orientation on business performance of broiler husbandry in the partnership and the independent scheme. This research was conducted in March-May 2017, employed 30 respondent farmers on each partnership and independent scheme. Structural-Partial Least Square Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was employed for quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicated that the dimension of entrepreneurship that can be observed from the business actors of broiler husbandry in the independent scheme at the Bogor Regency was innovative, proactive, risk- taking, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness. While in the partnership scheme there was no observable orientation dimension. The partnership scheme showed a negative and insignificant influence of entrepreneurship orientation to business performance, whereas the independent scheme showed a positive and significant influence of the entrepreneurship orientation to the business performance.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47291786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensive agricultural land use tends to reduce the content of organic matter in soil. Organic content in the soil affects the soil's ability to bind water and the efficiency of fertilizer absorption by plants. It’s as well as an important source of nutrients for plants. Therefore, the addition of organic matter in the form of compost (from sugarcane litter) is very important for maintaining the productivity of agricultural land. Use of compost as organic fertilizer on agricultural land is expected to contribute in improving soil structure and increased the production. The aims of the research are to analyze the effect of compost on the physical and mechanical properties of soil and growth of sugarcane (ratoon). The study was conducted on the sugarcane plantations dry land by measuring the physical and mechanical properties of the soil before and after treatment. Parameters measured include: organic matter content, soil moisture content, bulk density and penetration resistance. The data collection of sugarcane growth and soil fertility is done at 4th months old sugarcane (ratoon). The results showed the application of compost increases levels of organic C and N respectively 8% and 21% within 4 months. The use of compost has positive effect on physical and mechanical properties of the soil. It’s indicated by bulk density values were decreased (treatment 15 tons/ha of 1:32 g/cc at baseline to 1.1 g/cc at the final of the study). The average growth of sugarcane with compost is better than without the compost on high growth aspect (53.7 cm vs. 51.1 cm) and larger trunk diameter (1.4 cm vs. 1.0 cm).
集约化农业用地会降低土壤有机质含量。土壤中的有机含量影响土壤对水分的束缚能力和植物对肥料的吸收效率。它也是植物重要的营养来源。因此，以堆肥形式添加有机物(来自甘蔗凋落物)对于保持农业用地的生产力非常重要。在农业用地上使用堆肥作为有机肥有望改善土壤结构，提高产量。本研究的目的是分析堆肥对土壤物理力学特性和甘蔗生长的影响。以甘蔗人工林旱地为研究对象，测定了处理前后土壤的物理力学性质。测量参数包括:有机质含量、土壤含水量、容重和抗渗透能力。甘蔗生长和土壤肥力的数据采集在甘蔗生长4个月时进行。结果表明，施用堆肥4个月内有机碳、氮含量分别提高8%和21%。堆肥的使用对土壤的物理和机械特性有积极的影响。从堆积密度值可以看出，处理15吨/公顷时的初始浓度为1:32 g/cc，研究结束时为1.1 g/cc。在高长生向(53.7 cm vs. 51.1 cm)和大干径(1.4 cm vs. 1.0 cm)上，施用堆肥的甘蔗平均长势优于未施用堆肥的甘蔗。
{"title":"Effect of Sugarcane Litter Compost on Soil Compaction","authors":"Iqbal Iqbal","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1376","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive agricultural land use tends to reduce the content of organic matter in soil. Organic content in the soil affects the soil's ability to bind water and the efficiency of fertilizer absorption by plants. It’s as well as an important source of nutrients for plants. Therefore, the addition of organic matter in the form of compost (from sugarcane litter) is very important for maintaining the productivity of agricultural land. Use of compost as organic fertilizer on agricultural land is expected to contribute in improving soil structure and increased the production. The aims of the research are to analyze the effect of compost on the physical and mechanical properties of soil and growth of sugarcane (ratoon). The study was conducted on the sugarcane plantations dry land by measuring the physical and mechanical properties of the soil before and after treatment. Parameters measured include: organic matter content, soil moisture content, bulk density and penetration resistance. The data collection of sugarcane growth and soil fertility is done at 4th months old sugarcane (ratoon). The results showed the application of compost increases levels of organic C and N respectively 8% and 21% within 4 months. The use of compost has positive effect on physical and mechanical properties of the soil. It’s indicated by bulk density values were decreased (treatment 15 tons/ha of 1:32 g/cc at baseline to 1.1 g/cc at the final of the study). The average growth of sugarcane with compost is better than without the compost on high growth aspect (53.7 cm vs. 51.1 cm) and larger trunk diameter (1.4 cm vs. 1.0 cm).","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potable water with high quality is a basic requirement for human wellbeing. However, the perceptions on the quality of potable water sources and associated factors influencing the later have not been well studied. Hence, this study aims at examining the perception of water quality in rural/agricultural areas of Machakel district, North West Ethiopia. The study used cross sectional survey design. structured interviews with 293 sample respondents, who were selected using probability sampling technique, were conducted to capture their views on water quality at the source. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were used to identify factors affecting the perception of households on water quality in rural/agricultural areas. Most of the household heads used protected hand-dug well, protected spring and protected shallow well. Variables such as education, income, past experiences of health risks, chemicals (chlorine) and poor trust in supplier have a significant effect on perception of rural agricultural communities on water quality at the source. The study suggests education and chlorination of water sources to be promoted among the rural/agricultural communities to enhance better quality perception on potable water sources. On the other hand water quality control systems should be created to avoid health jeopardy from water born sickness. For high income groups it may be better to provide access to pipe water. User participation should be considered in the process of water source construction.
{"title":"Perception of Water Quality in Rural/Agricultural Areas of Machakel District, North West Ethiopia","authors":"M. Bayeh, A. Bekele","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1323","url":null,"abstract":"Potable water with high quality is a basic requirement for human wellbeing. However, the perceptions on the quality of potable water sources and associated factors influencing the later have not been well studied. Hence, this study aims at examining the perception of water quality in rural/agricultural areas of Machakel district, North West Ethiopia. The study used cross sectional survey design. structured interviews with 293 sample respondents, who were selected using probability sampling technique, were conducted to capture their views on water quality at the source. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were used to identify factors affecting the perception of households on water quality in rural/agricultural areas. Most of the household heads used protected hand-dug well, protected spring and protected shallow well. Variables such as education, income, past experiences of health risks, chemicals (chlorine) and poor trust in supplier have a significant effect on perception of rural agricultural communities on water quality at the source. The study suggests education and chlorination of water sources to be promoted among the rural/agricultural communities to enhance better quality perception on potable water sources. On the other hand water quality control systems should be created to avoid health jeopardy from water born sickness. For high income groups it may be better to provide access to pipe water. User participation should be considered in the process of water source construction.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wawan K. Tolinggi, H. Gubali, M. Baruwadi, Amelia Murtisari
Global competitiveness index report in 2015 has put Indonesia in the 30th rank on one of the research collaboration performance between university and industry as innovation pillar. This indicates that there is still lack of synergy between higher education institutions and industry to develop research output. As the answer to this challenge, the Indonesian government initiated the establishment of Science Techno Park (hereafter, STP) as business technology incubator to stimulate and to manage the flow of knowledge and technology in universities, research and development institutions, industry, and government. However, among eight existing STP and 78 more that were planned to be built, Gorontalo, as an agricultural province with the potential to develop agro STP, was not among them. This study is aimed at examining the area potentials, potential commodities, and agro-industry potentials that are feasible for developing a pilot area for agro STP in Gorontalo province as a basis for implementation of agro-industry cluster policy to strengthen the regional innovation system in Gorontalo province. The data were collected from survey and focus group discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed by using Location Quotient Method and Exponential Comparison Method. The results reveal three potential agro-industry regency areas; Gorontalo Regency, Boalemo Regency, and Gorontalo Utara Regency as well as seven leading commodities for these potential areas; corn, coconut, marine fisheries, cocoa, beef cattle, cassava, and chili. Further, for agro-industry, the most dominant potentials to be developed are flour, beef floss, chips, handicraft, and animal feed.
{"title":"Potency Analysis for Agro Science Techno Park Area Development Plan in Gorontalo Province","authors":"Wawan K. Tolinggi, H. Gubali, M. Baruwadi, Amelia Murtisari","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V6I1.1281","url":null,"abstract":"Global competitiveness index report in 2015 has put Indonesia in the 30th rank on one of the research collaboration performance between university and industry as innovation pillar. This indicates that there is still lack of synergy between higher education institutions and industry to develop research output. As the answer to this challenge, the Indonesian government initiated the establishment of Science Techno Park (hereafter, STP) as business technology incubator to stimulate and to manage the flow of knowledge and technology in universities, research and development institutions, industry, and government. However, among eight existing STP and 78 more that were planned to be built, Gorontalo, as an agricultural province with the potential to develop agro STP, was not among them. This study is aimed at examining the area potentials, potential commodities, and agro-industry potentials that are feasible for developing a pilot area for agro STP in Gorontalo province as a basis for implementation of agro-industry cluster policy to strengthen the regional innovation system in Gorontalo province. The data were collected from survey and focus group discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed by using Location Quotient Method and Exponential Comparison Method. The results reveal three potential agro-industry regency areas; Gorontalo Regency, Boalemo Regency, and Gorontalo Utara Regency as well as seven leading commodities for these potential areas; corn, coconut, marine fisheries, cocoa, beef cattle, cassava, and chili. Further, for agro-industry, the most dominant potentials to be developed are flour, beef floss, chips, handicraft, and animal feed.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"6 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sanitary and Phytosanitary policy has an effect on decreasing export value of Indonesian Cocoa while Technical Barrier to Trade has no significant effect. SPS policy is mostly applied to Cocoa Beans while TBT is more applied to processed cocoa. So, Indonesia needs to improve the processing of cocoa beans such as cacao shells, cacao paste, cacao butter, cacao powder, chocolate and other preparations. The government needs to provide socialization to Indonesian cocoa agribusiness entrepreneurs in the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary policy. Government programs or policies are designed according to the characteristics of SPS and TBT.
{"title":"Impact of Non Tariff Measure on Indonesian Cacao Exports","authors":"A. T. Darhyati, S. Suharno, A. Rifin","doi":"10.20956/IJAS.V5I2.1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAS.V5I2.1191","url":null,"abstract":"Increased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sanitary and Phytosanitary policy has an effect on decreasing export value of Indonesian Cocoa while Technical Barrier to Trade has no significant effect. SPS policy is mostly applied to Cocoa Beans while TBT is more applied to processed cocoa. So, Indonesia needs to improve the processing of cocoa beans such as cacao shells, cacao paste, cacao butter, cacao powder, chocolate and other preparations. The government needs to provide socialization to Indonesian cocoa agribusiness entrepreneurs in the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary policy. Government programs or policies are designed according to the characteristics of SPS and TBT.","PeriodicalId":30744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture System","volume":"5 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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