: Sustainable palm oil production needs to be based on the application of a code of good practices, respecting a certain number of criteria related to economic, environmental and social aspects. We focus here on economic and environmental aspects, attempting to take stock of the current situation regarding the management of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides), and of oil mill waste (empty fruit bunches, effluent). We also take a look at the main agricultural research required if we are to be able to assess the situation on different scales and see how it is evolving, and also provide assistance for rational management that is compatible with farmers’ production targets.
{"title":"Agronomy, sustainability and good agricultural practices","authors":"J. Caliman, A. Berthaud, B. Dubos, B. Tailliez","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2005.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2005.0134","url":null,"abstract":": Sustainable palm oil production needs to be based on the application of a code of good practices, respecting a certain number of criteria related to economic, environmental and social aspects. We focus here on economic and environmental aspects, attempting to take stock of the current situation regarding the management of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides), and of oil mill waste (empty fruit bunches, effluent). We also take a look at the main agricultural research required if we are to be able to assess the situation on different scales and see how it is evolving, and also provide assistance for rational management that is compatible with farmers’ production targets.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"1 1","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86420547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maceration is a particular contact process between virgin oil (as a solvent) and seeds, leaves or plant extracts (as a solid). This process enables the extraction of liposoluble content of the solid by ordinary pressure, using the virgin oil as a natural solvent. Moreover, it allows the extraction of liposoluble materials which are hardly extractable by simple pressure. In this review, traditional macerates and their cosmetic uses are reported.
{"title":"Actualité des lipides en cosmétique : Recettes de macérâts huileux: intérêt pour la cosmétique","authors":"Fabrice Turon","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0411","url":null,"abstract":"The maceration is a particular contact process between virgin oil (as a solvent) and seeds, leaves or plant extracts (as a solid). This process enables the extraction of liposoluble content of the solid by ordinary pressure, using the virgin oil as a natural solvent. Moreover, it allows the extraction of liposoluble materials which are hardly extractable by simple pressure. In this review, traditional macerates and their cosmetic uses are reported.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"11 1","pages":"411-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81771064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’association de l’agriculture et de l’elevage (AAE) est une realite diverse, complexe et controversee : panacee ou solution miracle pour les uns, discours incantatoire ou technique limitee pour les autres. Il est vrai que les conditions de cette integration sont tres variables selon les situations agraires auxquelles on s’interesse et que ces conditions varient egalement dans le temps.Il n’en reste pas moins que cette solution a profondement marque l’evolution des agricultures du Monde, avec, certes, de forts decalages historiques [1-3]. Cette association que l’on peut aussi qualifier de « polyculture-elevage » est en effet, sans doute, encore de nos jours, une voie d’intensification durable importante des systemes de production agricole en regions chaudes, comme elle l’a ete historiquement pour nos agricultures du Nord. Mais les contextes ont beaucoup evolue et il faut, bien sur, revisiter ce debat recurrent.Les fortes evolutions observees recemment, sous l’effet notamment de la croissance demographique qui reste forte au Sud et de l’urbanisation qui s’y accelere aussi, invitent a reconsiderer les caracteristiques des milieux auxquels on s’interesse et les perspectives de developpement durable qui s’y presentent ; il faut en effet tenir compte dans nos analyses et propositions de la densite agricole et humaine, de l’etat des ressources naturelles, de l’importance des troupeaux, des marches, de l’acces aux intrants, etc. En outre, les situations agraires sont souvent bien differentes dans les regions chaudes des pays en developpement du Sud et dans les agricultures des pays industrialises du Nord pour de nombreuses raisons historiques, economiques et politiques.Aussi, les relations entre l’agriculture et l’elevage qui en resultent peuvent apparaitre comme des effets de ces differents facteurs et de ces evolutions, mais aussi comme des indicateurs qui permettent (parmi d’autres) de caracteriser ces diverses situations.Sans vouloir etre exhaustif, nous pouvons tenter de rappeler certaines caracteristiques fondamentales de ces relations agriculture-elevage.
{"title":"Les relations agriculture-élevage","authors":"P. Lhoste","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0253","url":null,"abstract":"L’association de l’agriculture et de l’elevage (AAE) est une realite diverse, complexe et controversee : panacee ou solution miracle pour les uns, discours incantatoire ou technique limitee pour les autres. Il est vrai que les conditions de cette integration sont tres variables selon les situations agraires auxquelles on s’interesse et que ces conditions varient egalement dans le temps.Il n’en reste pas moins que cette solution a profondement marque l’evolution des agricultures du Monde, avec, certes, de forts decalages historiques [1-3]. Cette association que l’on peut aussi qualifier de « polyculture-elevage » est en effet, sans doute, encore de nos jours, une voie d’intensification durable importante des systemes de production agricole en regions chaudes, comme elle l’a ete historiquement pour nos agricultures du Nord. Mais les contextes ont beaucoup evolue et il faut, bien sur, revisiter ce debat recurrent.Les fortes evolutions observees recemment, sous l’effet notamment de la croissance demographique qui reste forte au Sud et de l’urbanisation qui s’y accelere aussi, invitent a reconsiderer les caracteristiques des milieux auxquels on s’interesse et les perspectives de developpement durable qui s’y presentent ; il faut en effet tenir compte dans nos analyses et propositions de la densite agricole et humaine, de l’etat des ressources naturelles, de l’importance des troupeaux, des marches, de l’acces aux intrants, etc. En outre, les situations agraires sont souvent bien differentes dans les regions chaudes des pays en developpement du Sud et dans les agricultures des pays industrialises du Nord pour de nombreuses raisons historiques, economiques et politiques.Aussi, les relations entre l’agriculture et l’elevage qui en resultent peuvent apparaitre comme des effets de ces differents facteurs et de ces evolutions, mais aussi comme des indicateurs qui permettent (parmi d’autres) de caracteriser ces diverses situations.Sans vouloir etre exhaustif, nous pouvons tenter de rappeler certaines caracteristiques fondamentales de ces relations agriculture-elevage.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"36 1","pages":"253-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88391453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Labouisse, T. Sileye, J. Morin, Chantal Hamelin, L. Baudouin, R. Bourdeix, A. Rouzière
: From 1962 to 2002, at the Saraoutou research station on the island of Santo in Vanuatu, a hybrid creation programme was implemented to improve the productive potential of coconut cultivars. The first stage was to create a collection by introducing around thirty exotic varieties. All those varieties and most of the 60 hybrids created proved to be susceptible to coconut foliar decay, a viral disease transmitted by Myndus taffini and endemic in Vanuatu. Only the Vanuatu Tall populations and two hybrids (Vanuatu Red Dwarf ◊ Vanuatu Tall and Vanuatu Tall ◊ Rennell Island Tall) displayed tolerance enabling their distribution to farmers. The author indicates the origin of the parents and the production characteristics of these two hybrids. The Vanuatu Red Dwarf ◊ Vanuatu Tall hybrid expresses good hybrid vigour with a production potential ranging from 2.5 to 3.4 tons per hectare per year. However, it does have several defects: slow germination and a highly irregular final germinated nut rate, susceptibility to cyclones when young, premature nut fall sometimes seen on young palms, and a mediocre copra content (between 135 and 160 g). The Vanuatu Tall ◊ Rennell Island Tall hybrid stands out through its early start to bearing (4 years), its vigour and its good adaptation to cyclones. The copra content of its nuts (between 210 and 245 g) is better than that of the Vanuatu Tall, making copra preparation easier. Its production ranges from 2.5 to 3 tons per hectare per year, which is around 30% better than the improved Vanuatu Tall (Elite Vanuatu Tall). However, dissemination of this hybrid, which can only be produced in centralized seed gardens, is limited by the cost of production and of transport throughout the archipelago. Only large-scale Elite Vanuatu Tall production in decentralized seed gardens would enable a significant improvement in coconut productivity in Vanuatu.
{"title":"Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genetic improvement in Vanuatu: Overview of research achievements from 1962 to 2002. Part 2: Improvement of the Vanuatu Tall by hybridization*","authors":"J. Labouisse, T. Sileye, J. Morin, Chantal Hamelin, L. Baudouin, R. Bourdeix, A. Rouzière","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0354","url":null,"abstract":": From 1962 to 2002, at the Saraoutou research station on the island of Santo in Vanuatu, a hybrid creation programme was implemented to improve the productive potential of coconut cultivars. The first stage was to create a collection by introducing around thirty exotic varieties. All those varieties and most of the 60 hybrids created proved to be susceptible to coconut foliar decay, a viral disease transmitted by Myndus taffini and endemic in Vanuatu. Only the Vanuatu Tall populations and two hybrids (Vanuatu Red Dwarf ◊ Vanuatu Tall and Vanuatu Tall ◊ Rennell Island Tall) displayed tolerance enabling their distribution to farmers. The author indicates the origin of the parents and the production characteristics of these two hybrids. The Vanuatu Red Dwarf ◊ Vanuatu Tall hybrid expresses good hybrid vigour with a production potential ranging from 2.5 to 3.4 tons per hectare per year. However, it does have several defects: slow germination and a highly irregular final germinated nut rate, susceptibility to cyclones when young, premature nut fall sometimes seen on young palms, and a mediocre copra content (between 135 and 160 g). The Vanuatu Tall ◊ Rennell Island Tall hybrid stands out through its early start to bearing (4 years), its vigour and its good adaptation to cyclones. The copra content of its nuts (between 210 and 245 g) is better than that of the Vanuatu Tall, making copra preparation easier. Its production ranges from 2.5 to 3 tons per hectare per year, which is around 30% better than the improved Vanuatu Tall (Elite Vanuatu Tall). However, dissemination of this hybrid, which can only be produced in centralized seed gardens, is limited by the cost of production and of transport throughout the archipelago. Only large-scale Elite Vanuatu Tall production in decentralized seed gardens would enable a significant improvement in coconut productivity in Vanuatu.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"29 1","pages":"170-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82273954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Khadari, Nathalie Moutier, S. P. D. Sel, Françoise Dosba
To determine the best combination of SSR markers for genotype discrimination, 58 olive accessions were analysed by 12 SSR loci using the sequencer. Based on 54 alleles, 58 genotypes were characterised. A set of 8 SSR loci was selected as the most efficient combination with a very low probability to obtain a given genotype under random association (ranged between 1.16 10 -10 to 6.56 10 -6 ). Only 17 molecular profile pairs among 1653 pairwise comparisons were distinguished by 1 to 6 alleles. Five cases of homonymy were detected for Germaine, Noirette and Rougette de Pignan. Further SSR loci should be added in order to validate genotype characterisation.
{"title":"Molecular characterisation of french olive cultivars using microsatellites: towards the establishment of a reference genotype database : Oléiculture et huile d'olive : les évolutions","authors":"B. Khadari, Nathalie Moutier, S. P. D. Sel, Françoise Dosba","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0225","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the best combination of SSR markers for genotype discrimination, 58 olive accessions were analysed by 12 SSR loci using the sequencer. Based on 54 alleles, 58 genotypes were characterised. A set of 8 SSR loci was selected as the most efficient combination with a very low probability to obtain a given genotype under random association (ranged between 1.16 10 -10 to 6.56 10 -6 ). Only 17 molecular profile pairs among 1653 pairwise comparisons were distinguished by 1 to 6 alleles. Five cases of homonymy were detected for Germaine, Noirette and Rougette de Pignan. Further SSR loci should be added in order to validate genotype characterisation.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"5 1","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89619895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutraceutical is a modern marketing term and a source of much confusion, nowhere more obviously than in the field of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The world supply of vegetable oils includes an abundance of an unsaturated and omega 6 (or n-6) C18 fatty acid, linoleic, which has been declared for decades as essential for elongation to the C20 trienoic and tetraenoic n-6 fatty acids vital to the functioning of our body systems. It also keeps most of the vegetable oils liquid or semi-liquid. A frequent minor partner fatty acid is the C18 omega 3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) which was sensitive to oxidation and therefore a nuisance in salad and frying oils and margarines. Wherever possible, it was reduced or eliminated. Within the last two decades we have realized that our conversion of 18:3n-3 to the truly essential 20:5n-3 (EPA) and especially 22:6n-3 (DHA), via 22:5n-3 (DPA), is poor, and we have depended on DHA from eggs and certain animal meats. Fish and shellfish for both were the most useful sources in our diets but were not recognized officially until 1996. Then U.K. Report No. 46 recommended eating fish twice a week, one being oily. More recently the American Heart Association has followed suit. This review shows how the microalgae of the oceans produce and concentrate generous supplies of these two highly desirable dietary fatty acids available from a truly functional food!
{"title":"The Ocean supplies more EPA and DHA than we can use : Acides gras oméga 3 : sources, extraction, formulation","authors":"R. G. Ackman","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Nutraceutical is a modern marketing term and a source of much confusion, nowhere more obviously than in the field of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The world supply of vegetable oils includes an abundance of an unsaturated and omega 6 (or n-6) C18 fatty acid, linoleic, which has been declared for decades as essential for elongation to the C20 trienoic and tetraenoic n-6 fatty acids vital to the functioning of our body systems. It also keeps most of the vegetable oils liquid or semi-liquid. A frequent minor partner fatty acid is the C18 omega 3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) which was sensitive to oxidation and therefore a nuisance in salad and frying oils and margarines. Wherever possible, it was reduced or eliminated. Within the last two decades we have realized that our conversion of 18:3n-3 to the truly essential 20:5n-3 (EPA) and especially 22:6n-3 (DHA), via 22:5n-3 (DPA), is poor, and we have depended on DHA from eggs and certain animal meats. Fish and shellfish for both were the most useful sources in our diets but were not recognized officially until 1996. Then U.K. Report No. 46 recommended eating fish twice a week, one being oily. More recently the American Heart Association has followed suit. This review shows how the microalgae of the oceans produce and concentrate generous supplies of these two highly desirable dietary fatty acids available from a truly functional food!","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"51 1","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76242075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increase the consumption of long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3 PUFA) is highly recommended for their health benefits. However, these fatty acids are very prone to oxidation, which can impair sensory, nutritional and functional properties of foods. In this paper the various ways that increase LC ω3 PUFA stability during processing and storage of food products are reviewed. To efficiently protect LCω3 PUFA during processing and storage of foods, a combined strategy, taking into account both the matrix and the process should be undertaken. First the quality of the raw materials should be rigorously controlled by, for example, increasing contents of in situ antioxidants and decreasing length of storage. Then, during processing and storage of LC ω3 PUFA concentrates and LC ω3 PUFA enriched foods all pro-oxidant factors, such as oxygen and temperature, has to be carefully managed. An other way is to encapsulate the oils and add antioxidant substances, but the influence of the structure of the matrix and its organisation on antioxidants partition and their activity and on the oxidability of the fatty material as function of its chemical structure should be also taken into account.
{"title":"Comment protéger les acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes oméga 3 (AGPI - LC ω3) vis-à-vis de l'oxydation ? : Acides gras oméga 3 : sources, extraction, formulation","authors":"C. Génot, Sylvie Eymard, Michel Viau","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0133","url":null,"abstract":"Increase the consumption of long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3 PUFA) is highly recommended for their health benefits. However, these fatty acids are very prone to oxidation, which can impair sensory, nutritional and functional properties of foods. In this paper the various ways that increase LC ω3 PUFA stability during processing and storage of food products are reviewed. To efficiently protect LCω3 PUFA during processing and storage of foods, a combined strategy, taking into account both the matrix and the process should be undertaken. First the quality of the raw materials should be rigorously controlled by, for example, increasing contents of in situ antioxidants and decreasing length of storage. Then, during processing and storage of LC ω3 PUFA concentrates and LC ω3 PUFA enriched foods all pro-oxidant factors, such as oxygen and temperature, has to be carefully managed. An other way is to encapsulate the oils and add antioxidant substances, but the influence of the structure of the matrix and its organisation on antioxidants partition and their activity and on the oxidability of the fatty material as function of its chemical structure should be also taken into account.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"46 1","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89061139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omega 3 fatty acids are issued from linolenic acid (18:3ω3). Nutritional interest about ω3 fatty acids has begun since the epidemiological studies of Dyerberg et al. have shown a relationship between consumption of marine fats and reduction of cardiovascular diseases. Long-chain ω3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic (20:5ω3 or EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6ω3 or DHA) acids, are considered to be the main bioactive components in marine sources. Other studies have confirmed that consumption of fish ou EPA/DHA supplements may reduce mortality in patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction. Beneficial effects of ω3 fatty acids are also recognized in inflammatory disorders. The main mechanism involved for those effects is assumed to be the interference between long-chain ω3 fatty acids and the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in blood and vascular cells. In those cells, AA may be released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A 2 and subsequently oxygenated into eicosanoids (overall called AA cascade). According to the cell, oxygenated products from AA include thromboxane (platelets), prostacyclin (endothelial cells) and leukotrienes (leukocytes). EPA and DHA can interfere with AA cascade by several ways to reduce the vascular risk. However, high intake of such fatty acids may increase lipid peroxidation and have deleterious effects, in particular in subjects suffering from oxidative stress, whereas law may exert antioxidant activity. We conclude that a moderate consumption of long-chain ω3 fatty acids can protect against cardiovascular dysfunction.
{"title":"Effets et métabolismes spécifiques des acides gras ω3 : Acides gras oméga 3 : aspects métaboliques","authors":"M. Lagarde, Evelyne Véricel","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2004.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2004.0055","url":null,"abstract":"Omega 3 fatty acids are issued from linolenic acid (18:3ω3). Nutritional interest about ω3 fatty acids has begun since the epidemiological studies of Dyerberg et al. have shown a relationship between consumption of marine fats and reduction of cardiovascular diseases. Long-chain ω3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic (20:5ω3 or EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6ω3 or DHA) acids, are considered to be the main bioactive components in marine sources. Other studies have confirmed that consumption of fish ou EPA/DHA supplements may reduce mortality in patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction. Beneficial effects of ω3 fatty acids are also recognized in inflammatory disorders. The main mechanism involved for those effects is assumed to be the interference between long-chain ω3 fatty acids and the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in blood and vascular cells. In those cells, AA may be released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A 2 and subsequently oxygenated into eicosanoids (overall called AA cascade). According to the cell, oxygenated products from AA include thromboxane (platelets), prostacyclin (endothelial cells) and leukotrienes (leukocytes). EPA and DHA can interfere with AA cascade by several ways to reduce the vascular risk. However, high intake of such fatty acids may increase lipid peroxidation and have deleterious effects, in particular in subjects suffering from oxidative stress, whereas law may exert antioxidant activity. We conclude that a moderate consumption of long-chain ω3 fatty acids can protect against cardiovascular dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"52 1","pages":"55-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89039656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. D. Oliveira, H. Khiem, Y. Pouilloux, J. Barrault
Les composes naturels sont en majorite dans la configuration cis mais au cours de leur transformation ils peuvent facilement s'isomeriser en composes trans qui pourraient etre a l'origine de certaines maladies cardio-vasculaires. L'objectif de notre etude est de suivre la reaction d'isomerisation cis-trans de l'oleate de methyle et de l'alcool oleique sous azote et hydrogene en presence de catalyseurs CoSn supportes sur alumine et prepares par differentes techniques (sol-gel ou coimpregnation). Cette etude a montre que les catalyseurs monometalliques ne permettent pas l'isomerisation cis-trans de l'ester ou de l'alcool sous atmosphere d'azote ou d'hydrogene. En revanche, l'association du cobalt et de l'etain favorise l'isomerisation cis-trans de l'ester methylique lorsque la reaction est realisee en milieu hydrogenant, l'activite initiale etant tres augmentee lorsque la pression d'hydrogene passe de 1 a 80 bar. La presence de cobalt metallique semble favoriser la reaction d'isomerisation, puisque les systemes CoSn prepares par voie sol-gel et exempts d'especes metalliques s'averent moins isomerisants. Toutefois, l'ajout d'etain limite la reaction d'isomerisation par recouvrement des especes cobalt en inhibant l'adsorption et l'activation de l'hydrogene. L'alcool oleique seul est preferentiellement deshydrate en presence du systeme CoSn mais il peut aussi s'isomeriser sous forte pression d'hydrogene.
{"title":"Réaction d'isomérisation de l'oléate de méthyle et de l'alcool oléique en présence de catalyseurs bimétalliques CoSn supportés : Dossier: Lipochimie, environement, innovations","authors":"K. D. Oliveira, H. Khiem, Y. Pouilloux, J. Barrault","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2003.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2003.0374","url":null,"abstract":"Les composes naturels sont en majorite dans la configuration cis mais au cours de leur transformation ils peuvent facilement s'isomeriser en composes trans qui pourraient etre a l'origine de certaines maladies cardio-vasculaires. L'objectif de notre etude est de suivre la reaction d'isomerisation cis-trans de l'oleate de methyle et de l'alcool oleique sous azote et hydrogene en presence de catalyseurs CoSn supportes sur alumine et prepares par differentes techniques (sol-gel ou coimpregnation). Cette etude a montre que les catalyseurs monometalliques ne permettent pas l'isomerisation cis-trans de l'ester ou de l'alcool sous atmosphere d'azote ou d'hydrogene. En revanche, l'association du cobalt et de l'etain favorise l'isomerisation cis-trans de l'ester methylique lorsque la reaction est realisee en milieu hydrogenant, l'activite initiale etant tres augmentee lorsque la pression d'hydrogene passe de 1 a 80 bar. La presence de cobalt metallique semble favoriser la reaction d'isomerisation, puisque les systemes CoSn prepares par voie sol-gel et exempts d'especes metalliques s'averent moins isomerisants. Toutefois, l'ajout d'etain limite la reaction d'isomerisation par recouvrement des especes cobalt en inhibant l'adsorption et l'activation de l'hydrogene. L'alcool oleique seul est preferentiellement deshydrate en presence du systeme CoSn mais il peut aussi s'isomeriser sous forte pression d'hydrogene.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"15 1","pages":"374-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90682809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oilseed rope (Brassica napus L.) is known for its high capacity to absorb mineral N from the soil profile and therefore can be grown as a catch crop to reduce nitrate leaching from arable cropping systems. However, the N harvest index of this crop is usually low, due in part to a low ability to remobilize N from leaves and to the fall of N-rich leaves which allows a significant amount of N to return to the environment. Our hypothesis of work was that the efficiency with which leaf N is mobilized to the seeds might be improved by increasing N storage within the plant through alternative sinks. It has, for example, been shown in both herbaceous and woody species that N con be transiently stored as vegetative storage proteins (VSP), which con be hydrolyzed to supply developing sinks with N. The objectives of this study were first, to quantify and distinguish by N-15 labelling between the origin of the N used for pod filling, namely from uptake or from vegetative tissue mobilization, secondly to describe the kinetic behaviour of different source tissues and, lastly, to identify some proteins that might be involved in N storage.
{"title":"Remplissage en azote des siliques et des graines de colza (Brassica napus L.) : estimation des flux par marquage isotopique et caractérisation des protéines impliquées dans la mise en réserve","authors":"Laurence Rossato, P. Laîné, A. Ourry","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2003.0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2003.0226","url":null,"abstract":"Oilseed rope (Brassica napus L.) is known for its high capacity to absorb mineral N from the soil profile and therefore can be grown as a catch crop to reduce nitrate leaching from arable cropping systems. However, the N harvest index of this crop is usually low, due in part to a low ability to remobilize N from leaves and to the fall of N-rich leaves which allows a significant amount of N to return to the environment. Our hypothesis of work was that the efficiency with which leaf N is mobilized to the seeds might be improved by increasing N storage within the plant through alternative sinks. It has, for example, been shown in both herbaceous and woody species that N con be transiently stored as vegetative storage proteins (VSP), which con be hydrolyzed to supply developing sinks with N. The objectives of this study were first, to quantify and distinguish by N-15 labelling between the origin of the N used for pod filling, namely from uptake or from vegetative tissue mobilization, secondly to describe the kinetic behaviour of different source tissues and, lastly, to identify some proteins that might be involved in N storage.","PeriodicalId":30815,"journal":{"name":"Oleagineux Corps gras Lipides","volume":"62 1","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76943908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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