Environment International最新文献_第10页

Non-target screening and laboratory experiments reveal the transformation products and negligible trifluoroacetic acid formation potential of PFAS pesticides and pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants 非靶点筛选和实验室实验揭示了PFAS农药和药物在废水处理厂的转化产物和可忽略不计的三氟乙酸形成潜力

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110062

Shaoyang Li , Wenxuan Luo , Zhile Pan , Junjie Li , Xinyu Ma , Yanran Dong , Kuo Zhang , Weiling Sun , Nan Xu

The increasing use of fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals has raised global concerns. Among them, substances containing –CF₃ group are referred to as PFAS pesticides and pharmaceuticals (PFAS PPs) in this study and exhibit higher bioaccumulation and persistence. Moreover, their transformation products (TPs) may enhance their hazards. In this study, actual field monitoring and laboratory simulation experiments were conducted to reveal the occurrence, removal, risk, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation potential of PFAS PPs and TPs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Five PFAS PPs and twelve TPs were identified in wastewater, among which 7 TPs were detected for the first time in the environment. PFAS pharmaceuticals showed the highest average concentrations (127 ng/L) among 33 classes of PFAS detected in influent. Average removal rates of 17 PFAS PPs and TPs ranged from −76.6% to 81.5%. Activated sludge assays revealed that the negative removal of PFAS PPs was attributed to reconversion of their human metabolites. TPs of PFAS pesticides and PFAS pharmaceuticals exhibited higher bioaccumulation and mobility, respectively. TFA molar yields of the seven PFAS PPs and TPs ranged from 4.7% to 19.8% in the total oxidation precursor assays. However, no TFA formation was observed after biodegradation of the seven PFAS PPs and TPs by activated sludge simulating real conditions, indicating that they are unlikely to be transformed into TFA in real WWTPs. These results reveal the significance of unconventional PFAS PPs and TPs for overall PFAS in wastewater, highlighting the need to move beyond conventional PFAS toward the fast-growing PFAS PPs.

越来越多地使用含氟农药和药品已引起全球关注。其中，含有-CF3基团的物质在本研究中被称为PFAS农药和药物（PFAS PPs），具有较高的生物蓄积性和持久性。此外，它们的转化产物（TPs）可能会增加它们的危害。本研究通过实际现场监测和室内模拟实验，揭示了污水处理厂（WWTPs）中PFAS PPs和TPs的发生、去除、风险和三氟乙酸（TFA）形成潜力。在废水中鉴定出5种PFAS PPs和12种TPs，其中7种TPs为首次在环境中检测到。在进水中检测到的33类PFAS中，PFAS药物的平均浓度最高（127 ng/L）。17种PFAS PPs和tp的平均去除率为- 76.6% ~ 81.5%。活性污泥试验显示，PFAS PPs的负去除归因于其人体代谢物的再转化。PFAS农药的TPs和PFAS药物的TPs分别表现出较高的生物蓄积性和迁移性。在总氧化前体试验中，7种PFAS PPs和tp的TFA摩尔产率从4.7%到19.8%不等。然而，在模拟真实条件的活性污泥生物降解7种PFAS PPs和tp后，没有观察到TFA的形成，这表明它们不太可能在真实的污水处理厂中转化为TFA。这些结果揭示了非常规PFAS PPs和TPs对废水中整体PFAS的重要性，强调了从传统PFAS转向快速增长的PFAS PPs的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Physiologically based kinetic modelling for species extrapolation of toxicokinetic data between small mammals: A systematic evaluation 小型哺乳动物间毒物动力学数据外推的生理动力学建模：系统评价。

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110003

L. Villain , S. Schaller , D. Lefaudeux , L.S. Lautz , M. Siccardi , D. Heckmann

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) necessitates the evaluation of numerous species that cannot be directly tested due to ethical and resource limitations. Thus, cross-species extrapolation of experimental data is essential for ERA, especially in the context of mechanistically informed (next generation) risk assessments. Physiologically based Kinetic (PBK) models allow for cross-species extrapolation of toxicokinetic (TK) data in ecotoxicology, but a systematic evaluation of performance and data requirements for this application is lacking. This study aimed to assess the data requirements and performance of PBK models when extrapolating TK data among small mammals. We parameterized PBK models for three mammal species (Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the PK-Sim software and performed cross-species extrapolations for nine compounds, all six possible reference-target species combinations, while systematically omitting available (in vitro) data.

The results indicate a substantial improvement in prediction performance over bodyweight-scaled models, with clearance data contributing most significantly to performance. Notably, a limited in vitro dataset can enable robust extrapolation that approaches the accuracy of a direct fit to the target data. Data from Rattus norvegicus, a common reference species in ecotoxicology, yielded good performance when extrapolating to the other two species. For all three species, prediction accuracy may decline when extrapolating beyond the dose range of the reference dataset or in the presence of saturation effects. The established framework and codebase can be expanded to include additional compounds, species, and administration routes, facilitating a data-efficient ERA with mechanistic models.

环境风险评估（ERA）需要对许多由于伦理和资源限制而无法直接测试的物种进行评估。因此，实验数据的跨物种外推对于ERA至关重要，特别是在机械信息（下一代）风险评估的背景下。基于生理学的动力学（PBK）模型允许生态毒理学中毒物动力学（TK）数据的跨物种外推，但缺乏对该应用的性能和数据要求的系统评估。本研究旨在评估PBK模型外推小型哺乳动物TK数据时的数据需求和性能。我们在PK-Sim软件中参数化了三种哺乳动物（褐家鼠、小家鼠、小家鼠）的PBK模型，并对九种化合物（所有六种可能的参考靶点物种组合）进行了跨物种外推，同时系统地省略了可用的（体外）数据。结果表明，与体重比例模型相比，预测性能有了实质性的提高，其中清除数据对性能的贡献最为显著。值得注意的是，有限的体外数据集可以实现稳健的外推，接近直接拟合目标数据的准确性。褐家鼠是生态毒理学中常用的参考物种，当外推到其他两个物种时，褐家鼠的数据得到了很好的结果。对于这三种物质，当外推超出参考数据集的剂量范围或存在饱和效应时，预测精度可能会下降。可以扩展已建立的框架和代码库，以包括额外的化合物、物种和管理路线，从而促进具有机制模型的数据高效的ERA。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the severe urban pollution crisis in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: mobile measurements and source characterization 评估波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那萨拉热窝的严重城市污染危机：移动测量和来源特征

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110009

Michael Bauer , Jay G. Slowik , Marta Via , Peeyush Khare , Benjamin Chazeau , Kristina Glojek , Manousos Manousakas , Zachary C.J. Decker , Asta Gregorič , Almir Bijedić , Enis Krečinić , Griša Močnik , Katja Džepina , André S.H. Prévôt

Particulate air pollution is the leading environmental risk factor, contributing substantially to global morbidity and mortality. In the Western Balkans, air quality during winter months is among the poorest observed in Europe. Nevertheless, detailed chemical characterization of air pollution in the region remains limited, although such information is essential for identifying emission sources and supporting effective mitigation strategies. Therefore, a mobile measurement campaign was conducted in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in January 2023 as part of the SArajevo AEROsol Experiment (SAAERO). The spatial distribution and chemical composition of particle- and gas-phase pollutants were investigated using multiple high-resolution instruments. Organic aerosol (OA), as a key component, accounted for 59% of the total submicron particulate matter (PM₁). Source apportionment of the OA using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) resolved five distinct sources: two solid fuel combustion sources (SFC1 and SFC2), traffic (HOA), cooking (COA), and oxygenated OA (OOA). While daytime variation across the city was limited, an east–west pollution gradient emerged during evening hours, largely driven by SFC. SFC contributions to OA ranged from 45 to 54 % in predominantly residential areas outside the city center and amounted to 35 % in the center. In contrast, COA was highest in the center (14%), spatially aligned with restaurant locations.

These findings show that pollution sources contribute non-uniformly in different parts of Sarajevo especially during evening hours. By combining spatially resolved measurements with source apportionment, this study provides valuable insights into pollution sources and their chemical composition in Sarajevo, a highly polluted but still largely understudied area in Europe.

空气微粒污染是主要的环境风险因素，在很大程度上导致了全球发病率和死亡率。在西巴尔干地区，冬季的空气质量是欧洲最差的。尽管如此，该区域空气污染的详细化学特征仍然有限，尽管此类信息对于确定排放源和支持有效的缓解战略至关重要。因此，作为萨拉热窝气溶胶实验（SAAERO）的一部分，于2023年1月在萨拉热窝（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）开展了移动测量运动。利用多台高分辨率仪器研究了颗粒和气相污染物的空间分布和化学成分。有机气溶胶（OA）占亚微米颗粒物（PM1）总量的59%，是关键成分。利用正矩阵分解（PMF）对OA进行了源解析，解析出5种不同的源：两种固体燃料燃烧源（SFC1和SFC2）、交通（HOA）、烹饪（COA）和氧化OA （OOA）。虽然白天在整个城市的变化有限，但在夜间出现了东西向的污染梯度，主要是由SFC驱动的。SFC对市中心以外主要居民区的OA贡献在45%至54%之间，在市中心达到35%。相比之下，COA在中心最高（14%），在空间上与餐厅位置一致。这些调查结果表明，污染源在萨拉热窝不同地区的贡献不均匀，特别是在夜间。通过将空间分辨测量与源解析相结合，本研究为萨拉热窝的污染源及其化学成分提供了有价值的见解，萨拉热窝是欧洲一个高度污染但仍未得到充分研究的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Benchmarking environmental risks of plant protection products: Toward a comparative and systems-based approach in the EU pesticide regulation 植物保护产品的环境风险基准：欧盟农药法规的比较和系统方法

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110013

Paul N. Ozoh , Johan Axelman , Annette Aldrich , Sabine Duquesne , Jonathan Jupke , Matthias Liess , Paula Scharlach , Ayesha Siddique , Susana Loureiro , Ralf B. Schäfer

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products (PPPs) in the European Union is conducted on a substance-by-substance basis. This hampers the comparison of risks across substances, taxa, uses, or ecosystems, thereby limiting the identification of lower-risk alternatives. We propose a conceptual framework for benchmarking, i.e., systematic comparison and ranking of PPPs based on standardised risk profiles. The framework builds on our analyses of key challenges in the current ERA, including heterogeneity in higher-tier data, divergent representative use scenarios, inconsistent time scales, and the absence of a centralised data repository. The framework addresses these issues by promoting consistent criteria, streamlining input variables, and enhancing data integration. The practical applicability is illustrated with a proof-of-concept using Tier 1 aquatic effect data and FOCUS Step 1 exposure. Benchmarking outcomes may be influenced by current gaps in hazard assessment, but the framework is designed for iterative updates and can be extended to biocontrol agents through adjustable endpoints. By leveraging harmonised test methods and existing regulatory data, the framework aims to support science-based, comparative, and adaptive ERA processes. This approach supports a shift from a substance-by-substance review to a comparative, systems-based ERA. Implementing benchmarking would enhance regulatory efficiency, improve transparency, and promote a more sustainable pesticide use in line with biodiversity protection goals.

在欧盟，植物保护产品的环境风险评估（ERA）是按物质进行的。这妨碍了对物质、分类群、用途或生态系统之间的风险进行比较，从而限制了对低风险替代品的识别。我们提出了一个基准测试的概念框架，即基于标准化风险概况对ppp进行系统比较和排名。该框架建立在我们对当前ERA主要挑战的分析之上，包括高层数据的异构性、不同的代表性使用场景、不一致的时间尺度以及缺乏集中的数据存储库。该框架通过促进标准的一致性、简化输入变量和增强数据集成来解决这些问题。通过使用Tier 1水生效应数据和FOCUS Step 1曝光的概念验证来说明实际适用性。基准结果可能受到当前危害评估差距的影响，但该框架旨在进行迭代更新，并可通过可调节的端点扩展到生物防治剂。通过利用统一的测试方法和现有的监管数据，该框架旨在支持基于科学的、比较的和自适应的ERA过程。这种方法支持从逐个物质的审查转变为比较的、基于系统的环境评估。实施基准将提高监管效率，提高透明度，并促进更可持续的农药使用，符合生物多样性保护目标。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater arsenic in Taiwan: From Mid-20th-Century crisis to predictive models for risk mitigation strategies 台湾地下水砷：从20世纪中期的危机到风险缓解策略的预测模型

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110049

Kai-Yun Li , Joel Podgorski , Ching-Ping Liang , Jui-Sheng Chen , Jui-Yu Chang , Michael Berg

Taiwan’s mid-20th-century Blackfoot disease epidemic highlighted the public health implications of geogenic arsenic in groundwater and prompted extensive water-supply interventions. Despite these measures, arsenic persists in aquifers, continuing to affect drinking water, irrigation, and aquaculture. This study developed a scalable machine learning model to identify areas across Taiwan at risk of groundwater arsenic concentrations exceeding the WHO guideline of 10 µg/L. The model demonstrated robust performance (mean AUC 0.93, balanced accuracy 0.87). A detailed evaluation and interpretation of the principal predictor variables governing arsenic dissolution provides insights into geochemical and hydrogeological controls on mobilization. Furthermore, the resulting hazard map of Taiwan was used to estimate the human population at risk as well as the locations and types of exposed agriculture and aquaculture. Hotspots are clustered in the Chianan, Pingtung and Lanyang plains, where many rural communities still rely on untreated groundwater. Population exposure is substantial, with an estimated 148,000 people at risk in 2023, which is about half the 303,000 reported in 1998. Agricultural impacts are also considerable: >80 % of aquaculture areas, and 33 % of paddy rice fields occur within high-risk zones. Several high-risk zones lie outside Taiwan’s Groundwater Control Areas, revealing regulatory blind spots. By connecting Taiwan’s historical arsenic crisis to novel predictive tools, this work supports evidence-based strategies to reduce current exposures and prevent future public arsenic-related health impacts.

台湾20世纪中期的黑足病流行突出了地下水中地源性砷对公共卫生的影响，并促使了广泛的供水干预措施。尽管采取了这些措施，砷仍然存在于含水层中，继续影响饮用水、灌溉和水产养殖。本研究开发了一个可扩展的机器学习模型，以确定台湾各地地下水砷浓度超过世界卫生组织指导值10 µg/L的风险区域。该模型表现出鲁棒性（平均AUC 0.93，平衡精度0.87）。对控制砷溶解的主要预测变量的详细评价和解释提供了对动员的地球化学和水文地质控制的见解。此外，我们还利用所得到的台湾危害图来估计面临风险的人口，以及受影响的农业和水产养殖业的位置和类型。热点地区集中在黔南、屏东和兰阳平原，那里的许多农村社区仍然依赖未经处理的地下水。人口暴露量很大，估计2023年有14.8万人面临风险，约为1998年报告的30.3万人的一半。对农业的影响也相当大：80% %的水产养殖区和33% %的稻田位于高风险区内。几个高风险区域位于台湾地下水控制区之外，暴露出监管盲区。通过将台湾历史上的砷危机与新的预测工具联系起来，这项工作支持以证据为基础的策略，以减少当前的暴露，并防止未来公众砷相关的健康影响。

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引用次数: 0

Large scale biomonitoring of glyphosate and AMPA by analysis of human and animal feces and comparison with urine 通过分析人和动物粪便并与尿液比较，对草甘膦和AMPA进行大规模生物监测

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110021

Jonatan Dias , Ling Yen , Francisco Alcon , Josefa Contreras , Nelson Abrantes , Isabel Campos , Isabelle Baldi , Mathilde Bureau , Florian Christ , Daniele Mandrioli , Daria Sgargi , Igor Pasković , Marija Polić Pasković , Matjaž Glavan , Jakub Hofman , Esperanza Huerta Lwanga , Paula Harkes , Trine Norgaard , Virginia Aparicio , Vera Silva , Hans Mol

Internal exposure of the world’s most used herbicide glyphosate and its environmental metabolite AMPA is commonly assessed by analysis of urine, while excretion is mostly through feces. In this study, we explore the feasibility and effectiveness of feces as an alternative matrix for urine for biomonitoring of these two compounds. A method for the determination of polar pesticides was validated and applied for analysis of 716 human and 249 animal feces samples. The samples were collected in 2021, at study sites in ten European countries and one in Argentina. Detection frequencies (DF) and median concentrations (MC) observed in sub-populations (conventional farmers, organic farmers, neighbors (rural), consumers (not involved in agricultural activities) were compared. Glyphosate was rather common in human feces in 71 % of the samples from the European sites and in 100 % of Argentinean samples. Detection in feces was more frequent than in the corresponding urine samples (35 % for Europe, 86 % for Argentina). MC in feces were 17.6 µg/kg (Europe) and 153 µg/kg (Argentina). Variation in DF and MC between study sites was larger than between pooled sub-populations of all study sites. In farm animals, glyphosate was found in the majority of the feces samples. AMPA was found less frequently, depending on the species and farming system. High concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in bat feces showed that exposure also occurs at higher trophic levels in ecosystems near the investigated sites. In conclusion, analysis of feces reveals widespread exposure of both humans and animals to glyphosate, wider than so far reported based on urine as matrix.

世界上最常用的除草剂草甘膦及其环境代谢物AMPA的内部暴露通常通过尿液分析来评估，而排泄则主要通过粪便。在这项研究中，我们探讨了粪便作为尿液中这两种化合物生物监测的替代基质的可行性和有效性。建立了一种测定极性农药的方法，并对716份人畜粪便和249份动物粪便进行了分析。这些样本于2021年在10个欧洲国家和1个阿根廷的研究地点收集。在亚人群(传统农民、有机农民、邻居（农村）、消费者（不参与农业活动）中观察到的检测频率（DF）和中位浓度（MC）进行了比较。草甘膦在人类粪便中相当普遍，在71 %的欧洲样本和100 %的阿根廷样本中。粪便中的检测频率高于相应的尿液样本（欧洲为35% %，阿根廷为86 %）。粪便中MC分别为17.6 µg/kg（欧洲）和153 µg/kg（阿根廷）。DF和MC在研究地点之间的差异大于所有研究地点汇总亚群之间的差异。在农场动物中，在大多数粪便样本中发现了草甘膦。AMPA的发现频率较低，这取决于物种和耕作系统。蝙蝠粪便中的高浓度草甘膦和AMPA表明，在所调查地点附近的生态系统中，暴露也发生在较高的营养水平上。总之，对粪便的分析揭示了人类和动物对草甘膦的广泛接触，比迄今为止以尿液为基质的报道更广泛。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale risks-bioaccessibility coupling framework for improving derivation of soil cadmium threshold 改进土壤镉阈值推导的多尺度风险-生物可及性耦合框架。

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110036

Shiyan Yang , Qianhang Zhou , Lijuan Sun , Qin Qin , Yafei Sun , Jun Wang , Xingmei Liu , Zhangtao Li , Yong Xue

It is imperative to derive the precise threshold of cadmium (Cd) in soil for rice safety production and human health protection. The traditional soil Cd threshold derivation is mainly based on the total amount of Cd and a single risk of Cd pollution, without considering Cd bioaccessibility, multiscale risks and spatial heterogeneity. This fails to synergistically protect safe rice production and human health, and often lead to over- and non-protection issues. Here, we conducted a systematic peri-urban soil-rice grain paired field sampling in the largest megacity of China, where a new multiscale risks-bioaccessibility coupling (MRBC) framework was established to improve the derivation of regional-specific soil Cd threshold. The framework is valid and reliable when applied to regional field-collected datasets. Soil Cd threshold is tailored based on soil properties, multiple risks protection objectives and bioaccessibility of Cd. Results indicated that pH, EC, and SOM concentration were major soil factors influencing the Cd bioaccumulation of rice and soil Cd threshold. Derived soil Cd threshold concentration considering HNO₃ and CaCl₂-extractable Cd decreased. However, when further considering the health risks of Cd intake through soil-rice-human transfer chain, integrating the gastrointestinal bioaccessibility significantly increased soil Cd threshold. Overall, the derived soil Cd threshold based on MRBC framework indicated that the current soil Cd environmental criteria in China were too conservative and may over-protect the regional-specific rice production and human health. Our findings improved existing soil threshold derivation techniques and enabled more precise and scientific soil environmental quality management.

准确确定土壤中镉的阈值对水稻安全生产和人体健康保护具有重要意义。传统的土壤Cd阈值推导主要基于Cd总量和单个Cd污染风险，未考虑Cd的生物可及性、多尺度风险和空间异质性。这无法协同保护水稻安全生产和人类健康，而且往往导致过度保护和不保护问题。本文在中国最大的特大城市进行了系统的城市周边土壤-水稻配对田间采样，建立了新的多尺度风险-生物可及性耦合（MRBC）框架，以改进区域特异性土壤Cd阈值的计算。该框架应用于区域野外采集数据集是有效可靠的。土壤Cd阈值是根据土壤特性、多重风险保护目标和Cd的生物可及性来定制的。结果表明，pH、EC和SOM浓度是影响水稻Cd生物积累和土壤Cd阈值的主要土壤因子。考虑HNO3和cacl2可萃取Cd的导出土壤Cd阈值浓度降低。然而，当进一步考虑通过土壤-水稻-人转移链摄入Cd的健康风险时，整合胃肠道生物可及性显著提高了土壤Cd阈值。总体而言，基于MRBC框架导出的土壤Cd阈值表明，中国目前的土壤Cd环境标准过于保守，可能过度保护了区域特异性水稻生产和人类健康。我们的发现改进了现有的土壤阈值推导技术，使土壤环境质量管理更加精确和科学。

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引用次数: 0

Sex-specific associations of prenatal multiple pesticides exposure and early childhood neurodevelopment: Evidence from SMBCS in China 产前多种农药暴露与儿童早期神经发育的性别特异性关联：来自中国SMBCS的证据。

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110026

Boya Zhang , Xingzu Zhou , Jiming Zhang , Zheng Wang , Yiming Dai , Jiayun Ding , Xiaojuan Qi , Zhijun Zhou

Background

Prenatal exposure to pesticides may affect neurodevelopment, while limited studies explored the combined effects of multiple exposure to pesticides on the long-term process of neurodevelopment.

Objective

To evaluate the individual and combined effects of prenatal multiple exposure to pesticides on neurodevelopment trajectory.

Methods

A total of 675 mother–child pairs from SMBCS were included. Five groups [organophosphate (OPP), organochlorine (OCP), pyrethroid (PYR), neonicotinoid (NNI) and carbamate], including 25 pesticides and their metabolites were measured in urine samples of pregnant women. Development quotient (DQ) z-scores were utilized in latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM) to identify neurodevelopment trajectories. Logistic regression model and hierarchical probit Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted to explore the associations between single and multiple exposure to pesticides and the risks of being allotted to different trajectories. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted to explore the sex-specific effects.

Results

OPP, OCP, PYR and carbamate metabolites were detected in > 90 % of urine samples, except for NNI. LCTM identified low-score trajectory group (n = 43, 6.37 %) and high-score trajectory group (n = 632, 93.63 %) of neurodevelopment trajectory. Increase in urinary cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA concentration was associated with higher odds for low-score trajectory group (cis-DCCA: OR = 2.20, 95 %CI:1.17–4.15; trans-DCCA: OR = 2.09, 95 %CI:1.12–3.89). Multiple exposure to pesticides showed significant combined effect on trend of low-score trajectory group, with PYR group (groupPIP = 0.964) as the predominant group and trans-DCCA (condPIP = 0.532) as the primary factor. These mentioned adverse effects were more pronounced in boys.

Conclusion

Prenatal multiple exposure to pesticides, may impair early-life neurodevelopment, with boys showing greater susceptibility.

背景：产前暴露于农药可能影响神经发育，而有限的研究探讨了多种农药暴露对神经发育长期过程的综合影响。目的：探讨产前多重农药暴露对胎儿神经发育轨迹的影响。方法：选取675对来自中小城市的母婴。测定了孕妇尿液中有机磷（OPP）、有机氯（OCP）、拟除虫菊酯（PYR）、新烟碱（NNI）和氨基甲酸酯（氨基甲酸酯）5组农药及其代谢物，共25种。发展商（DQ） z-分数在潜在类轨迹建模（LCTM）中用于识别神经发育轨迹。采用Logistic回归模型和层次概率贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）探讨农药单次和多次暴露与被分配到不同轨迹的风险之间的关系。进行性别分层分析以探讨性别特异性效应。结果：除NNI外，90%的尿样中检出OPP、OCP、PYR和氨基甲酸酯代谢物。LCTM识别出低分轨迹组（n = 43, 6.37%）和高分轨迹组（n = 632, 93.63%）的神经发育轨迹。低评分轨迹组尿液顺式dcca和反式dcca浓度升高与较高的风险相关（顺式dcca: OR = 2.20, 95% CI:1.17-4.15；反式dcca: OR = 2.09, 95% CI:1.12-3.89）。多重农药暴露对低分轨迹组趋势有显著的综合影响，其中PYR组（groupPIP = 0.964）为优势组，反式dcca （condPIP = 0.532）为主要影响因素。上述不良反应在男孩中更为明显。结论：产前多次接触农药，可能影响生命早期神经发育，男孩易感程度更高。

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引用次数: 0

Gulls foraging in highly urbanized areas experience disruption in hormones and energetic metabolism 在高度城市化地区觅食的海鸥会经历激素和能量代谢的紊乱

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.110012

Coralie Turquois , Marc J. Mazerolle , Sébastien Sauvé , Lounès Haroune , Jonathan Verreault

Studies on birds breeding in highly urbanized environments have reported high plasma levels of a range of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Exposure of birds to these organohalogens may disrupt hormone regulation and energy metabolism, potentially leading to adverse effects on reproduction and health. While the sources and pathways of exposure to certain of these organohalogens have been documented in several bird populations, little information is available on the exposure-related effects on hormones involved in energy metabolism and their cascading effects on metabolism and energy expenditure. This study aimed to assess the linkages between plasma concentrations of PFAS and HFRs, and thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, as well as other markers of energy metabolism in nesting ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) for which foraging movements were tracked for three years in the Montreal area (QC, Canada). Plasma HFR and PFAS concentrations did not vary with foraging habitat use patterns, suggesting diffuse urban sources. Plasma HFR and PFAS concentrations were associated with sex-specific hormonal and metabolic responses. Specifically, lipid-derived β-hydroxybutyrate levels in plasma of males significantly decreased with increasing PFAS concentrations, whereas this relationship was positive in females. Furthermore, triiodothyronine (T₃) and β-hydroxybutyrate levels in males and corticosterone in females both significantly increased with those of HFRs. Results suggest that gulls breeding in densely populated urban environments that are highly exposed to organohalogens may experience perturbations of key hormones involved in energy metabolism leading to metabolic effects.

对在高度城市化环境中繁殖的鸟类进行的研究报告了一系列卤化阻燃剂（HFRs）以及全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的高血浆水平。鸟类接触这些有机卤素可能会破坏激素调节和能量代谢，可能导致对生殖和健康的不利影响。虽然某些有机卤素的来源和暴露途径已在若干鸟类种群中得到记录，但关于暴露对参与能量代谢的激素的影响及其对代谢和能量消耗的级联效应的信息很少。本研究旨在评估环嘴鸥（Larus delawarensis）的血浆PFAS和HFRs浓度与甲状腺激素、糖皮质激素以及其他能量代谢标志物之间的联系，环嘴鸥在蒙特利尔地区（QC, Canada）对其觅食运动进行了三年的跟踪研究。血浆HFR和PFAS浓度不随觅食生境利用模式的变化而变化，提示城市来源分散。血浆HFR和PFAS浓度与性别特异性激素和代谢反应相关。具体来说，男性血浆中脂质来源的β-羟基丁酸水平随着PFAS浓度的增加而显著降低，而女性则呈正相关。此外，男性的三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和β-羟基丁酸盐水平以及女性的皮质酮水平均随HFRs显著升高。结果表明，在人口密集的城市环境中繁殖的海鸥，在高度暴露于有机卤素的环境中，可能会经历参与能量代谢的关键激素的扰动，导致代谢效应。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing temporal trends of mercury contamination in feathers and eggs of female tawny owls (Strix aluco) in central Norway 比较挪威中部雌性茶色猫头鹰（Strix aluco）羽毛和蛋中汞污染的时间趋势

IF 9.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110055

Martin Gaiffe , Elisabeth Hansen , Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen , Jan Ove Bustnes , Clémentine Fritsch , Georg Bangjord , Eric Bollinger , Ralf Schulz , Igor Eulaers , Sophie Bourgeon

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant with potentially severe health impacts on humans and wildlife, especially raptors, which face high exposure due to trophic magnification and long-term environmental integration. Raptors are widely used as Hg environmental biomonitors, with feathers and eggs favored for their easy, minimally invasive collection, transport, and storage. While raptor feathers and eggs have been commonly used to retrospectively analyze Hg time series, few studies have examined physiological and ecological processes driving matrix-specific patterns. This study compared 34-year (1986–2019) time series of Hg in tail feathers and eggs of tawny owls (Strix aluco) in central Norway, accounting for plasticity in their dietary sources (i.e., adjusted temporal trends), proxied by stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon (δ¹³C; corrected for the Suess effect). Generalized Additive Models assessed temporal trends and potential drivers. Unadjusted temporal trends (Year only) differed between feathers and eggs, whereas unadjusted and adjusted (for dietary proxies) trends did not differ within each matrix. Differences between matrices may reflect varying Hg sequestration mechanisms or integration windows. δ¹³C appeared as the main driver of Hg variability in both matrices, likely indicating shifts in carbon sources in tawny owl diets over time. Future studies should focus on obtaining more accurate information on environmental and biological sources and pathways over time, to better understand their influence on Hg time series in this established biomonitoring species.

汞（Hg）是一种全球性污染物，对人类和野生动物，特别是猛禽具有潜在的严重健康影响，由于营养放大和长期环境整合，它们面临高暴露。迅猛龙被广泛用作汞环境生物监测仪，其羽毛和蛋因其简单、微创的收集、运输和储存而受到青睐。虽然猛禽羽毛和蛋通常用于回顾性分析汞时间序列，但很少有研究检查驱动基质特定模式的生理和生态过程。本研究比较了挪威中部茶色猫头鹰（Strix aluco）尾羽和蛋中34年（1986-2019）汞的时间序列，考虑了它们饮食来源的可塑性（即调整后的时间趋势），以氮（δ15N）和碳（δ13C；对Suess效应进行了校正）的稳定同位素为代表。广义加性模型评估了时间趋势和潜在驱动因素。未经调整的时间趋势（仅一年）在羽毛和蛋之间存在差异，而未经调整和调整（用于饮食替代）的趋势在每个矩阵中没有差异。基质之间的差异可能反映了不同的汞固存机制或整合窗口。δ13C似乎是两种基质中汞变化的主要驱动因素，可能表明茶色猫头鹰饮食中碳源随时间的变化。未来的研究应侧重于获得更准确的环境和生物来源及其随时间变化的信息，以更好地了解它们对这一已建立的生物监测物种的汞时间序列的影响。

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引用次数: 0