Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109154
Jian Chen, Li Zhao, Bin Wang, Xinyi He, Lei Duan, Gang Yu
Pesticides typically co-occur in agricultural surface waters and pose a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. As pesticide screening in global agricultural surface waters is an immense analytical challenge, a detailed risk picture of pesticides in global agricultural surface waters is largely missing. Here, we create the first global maps of human health and ecological risk from pesticides in agricultural surface waters using random forest models based on 27,411 measurements of 309 pesticides and 30 geospatial parameters. Our global risk maps identify the hotspots, mainly in Southern Asia and Africa, with extensive pesticide use and poor wastewater management infrastructure. We identify 4 and 5 priority pesticides for protecting the human and ecosystem health, respectively. Importantly, we estimate that 305 million people worldwide are at potential health risk associated with the surface-water pesticide mixture exposure, with the vast majority (86 %) being in Asia. We further identify the hotspots in the Ganges River basin in India, where more than 170 million people are at health risk. As pesticides are increasingly used to ensure the food production due to future population growth and climate change, our findings have implications for raising awareness of pesticide pollution, identifying the hotspots and helping to prioritize testing.
{"title":"Uncovering global risk to human and ecosystem health from pesticides in agricultural surface water using a machine learning approach","authors":"Jian Chen, Li Zhao, Bin Wang, Xinyi He, Lei Duan, Gang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109154","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides typically co-occur in agricultural surface waters and pose a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. As pesticide screening in global agricultural surface waters is an immense analytical challenge, a detailed risk picture of pesticides in global agricultural surface waters is largely missing. Here, we create the first global maps of human health and ecological risk from pesticides in agricultural surface waters using random forest models based on 27,411 measurements of 309 pesticides and 30 geospatial parameters. Our global risk maps identify the hotspots, mainly in Southern Asia and Africa, with extensive pesticide use and poor wastewater management infrastructure. We identify 4 and 5 priority pesticides for protecting the human and ecosystem health, respectively. Importantly, we estimate that 305 million people worldwide are at potential health risk associated with the surface-water pesticide mixture exposure, with the vast majority (86 %) being in Asia. We further identify the hotspots in the Ganges River basin in India, where more than 170 million people are at health risk. As pesticides are increasingly used to ensure the food production due to future population growth and climate change, our findings have implications for raising awareness of pesticide pollution, identifying the hotspots and helping to prioritize testing.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109152
Oluwanifemi Esther Bolatimi, Yuan Hua, Frederick A. Ekuban, Tyler C. Gripshover, Abigail Ekubanb, Bana Luulay, Walter H. Watson, Josiah E. Hardesty, Banrida Wahlang
“Dioxins” are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are continuously present in the environment at appreciable levels and have been associated with increased risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD). However, current understanding of the role of sex and effects of mixtures of dioxins in SLD development is limited. Additionally, there exists debates on the levels of dioxins required to be considered dangerous as emphasis has shifted from high level exposure events to the steady state of lower-level exposures. We therefore investigated sex-dependent effects of low-level exposures to a mixture of dioxins: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) and Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126), in the context of SLD and associated metabolic dysfunction. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet and weekly administered either vehicle control or TCDD (10 ng/kg), PeCDF (80 ng/kg) and PCB 126 (140 ng/kg) over a two-week period. Female mice generally demonstrated higher hepatic fat content compared to males. However, exposure to dioxins further elevated hepatic cholesterol levels in females, and this was accompanied by increased lipogenic gene expression (Acaca, Fasn) in the liver. In contrast, exposed males but not females displayed higher white adipose tissue weights. Furthermore, TCDD + PeCDF + PCB126 activated the AHR (hepatic Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2 induction); with Cyp1a1 induction observed only in exposed females. Notably, gene expression of hepatic albumin (Alb) was also reduced only in exposed females. Overall, exposure to the low dose dioxin mixture compromised hepatic homeostasis via metabolic perturbations, and hepatic dysregulation was more accelerated in female livers.
{"title":"Low dose exposure to dioxins alters hepatic energy metabolism and steatotic liver disease development in a sex-specific manner","authors":"Oluwanifemi Esther Bolatimi, Yuan Hua, Frederick A. Ekuban, Tyler C. Gripshover, Abigail Ekubanb, Bana Luulay, Walter H. Watson, Josiah E. Hardesty, Banrida Wahlang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109152","url":null,"abstract":"“Dioxins” are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are continuously present in the environment at appreciable levels and have been associated with increased risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD). However, current understanding of the role of sex and effects of mixtures of dioxins in SLD development is limited. Additionally, there exists debates on the levels of dioxins required to be considered dangerous as emphasis has shifted from high level exposure events to the steady state of lower-level exposures. We therefore investigated sex-dependent effects of low-level exposures to a mixture of dioxins: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) and Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126), in the context of SLD and associated metabolic dysfunction. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet and weekly administered either vehicle control or TCDD (10 ng/kg), PeCDF (80 ng/kg) and PCB 126 (140 ng/kg) over a two-week period. Female mice generally demonstrated higher hepatic fat content compared to males. However, exposure to dioxins further elevated hepatic cholesterol levels in females, and this was accompanied by increased lipogenic gene expression (<em>Acaca</em>, <em>Fasn</em>) in the liver. In contrast, exposed males but not females displayed higher white adipose tissue weights. Furthermore, TCDD + PeCDF + PCB126 activated the AHR (hepatic <em>Cyp1a1</em>, <em>Cyp1a2</em> induction); with <em>Cyp1a1</em> induction observed only in exposed females. Notably, gene expression of hepatic albumin (<em>Alb</em>) was also reduced only in exposed females. Overall, exposure to the low dose dioxin mixture compromised hepatic homeostasis via metabolic perturbations, and hepatic dysregulation was more accelerated in female livers.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109155
Tangtian He, Jiawen Xie, Ling Jin, Jue Zhao, Xiaohua Zhang, Hang Liu, Xiangdong Li
Inhalable microorganisms in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including bacteria and phage, are major carriers of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with strong ecological linkages and potential health implications for urban populations. A full-spectrum study on ARG carriers and phage-bacterium linkages will shed light on the environmental processes of antibiotic resistance from airborne dissemination to the human lung microbiome. Our metagenomic study reveals the seasonal dynamics of phage communities in PM2.5, their impacts on clinically important ARGs, and potential implications for the human respiratory microbiome in selected cities of China. Gene-sharing network comparisons show that air harbours a distinct phage community connected to human- and water-associated viromes, with 57 % of the predicted hosts being potential bacterial pathogens. The ARGs of common antibiotics, e.g., peptide and tetracycline, dominate both the antibiotic resistome associated with bacteria and phages in PM2.5. Over 60 % of the predicted hosts of vARG-carrying phages are potential bacterial pathogens, and about 67 % of these hosts have not been discovered as direct carriers of the same ARGs. The profiles of ARG-carrying phages are distinct among urban sites, but show a significant enrichment in abundance, diversity, temperate lifestyle, and matches of CRISPR (short for ‘clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats’) to identified bacterial genomes in winter and spring. Moreover, phages putatively carry 52 % of the total mobile genetic element (MGE)-ARG pairs with a unique ‘flu season’ pattern in urban areas. This study highlights the role that phages play in the airborne dissemination of ARGs and their delivery of ARGs to specific opportunistic pathogens in human lungs, independent of other pathways of horizontal gene transfer. Natural and anthropogenic stressors, particularly wind speed, UV index, and level of ozone, potentially explained over 80 % of the seasonal dynamics of phage-bacterial pathogen linkages on antibiotic resistance. Therefore, understanding the phage-host linkages in airborne PM2.5, the full-spectrum of antibiotic resistomes, and the potential human pathogens involved, will be of benefit to protect human health in urban areas.
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of the phage-bacterium linkage and associated antibiotic resistome in airborne PM2.5 of urban areas","authors":"Tangtian He, Jiawen Xie, Ling Jin, Jue Zhao, Xiaohua Zhang, Hang Liu, Xiangdong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109155","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalable microorganisms in airborne fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), including bacteria and phage, are major carriers of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with strong ecological linkages and potential health implications for urban populations. A full-spectrum study on ARG carriers and phage-bacterium linkages will shed light on the environmental processes of antibiotic resistance from airborne dissemination to the human lung microbiome. Our metagenomic study reveals the seasonal dynamics of phage communities in PM<sub>2.5</sub>, their impacts on clinically important ARGs, and potential implications for the human respiratory microbiome in selected cities of China. Gene-sharing network comparisons show that air harbours a distinct phage community connected to human- and water-associated viromes, with 57 % of the predicted hosts being potential bacterial pathogens. The ARGs of common antibiotics, <em>e.g.</em>, peptide and tetracycline, dominate both the antibiotic resistome associated with bacteria and phages in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Over 60 % of the predicted hosts of vARG-carrying phages are potential bacterial pathogens, and about 67 % of these hosts have not been discovered as direct carriers of the same ARGs. The profiles of ARG-carrying phages are distinct among urban sites, but show a significant enrichment in abundance, diversity, temperate lifestyle, and matches of CRISPR (short for ‘clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats’) to identified bacterial genomes in winter and spring. Moreover, phages putatively carry 52 % of the total mobile genetic element (MGE)-ARG pairs with a unique ‘flu season’ pattern in urban areas. This study highlights the role that phages play in the airborne dissemination of ARGs and their delivery of ARGs to specific opportunistic pathogens in human lungs, independent of other pathways of horizontal gene transfer. Natural and anthropogenic stressors, particularly wind speed, UV index, and level of ozone, potentially explained over 80 % of the seasonal dynamics of phage-bacterial pathogen linkages on antibiotic resistance. Therefore, understanding the phage-host linkages in airborne PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the full-spectrum of antibiotic resistomes, and the potential human pathogens involved, will be of benefit to protect human health in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109136
Zhaoyang Yang, Zhi Chen, Qin Xin, Kenneth Lee
There is increasing concern over the environmental risks associated with deepwater petroleum exploration activities. The integration of environmental risk assessment and oil spill modeling can help to understand and quantitatively characterize the potential risks from subsea blowouts in specific regions. This study integrates a novel deepwater oil spill model (DWOSM) and an extended stochastic modeling methodology to assess the environmental risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a simulated offshore subsurface blowout off the east coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Additionally, the effectiveness of subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) in spill mitigation was investigated through comparative simulations. Resultant spill hazard and risk maps for current and proposed areas of offshore oil and gas development, in support of contingency plans, revealed that surfaced oil tends to drift toward the southeast and east in the hypothetical blowout case; nearshore areas of east Newfoundland have relatively low risk shortly after a deep-sea blowout; released PAHs may elicit more adverse ecological impacts than volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and SSDI application can reduce contaminant exposure levels but at the expense of enlarging the impacted zone for a short term. This stochastic simulation-based risk assessment provides scientific evidence to support decision-making in strategic oil spill response operations.
{"title":"Assessment of risk for aromatic hydrocarbons resulting from subsea Blowouts: A case study in eastern Canada","authors":"Zhaoyang Yang, Zhi Chen, Qin Xin, Kenneth Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109136","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing concern over the environmental risks associated with deepwater petroleum exploration activities. The integration of environmental risk assessment and oil spill modeling can help to understand and quantitatively characterize the potential risks from subsea blowouts in specific regions. This study integrates a novel deepwater oil spill model (DWOSM) and an extended stochastic modeling methodology to assess the environmental risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a simulated offshore subsurface blowout off the east coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Additionally, the effectiveness of subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) in spill mitigation was investigated through comparative simulations. Resultant spill hazard and risk maps for current and proposed areas of offshore oil and gas development, in support of contingency plans, revealed that surfaced oil tends to drift toward the southeast and east in the hypothetical blowout case; nearshore areas of east Newfoundland have relatively low risk shortly after a deep-sea blowout; released PAHs may elicit more adverse ecological impacts than volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and SSDI application can reduce contaminant exposure levels but at the expense of enlarging the impacted zone for a short term. This stochastic simulation-based risk assessment provides scientific evidence to support decision-making in strategic oil spill response operations.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109153
Jenni A. Shearston, Kristen Upson, Milo Gordon, Vivian Do, Olgica Balac, Khue Nguyen, Beizhan Yan, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Kathrin Schilling
A recent correspondence (Öberg, 2024) about our manuscript, Tampons as a source of exposure to metal(loid)s (Shearston et al., 2024), highlights the importance of data for complete risk assessment and public health communication when data gaps exist. Our study, which measured the concentration of 16 metals in tampons, detected the toxic metals lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). Our study was the first of its kind, and we found the ubiquitous presence of most of the metals we tested for in our tampon samples. We concluded that tampon use is a potential source of exposure to metals for people who menstruate, and highlighted the need for future studies to assess the bioaccessibility of these metals in tampons and their potential impacts on health (Shearston et al., 2024). None of the metals we measured was included in the ingredients packaging list of any of the tampons we tested. We shared our findings in a press release to inform the public, and, to avoid causing unnecessary alarm, emphasized the need for further research to fully characterize the potential exposure and health implications of metals in tampons.
{"title":"Communicating risk in the face of data gaps: Toxic metals in tampons","authors":"Jenni A. Shearston, Kristen Upson, Milo Gordon, Vivian Do, Olgica Balac, Khue Nguyen, Beizhan Yan, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Kathrin Schilling","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109153","url":null,"abstract":"A recent correspondence (<span><span>Öberg, 2024</span></span>) about our manuscript, <em>Tampons as a source of exposure to metal(loid)s</em> (<span><span>Shearston et al., 2024</span></span>), highlights the importance of data for complete risk assessment and public health communication when data gaps exist. Our study, which measured the concentration of 16 metals in tampons, detected the toxic metals lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). Our study was the first of its kind, and we found the ubiquitous presence of most of the metals we tested for in our tampon samples. We concluded that tampon use is a potential source of exposure to metals for people who menstruate, and highlighted the need for future studies to assess the bioaccessibility of these metals in tampons and their potential impacts on health (<span><span>Shearston et al., 2024</span></span>). None of the metals we measured was included in the ingredients packaging list of any of the tampons we tested. We shared our findings in a press release to inform the public, and, to avoid causing unnecessary alarm, emphasized the need for further research to fully characterize the potential exposure and health implications of metals in tampons.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109156
Wenjun Li, Jian Gao, Yuanguan Gao, Hong Li, Yizhen Chen, Jinying Li, Haisheng Li
The physicochemical properties of atmospheric particles including morphologies and composition are directly related to their sources and formation mechanisms. However, most previous studies have been limited to a few sites and small numbers of particles. In this study, we employed computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) to enhance measurement efficiency and enable long-term observations across multiple sites. To investigate properties and source variations of atmospheric particles in response to control measures before, during, and after the 2022 Winter Olympic Games (WOG) and Winter Paralympic Games (WPG), ambient particles were passively collected in 15 northern Chinese cities and automatically analyzed by an advanced CCSEM (IntelliSEM EPAS). Variations in particle numbers (PN), size distribution, elemental composition, and sources were comprehensively analyzed. Over one million particles were classified into mineral, carbonaceous, fly ash, sulfur-related, metal-containing, salt, and biological particles using the user-defined classification rules. The results showed that improved air quality was witnessed during the WOG with reduced PN and anthropogenic particles, but deteriorated during the WPG due to increased coarse-mode PN, mineral, and sulfur-related particles. Beijing and Zhangjiakou exhibited lower AQI, PN, and anthropogenic particles, while non-competition cities experienced higher levels of anthropogenic and sulfur-related particles. Notably, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang showed distinct emission reductions during the WOG, while Baoding and Tangshan demonstrated less effective control with high levels of sulfur-related and anthropogenic Fe-rich particles. This study shows the capability of CCSEM to provide microscopic evidence of particle sources and behaviors, offering valuable insights into the efficacy of control measures during major events.
{"title":"Source variations of atmospheric particles in response to control measures in northern China during 2022 winter olympics and paralympics: Evidence from microscopic analysis","authors":"Wenjun Li, Jian Gao, Yuanguan Gao, Hong Li, Yizhen Chen, Jinying Li, Haisheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109156","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical properties of atmospheric particles including morphologies and composition are directly related to their sources and formation mechanisms. However, most previous studies have been limited to a few sites and small numbers of particles. In this study, we employed computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) to enhance measurement efficiency and enable long-term observations across multiple sites. To investigate properties and source variations of atmospheric particles in response to control measures before, during, and after the 2022 Winter Olympic Games (WOG) and Winter Paralympic Games (WPG), ambient particles were passively collected in 15 northern Chinese cities and automatically analyzed by an advanced CCSEM (IntelliSEM EPAS). Variations in particle numbers (PN), size distribution, elemental composition, and sources were comprehensively analyzed. Over one million particles were classified into mineral, carbonaceous, fly ash, sulfur-related, metal-containing, salt, and biological particles using the user-defined classification rules. The results showed that improved air quality was witnessed during the WOG with reduced PN and anthropogenic particles, but deteriorated during the WPG due to increased coarse-mode PN, mineral, and sulfur-related particles. Beijing and Zhangjiakou exhibited lower AQI, PN, and anthropogenic particles, while non-competition cities experienced higher levels of anthropogenic and sulfur-related particles. Notably, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang showed distinct emission reductions during the WOG, while Baoding and Tangshan demonstrated less effective control with high levels of sulfur-related and anthropogenic Fe-rich particles. This study shows the capability of CCSEM to provide microscopic evidence of particle sources and behaviors, offering valuable insights into the efficacy of control measures during major events.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109157
Dylan James Wallis, Kelsey E. Miller, Nicole M. DeLuca, Kent Thomas, Chris Fuller, James McCord, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Jeffrey M. Minucci
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals of concern—they are ubiquitous, persistent, with known and suspected health impacts. Well studied, primary sources of exposure to PFAS are drinking water and food. The presence of PFAS in human tissue of general populations suggests other important exposure sources/pathways. House dust measurements suggest widespread presence of PFAS in residences. Limited studies report paired analyses of PFAS occurrence in indoor media and PFAS concentrations in serum. While paired samples of house dust and blood serum are currently rare, the National Children’s Study (NCS) contains paired samples, as well as sociodemographic information, from pregnant people that participated in the study. These archived NCS data and specimens for 104 participants collected between 2009 and 2014 were leveraged and analyzed for 16 commonly measured PFAS. We evaluated PFAS levels in the home, and the relationships between PFAS in dust and serum, and sociodemographic or housing variables. In addition, mechanistic exposure models, and then steady-state serum level models with simple parameters were used to estimate dust contributions of PFAS to serum. The geometric means for the most commonly found PFAS (full names in table 1) in serum were: 4.1 ng/mL for PFOS, 1.1 ng/mL for PFOA, 0.87 ng/mL for PFHxS, 0.16 ng/mL for PFDA. The geometric means of PFAS in dust were: 17 µg/kg for PFOS, 16 µg/kg for PFOA, 9.6 µg/kg for PFDS, 4.5 µg/kg for PFHpA, 4.4 µg/kg for PFNA, 3.9 µg/kg for PFHxS, 3.5 µg/kg for PFDA, 2.3 µg/kg for PFDoA, 2.1 µg/kg for PFUdA. PFOA was significantly correlated in serum and dust as was the sum of all PFAS detected in > 50 % of serum and dust. PFAS in serum was significantly associated with: Higher income, recent renovations, years lived in the home, and educational attainment. PFAS in dust was significantly associated with: Higher participant age, type of home, amount of carpet, educational attainment, higher income, recent renovation, and membership in the military. For some PFAS, 25 % of the overall exposure, on average, is from dust, but for others, 3–4 % is attributed to dust..We were able to identify important associations in PFAS exposure in the homes of pregnant people based on paired serum and dust samples. This built a clearer picture of which PFAS and at what quantities they exist in these homes, how they relate to each other, and how they are tied to sociodemographic and housing factors. Our results demonstrate that exposure to PFAS via house dust may contribute up to 25% of total exposure for adults, highlighting the importance of understanding what drives residential exposures.
{"title":"Understanding prenatal household exposures to per- and polyfluorylalkyl substances using paired Biological and dust measurements with sociodemographic and housing variables","authors":"Dylan James Wallis, Kelsey E. Miller, Nicole M. DeLuca, Kent Thomas, Chris Fuller, James McCord, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Jeffrey M. Minucci","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109157","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals of concern—they are ubiquitous, persistent, with known and suspected health impacts. Well studied, primary sources of exposure to PFAS are drinking water and food. The presence of PFAS in human tissue of general populations suggests other important exposure sources/pathways. House dust measurements suggest widespread presence of PFAS in residences. Limited studies report paired analyses of PFAS occurrence in indoor media and PFAS concentrations in serum. While paired samples of house dust and blood serum are currently rare, the National Children’s Study (NCS) contains paired samples, as well as sociodemographic information, from pregnant people that participated in the study. These archived NCS data and specimens for 104 participants collected between 2009 and 2014 were leveraged and analyzed for 16 commonly measured PFAS. We evaluated PFAS levels in the home, and the relationships between PFAS in dust and serum, and sociodemographic or housing variables. In addition, mechanistic exposure models, and then steady-state serum level models with simple parameters were used to estimate dust contributions of PFAS to serum. The geometric means for the most commonly found PFAS (full names in table 1) in serum were: 4.1 ng/mL for PFOS, 1.1 ng/mL for PFOA, 0.87 ng/mL for PFHxS, 0.16 ng/mL for PFDA. The geometric means of PFAS in dust were: 17 µg/kg for PFOS, 16 µg/kg for PFOA, 9.6 µg/kg for PFDS, 4.5 µg/kg for PFHpA, 4.4 µg/kg for PFNA, 3.9 µg/kg for PFHxS, 3.5 µg/kg for PFDA, 2.3 µg/kg for PFDoA, 2.1 µg/kg for PFUdA. PFOA was significantly correlated in serum and dust as was the sum of all PFAS detected in > 50 % of serum and dust. PFAS in serum was significantly associated with: Higher income, recent renovations, years lived in the home, and educational attainment. PFAS in dust was significantly associated with: Higher participant age, type of home, amount of carpet, educational attainment, higher income, recent renovation, and membership in the military. For some PFAS, 25 % of the overall exposure, on average, is from dust, but for others, 3–4 % is attributed to dust..We were able to identify important associations in PFAS exposure in the homes of pregnant people based on paired serum and dust samples. This built a clearer picture of which PFAS and at what quantities they exist in these homes, how they relate to each other, and how they are tied to sociodemographic and housing factors. Our results demonstrate that exposure to PFAS via house dust may contribute up to 25% of total exposure for adults, highlighting the importance of understanding what drives residential exposures.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109151
Begoña Talavera Andújar, Sandro L. Pereira, Susheel Bhanu Busi, Tatiana Usnich, Max Borsche, Sibel Ertan, Peter Bauer, Arndt Rolfs, Soraya Hezzaz, Jenny Ghelfi, Norbert Brüggemann, Paul Antony, Paul Wilmes, Christine Klein, Anne Grünewald, Emma L. Schymanski
Pathogenic variants in the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are a primary monogenic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the likelihood of developing PD with inherited LRRK2 pathogenic variants differs (a phenomenon known as “reduced penetrance”), with factors including age and geographic region, highlighting a potential role for lifestyle and environmental factors in disease onset. To investigate this, household dust samples from four different groups of individuals were analyzed using metabolomics/exposomics and metagenomics approaches: PD+/LRRK2+ (PD patients with pathogenic LRRK2 variants; n = 11), PD-/LRRK2+ (individuals with pathogenic LRRK2 variants but without PD diagnosis; n = 8), iPD (PD of unknown cause; n = 11), and a matched, healthy control group (n = 11). The dust was complemented with metabolomics and lipidomics of matched serum samples, where available. A total of 1,003 chemicals and 163 metagenomic operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) were identified in the dust samples, of which ninety chemicals and ten mOTUs were statistically significant (ANOVA p-value < 0.05). Reduced levels of 2-benzothiazolesulfonic acid (BThSO3) were found in the PD-/LRRK2 + group compared to the PD+/LRRK2 + . Among the significant chemicals tentatively identified in dust, two are hazardous chemical replacements: Bisphenol S (BPS), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBuS). Furthermore, various lipids were found altered in serum including different lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), some with higher levels in the PD+/LRRK2 + group compared to the control group. A cellular study on isogenic neurons generated from a PD+/LRRK2 + patient demonstrated that BPS negatively impacts mitochondrial function, which is implicated in PD pathogenesis. This pilot study demonstrates how non-target metabolomics/exposomics analysis of indoor dust samples complemented with metagenomics can prioritize relevant chemicals that may be potential modifiers of LRRK2 penetrance.
{"title":"Exploring environmental modifiers of LRRK2-associated Parkinson’s disease penetrance: An exposomics and metagenomics pilot study on household dust","authors":"Begoña Talavera Andújar, Sandro L. Pereira, Susheel Bhanu Busi, Tatiana Usnich, Max Borsche, Sibel Ertan, Peter Bauer, Arndt Rolfs, Soraya Hezzaz, Jenny Ghelfi, Norbert Brüggemann, Paul Antony, Paul Wilmes, Christine Klein, Anne Grünewald, Emma L. Schymanski","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109151","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic variants in the <em>Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2</em> (<em>LRRK2</em>) gene are a primary monogenic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the likelihood of developing PD with inherited <em>LRRK2</em> pathogenic variants differs (a phenomenon known as “reduced penetrance”), with factors including age and geographic region, highlighting a potential role for lifestyle and environmental factors in disease onset. To investigate this, household dust samples from four different groups of individuals were analyzed using metabolomics/exposomics and metagenomics approaches: PD+/LRRK2+ (PD patients with pathogenic <em>LRRK2</em> variants; n = 11), PD-/LRRK2+ (individuals with pathogenic <em>LRRK2</em> variants but without PD diagnosis; n = 8), iPD (PD of unknown cause; n = 11), and a matched, healthy control group (n = 11). The dust was complemented with metabolomics and lipidomics of matched serum samples, where available. A total of 1,003 chemicals and 163 metagenomic operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) were identified in the dust samples, of which ninety chemicals and ten mOTUs were statistically significant (ANOVA p-value < 0.05). Reduced levels of 2-benzothiazolesulfonic acid (BThSO<sub>3</sub>) were found in the PD-/LRRK2 + group compared to the PD+/LRRK2 + . Among the significant chemicals tentatively identified in dust, two are hazardous chemical replacements: Bisphenol S (BPS), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBuS). Furthermore, various lipids were found altered in serum including different lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), some with higher levels in the PD+/LRRK2 + group compared to the control group. A cellular study on isogenic neurons generated from a PD+/LRRK2 + patient demonstrated that BPS negatively impacts mitochondrial function, which is implicated in PD pathogenesis. This pilot study demonstrates how non-target metabolomics/exposomics analysis of indoor dust samples complemented with metagenomics can prioritize relevant chemicals that may be potential modifiers of <em>LRRK2</em> penetrance.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109149
Meritxell Garcia-Marlès, Rosa Lara, Cristina Reche, Noemí Pérez, Aurelio Tobías, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Máté Vörösmarty, Tamás Weidinger, Christoph Hueglin, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Georgios Grivas, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Jakub Ondracek, Nadezda Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Xavier Querol
There is a body of evidence that ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm) might have significant impacts on health. Accordingly, identifying sources of UFP is essential to develop abatement policies. This study focuses on urban Europe, and aims at identifying sources and quantifying their contributions to particle number size distribution (PNSD) using receptor modelling (Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF), and evaluating long-term trends of these source contributions using the non-parametric Theil-Sen’s method. Datasets evaluated include 14 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 4 suburban background (SUB), and 1 regional background (RB) sites, covering 18 European and 1 USA cities, over the period, when available, from 2009 to 2019. Ten factors were identified (4 road traffic factors, photonucleation, urban background, domestic heating, 2 regional factors and long-distance transport), with road traffic being the primary contributor at all UB and TR sites (56–95 %), and photonucleation being also significant in many cities. The trends analyses showed a notable decrease in traffic-related UFP ambient concentrations, with statistically significant decreasing trends for the total traffic-related factors of −5.40 and −2.15 % yr−1 for the TR and UB sites, respectively. This abatement is most probably due to the implementation of European emissions standards, particularly after the introduction of diesel particle filters (DPFs) in 2011. However, DPFs do not retain nucleated particles generated during the dilution of diesel exhaust semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Trends in photonucleation were more diverse, influenced by a reduction in the condensation sink potential facilitating new particle formation (NPF) or by a decrease in the emissions of UFP precursors. The decrease of primary PM emissions and precursors of UFP also contributed to the reduction of urban and regional background sources.
{"title":"Source apportionment of ultrafine particles in urban Europe","authors":"Meritxell Garcia-Marlès, Rosa Lara, Cristina Reche, Noemí Pérez, Aurelio Tobías, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Máté Vörösmarty, Tamás Weidinger, Christoph Hueglin, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Georgios Grivas, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Jakub Ondracek, Nadezda Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Xavier Querol","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109149","url":null,"abstract":"There is a body of evidence that ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm) might have significant impacts on health. Accordingly, identifying sources of UFP is essential to develop abatement policies. This study focuses on urban Europe, and aims at identifying sources and quantifying their contributions to particle number size distribution (PNSD) using receptor modelling (Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF), and evaluating long-term trends of these source contributions using the non-parametric Theil-Sen’s method. Datasets evaluated include 14 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 4 suburban background (SUB), and 1 regional background (RB) sites, covering 18 European and 1 USA cities, over the period, when available, from 2009 to 2019. Ten factors were identified (4 road traffic factors, photonucleation, urban background, domestic heating, 2 regional factors and long-distance transport), with road traffic being the primary contributor at all UB and TR sites (56–95 %), and photonucleation being also significant in many cities. The trends analyses showed a notable decrease in traffic-related UFP ambient concentrations, with statistically significant decreasing trends for the total traffic-related factors of −5.40 and −2.15 % yr<sup>−1</sup> for the TR and UB sites, respectively. This abatement is most probably due to the implementation of European emissions standards, particularly after the introduction of diesel particle filters (DPFs) in 2011. However, DPFs do not retain nucleated particles generated during the dilution of diesel exhaust semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Trends in photonucleation were more diverse, influenced by a reduction in the condensation sink potential facilitating new particle formation (NPF) or by a decrease in the emissions of UFP precursors. The decrease of primary PM emissions and precursors of UFP also contributed to the reduction of urban and regional background sources.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109144
Zeyu Li, Mingyu Zhang, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Giehae Choi, Kari C. Nadeau, Jessie P. Buckley, Xiaobin Wang
Background
Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures are associated with adverse offspring health outcomes, yet the underlying pathological mechanisms are unclear. Cord blood metabolomics can identify potentially important pathways associated with prenatal PFAS exposures, providing mechanistic insights that may help explain the long-term health effects.
Methods
The study included 590 mother-infant dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort. We measured PFAS in maternal plasma samples collected 24–72 h after delivery and metabolites in cord plasma samples. We used metabolome-wide association studies and pathway enrichment analyses to identify metabolites and pathways associated with individual PFAS, and quantile-based g-computation to examine associations of metabolites with the PFAS mixture. We used False Discovery Rate to account for multiple comparisons.
Results
We found that 331 metabolites and 18 pathways were associated with ≥ 1 PFAS, and 38 metabolites were associated with the PFAS mixture, predominantly amino acids and lipids. Amino acids such as alanine and lysine and their pathways, crucial to energy generation, biosynthesis, and bone health, were associated with PFAS and may explain PFAS’ effects on fetal growth restriction. Carnitines and carnitine shuttle pathway, associated with 7 PFAS and the PFAS mixture, are involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which may predispose higher risks of fetal and child growth restriction and cardiovascular diseases. Lipids, such as glycerophospholipids and their related pathway, can contribute to insulin resistance and diabetes by modulating transporters on cell membranes, participating in β-cell signaling pathways, and inducing oxidative damage. Neurotransmission-related metabolites and pathways associated with PFAS, including cofactors, precursors, and neurotransmitters, may explain the PFAS’ effects on child neurodevelopment. We observed stronger associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and metabolites in males.
Conclusions
This prospective birth cohort study contributes to the limited literature on potential metabolic perturbations for prenatal PFAS exposures. More studies are needed to replicate our findings and link prenatal PFAS associated metabolic perturbations to long-term child health outcomes.
{"title":"Cord plasma metabolomic signatures of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures in the Boston birth Cohort","authors":"Zeyu Li, Mingyu Zhang, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Giehae Choi, Kari C. Nadeau, Jessie P. Buckley, Xiaobin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109144","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures are associated with adverse offspring health outcomes, yet the underlying pathological mechanisms are unclear. Cord blood metabolomics can identify potentially important pathways associated with prenatal PFAS exposures, providing mechanistic insights that may help explain the long-term health effects.<h3>Methods</h3>The study included 590 mother-infant dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort. We measured PFAS in maternal plasma samples collected 24–72 h after delivery and metabolites in cord plasma samples. We used metabolome-wide association studies and pathway enrichment analyses to identify metabolites and pathways associated with individual PFAS, and quantile-based g-computation to examine associations of metabolites with the PFAS mixture. We used False Discovery Rate to account for multiple comparisons.<h3>Results</h3>We found that 331 metabolites and 18 pathways were associated with ≥ 1 PFAS, and 38 metabolites were associated with the PFAS mixture, predominantly amino acids and lipids. Amino acids such as alanine and lysine and their pathways, crucial to energy generation, biosynthesis, and bone health, were associated with PFAS and may explain PFAS’ effects on fetal growth restriction. Carnitines and carnitine shuttle pathway, associated with 7 PFAS and the PFAS mixture, are involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which may predispose higher risks of fetal and child growth restriction and cardiovascular diseases. Lipids, such as glycerophospholipids and their related pathway, can contribute to insulin resistance and diabetes by modulating transporters on cell membranes, participating in β-cell signaling pathways, and inducing oxidative damage. Neurotransmission-related metabolites and pathways associated with PFAS, including cofactors, precursors, and neurotransmitters, may explain the PFAS’ effects on child neurodevelopment. We observed stronger associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and metabolites in males.<h3>Conclusions</h3>This prospective birth cohort study contributes to the limited literature on potential metabolic perturbations for prenatal PFAS exposures. More studies are needed to replicate our findings and link prenatal PFAS associated metabolic perturbations to long-term child health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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