Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Kinetics of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) after single oral application as a mixture – A pilot investigation in a male volunteer","authors":"Klaus Abraham ,&nbsp;Helena Mertens ,&nbsp;Lennart Richter ,&nbsp;Hans Mielke ,&nbsp;Tanja Schwerdtle ,&nbsp;Bernhard H. Monien","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with half-lives in humans in the range of years in case of the long-chain compounds, leading to accumulation and measurable levels in plasma. In contrast, short-chain and “alternative” PFAS have lower levels or are not detectable in humans with background exposure. This may be due to lower exposure, but also due to much shorter half-lives compared to long-chain compounds. To get better data on kinetics, a healthy volunteer orally ingested a mixture of fifteen predominantly ¹³C-labeled PFAS (“MPFAS”) in a pilot investigation (MPFBA, MPFPeA, MPFHxA, MPFHpA, MPFOA, MPFNA, MPFDA, MPFUdA, MPFDoA, PFBS, MPFHxS, MPFOS, DONA, HFPO-DA, 6:2FTS). After application, concentrations were measured over 450 days in plasma, urine and feces, using UHPLC-MS/MS analysis after extraction. The compounds were absorbed quickly and almost completely. Data analysis revealed volumes of distribution between 110 and 177 mL/kg bw for most compounds, but higher values for MPFDA, MPFUdA and MPFDoA (maximum of 354 mL/kg bw). Half-lives were found to vary extremely, from 0.5 days (MPFPeA) and 1.5 days (MPFHxA) to 51 days (PFBS) and 152 days (MPFHpA) in case of the short-chain and “alternative” compounds. For the long-chain compounds, half-lives in the range of several years were confirmed for MPFOA, MPFNA, MPFHxS and MPFOS, but with even higher chain-lengths of the carboxylic acids, the half-lives were found to decrease, with the shortest half-life for MPFDoA (295 days). Elimination from the body was completely explained by the urinary losses in case of the short-chain and “alternative” PFAS, and in part by the fecal losses in case of the long-chain PFCA. Overall, elimination kinetics seem to be determined by several different renal and gastrointestinal factors (fraction unbound in plasma, binding affinity to organic anion transporters causing netto secretion or reabsorption, fecal loss with mechanisms to be clarified).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109047"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides, fetal endocrine hormones and birth size: Findings from SMBCS","authors":"Boya Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiming Dai ,&nbsp;Jiayun Ding ,&nbsp;Xingzu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Qi ,&nbsp;Chunhua Wu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) were reported to be endocrine disruptors and cause adverse health effects in human. However, epidemiological evidence about the effect of prenatal NNIs exposure on birth outcome and hormones remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the effects of prenatal NNIs exposure on neonatal birth size and endocrine hormones, and assess the potential mediating role of hormones.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 860 mother–child pairs from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study. 12 parent NNIs (p-NNIs) and 6 metabolites of NNIs (m-NNIs) were measured in maternal urine samples collected on their delivery days, and 5 thyroid hormones and 2 sex hormones were analyzed in cord serum. The concentrations of p-NNIs and its specific metabolite(s) were summed to characterize the role of each class of NNIs. Generalized linear model and weighted quantile sum regression were used to examine the impact of prenatal NNIs exposure on birth size and endocrine hormones, and potential mediating roles of hormones were further explored using mediation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher detection frequencies of m-NNIs were observed than those in p-NNIs. A decrease in neonatal head circumference for gestation age z-score was associated with a 10-fold increase in 5-OH-IMI (β = -0.15, 95 %CI: −0.26, −0.03), ∑DIN (β = -0.22, 95 %CI: −0.40, −0.03), ∑IMI (β = -0.20, 95 %CI: −0.35, −0.06) and ∑NNIs (β = -0.23, 95 %CI: −0.42, −0.04). ∑IMI and ∑DIN were the major contributors to the significantly negative mixture effect and no sex-specific effect was observed. Negative associations were observed between ∑DIN and TT3 (β = -0.013, 95 %CI: −0.025, −0.002), ∑IMI and T (β = -0.035, 95 %CI: −0.065, −0.004), respectively. Furthermore, TT3 and T demonstrated 6.7 % and 6.1 % mediating effects on the negative association of prenatal ∑DIN and ∑IMI exposure with head circumference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggested the potential endocrine disruptive properties of NNIs and their impacts on head circumference. Endocrine hormones may partly mediate these associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windows of susceptibility and joint effects of prenatal and postnatal ambient air pollution and temperature exposure on asthma and wheeze in Mexican children","authors":"Cheng-Yang Hu ,&nbsp;Ivan Gutierrez-Avila ,&nbsp;Mike Z. He ,&nbsp;Éric Lavigne ,&nbsp;Cecilia S. Alcala ,&nbsp;Maayan Yitshak-Sade ,&nbsp;Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa ,&nbsp;Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Adriana Mercado-Garcia ,&nbsp;Allan C. Just ,&nbsp;Chris Gennings ,&nbsp;Martha M Téllez-Rojo ,&nbsp;Robert O. Wright ,&nbsp;Rosalind J. Wright ,&nbsp;Maria José Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prenatal and early-life exposure to air pollution and extreme temperatures are associated with childhood asthma and wheeze. However, potential windows of susceptibility and their sex-specific and interactive effects have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify critical windows of susceptibility and evaluate sex-specific effects in these associations, and evaluate exposure interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 468 mother–child pairs enrolled in the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City. Daily residential levels of PM_2.5, NO₂, and temperature were generated from our validated spatiotemporally resolved models from conception to age 4 years. Childhood asthma and wheeze outcomes were collected at 4–6 and 7–8 years. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were used to identify susceptible windows for prenatal weekly-specific and postnatal monthly-specific associations of air pollution and temperature with respiratory outcomes adjusting for covariates. To evaluate sex-specific effects, DLNMs were stratified. Joint effects were assessed using relative excess risk due to interaction and attributable proportion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mid-gestation was a critical window for both PM_2.5 (weeks 20–28, cumulative OR: 1.18 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.37]; weeks 19–26, cumulative OR: 1.18 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.36]) and NO₂ (weeks 18–25, cumulative OR: 1.16 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.31]) exposure, associated with higher odds of wheeze. Postnatal exposure to PM_2.5 and NO₂ during the first year of life was also linked to higher odds of wheeze. The warmer and colder temperatures showed mixed effects on respiratory outcomes. We observed a synergistic interaction between high PM_2.5 and high temperature exposure during the first year of life, associated with higher odds of current wheeze. The associations of prenatal air pollution and temperature exposure with respiratory outcomes were more pronounced in males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early-life air pollution exposure contributes to the development of childhood asthma and wheeze, while exposure to temperature showed mixed associations with respiratory outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109122"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of a novel herbicide fluchloraminopyr in soil: Dissipation kinetics, degradation pathways, transformation products identification and ecotoxicity assessment","authors":"Wentao Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiluan Han ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Xu ,&nbsp;Fengshou Dong ,&nbsp;Yongquan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Wu ,&nbsp;Xinglu Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous application of new agricultural chemicals in agricultural systems, it is imperative to study the environmental fate and potential transformation products (TPs) of these chemicals to better assess their ecological and health risks, as well as guide scientific application. The dissipation of fluchloraminopyr was firstly evaluated under aerobic/anaerobic condition in four representative soils, with Dissipation Time 50 (DT₅₀) values ranging from 0.107 to 4.76 days. Eight TPs generated by soil degradation were identified via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The predominant transformation reactions of fluchloraminopyr in soil include oxidation, dechlorination, hydroxylation, and acetylation. The predictions from toxicological software indicated that the acute and chronic toxicity of TPs to aquatic organisms was significantly lower than that of fluchloraminopyr. Moreover, both M267 and M221 exhibited higher acute oral toxicity to terrestrial organisms compared to the parent compound. Consequently, these findings offer essential ecological risk evaluation data for the judicious application of fluchloraminopyr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109135"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global meta-analysis and machine learning reveal the critical role of soil properties in influencing biochar-pesticide interactions","authors":"Jingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Trine Norgaard ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pugliese ,&nbsp;Pedro N. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Shubiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar application in soils is increasingly advocated globally for its dual benefits in enhancing agricultural productivity and sequestering carbon. However, lingering concerns persist regarding its environmental impact, particularly concerning its interactions with pesticide residues in soil. Previous research has fragmentarily indicated elevated pesticide residues and prolonged persistence in biochar-amended soil, suggesting a potential adverse consequence of biochar application on pesticide degradation. Yet, conclusive evidence and conditions for this phenomenon remain elusive. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive assessment using meta-analysis and machine learning techniques, synthesizing data from 58 studies comprising 386 observations worldwide. Contrary to initial concerns, our findings revealed no definitive increase in pesticide concentrations in soil following biochar application. Moreover, a significant reduction of 66 % in pesticide concentrations within soil organisms, such as plants and earthworms, was observed. The quantitative analysis identified soil organic matter content as a key factor influencing biochar-pesticide interactions, suggesting that applying biochar to soils rich in organic matter is less likely to increase pesticide persistence. This study provides a critical assessment of the environmental fate of pesticides under biochar application, offering valuable guidance for the optimal utilization of both pesticides and biochar in sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109131"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential bioaerosol source from kitchen chimneys in restaurants","authors":"Xueyun Geng ,&nbsp;Changliang Nie ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Mingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Sun ,&nbsp;Taicheng An ,&nbsp;Maosheng Yao ,&nbsp;Jianping Huang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioaerosols are ubiquitous and have a substantial impact on the atmosphere and human health. Despite the identification of numerous bioaerosol emission sources, the contribution of anthropogenic sources remains inadequately understood. In kitchens, oil stains accumulated at the vent may discharge microorganisms into the environment with airflow, potentially discharging bioaerosol pollution. This putative anthropogenic source of bioaerosols has been long ignored. To investigated whether kitchen chimneys can be a potential source for bioaerosols, air samples, oil stains from in/out chimneys, and surface sand samples were collected near several commercial restaurants. PCoA showed that sampling sites significantly impacted microbiomes, whereas SourceTracker analysis led to the finding that waste grease significantly contributed to bioaerosol composition. Both findings agree with the kitchen chimney as a source of microbes in bioaerosols in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, despite the low biodiversity, a high proportion of stress-tolerant and potential pathogenic bacteria and fungi were found in residual culinary grease, which may escape into the air causing potential risks to human beings. These results led to the proposal that airborne microbiota can originate from cooking waste grease. Immediate actions should be taken into account to enhance disinfection and sterilization aimed at fume vents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109115"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated testing strategy (ITS) for evaluating acute fish toxicity with new approach methodologies (NAMs)","authors":"Yen-Ling Lee ,&nbsp;Zi-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Tzu-Ning Li ,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Hsueh ,&nbsp;Ying-Jan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute fish toxicity (AFT) tests are performed in aquatic risk assessments of chemical compounds globally. However, the specific endpoint of <em>in vivo</em> AFT is based on the lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀), which is a serious challenge in terms of animal welfare. To support the 3Rs principle of replacing, reducing, and refining use of animals, integrated testing strategies (ITS) have recently been developed for environmental risk assessment. ITS efficiently integrates multiple types of information, especially new approach methodologies (NAMs), and further supports regulatory decision-making. Currently, an effective ITS framework for evaluating aquatic toxicity is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to develop a promising ITS for AFT using <em>in silico</em>, <em>in vitro</em>, and <em>in vivo</em> data. We established the ITS via <em>in silico</em> (OECD QSAR Toolbox 4.6), fish cell line acute toxicity (FCT), and fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) tests and then validated the NAMs with AFT testing. The NAM data were derived from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossier, toxicology databases, peer-reviewed research articles, and this study. For the first step in the ITS process, we aimed to design a high-throughput screening tool to identify non-toxic and toxic chemicals. We found that results of <em>in silico</em>, FCT, and FET tests alone were strongly correlated with AFT. Among the models, the <em>in silico</em> model was most suitable for identifying toxicants due to its high sensitivity and minimal animal use. Next, considering regulatory purposes and flexibility, we determined the predictive LC₅₀ of toxic chemicals by pursuing a preference-dependent strategy, sequential testing strategy, and sensitivity-dependent strategy. All the strategies demonstrated a predictive power equal to or greater than 73%. In addition, to meet user preferences, our ITS approach has high flexibility and supports animal welfare and environmental protection. We have therefore developed multiple powerful, flexible, and more humane ITS methods for acute fish toxicity assessment by integrating NAMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109112"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics reveals the key pathways and genes of cadmium accumulation in the high cadmium-accumulating rice (Oryza Sativa L.) line","authors":"Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Haiying Yu ,&nbsp;Shengwang Wang ,&nbsp;Huagang Huang ,&nbsp;Daihua Ye ,&nbsp;Xizhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Yongdong Wang ,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Tingxuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high cadmium (Cd)-accumulating rice line Lu527-8 (H8) has already been proven to exhibit elevated Cd concentration and translocation over the normal rice line Lu527-4 (N4). H8 and N4 are sister lines that diverged from the same parents, while the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotypic differences in Cd enrichment between the two rice lines remains unclear. Here an in-depth exploration was performed via transcriptome analysis with 2919 and 2563 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in H8 and N4 identified, respectively. Gene ontology<!--> <!-->(GO) enrichment revealed that Cd-stressed rice both exhibited enhanced defense and antioxidant responses, while N4 displayed unique categories related to cell wall biosynthesis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 5 mutual pathways between H8 and N4. Many genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis were identified as the Cd-responsive DEGs. Enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and unique diterpenoid biosynthesis resulted in intensified lignin biosynthesis, which likely led to apoplastic barrier formation, subsequently blocked Cd inflow and reduced radial Cd transport in the root, thereby limited Cd translocation into aerial parts in N4. The key genes <em>OsPAL6</em> and <em>OsPAL8</em> that encode phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis-related key genes including <em>OsCPS2</em>, <em>OsCPS4</em>, <em>OsKSL4</em>, <em>OsKSL7</em> and some CYP superfamily members played vital roles in the process. Meanwhile, the greater upregulation of Cd transporters, such as <em>OsIRT1/2</em>, some <em>OsABCs</em>, <em>OsYSLs</em>, and <em>OsZIPs</em> in H8, accounted for the higher root absorption of Cd compared to N4. These findings unveil the molecular basis of the differential Cd concentration and translocation between the two rice lines, contributing valuable insights to the theory of Cd accumulation in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109113"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal care product use and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant and lactating people in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study","authors":"Amber M Hall ,&nbsp;Jillian Ashley-Martin ,&nbsp;Chun Lei Liang ,&nbsp;George D. Papandonatos ,&nbsp;Tye E Arbuckle ,&nbsp;Michael M Borghese ,&nbsp;Jessie P. Buckley ,&nbsp;Kim M Cecil ,&nbsp;Aimin Chen ,&nbsp;Linda Dodds ,&nbsp;Mandy Fisher ,&nbsp;Bruce P. Lanphear ,&nbsp;Dorothea FK Rawn ,&nbsp;Kimberly Yolton ,&nbsp;Joseph M Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous chemicals routinely detected in personal care products (PCPs). However, few studies have evaluated the impact of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in pregnant and lactating populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated associations between PCP use and PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma and human milk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We leveraged the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study to evaluate the contribution of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma (6 to 13 weeks’ gestation; n = 1,940) and human-milk (2 to 10 weeks’ postpartum; n = 664). Participants reported frequency of use across 8 PCP categories during the 1st and 3rd trimesters, 1 to 2 days postpartum, and 2 to 10 weeks’ postpartum. We used adjusted linear regression models to quantify percent differences and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 1st trimester pregnant people, we found higher use of nailcare products (≥once a week vs. never: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): 21 % [9.7 %, 32 %]; perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS): 11 % [0.3 %, 23 %]), fragrances (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [7.8 %, 21 %]; PFOS: 7.8 % [1.3 %, 15 %]), makeup (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [5.8 %, 23 %]), hair dyes (never vs. 1-2 times during pregnancy: PFOA: 8.3 % [2.4 %, 15 %]), and hair sprays or gels (daily vs. never: PFOA: 12 % [5.0 %, 19 %], PFOS: 7.1 % [0.2 %, 15 %]) were associated with higher plasma PFAS concentrations. Similar results were observed for 3rd trimester PCP use and 2 to 10 weeks’ postpartum human-milk PFAS concentrations. In addition, we also found that people using colored-permanent dye 1 to 2 days postpartum had higher Sm-PFOS (18 % [2.7 %, 35 %]), PFOA (16 % [4.3 %, 29 %]), and perfluorononanoic acid (17 % [3.6 %, 33 %]) postpartum human-milk concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results show that PCP use may be a modifiable source of PFAS exposure in pregnant and lactating populations. These results along with growing scientific evidence can help inform PFAS regulation and guide individual choices to reduce PFAS exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109094"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High time resolution quantification of PM2.5 oxidative potential at a Central London roadside supersite","authors":"Steven J. Campbell ,&nbsp;Alexandre Barth ,&nbsp;Gang I. Chen ,&nbsp;Anja H. Tremper ,&nbsp;Max Priestman ,&nbsp;David Ek ,&nbsp;Shuming Gu ,&nbsp;Frank J. Kelly ,&nbsp;Markus Kalberer ,&nbsp;David C. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidative potential (OP) of airborne particulate matter (PM) is gaining increasing attention as a health-relevant metric to describe the capacity of PM to promote oxidative stress and cause adverse health effects. To date, most OP studies use filter-based approaches to sample PM and quantify OP, which have relatively poor time resolution (∼24 h) and underestimate the contribution of reactive components to OP due to the time delay between sample collection and analysis. To address this important limitation, we have developed a novel instrument which uses a direct-to-reagent sampling approach, providing robust, continuous, high time resolution (5 min) OP quantification, hence overcoming analytical limitations of filter-based techniques. In this study, we deployed this instrument in the Marylebone Road Air Quality Monitoring Station in London, UK, alongside a broad suite of high time resolution PM_2.5 composition measurements for three months continuous measurement during Summer 2023. High time resolution OP quantification reveals dynamic changes in volume-normalised (OP_v) and mass normalised (OP_m) OP evolving over ∼hourly timescales, observed at an average PM_2.5 mass concentration of 7.1 ± 4.2 µg m⁻³, below the WHO interim 4 target of 10 µg m⁻³. In addition, high time resolution data facilitates directional analysis, allowing us to determine the influence of wind speed and wind direction on OP, and the identification of PM_2.5 chemical components and sources which drive dynamic changes in OP; this includes traffic emissions, as well as emissions from the London Underground into the ambient airshed. These results demonstrate the capacity of high time resolution measurements to provide new insights into the temporal evolution of OP, as well as the composition and emission sources which drive OP, developing our understanding of the characteristics of PM_2.5 which may promote adverse health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109102"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}