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2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)最新文献

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On planning small cell backhaul networks 关于规划小型蜂窝回程网络
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194106
O. Grøndalen, O. Østerbø, G. Millstein, T. Tjelta
Small cells are expected to play an important role in future mobile networks to meet the rapidly increasing capacity demand. However, this requires that cost efficient backhaul solutions are found. This is a very challenging task given the large number of small cells that must be connected. In this paper we propose a set of practical methods that mobile operators can use as tools when planning small cell backhaul networks. The tools can help operators find the best way to connect the base station nodes and which technology to use on each link. Two methods are proposed for planning fiber-only networks. Fiber only solutions are interesting since long term backhaul solutions are expected to be dominated by fiber links and can be used to find heuristic solutions to multi-technology problems by e.g. replacing some fiber links with radio links. Optimal fiber-only networks with a tree topology can be easily found by a minimum weight spanning tree algorithm. By introducing a new metric we show that more resilient ring topology based solutions can be found by solving a traveling salesman type of problem. For heterogeneous multi-technology backhaul networks we propose a Mixed Integer linear Programming (MIP) problem formulation that allows inclusion of a wide range of requirements and constraints. The solutions can be made robust against varying traffic conditions by specifying capacity demand for different scenarios and both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint type of technologies can be included in the optimization. To verify the methods an example case study is performed for a small city.
小型蜂窝预计将在未来的移动网络中发挥重要作用,以满足快速增长的容量需求。然而,这需要找到具有成本效益的回程解决方案。考虑到必须连接大量的小细胞,这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务。在本文中,我们提出了一套实用的方法,移动运营商可以将其作为规划小蜂窝回程网络的工具。这些工具可以帮助运营商找到连接基站节点的最佳方式,以及在每个链路上使用哪种技术。提出了两种规划纯光纤网络的方法。只有光纤的解决方案是有趣的,因为长期的回程解决方案预计将由光纤链路主导,并可用于寻找多技术问题的启发式解决方案,例如用无线电链路取代一些光纤链路。用最小权值生成树算法可以很容易地找到树拓扑的最优纯光纤网络。通过引入一个新的度量,我们证明了通过求解一个旅行推销员类型的问题可以找到更有弹性的基于环拓扑的解决方案。对于异构多技术回程网络,我们提出了一个允许包含广泛需求和约束的混合整数线性规划(MIP)问题公式。通过指定不同场景的容量需求,可以使解决方案对不同的交通条件具有鲁棒性,并且可以将点对点和点对多点类型的技术包括在优化中。为了验证该方法的有效性,以一个小城市为例进行了案例研究。
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引用次数: 9
Experiences with testbed evaluation of the MobilityFirst Future Internet Architecture MobilityFirst未来互联网架构的测试平台评估经验
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194127
F. Bronzino, D. Raychaudhuri, I. Seskar
This paper reports results and experiences from the validation process performed to experimentally evaluate the design of the Future Internet Architecture MobilityFirst. Next, we discuss possible evaluation strategies that take into account the desired scale and degree of realism necessary for validation. Specific examples of experimental evaluations for the MobilityFirst architecture running on the ORBIT and GENI testbed are given. These include routing and name resolution scalability experiments on ORBIT, service-level evaluations on GENI, and real world experimentation with end-users using both ORBIT and GENI capabilities. Selected results from these experiments are presented and discussed in context of MobilityFirst evaluation goals.
本文报告了验证过程的结果和经验,以实验评估未来互联网架构移动性优先的设计。接下来,我们讨论可能的评估策略,考虑到验证所需的预期规模和现实主义程度。给出了在ORBIT和GENI试验台上运行MobilityFirst架构的具体实验评估实例。其中包括在ORBIT上进行路由和名称解析可伸缩性实验,在GENI上进行服务级别评估,以及同时使用ORBIT和GENI功能的终端用户的实际实验。在MobilityFirst评估目标的背景下,提出并讨论了这些实验的选定结果。
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引用次数: 11
Control plane solutions for sliceable bandwidth variable transceivers in Elastic Optical Networks 弹性光网络中可切片带宽可变收发器的控制平面解决方案
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194096
R. Casellas, F. Cugini, R. Martínez, F. Paolucci, R. Muñoz, P. Castoldi, R. Vilalta
Elastic Optical Networks (EON) are characterized by a flexible grid in which the so called “frequency slots” are allocated dynamically and based on the client signal data rate and modulation format and rely on bandwidth variable transceivers (BVT) and bandwidth variable cross-connects (OXC). A control plane(CP) is used for the efficient and dynamic provisioning of optical connections with recovery. Such emerging optical technologies bring new requirements to the CP related to the efficient flexible spectrum allocation, co-routed connection setup and dynamic and low latency configuration of optical parameters.
弹性光网络的特点是采用灵活的网格,根据客户端信号数据速率和调制格式动态分配所谓的“频率槽”,并依赖于带宽可变收发器(BVT)和带宽可变交叉连接(OXC)。控制平面(CP)用于高效、动态地发放具有恢复功能的光连接。这些新兴的光技术对CP提出了新的要求,包括高效灵活的频谱分配、同路连接的建立以及光参数的动态低延迟配置。
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引用次数: 0
Equalizer complexity for 6-LP mode 112 Gbit/s m-ary DP-QAM space division multiplexed transmission in strongly coupled Few-Mode-Fibers 强耦合少模光纤中6-LP模式112 Gbit/s带宽DP-QAM空分复用传输的均衡器复杂度
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194090
R. Asif, F. Ye, T. Morioka
We have quantified equalizer complexity for transmitting dual-polarized 6-LP modes (LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21a, LP21b and LP02) of 112 Gbit/s m-ary QAM (m=4, 16, 32, 64, 256) single carrier signals over 20 km step-index few-mode fiber. The transmitted signals are strongly coupled and recovered using 12×12 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adaptive digital signal processing (DSP). Time domain equalization (TDE) is realized to implement the linear adaptive MIMO module that is implemented in blind mode using conventional constant-modulus-algorithm (CMA) for finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filter continuous update. Moreover, the benefit of employing hard-decision (HD) and soft-decision (SD) FEC for higher order QAM variants are also discussed.
我们量化了在20公里步进指数少模光纤中传输112 Gbit/s m-ary QAM (m= 4,16,32,64,256)单载波信号的双极化6-LP模式(LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21a, LP21b和LP02)的均衡器复杂度。传输信号采用12×12多输入多输出(MIMO)自适应数字信号处理(DSP)进行强耦合和恢复。利用传统的恒模算法(CMA)实现盲模式下线性自适应MIMO模块的时域均衡(TDE),实现有限脉冲响应(FIR)自适应滤波器的连续更新。此外,还讨论了采用硬决策(HD)和软决策(SD) FEC对高阶QAM变体的好处。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of DRX power saving with RRC states transition in LTE networks LTE网络中RRC状态转换下的DRX节能分析
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194087
Li-Ping Tung, Li-Chun Wang, Cheng-Wen Hsueh, Chung-Ju Chang
The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless technology provides high data rates and improved latency to the end users. Such improvement is obtained from the advanced MAC and PHY layer techniques, which exhaust the battery life of the User Equipment (UE) quickly. To save the power of UE, 3GPP LTE proposes a mechanism called Discontinuous Reception Mechanism (DRX) which lets the UE switch its RF module off when data needs not be transmitted. In this paper, we have developed an analytical model to derive the DRX power saving obtained by the UE in LTE system. Different from other work, the RRC (Radio Resource Control) states transition is considered. The time period for power saving operation is divided into several independent parts to derive the power consumption and the transmission delay. In addition, we introduce the real power consumption model into the derived power saving model to obtain the truly power consumption. The analytical results show the UE with lower packet arrival rate can effectively save more power when entering RRC_IDLE state, and there is a trade-off between the power consumption and the transmission delay.
3GPP长期演进(LTE)无线技术为最终用户提供高数据速率和改进的延迟。这种改进来自于先进的MAC层和物理层技术,这些技术很快耗尽了用户设备(UE)的电池寿命。为了节省终端的功耗,3GPP LTE提出了一种称为不连续接收机制(DRX)的机制,该机制允许终端在不需要传输数据时关闭其射频模块。在本文中,我们建立了一个解析模型来推导LTE系统中UE获得的DRX省电。与其他工作不同的是,RRC(无线电资源控制)考虑了状态转换。将省电运行的时间段划分为几个独立的部分,推导出功耗和传输时延。此外,我们在推导的节能模型中引入了实际功耗模型,以获得真实功耗。分析结果表明,当终端进入RRC_IDLE状态时,报文到达率越低的终端可以有效地节省更多的功耗,并且在功耗和传输延迟之间进行了权衡。
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引用次数: 10
IDEALIST data plane solutions for elastic optical networks 理想的弹性光网络数据平面解决方案
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194098
P. Layec, A. Dupas, M. Nolle, J. Fischer, C. Schubert, J. Fàbrega, M. S. Moreolo, N. Sambo, G. Meloni, F. Fresi, A. Napoli, D. Rafique, M. Bohn, A. D’Errico, T. Rahman, E. Hugues-Salas, Yan Yan, Shuangyi Yan, G. Zervas, D. Simeonidou, A. Stavdas, C. Matrakidis, T. Orphanoudakis
The elastic optical networks paradigm offers a competitive solution in terms of resource utilization to cope with the ever-increasing traffic demand. Specifically, the ability to make a number of previously fixed transmission parameters tunable, for example the data rate or channel spacing, requires an evolution of the node architecture. To fully benefit from elasticity, the data plane should evolve towards a software-defined architecture. In this paper, we report the work carried out in the ICT IDEALIST project and in particular the data plane solutions towards 1Tb/s optical networks with flexgrid and flex-rate technology. Flexibility requires changes in optical cross-connect, transponder as well as in the digital layer. The consortium builds pre-commercial experimental testbeds to validate the proposed building blocks and to analyze candidate applications.
弹性光网络模式在资源利用方面提供了具有竞争力的解决方案,以应对日益增长的流量需求。具体来说,要使许多先前固定的传输参数(例如数据速率或信道间隔)可调,需要对节点体系结构进行改进。为了充分受益于弹性,数据平面应该向软件定义的体系结构发展。在本文中,我们报告了在ICT IDEALIST项目中开展的工作,特别是针对采用灵活网格和灵活速率技术的1Tb/s光网络的数据平面解决方案。灵活性要求光交叉连接、应答器以及数字层的变化。该联盟建立了预商用实验试验台,以验证提议的构建模块并分析候选应用。
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引用次数: 1
MmWave use cases and prototyping: A way towards 5G standardization 毫米波用例和原型:实现5G标准化的一种方式
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194054
V. Frascolla, Michael Faerber, E. Strinati, L. Dussopt, Vincent Kotzsch, E. Ohlmer, M. Shariat, J. Putkonen, G. Romano
In the framework of the forthcoming 5G telecommunication system, the definition of realistic use cases and prototypes strongly connected to them is key in order to demonstrate how well emerging enabling technologies can fulfil the challenges introduced by the 5G Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) architecture. This paper shows how millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies can be properly assessed by selecting real-life use cases and then deriving out of experimental platforms significant system Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Finally, the status of mmWave activities in standards bodies is described, highlighting which bodies are to be addressed for a successful go-to-market of such emerging technology.
在即将到来的5G电信系统框架中,为了展示新兴的使能技术如何很好地应对5G异构网络(HetNet)架构带来的挑战,定义与它们紧密相连的实际用例和原型是关键。本文展示了如何通过选择现实生活中的用例,然后从实验平台中得出重要的系统关键性能指标(KPI)来正确评估毫米波(mmWave)技术。最后,描述了毫米波活动在标准机构中的地位,强调了要使这种新兴技术成功进入市场,需要解决哪些机构的问题。
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引用次数: 20
Self-organized multi-hop millimeter-wave backhaul network: Beam alignment and dynamic routing 自组织多跳毫米波回程网络:波束对准与动态路由
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194083
H. Miao, Michael Faerber
Millimeter-wave (mmW) communication is envisioned to be a promising technology to cater for the continuous growth of backhaul link capacity demand. To compensate the severe path loss for mmW signals, the mmW backhaul link typically employs beam alignment between transmitter and receiver to achieve essential antenna gain. To reduce deployment cost and improve operational efficiency, it is desired to implement a self-organized backhaul link, so that the beam alignment can be achieved automatically with minimum human effort. To this end, this paper proposes a self-organized dual connectivity establishment procedure for the mmW backhaul link to support autonomous beam alignment and dynamic routing.
毫米波(mmW)通信被认为是一种有前途的技术,以满足不断增长的回程链路容量需求。为了补偿毫米波信号的严重路径损耗,毫米波回程链路通常采用发射器和接收器之间的波束对准来实现基本的天线增益。为了降低部署成本,提高运行效率,希望实现自组织回程链路,以便以最小的人力自动实现波束对准。为此,本文提出了一种自组织的毫米波回程链路双连通性建立程序,以支持自主波束对齐和动态路由。
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引用次数: 6
Addressing multiple virtual resources in the same geographical area 在同一地理区域内寻址多个虚拟资源
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194065
Luisa Caeiro, F. Cardoso, L. Correia
This paper addresses the virtualisation of wireless access in order to provide the required capacity (data rate) to a Virtual Base Station (VBS). The approach is based on a Virtual Radio Resource Allocation algorithm, OnDemandVRRA, which manages the allocation of the physical radio resources to VBSs' end-users, in order to follow the contract and maintaining isolation among VBSs, according to the type of guarantees of the VBSs, the amount of contracted capacity, and VBSs' utilisation. Taking the variability of the wireless medium into account, the algorithm continuously influences the RRM mechanisms, namely admission control and MAC scheduling, to be aware of the VBSs' state relative to the service level agreement, in order to compensate for this variability. The algorithm has been tested to evaluate its behaviour, concerning the amount of VBSs created over a given geographical area served by a set of base stations. It can be concluded that changing the quantity of created VBSs as well as the contracted data rate in the cluster, GRT VBSs get their minimum contracted data rate. It is also verified that the best Radio resource Unit (RU) efficiency is achieved when the strategy for the overall capacity provision is to limit the capacity contracted by GRT VNets, overbooking the capacity contracted by BE VNets. In this case, the RU efficiency increases 30% comparing to the situation where the overbooking is done by GRT VBSs.
本文讨论了无线接入的虚拟化,以便为虚拟基站(VBS)提供所需的容量(数据速率)。该方法基于虚拟无线电资源分配算法OnDemandVRRA,该算法管理向vbs的最终用户分配物理无线电资源,以便根据vbs的保证类型、合同容量和vbs的利用率,遵循合同并保持vbs之间的隔离。考虑到无线介质的可变性,该算法不断影响RRM机制,即准入控制和MAC调度,以了解vbs相对于服务水平协议的状态,以补偿这种可变性。该算法已经过测试,以评估其行为,即在一组基站服务的特定地理区域内产生的vbs数量。可以得出,改变集群中创建的vbs数量和压缩数据率,GRT vbs得到最小压缩数据率。验证了以限制GRT VNets承包的容量,超额预订BE VNets承包的容量为总体容量供给策略时,RU效率达到最佳。在这种情况下,与由GRT vbs完成超额预订的情况相比,RU效率提高了30%。
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引用次数: 3
Polarimetric properties and modeling of the power delay profile in large hall scenarios 大型霍尔场景下功率延迟分布的极化特性和建模
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194051
Shiqi Cheng, D. Gaillot, P. Laly, M. Liénard, T. Demol, E. Tanghe, W. Joseph, L. Martens
A full-polarimetric model of the power delay profile (PDP) is proposed in a large hall scenario and validated with polarimetric measurements of a large open hall radio channel under Line-of-Sight conditions at 1.3 GHz. The measured radio channels were processed by the high-resolution parametric estimator RiMAX to estimate both the polarimetric specular multipath components (SMC) and dense multipath components (DMC). The model of the full-polarimetric distance-dependent PDP was derived from which the depolarization mechanisms are presented. In addition, it is demonstrated that the room electromagnetics theory applies to our scenario across all polarization links. The validity of the proposed model is provided by the good agreement between the polarimetric data and models. The results of this contribution highlight the fact that a complete polarimetric description of all propagation mechanisms is desired in polarimetric radio channel models.
提出了一种大型大厅场景下的功率延迟分布(PDP)的全极化模型,并通过1.3 GHz视距条件下大型开放大厅无线电信道的极化测量进行了验证。利用高分辨率参数估计器RiMAX对测量到的无线电信道进行处理,估计出偏振镜面多径分量(SMC)和密集多径分量(DMC)。建立了全极化距离相关PDP模型,并给出了退极化机理。此外,还证明了房间电磁学理论适用于所有极化链路的场景。极化数据与模型吻合较好,证明了模型的有效性。这一贡献的结果突出了这样一个事实,即在极化无线电信道模型中需要对所有传播机制进行完整的极化描述。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)
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