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University Management: Practice and Analysis最新文献

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Measuring university engagement 衡量大学参与度
Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2019.05.043
Dmitry Kochetkov
This article presents a model for the evaluation of scientific research output from the standpoint of university engagement with the socio-economic environment based on a scientometric analysis of topical areas. The primary aim was to examine various interrelations between conventional and alternative scientometric indicators that most clearly reflect the relationship between universities, industry and society. Three countries and five topical research areas were chosen as the object of the study. A comparative analysis showed that conventional scientometric indicators correlate quite well with the indicators of social and commercial relevance of scientific research. However, since this relationship was not observed in the case of Brazil, an assumption was made about the influence of the national and disciplinary context. The evaluation of university engagement cannot be performed based exclusively on quantitative indicators, thus requiring qualitative assessment, e. g. peer review.
本文提出了一个基于主题领域的科学计量分析,从大学参与社会经济环境的角度评估科研产出的模型。研究的主要目的是研究传统和替代科学计量指标之间的各种相互关系,这些指标最清楚地反映了大学、工业和社会之间的关系。选择三个国家和五个专题研究领域作为研究对象。比较分析表明,传统科学计量学指标与科学研究的社会和商业相关性指标具有良好的相关性。然而,由于在巴西的情况下没有观察到这种关系,因此对国家和学科背景的影响作出了假设。大学参与的评估不能完全基于定量指标,因此需要定性评估,例如同行评审。
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引用次数: 0
SHORT-TERM INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC MOBILITY AS A FACTOR OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTERNATIONALIZATION 短期国际学术流动是高等教育国际化的一个因素
Pub Date : 2019-10-26 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2019.04.031
S. Pimonova, E. M. Fomina
This research paper presents the results of a survey conducted by the authors and their interpretation of the identified factors influencing the students’ satisfaction of participating in international academic mobility. The investigation studies the issues of the education internationalization effectiveness in Russian universities, which is provided via students’ opportunity to participate in international mobility programs. The problems of internationalization are practical, since now this process is one of the prior directions in the development of education. Within this work, there has been conducted a study of Russian students’ views on the level and quality of education in the programs of international academic mobility, and the main result of the work is the identification of the most significant factors affecting the students’ choice of higher school for mobility. These factors are combined by the authors in a set of recommendations to the leading Russian universities when choosing partner universities. The practical part includes an expert interview of students (14 people) participating in mobility programs. It aims at identifying criteria for their satisfaction with this experience, which, together with the factors identified as a result of analyzing theoretical works, has provided the basis for making a questionnaire on academic mobility, then passed by 148 students. Thus, the following significant components of the effective program mastery have been identified: a high level of foreign students’ adaptation and awareness at the host university, high professionalism of the teachers, expenses moderation, scholarships availability, team projects for getting along with course mates. There have been found out the leading criteria for the students’ selection of foreign universities: established partnerships between sending and receiving universities, the attractiveness of the country of the program, the opportunity to practice rare foreign languages with their native speakers. As a research perspective, there can be suggested distinguishing the factors which influence the choice of Western or Eastern universities-partners.Â
本文介绍了作者进行的一项调查结果,以及他们对影响学生参与国际学术流动€™满意度的确定因素的解释。该调查研究了俄罗斯大学教育国际化有效性的问题,这是通过学生参与国际流动项目提供的机会。国际化的问题是现实的,因为这一过程是目前教育发展的优先方向之一。在这项工作中,对俄罗斯学生对国际学术流动项目中教育水平和质量的看法进行了研究,该工作的主要结果是确定了影响学生选择高等学校进行流动的最重要因素。在选择合作大学时,作者将这些因素综合起来,为俄罗斯领先大学提供了一组建议。实践部分包括对参与流动项目的学生(14人)进行专家访谈。它旨在确定他们对这种经历的满意度标准,并结合分析理论工作所确定的因素,为制作学术流动问卷提供了基础,然后由148名学生通过。因此,有效的项目掌握的以下重要组成部分已被确定:外国学生在主办大学的高水平的适应和意识,教师的高度专业性,费用适度,奖学金的可用性,与课程伙伴相处的团队项目。学生选择国外大学的主要标准是:发送和接收大学之间建立的合作伙伴关系,项目所在国家的吸引力,与母语人士练习稀有外语的机会。从研究的角度来看,可以建议区分影响西方或东方选择的因素universities-partners.Â
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引用次数: 3
THE MONITORING OF MONITORING: WHAT’S WRONG WITH THE MINISTRY’S NEW APPROACH TO SUPERVISION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ PERFORMANCE? 监督的监督:教育部对高等教育机构绩效有效性进行监督的新方法有什么问题?
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.03.015
V. Bolotov, G. Motova, V. Navodnov
The article discusses the Monitoring of higher education institutions’ (HEIs’) effectiveness, which has been conducted annually by the Ministry of Education and Science in the last five years. The method of the Monitoring is based on the technology of collecting and systematizing information used by the state accreditation in 1997–2010. The reasons for the introduction of the Monitoring by the Ministry are described; the features of the performance indicators are justified by the state educational policy. A model of presentation of the Monitoring results in the league table format is suggested, which makes it possible to use its results more flexibly for the management of the higher education system. It also allows higher education institutions to analyze their positions and to form their own ways of the development.
本文讨论了教育和科学部在过去五年中每年进行的高等教育机构€™(heis€™)有效性监测。监测方法是基于1997 - - 2010年国家认证使用的信息收集和系统化技术。说明了该部实行监测的原因;国家教育政策证明了绩效指标的特点是合理的。建议采用一种以排名表形式提出监测结果的模式,以便能够更灵活地将其结果用于高等教育系统的管理。这也使高等院校能够分析自己的定位,形成自己的发展之路。
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引用次数: 4
QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE 高等教育质量:国际实践回顾
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.03.022
Оценка Качества, высшего образоваНия, Обзор Международного Опыта, Катерина Сергеевна Губа, K. Guba
The article reviews international practice in managing and reforming national education quality assurance systems. Due to the influence of debates about instruments that have the potential to contribute to the development of quality education, many countries over the past decades have elaborated a system for assessing higher education quality. The review discusses both countries known for a long history of quality assurance (England or the United States) and cases that, under the influence of external pressures, developed a model of quality assessment from scratch. There are three significant trends in international experience. Firstly, countries either substantially reform the format of accreditation or abandon it entirely. There is a consensus among experts that the aim of the assessment system should be improving the quality of education. The accreditation is not suitable for it, since this format is generally related to satisfying the minimum standards. Secondly, more and more experts emphasize the advantages of quality audit, its format being related to assessing the university’s ability to autonomously maintain high standards of education quality. Third, the rejection of a unified assessment of universities is considered necessary, as it leads to a decrease in the diversity of the education system. A quality assurance system should take into account the specific features of the university, since the differentiated education system is more responsive to the demands of the labour market, the needs of students and society. The idea of creating uniform quality standards outside Russia and several countries of Eastern Europe not only lacks popularity, but is also criticized actively. All these trends allow us to conclude that the current Russian education quality assurance system does not meet international trends. In this regard, the experience of other countries in organizing the national system of education quality assessment is seen as particularly relevant to the context of Russian higher education.
本文回顾了管理和改革国家教育质量保证体系的国际实践。由于关于可能有助于发展优质教育的工具的辩论的影响,许多国家在过去几十年中已经制定了评估高等教育质量的系统。报告讨论了两个以质量保证历史悠久而闻名的国家(英国或美国),以及在外部压力的影响下从零开始发展质量评估模式的案例。国际经验有三个重要趋势。首先,各国要么对认证形式进行实质性改革,要么完全放弃。专家们一致认为,评估制度的目的应该是提高教育质量。认证不适合它,因为这种格式通常与满足最低标准有关。其次,越来越多的专家强调质量审计的优势,其形式关系到评估大学自主保持高水平教育质量的能力。第三,有人认为,拒绝大学统一评价会减少教育制度的多样性,这是必要的。质素保证制度应顾及大学的特色,因为差异化的教育制度更能回应劳工市场、学生和社会的需要。在俄罗斯和一些东欧国家之外建立统一质量标准的想法不仅缺乏知名度,而且受到了积极的批评。所有这些趋势使我们得出结论,目前俄罗斯的教育质量保证体系不符合国际趋势。在这方面,其他国家在组织国家教育质量评价制度方面的经验被认为特别适合俄罗斯高等教育的情况。
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引用次数: 4
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY AS A TOOL TO INCREASE ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 把发展组织文化作为高校增加竞争优势的工具
Pub Date : 2019-05-09 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.01-2.011
N. Guskova, A. V. Erastova
The research article is devoted to studying the university’s organizational culture. To survive and be competitive in the face of strong national and international competition, the university has to be unique as compared to other universities. One of the strategic sources for forming a university’s competitive advantages is to change its organizational culture. It is the university’s development that makes it possible to form new value attitudes, both among teachers and students. The article observes a study of the organizational culture in National Research Mordovia State University. To analyse the surface level of the organizational culture of the university, we have investigated the attitude of teachers and students to the key elements of the organizational environment of the university (tradition, corporate style, encouragement and punishment etc.). The analysis of the subsurface level of the organizational culture has been carried out with the help of adapted versions of K. Cameron and R. Quinn’s questionnaires. Basic value judgments are identified by means of G. Hofstede’s method. The respondents of the questionnaires have numbered 847, including 100 research and teaching staff and 747 students. The results of studying the teachers’ and students’ views on organizational culture provide the general idea of key values, culture orientations, which identify the whole of this culture. The study shows the fragmentary perception of culture elements by the representatives of different departments, which sometimes leads to a diametrically opposite assessment of the parameters of this culture. In this regard, it is necessary to implement a number of training programs aimed at developing the communication system, organizational values, psychological comfort, and corporate image. At the same time, it seems reasonable to consider the development process of the selected components through achieving certain goals, which must ensure the quality of all organizational processes within the university, and, consequently, increase its competitive advantages.
这篇研究文章致力于研究大学的组织文化。为了在激烈的国内和国际竞争中生存和竞争,大学必须与其他大学相比是独一无二的。组织文化的变革是形成大学竞争优势的战略来源之一。正是大学的发展使得师生之间形成新的价值观念成为可能。本文对莫尔多维亚国立研究大学的组织文化进行了研究。为了分析大学组织文化的表层,我们调查了教师和学生对大学组织环境关键要素(传统、企业作风、奖惩等)的态度。组织文化的深层层次分析是借助卡梅隆(K. Cameron)和奎因(R. Quinn)问卷的改编版进行的。利用霍夫斯泰德的方法确定基本价值判断。调查问卷的回答者847人,其中科研和教学人员100人,学生747人。通过对教师和学生对组织文化观的研究,得出了组织文化观的核心价值观和文化取向的总体概念,从而确定了组织文化观的整体。研究表明,不同部门的代表对文化要素的感知是碎片化的,这有时会导致对这种文化参数的截然相反的评估。在这方面,有必要实施一系列旨在发展沟通系统、组织价值观、心理安慰和企业形象的培训计划。同时,通过实现一定的目标来考虑所选组件的开发过程似乎是合理的,这必须确保大学内部所有组织过程的质量,从而增加其竞争优势。
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引用次数: 0
PERCEPTION OF THE UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE BY ACADEMICS VS. STUDENTS 学者和学生对大学组织文化的看法
Pub Date : 2019-05-08 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.01-2.010
В. А. Пушных
There are a lot of studies devoted to organizational culture of the academics and students at the universities. However, these studies refer either only to the former or only to latter. This provides no opportunity for comparing the perception of organizational culture by academics and students of the same university and, hence, for conclusions regarding needed or possible changes of this culture. This research is supposed to eliminate this shortcoming. The widely known method of OCAI has been used for the study. The study has covered academics and students of all academic departments of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The traditional OCAI questionnaire has been adapted to the university specificity, as well as to the level of students’ organizational culture perception. The study shows that organizational profiles of academics and students are very similar, but the academics demonstrate heavier accent on hierarchical culture. Therefore, the regular staff of the university possesses a strong culture, which is very likely to be imposed on the university’s variable – students. The research also reflects the trend to enhancing hierarchical culture at the university, this tendency seeming rather dangerous. The research has taken place in a Russian technical university. It seems to be reasonable to do such a study in other kinds of universities in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of organizational culture in Russian higher school. The article describes the first experience of combined studying the academics’ and students’ organizational culture. Its results might orient university administrators and academics to paying special attention to their own organizational culture, since this culture is translated to society via values fostered in university graduates during their student’s life.
有很多关于大学里的学者和学生的组织文化的研究。然而,这些研究要么只涉及前者,要么只涉及后者。这就没有机会比较同一所大学的学者和学生对组织文化的看法,从而得出关于这种文化需要或可能发生的变化的结论。这项研究旨在消除这一缺点。本研究采用了广为人知的OCAI方法。这项研究涵盖了托木斯克理工大学所有院系的学者和学生。传统的OCAI问卷已经适应了大学的特殊性,也适应了学生组织文化感知的水平。研究表明,学者和学生的组织结构非常相似,但学者更强调等级文化。因此,大学的正规员工具有很强的文化,这种文化很可能会强加给大学的可变学生。这项研究还反映了大学里强化等级文化的趋势,这种趋势似乎相当危险。这项研究是在俄罗斯一所技术大学进行的。为了更全面地了解俄罗斯高等学校的组织文化,在其他类型的大学中进行这样的研究似乎是合理的。本文描述了学者与学生组织文化结合研究的第一次经验。其结果可能会引导大学管理者和学者特别关注他们自己的组织文化,因为这种文化通过大学毕业生在学生生活中培养的价值观转化为社会。
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引用次数: 2
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF UNIVERSITIES’ SOCIAL CAPITAL CONSOLIDATION 高校社会资本整合的心理层面
Pub Date : 2019-05-08 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.01-2.002
Вера Александровна Чикер, Людмила Георгиевна Почебут, Наталья Владимировна Волкова
The article considers the conceptual issues for psychological studying various forms of social capital consolidation within universities. The main aspects of social capital consolidation are university reputation, trust, commitment to university goals, identification with the university, organizational culture, and an opportunity to put personal motives into life. The main goal of this paper is to examine the peculiarities of social capital consolidation in three Russian leading universities and to make theoretical conclusions to confirm our model of organizations’ social capital components. The article step by step studies the concept of university’s social capital and its connection with both organizational culture and reputation. An organization’s social capital and its consolidation are defined; the basic components of social capital for representatives of different university subcultures (students, administrative staff, and faculty) in three leading Russian highly-ranked universities are named according to the research. There is described the interrelation between the university’s reputation and the opportunities to put personal motives into life, the dynamics of the social capital formation for students in Russian universities and determinants of socialization for employees in higher educational institutions. In order to make managerial decisions and conduct further empirical studies, all the phenomena are considered according to their psychological contents, the research objects (leading Russian universities) taken into account. Altogether 590 people participated in this study. Various statistical methods are used: content analysis, ANOVA (analysis of variance), correlation and regression methods. The research showed that the consolidation of universities’ social capital combines both internal and external focuses of this phenomenon that can be presented via reputation characteristics, for instance, «reputational platform», a combination of clan and market cultures as well as socialization (trust, organizational commitment and identification). This concept can be considered as a positive basis to understand different managerial problems and find focused efforts to solve them. This article contributes to understanding psychological aspects of university management and to studying its cumulative social capital, which can significantly improve university’s reputation, as well as its competitive advantages within entrepreneurial environment.
本文对大学内部各种形式社会资本巩固的心理学研究的概念问题进行了思考。社会资本巩固的主要方面是大学声誉、信任、对大学目标的承诺、对大学的认同、组织文化以及将个人动机付诸生活的机会。本文的主要目的是考察俄罗斯三所一流大学社会资本整合的特点,并得出理论结论来验证我们的组织社会资本成分模型。本文逐步研究了大学社会资本的概念及其与组织文化和声誉的关系。界定了组织的社会资本及其整合;根据研究,命名了俄罗斯三所顶尖大学不同大学亚文化代表(学生,行政人员和教师)的社会资本的基本组成部分。本文描述了大学声誉与将个人动机融入生活的机会之间的相互关系,俄罗斯大学学生社会资本形成的动态以及高等教育机构员工社会化的决定因素。为了做出管理决策并进行进一步的实证研究,所有的现象都是根据其心理内容来考虑的,研究对象(俄罗斯一流大学)考虑在内。共有590人参与了这项研究。使用了各种统计方法:内容分析、方差分析、相关和回归方法。研究表明,大学社会资本的整合结合了这一现象的内部和外部焦点,可以通过声誉特征来表现,例如“声誉平台”,宗族文化和市场文化的结合以及社会化(信任,组织承诺和认同)。这个概念可以被认为是一个积极的基础,以了解不同的管理问题,并找到集中的努力来解决它们。本文有助于理解大学管理的心理层面,研究其积累的社会资本可以显著提高大学的声誉,以及在创业环境中的竞争优势。
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引用次数: 3
Defciencies and Paradoxes of the Higher Education Market in Russia and its Organization in Russian Universities: What Can Be Changed? 俄罗斯高等教育市场的缺陷与悖论及其在俄罗斯大学中的组织:可以改变什么?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/UMPA.2019.01-2.0014
A. Prokhorov, V. Blinov
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Organizational Culture in the Process of Students’ Identification with a University 组织文化在学生认同大学过程中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2020.01.010
V. O. Pomyalova, N. Volkova
The article presents the results of the research conducted in one of the top-ranked universities in Russia. The paper aims at identifying the relationship between the levels of identification and of students’ adherence to the university and their perception of organizational culture. The study reveals the peculiarities of students’ perception of culture and differences from their own ideas about it. There is measured the degree of the respondents’ identification with the organization and, as a result, the degree of their adherence to the university. The survey demanded three methods to be applied and 150 people to participate. The data have been processed with the help of various statistical methods (dispersion, correlation, factor, and regression analysis). The results show the discrepancies in students’ ideas of the prevailing culture, but at the same time a general tendency to their positive relationships with the university. The interest in the discussed questions of the research is related to the role of an educational institution’s image in the aspects of management and attractiveness for its students. Modern universities are considered to be a type of organizations, which provide educational services and therefore are forced to compete with others at the market. As a result, they are required to find optimal solutions and to create competitive advantages according to the expectations of potential «customers». The paper describes a case of undergraduate students, which allows us to draw conclusions about the peculiarities of the organizational culture and the image of the university as influencing students’ loyalty. The fact of a loyal attitude is considered to be an advantage necessary for a modern university to save and strengthen its own positions at the educational services market, as well as to form a development strategy based on analyzing the current situation.
本文介绍了在俄罗斯排名靠前的一所大学进行的研究结果。本文旨在确定学生对大学的认同水平和学生对大学的坚持程度与他们对组织文化的看法之间的关系。该研究揭示了学生对文化感知的特殊性和他们自己对文化的看法的差异。调查测量了受访者对该组织的认同程度,以及他们对该大学的忠诚程度。该调查要求采用三种方法,150人参与。这些数据已经用各种统计方法(离散、相关、因子和回归分析)进行了处理。结果表明,学生对主流文化的看法存在差异,但与此同时,他们普遍倾向于与大学建立积极的关系。研究中讨论的问题的兴趣与教育机构在管理和对学生的吸引力方面的形象所起的作用有关。现代大学被认为是一种提供教育服务的组织,因此被迫在市场上与其他组织竞争。因此,他们需要找到最佳的解决方案,并根据潜在的«customers»的期望创造竞争优势。本文描述了一个本科生的案例,这使我们能够得出关于影响学生€™忠诚度的组织文化和大学形象的特殊性的结论。忠诚的态度被认为是现代大学在教育服务市场上保存和加强自身地位的必要优势,也是在分析现状的基础上形成发展战略的必要优势。
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引用次数: 0
Russian Higher Education as Influenced by COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情对俄罗斯高等教育的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2020.04.031
T. Klyachko, S. Sinelnikov-Murylev
The purpose of this article is to analyze trends in Russian higher education development during the coronavirus pandemic. The paper considers main problems faced by Russian universities in their students’ transition to distance learning. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the «digital inequality», which became urgent in the conditions of online teaching organization. It is shown that the «digital inequality» does not only mean differentiating students by their having necessary equipment to study remotely. The issues of «digital inequality» are being investigated at the levels of regions, universities, teachers and students. At the same time, the authors substantiate the thesis that it will not be possible to solve the problem of the dynamic development of the Russian higher education system within the framework of the current model of budget financing, and thus propose approaches to its change.
本文旨在分析新冠肺炎疫情期间俄罗斯高等教育发展趋势。本文分析了俄罗斯高校在学生向远程教育过渡过程中面临的主要问题。特别关注的是“数字不平等”问题,这在在线教学组织的条件下变得紧迫。研究表明,“数字不平等”并不仅仅意味着通过拥有必要的远程学习设备来区分学生。“数字不平等”问题正在地区、大学、教师和学生的层面上进行调查。同时,作者论证了在现行预算融资模式框架内不可能解决俄罗斯高等教育系统动态发展的问题,并提出了改变预算融资模式的途径。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
University Management: Practice and Analysis
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