E-invoice is one of the tax administration modernization program created to reduce the tax compliance costs in order to improve the tax compliance. This paper aims to prove that e-invoice as a form of institutional change can actually change or lower the tax compliance costs. Using a qualitative approach case study method and supported by evidence of calculation of the cost of compliance. The results showed that e-invoice cannot directly reduce the tax compliance costs, because e-invoice is a new program and the taxpayers bear big the amount of time cost for the process of adjustment (adapt). Tax compliance costs will increase temporarily during the adaptation process; the total compliance cost in the six months after the e-invoice increased 3.4 percent from the six months before. Then, the results of tax compliance costs estimated at one year after the e-invoice applied showed that the compliance costs decrease 31 percent from the cost of compliance without e-invoice. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4866
{"title":"Transaction Cost on the Implementation of E-Invoices in Micro and Small Enterprises","authors":"Clara Palupi, Darwanto Darwanto","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4866","url":null,"abstract":"E-invoice is one of the tax administration modernization program created to reduce the tax compliance costs in order to improve the tax compliance. This paper aims to prove that e-invoice as a form of institutional change can actually change or lower the tax compliance costs. Using a qualitative approach case study method and supported by evidence of calculation of the cost of compliance. The results showed that e-invoice cannot directly reduce the tax compliance costs, because e-invoice is a new program and the taxpayers bear big the amount of time cost for the process of adjustment (adapt). Tax compliance costs will increase temporarily during the adaptation process; the total compliance cost in the six months after the e-invoice increased 3.4 percent from the six months before. Then, the results of tax compliance costs estimated at one year after the e-invoice applied showed that the compliance costs decrease 31 percent from the cost of compliance without e-invoice. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4866","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"139-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67141511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study empirically explores the factors motivating Muzakki (zakat payers) to pay zakat at the Baitul Mal Aceh, Indonesia. The factors motivating Muzakki to pay zakat investigated in the study comprises culture, regulation, motivation, and Muzakki understanding on zakat. 600 questionnaires were disseminated to the respondents, which were selected based on the convenience sampling technique. Then, the data were analysed using a binary logistic regression. The results of this study showed that culture, regulation, motivation, and understanding of the Muzakki on zakat significantly and positively affected the decision of Muzakki to pay their zakat at the Baitul Mal Aceh. This study implies that in order Muzakki to pay their zakat at the Baitul Mal, Islamic cultures should be preserved among Achenese, government should enhance regulation pertaining zakat management and the people of Aceh need to be equipped with the relevant knowledge on the obligation of zakat payment. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4302
本研究实证研究了激励Muzakki（天课支付者）在印度尼西亚Baitul Mal Aceh支付天课的因素。本研究调查的促使穆扎基支付天课的因素包括文化、规则、动机和穆扎基对天课的理解。向受访者分发了600份问卷，这些问卷是根据方便抽样技术选择的。然后，使用二元逻辑回归对数据进行分析。这项研究的结果表明，文化、法规、动机和对穆扎基人在天课上的理解显著而积极地影响了穆扎基在Baitul Mal Aceh支付天课的决定。这项研究表明，为了让穆扎基在拜图勒马尔支付天课，阿切尼人中应该保留伊斯兰文化，政府应该加强与天课管理有关的监管，亚齐人民需要具备支付天课义务的相关知识。DOI:10.15408/jie.v6i1.4302
{"title":"The Motivation of Muzakki to Pay Zakah: Study at The Baitul Mal Aceh","authors":"M. Majid","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4302","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically explores the factors motivating Muzakki (zakat payers) to pay zakat at the Baitul Mal Aceh, Indonesia. The factors motivating Muzakki to pay zakat investigated in the study comprises culture, regulation, motivation, and Muzakki understanding on zakat. 600 questionnaires were disseminated to the respondents, which were selected based on the convenience sampling technique. Then, the data were analysed using a binary logistic regression. The results of this study showed that culture, regulation, motivation, and understanding of the Muzakki on zakat significantly and positively affected the decision of Muzakki to pay their zakat at the Baitul Mal Aceh. This study implies that in order Muzakki to pay their zakat at the Baitul Mal, Islamic cultures should be preserved among Achenese, government should enhance regulation pertaining zakat management and the people of Aceh need to be equipped with the relevant knowledge on the obligation of zakat payment. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4302","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"159-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44434408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to identify the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance institutions and their impact on poverty reduction in two types of rural areas in the district of Bogor, Indonesia. This research uses descriptive analysis, using a likert’s scale and with a paired sample t test to determine the impact of Islamic micro finance to micro business performance. Multiple regression is also used to see the effect of the types of villages in the implementation of micro-enterprise businesses. The results show that the Islamic micro financing has affected the effectiveness of the income and expenditure aspects, but also quite effective in the aspect of profit and use in expenditure. Furthermore, funding-based Islamic microfinance also has a positive influence on business micro and poverty reduction . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4337
{"title":"Islamic Micro Finance and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction of Two Village Models in Bogor, Indonesia","authors":"Mustica Bintang Sabiti, J. Effendi","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4337","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to identify the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance institutions and their impact on poverty reduction in two types of rural areas in the district of Bogor, Indonesia. This research uses descriptive analysis, using a likert’s scale and with a paired sample t test to determine the impact of Islamic micro finance to micro business performance. Multiple regression is also used to see the effect of the types of villages in the implementation of micro-enterprise businesses. The results show that the Islamic micro financing has affected the effectiveness of the income and expenditure aspects, but also quite effective in the aspect of profit and use in expenditure. Furthermore, funding-based Islamic microfinance also has a positive influence on business micro and poverty reduction . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4337","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"87-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed to analyzed the factors that affect the liquidity and capital of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The method is used multiple linear regression. This result shows that the main problem of Islamic banks in Indonesia is how to increase equity in line with increasing third party fund. Another problem is that Islamic bank face difficulties to find debt for solving liquidity problem due to lack of instruments for liquidity derivative. Therefore Islamic banks rely on third party funds, which are high cost of funds due to time deposit fund, rather than using current deposit and saving deposit fund. Another result, negative coefficient of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to Quick Ratio (QR) indicate that if macroeconomics of Indonesia is stable and good environment, Islamic banks will expansive the market, meanwhile Islamic banks have now low level of liquidity buffer. This means Islamic banks face high level of risk, if core depositors withdraw money rushly it became default DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4405
{"title":"Liquidity and Capital of Islamic Banks in Indonesia","authors":"M. N. Hosen, S. Muhari","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4405","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to analyzed the factors that affect the liquidity and capital of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The method is used multiple linear regression. This result shows that the main problem of Islamic banks in Indonesia is how to increase equity in line with increasing third party fund. Another problem is that Islamic bank face difficulties to find debt for solving liquidity problem due to lack of instruments for liquidity derivative. Therefore Islamic banks rely on third party funds, which are high cost of funds due to time deposit fund, rather than using current deposit and saving deposit fund. Another result, negative coefficient of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to Quick Ratio (QR) indicate that if macroeconomics of Indonesia is stable and good environment, Islamic banks will expansive the market, meanwhile Islamic banks have now low level of liquidity buffer. This means Islamic banks face high level of risk, if core depositors withdraw money rushly it became default DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4405","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"49-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43561306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of research is to analyze the volatility effect of food commodity prices and whether surging food commodity prices have spilled over into food inflation and total inflation with time series data through Box-Jenkins method for 12 food commodity prices. The results have proved that only beef price had high volatility effects and have asymmetric effect. While, soybeans, cooking oil, and food are vulnerable but did not have volatility effects. The change in food commodity prices are significant drive the inflation in the long-term although in the short-term insignificant. The government needs to overcome the full transmission effect of an exogenous shock and to introduce economic reform through investment, infrastructure, and markets for corn and egg for food inflation; eggs and peanuts for total inflation. Besides, strong second-round effects of higher commodity prices on inflation have generally been absent converged to core inflation. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523
{"title":"The Nature of Food Commodity Prices Volatility in Driving Inflation and Policy","authors":"Nurliza Nurliza","doi":"10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of research is to analyze the volatility effect of food commodity prices and whether surging food commodity prices have spilled over into food inflation and total inflation with time series data through Box-Jenkins method for 12 food commodity prices. The results have proved that only beef price had high volatility effects and have asymmetric effect. While, soybeans, cooking oil, and food are vulnerable but did not have volatility effects. The change in food commodity prices are significant drive the inflation in the long-term although in the short-term insignificant. The government needs to overcome the full transmission effect of an exogenous shock and to introduce economic reform through investment, infrastructure, and markets for corn and egg for food inflation; eggs and peanuts for total inflation. Besides, strong second-round effects of higher commodity prices on inflation have generally been absent converged to core inflation. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"103-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many believe concentrated banking industry which is dominated by few big banks creates lower competition, high profitability, and low efficiency. The main issue in empirical testing of this hypothesis is how to measure banking competition level. Traditional measures of competition are concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. This study uses three measures of banking level competition which are widely used in recent financial literature: Boone Indicator, Lerner Index and H-Panzar-Rosse statistics. Lerner Index and H-Panzar-Rosse statistics resulted a similar competition level conclusion, while Boone Indicator produced slightly different output. Industry concentration produced opposing results with those three level of industry competition measurement methods. The results show banking competition tend to be a monopolistic competition in ASEAN countries, especially in Indonesia which banks’ strategy basically were non-pricing strategy. Competition significantly caused lower profitability, while banking efficiency was not significantly affected by level of competition. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4547
{"title":"Banking Competition Measurement and Banking Sector Performance: Analysis of 4 ASEAN Countries","authors":"Buddi Wibowo","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V6I1.4547","url":null,"abstract":"Many believe concentrated banking industry which is dominated by few big banks creates lower competition, high profitability, and low efficiency. The main issue in empirical testing of this hypothesis is how to measure banking competition level. Traditional measures of competition are concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. This study uses three measures of banking level competition which are widely used in recent financial literature: Boone Indicator, Lerner Index and H-Panzar-Rosse statistics. Lerner Index and H-Panzar-Rosse statistics resulted a similar competition level conclusion, while Boone Indicator produced slightly different output. Industry concentration produced opposing results with those three level of industry competition measurement methods. The results show banking competition tend to be a monopolistic competition in ASEAN countries, especially in Indonesia which banks’ strategy basically were non-pricing strategy. Competition significantly caused lower profitability, while banking efficiency was not significantly affected by level of competition. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4547","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45837330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the relative efficiency of saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia. In this study, the selection of inputs and outputs to be analyzed by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was selected using the intermediation approach. The results showed that the overall saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia have not operated fully efficient. This is indicated by the average of value of Malmquist Productivity Index which was still below one, but individually the study found that some cooperatives have operated efficiently, such as cooperative employee of PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda (Persero), KPN Kopebun, KPN Citra Guru, KPN Tunas and Kopbun Cut Mutia. These findings implied that more serious efforts should be made by the saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia to improve the cooperative management efficiency levels by managing their capital and assets professionally . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3193
本研究的目的是衡量和分析印尼北亚齐省储蓄和信贷合作单位的相对效率。在本研究中，使用中介方法选择数据包络分析(DEA)分析的输入和输出。结果表明，印尼北亚齐省储蓄信用社整体运行效率不高。Malmquist生产力指数的平均值仍然低于1，但单独研究发现，一些合作社的运作效率很高，如PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda (Persero)， KPN Kopebun, KPN Citra Guru, KPN Tunas和Kopbun Cut Mutia的合作社员工。这些研究结果表明，印尼北亚齐省储蓄信用社单位应更加认真地努力提高合作社的管理效率水平，对其资本和资产进行专业化管理。DOI: 10.15408 / sjie.v5i2.3193
{"title":"Efficiency of Saving and Credit Cooperative Units in North Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"G. Syamni","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3193","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the relative efficiency of saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia. In this study, the selection of inputs and outputs to be analyzed by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was selected using the intermediation approach. The results showed that the overall saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia have not operated fully efficient. This is indicated by the average of value of Malmquist Productivity Index which was still below one, but individually the study found that some cooperatives have operated efficiently, such as cooperative employee of PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda (Persero), KPN Kopebun, KPN Citra Guru, KPN Tunas and Kopbun Cut Mutia. These findings implied that more serious efforts should be made by the saving and credit cooperative units in North Aceh, Indonesia to improve the cooperative management efficiency levels by managing their capital and assets professionally . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3193","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"5 1","pages":"99-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67141483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines the effect of input price changes on firm survival. The increasing on import activities in the last decades indicates that manufacturing industry depends on imported raw material. It leads the industry extremely vulnerable to the global economic shocks. Some of the industries that depend on imported raw material is unlikely to survive in the crisis. Using firm level data from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers for the period 2008-2012 and probit estimation with price data of input as main variables, we find that change of input price significantly decreasing the probability of firm survival. Firm size and age as the main determinant of survival consistent with previous studies . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3236
{"title":"The Impact Analysis of Raw Material Price on Firm Survival","authors":"Sry Rahayu Febriani","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3236","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the effect of input price changes on firm survival. The increasing on import activities in the last decades indicates that manufacturing industry depends on imported raw material. It leads the industry extremely vulnerable to the global economic shocks. Some of the industries that depend on imported raw material is unlikely to survive in the crisis. Using firm level data from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers for the period 2008-2012 and probit estimation with price data of input as main variables, we find that change of input price significantly decreasing the probability of firm survival. Firm size and age as the main determinant of survival consistent with previous studies . DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3236","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"5 1","pages":"149-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67141673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses on sectoral variations of technical effciency and return to scale in the Indonesian economy. Employing regression analysis of Cobb-Douglas production function, thesecoefficientswere calculated. Nine economic sectors in the Indonesian economy: Agriculture, Mining and Quarying, Manufacturing, Electricity,Gas and Drinking Water, Construction, Trade, Hotel and Restaurant, Transportation and Communication, Finance, Rental and Corporate Services, and Services, were exercised to study the variation of those coefficiens. Sectoral data on gross domestic product, capital stock and employment are those from the years 1967 to 2007 collected from many documents available at the National Statistics Agency. The result shows that the coeffiecients of technical efficiency do vary among sectors. Those sectors in which the coefficients were above that at the national level, experienced decreasing return to scale. On the contrary, those sectors in which the coeffiecients were below that at national level, experienced increasing return to scale. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3400
{"title":"Sectoral Variations on Technical Efficiency and Return to Scale in the Indonesian Economy","authors":"M. Muchdie","doi":"10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/SJIE.V5I2.3400","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses on sectoral variations of technical effciency and return to scale in the Indonesian economy. Employing regression analysis of Cobb-Douglas production function, thesecoefficientswere calculated. Nine economic sectors in the Indonesian economy: Agriculture, Mining and Quarying, Manufacturing, Electricity,Gas and Drinking Water, Construction, Trade, Hotel and Restaurant, Transportation and Communication, Finance, Rental and Corporate Services, and Services, were exercised to study the variation of those coefficiens. Sectoral data on gross domestic product, capital stock and employment are those from the years 1967 to 2007 collected from many documents available at the National Statistics Agency. The result shows that the coeffiecients of technical efficiency do vary among sectors. Those sectors in which the coefficients were above that at the national level, experienced decreasing return to scale. On the contrary, those sectors in which the coeffiecients were below that at national level, experienced increasing return to scale. DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i2.3400","PeriodicalId":31086,"journal":{"name":"Signifikan","volume":"25 1","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67141838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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