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Chronopolitics: methodological aspects of public policy research 时间政治学:公共政策研究的方法论方面
Pub Date : 2016-08-12 DOI: 10.15421/152016846
O. Zubchyk
The methodology of Chronopolitics has been studied. It can be useful for Public administration. Experts understand Chronopolitics as changes in market conditions, aimed at setting and achieving political goals (V. Tsymburskyy); distribution and redistribution of social time (A. Panarin); form a combination of socio-cultural and political time (V. Vasilenko); time dimension of political activity (Semenov); objectivity (M. Ozhevan, S. Datsyuk and B. Granovsky); subjectivity, “сhrono strategy” of state (B. Parahonskyy); Radical social transformation (W. Capito); multi-temporal processes of policy (D. Gorin).The essence of the concept “Chronopolitics” has been comprehended as a form reflecting the time aspect of political transformation in the context of educational policy. Сhronopolitics is a set of studies on the heterogeneity of the historical and political time. Consequently сhronopolitics is: 1) simulation of unidirectional process stages in the history of societies, 2) analysis of cyclical trends or waves in different areas of society.The term “Chronopolitics” was firstly used by french explorer P. Virilyo. Also, the term “Chronopolitics” was used by Modelsky. A. Panarin explained the understanding of time in the “methodological presumption global political forecasting” as the uncertainty of the future. According to Rosenau, this is qualitatively different future. It has been proven that states are not the main subjects. The main actors are individuals. They enter into a relationship with each other under conditions of mediation. Rosenau suggested that in the historical development of mankind there have been structural changes which inevitably increase the interdependence of peoples and societies, causing a radical transformation in international relations. The modern world is a “world of the individual”. In this world, a person interacts with other people and groups at the macro and micro social space. But the development is not achieved by means of expenses of the different countries of the global world. This classification includes developed countries, developing countries, the least developed countries.Global leader has a special task. In terms of polarity global world leader has to implement a policy of inclusive development (Boutros Boutros-Ghali). The main objective of the global leader is to counter fragmentation. Global Leadership is aimed at achieving the global progress in science, education and technology. Therefore, it is important advanced research, which shows opportunities of the policy and practice of “reasonable force” in international and domestic politics (D. Kalachov, M. Lebedev, A. Panov, A. Torkunov, A. Stoletov, I. Chiharyev). “Smart power” is based on the expert, diplomatic, scientific, educational, innovation and technology, military and discursive resources.Discussions on the subject, methods and basic categories of Chronopolitics are consequently continuing. Chronopolitics includes various different problems for rese
对时间政治学的方法论进行了研究。它对公共行政很有用。专家将时代政治理解为市场条件的变化,旨在设定和实现政治目标(V. tsymbursky);社会时间的分配和再分配(A. Panarin);形成社会文化和政治时间的结合(V. Vasilenko);政治活动的时间维度(Semenov);客观性(M. Ozhevan, S. Datsyuk和B. Granovsky);主体性,国家的“战略”(B. parahonsky);激进的社会变革(W.卡皮托);政策的多时间过程(D. Gorin)。“时间政治”概念的本质被理解为反映教育政策背景下政治变革的时间方面的一种形式。Сhronopolitics是一组关于历史和政治时间异质性的研究。因此,时间政治学是:1)模拟社会历史上的单向过程阶段,2)分析社会不同领域的周期性趋势或波动。“时间政治”一词最早是由法国探险家P.维里约提出的。此外,莫德斯基还使用了“时间政治”一词。A. Panarin将“方法论假设全球政治预测”中对时间的理解解释为未来的不确定性。根据Rosenau的说法,这是一个质的不同的未来。事实证明,国家并不是主体。主要参与者是个人。他们在调解的条件下彼此建立关系。罗诺认为,在人类的历史发展中出现了一些结构变化,这些变化不可避免地增加了各国人民和社会之间的相互依存,导致国际关系发生了根本性的变化。现代世界是一个“个人的世界”。在这个世界中,一个人在宏观和微观的社会空间中与其他人和群体互动。但发展不是靠世界各国的共同努力来实现的。这种分类包括发达国家、发展中国家和最不发达国家。全球领导者有一项特殊的任务。就极性而言,全球领导者必须实施包容性发展政策(布特罗斯·布特罗斯-加利)。全球领导者的主要目标是对抗分裂。全球领导力旨在实现科学、教育和技术的全球进步。因此,这是一项重要的前沿研究,它展示了“合理武力”在国际和国内政治中的政策和实践的机会(D. Kalachov, M. Lebedev, A. Panov, A. Torkunov, A. Stoletov, I. Chiharyev)。“巧实力”是以专家资源、外交资源、科技资源、教育资源、创新技术资源、军事资源和话语资源为基础的。因此,关于时间政治学的主题、方法和基本范畴的讨论仍在继续。时间政治学包括各种不同的研究问题。时间政治学为教育政策分析提供了机会,这是一种通过政治时间范畴对政治制度和过程的分析。时间政治学极大地丰富了政策分析的科学和实践。这是在政治生活的各个领域部署所建议的研究的理论和方法基础。有必要在现代政治学中拓展政治动力学的实地研究,研究多时期的政治过程,特别是在分析教育政策的基础上。公共行政科学可以利用时间政治学方法论的这些能力。时间政治学作为方法论考察了国家在政治实体的政治结构中在政治和行政决策的时间条件下所扮演的角色。这些问题已经在政治组织的历史形式的时间政治研究的背景下进行了讨论。这项研究证明,时间政治学在功能和结构上增加了政治学、科学和公共行政的概念和分类机构。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptual framework for leadership in public service 公共服务领导的概念框架
Pub Date : 2016-07-19 DOI: 10.15421/151628
P. O. Haitov
В статті аналізуються концептуальні засади розвитку лідерства на державній службі. Автор виходить з того, що концепція розвитку лідерства є теоретичним конструктом, що містить стратегію, основні напрями, завдання та цілі вдосконалення діяльності персоналу державної служби, що дозволяють підвищити ефективність роботи інституту держави за рахунок опосередкованого впливу лідерства на результативність організаційного управління.На думку автора, концепція розвитку лідерства на державній службі повинна представляти собою систему взаємоузгоджених дій, метою яких є не тільки організаційне вдосконалення, а й перш за все оптимізація ролі держави, яка не тільки має надавати допомогу в реалізації інтересів населення, але й активно брати участь у формуванні громадянського суспільства.Метою формування і розвитку лідерства на державній службі є досягнення нової якості внутріорганізаційної взаємодії, що сприяє оптимізації діяльності владних структур як суб’єкта управління і їх взаємодії з громадянами як об’єктом управління. Розробка концепції базується на принципах науковості, системності, комплексності, індивідуалізації, доступності. Розглянуто функціональне навантаження служби управління персоналом державного органу в напрямі розвитку лідерства.В якості основних положень, що визначають концептуальні засади розвитку лідерства на державній службі, автор виділяє: освітню складову, регламентовану різними процедурами, спрямованими на зміну форм навчання в межах застосування сучасних методів активного впливу на особистість слухачів з метою підготовки останніх до практичної управлінської діяльності; трансформацію діяльності служб управління персоналом державних органів, спрямовану на активне їх включення в формуючу діяльність щодо підвищення якості управлінських взаємодій суб’єкта й об’єкта управління.
本文分析了政府领导力发展的概念原则。作者认为,领导力发展的概念是一个理论结构,包含了提高公共服务人员素质的战略、基本方向、任务和目标,笔者认为政府领导力发展的概念必须代表一个相互协调的行动体系,不仅是为了改善组织,而且最重要的是为了优化国家的作用,它不仅有助于实现人民的利益,同时也积极参与民间社会的形成。——这促进了作为治理主体的政府结构活动的优化,以及作为治理主体与公民的互动。该概念基于科学性、系统性、复杂性、个性化和可及性原则。考虑到政府工作人员的职能部署对领导能力的发展。-定义了公共服务中领导力发展的概念原则,作者指定:教育机构,由不同的程序规范,-旨在在对听众个人产生积极影响的现代方法范围内改变学习形式,为听众采取实际行政行动做好准备;转变政府工作人员积极参与形成活动,提高行政主体与行政主体互动的质量。
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引用次数: 0
The Typological characteristics of leadership in the public service 公共服务领导的类型学特征
Pub Date : 2016-06-02 DOI: 10.15421/151618
P. O. Haitov
The article examines the practical application of typological data analysis to the management of interactions that define leadership structures through indicative, and in relation to public service. The specifics of the civil service imposes a special mark on the heads of leaders and followers, due primarily to the peculiar functions carried out by civil servants within its powers. Based on these features lead was identified as an element of management interaction that exceed the limits of formal organizational structure, based on the base characteristics of the status of subject and object management, in which there is a group uniting members.The basis of the typology made this statement: Leadership is the undisputed catalyst for administrative cooperation, which is accompanied by positive dynamics in the organization as a whole and the concentration of the head in the analysis of organizational situations to determine the direction of interpersonal interactions (focus on the outcome or on interpersonal interaction) for effective management decisions.The basis of the theoretical justification typology according to the research program includes components situational leadership theory developed by F. Fiedler, according to which areas are the following exercise leadership as task orientation (result); focus on interpersonal communication.
本文考察了类型学数据分析的实际应用,通过指示性和与公共服务相关的互动来定义领导结构。公务员制度的特点在领导人和追随者的头上烙上了特殊的印记,这主要是由于公务员在其权力范围内执行的特殊职能。基于这些特征,领导被确定为超越正式组织结构限制的管理交互元素,基于主体和客体管理状态的基本特征,其中存在一个联合成员的群体。该类型学的基础做出了这样的陈述:领导是行政合作的无可争议的催化剂,它伴随着组织整体的积极动力,以及在组织情况分析中确定人际互动方向(关注结果或人际互动)以进行有效管理决策的头部集中。根据研究计划,理论论证类型学的基础包括菲德勒(F. Fiedler)提出的情境领导理论的组成部分,根据该理论,以下领域是作为任务导向(结果)的实践领导;注重人际沟通。
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引用次数: 0
Current status of public administration adult education in Ukraine 乌克兰公共行政成人教育现状
Pub Date : 2016-06-02 DOI: 10.15421/151615
Dariya V. Tytarenko
The article deals with analysis of modern public administration by adult education. The main mechanisms of legislative regulation of public administration by adult education are defined. The attention focusing on the necessity to improve instruments of cooperation between state and community. The essence and contents of the concept «public institutes of adult education» are researched. The main mechanisms of legislative regulation of public management of adult education in Ukraine are outlined.Historical prerequisites of emergence of public institutes by adult education are analyzed. The heritage of the public educational organizations, namely societies «Prosvita» and societies «Znannia» of Ukraine is taken into account. The role of modern public organizations in adult education, including third-age universities which purpose is introductions and practical realization of the principle of life long learning are allocated. Key problems in the sphere of public administration of adult education who lead to a conclusion of global improvement of this sphere are defined.
本文论述了成人教育对现代公共行政的分析。界定了成人教育对公共行政进行立法规制的主要机制。注意力集中于改进国家和社区之间合作工具的必要性。研究了“成人教育公立院校”概念的本质和内涵。概述了乌克兰成人教育公共管理立法规制的主要机制。分析了成人教育产生公办院校的历史前提。考虑到公共教育组织的遗产,即乌克兰的“普罗维塔”社会和“津尼亚”社会。论述了现代公共组织在成人教育中的作用,包括以终身学习原则的引入和实际实现为目的的三龄大学。明确了成人教育公共管理领域的关键问题,从而得出了成人教育公共管理领域的全球改进结论。
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引用次数: 0
Features of personnel motivation in the civil service 公务员人事激励的特点
Pub Date : 2016-06-02 DOI: 10.15421/151617
Nataliya F. Artemenko
The problem of the individual civil servant motivation has become important one under the conditions prevailing in Ukraine at the present stage of its development. Address the challenges facing modern Ukrainian society is possible only if the appropriate motivational bases have been created. The motivational bases could encourage civil service staff for efficient action.The article analyzes the features of civil service personnel motivation. It was found that in theoretical terms motivation of human behavior is a very complex and largely poorly understood phenomenon. There are many definitions of motivation developed by foreign and domestic authors who interpret this phenomenon differently. It was analyzed the scientific approaches to defining the essence of such concepts as «motivation», «public service personnel motivation», «work motivation», «financial motivation», «labor motivation», «status motivation». The author defines motivation as a process of prompting man to action through comprehensive internal and external factors to achieve the goals of the organization. It was determined that the motivation of public officials affects their performance and focuses on achieving of organizational goals.The motivation is the driving force that is based on meeting specific needs, forces act with maximum effort to achieve certain goals. The classification of motivation has been created according to the major groups of needs (material, labor and status ones), the means (regulatory, coercive, stimulating ones), the source of (domestic and foreign) and the areas of achievement (positive, conducive to effective attainment of the objectives and negative that preventing it).It is clearly proved that motivation not only ensures proper working activities, but also promotes professional development and career development of civil servants. Motivation of working activity can not be effective without the use of modern forms and methods of material incentives for staff. Incentives must meet the needs, interests and abilities of a civil servant. It is about the use of such forms and methods of stimulating individuals that would contribute to the high efficiency of their work.The problems and the current state of civil servants motivation are investigated. The author reveals the contents of the new Law of Ukraine «On Civil Service» in the context of civil servants motivation and determines the ways of improving civil servants motivation in Ukraine.
在乌克兰目前发展阶段的普遍条件下,公务员个人动机问题已成为一个重要问题。只有建立了适当的激励基础,才能解决现代乌克兰社会面临的挑战。动机基础可以鼓励公务员制度工作人员采取有效行动。本文分析了公务员激励的特点。人们发现,从理论上讲,人类行为的动机是一个非常复杂的现象,而且在很大程度上还没有被理解。国内外学者对动机的定义不尽相同,对这一现象的解释也不尽相同。分析了界定“动机”、“公务人员动机”、“工作动机”、“财务动机”、“劳动动机”、“地位动机”等概念本质的科学方法。作者将激励定义为通过综合的内部和外部因素促使人们采取行动以实现组织目标的过程。确定了公职人员的动机影响其绩效,并着重于实现组织目标。动机是一种驱动力,是基于满足特定的需要,以最大的努力行动的力量,以达到一定的目标。根据需求(物质、劳动和地位需求)、手段(管制、强制、刺激)、来源(国内和国外)和成就领域(积极的,有助于有效实现目标,消极的,阻碍目标的实现)对动机进行了分类。事实证明,激励不仅能确保公务员的工作活动正常进行,还能促进公务员的专业发展和职业发展。工作活动的激励离不开对员工进行物质激励的现代形式和方法。激励措施必须符合公务员的需要、兴趣和能力。它是关于使用这种形式和方法来激励个人,这将有助于提高他们的工作效率。对公务员激励存在的问题及现状进行了分析。笔者从公务员激励的角度对乌克兰新《公务员法》的内容进行了揭示,并确定了乌克兰提高公务员激励的途径。
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引用次数: 1
Bureaucratism as a phenomenon of rational bureaucracy: the reasons of appearance and the ways of overcoming 官僚主义作为一种理性官僚主义现象:产生的原因及克服的途径
Pub Date : 2016-03-29 DOI: 10.15421/151604
Volodymyr D. Bodnarchuk
The essence and contents of the concepts «bureaucracy» and «bureaucratism» in domestic and foreign science are researched. Generalized definitions of these concepts from a position of public administration are proposed. It is proved that the bureaucracy is a necessary condition for the existence of public administration, without that it cannot perform its functions. As for the bureaucratism, it is negative and even destructive phenomenon, that destroys laws and social rules, limits public participation in making public and administrative decisions, slows reforms in the country. The reasons of the bureaucratism’s appearance in the system of public administration are analyzed, namely: the low professional and moral level of civil servants, the excessive politicization of public and administrative apparatus, the insufficient development of civil society institutions, including independent media, and the general low level of public consciousness and activity. It was demonstrated that the objective gap between the Max Weber’s bureaucracy ideal model and real public administration system is always a place for the signs of bureaucratism, such as formalism, individualism, automatism, that reduce the public administration effectiveness. Therefore the de-bureaucratization ways finding should not behave to full eradication of bureaucratism’s phenomenon that is a priori impossible, and to creating the conditions that makes it impossible the bureaucratism’s most threatening for the society forms - careerism, protectionism, bribery. The ways to bureaucratism’s overcoming, in particular through the institutionalization of civil society, the system auditing of public activities and the implementation of market processes in public administration, are suggested. The complex of these measures will contribute to rationalization and de-bureaucratization of public administration activity.
对国内外科学中“官僚主义”和“官僚主义”概念的本质和内容进行了研究。从公共行政的角度对这些概念提出了广义的定义。事实证明,官僚制是公共行政存在的必要条件,没有官僚制,公共行政就无法履行其职能。至于官僚主义,它是一种消极甚至破坏性的现象,它破坏法律和社会规则,限制公众参与公共决策和行政决策,减缓国家的改革。分析了官僚主义在公共行政体制中出现的原因,即公务员的专业和道德水平低,公共和行政机构过度政治化,包括独立媒体在内的公民社会机构发展不足,公众意识和活动水平普遍较低。研究表明,韦伯的科层制理想模式与现实公共行政体制之间的客观差距,始终是形式主义、个人主义、自动主义等官僚主义标志降低公共行政效能的地方。因此,寻找去官僚化的途径不应该是为了彻底根除先天不可能的官僚主义现象,而应该是为官僚主义对社会最具威胁的形式——名利场、保护主义、贿赂——创造不可能的条件。提出了克服官僚主义的途径,特别是通过公民社会的制度化、公共活动的系统审计和在公共行政中实施市场程序。这些措施的综合将有助于公共行政活动的合理化和非官僚化。
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引用次数: 1
Використання законів і закономірностей державного управління у державному стратегічному плануванні 政府法律在国家战略规划中的运用
Pub Date : 2016-03-29 DOI: 10.15421/151612
Olena L. Yevmieshkina
У статті досліджується використання закономірностей та законів державного управління у державному стратегічному плануванні. Визначено методологічну основу дослідження закономірностей державного стратегічного планування. Державне стратегічне планування як функція державного управління існує у відповідності до його законів та закономірностей. Встановлено використання таких законів та закономірностей державного управління, як: єдності соціально-економічної системи, закону необхідного різноманіття, закону цілісності системи, єдності методів і основних функцій соціального управління на всіх рівнях державного управління: центральному, галузевому, регіональному та інше. На рівні державного управління ці закономірності, як правило, проявляються в розробці і реалізації стратегії розвитку держави, державних, регіональних і галузевих програм, спрямованих на вдосконалення політичних, економічних, соціальних та інших процесів. Державне стратегічне планування як функція державного управління існує у відповідності до його законів та закономірностей. Закон у нашому дослідженні розглядається як об’єктивний, істотний, необхідний, сталий зв’язок або відношення між явищами. Найсуттєвішою ознакою закону є те, що він відображає об’єктивний стан речей, об’єктивні зв’язки між речами, предметами, явищами. Іншою важливою ознакою закону є необхідність такого зв’язку, що неминуче виявляється в процесі розвитку того чи іншого явища. З категорією «закон» пов’язана категорія «закономірність». Закономірність є ширшим поняттям, ніж закон. Завдяки дії та використанню законів і закономірностей державного управління державне стратегічне планування являє собою цілісний, системний процес, що сприяє підвищенню ефективності державного управління.
本文探讨了公共行政法律在国家战略规划中的运用。确定了评估国家战略规划能力的方法基础。作为政府职能的国家战略规划是根据其法律法规存在的。利用公共行政法律法规,如:社会经济制度的统一性、必要的多样性法、制度完整性法、,-各级政府社会治理方法和基本职能的统一:中央、分支、区域和其他。在政府层面,这些法律通常反映在制定和实施旨在改善政策的国家、州、区域和部门方案的发展战略中,经济、社会和其他进程。作为政府职能的国家战略规划是根据其法律法规存在的。在我们的研究中,规律被视为一种客观的、本质的、必要的、恒定的关系或现象之间的关系。法律最明显的标志是它反映了事物的客观状态,反映了事物、物体、现象之间的客观联系。法律的另一个重要标志是需要这样一种联系,这种联系在一种或另一种现象的发展中是不可避免的。“法律”类别与“合法性”类别相关。意识是一个比法律更广泛的概念。通过国家行政法规的实施和使用,国家战略规划是一个全面、系统的过程,有助于提高国家行政效率。
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引用次数: 0
Professional identity of civil servants as a scientific problem 公务员职业认同是一个科学问题
Pub Date : 2013-11-29 DOI: 10.15421/151327
N. Lypovska, M. Malanchii
The article examines the concept of «professional identity» and its importance for the analysis of the professionalization of the civil servants. The basic concepts such as “profession”, “professionalism” (“professional development”), “professional competence”, and their relationship are concerned. Relevance of the research is due to the fact that professional identity acts as an internal source of professional development and personal growth of any business entity, and the question of the development of professional identity is included into the total range of problems of any professional. Stages of professional identity are grounded. The paper concludes that professional identity is an integration concept, which expresses the relationship of personal characteristics that provide guidance in the world of professions and allows a person more fully realize his personal potential careers, as well as to predict the consequences of professional choice. Professional identity performs of transforming and stabilizing functions. Therefore professional identity serves like a kind of regulator for a profession.
本文考察了“职业认同”的概念及其对公务员职业化分析的重要性。介绍了“专业”、“专业精神”(“专业发展”)、“专业能力”等基本概念及其相互关系。本研究的相关性在于,职业认同是任何企业主体职业发展和个人成长的内在源泉,职业认同的发展问题被纳入任何专业人员的总问题范围。职业认同的各个阶段是有基础的。本文认为,职业认同是一个整合概念,它表达了个人特征之间的关系,这些特征在职业世界中提供指导,使一个人更充分地认识到他的个人职业潜力,并预测职业选择的后果。职业认同具有转化和稳定的功能。因此,职业认同就像一种职业的调节者。
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引用次数: 0
Motivation of staff in the civil service of Ukraine: problems and prospects 乌克兰公务员的激励:问题与前景
Pub Date : 2013-11-29 DOI: 10.15421/151326
N. Honcharuk, N. Artemenko
The problems and prospects of motivation in the civil service of Ukraine are analyzed in the article. Categorical analysis in the scientific literature the terms “motivated”, “motivation of staff of the Civil Service”, “motivation”, “financial motivation” has been done. The evolution of concepts and theories of motivation based on the needs, interests, motives and incentives is analyzed. The authors propose to take all the best from these concepts and theories to use in today’s development of Ukrainian society. The current state of public servants motivation and its regulatory provision is researched. Domestic and foreign experience motivation of public service motivation is generalized. The possibility of using new technologies of human resource management improvement in the public service is researched, the new provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” dated November 11, 2011 № 4050 on the motivation of civil servants in Ukraine is described.
本文分析了乌克兰公务员激励存在的问题和前景。对科学文献中“激励”、“公务员激励”、“激励”、“财务激励”等术语进行了分类分析。分析了基于需求、利益、动机和激励的激励概念和理论的演变。作者建议将这些概念和理论的精华运用到今天乌克兰社会的发展中。研究了公务员激励的现状及其规制规定。对国内外公共服务激励的经验进行了归纳。研究了在公共服务中使用人力资源管理改进新技术的可能性,描述了2011年11月11日乌克兰“公务员”法第4050号关于乌克兰公务员激励的新规定。
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引用次数: 1
Administrative reform is in Ukraine: modern state and perspectives 乌克兰的行政改革:现代国家与展望
Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.15421/151305
N. Honcharuk
The current state and prospects of administrative reform in Ukraine are analysed in the article. The purpose of the administrative reform in Ukraine is to build an effective model of governance at the national, regional and local levels. Given that the role of regions in building a high quality modernized society is steadily increasing, the reform of public administration at local and regional level is the implementation of the social order for effective and responsible public institutions of executive power and local self-government and good governance. Based on the experience gained from the Ukrainian reforms in the late 1990’s the conclusion of an objective need for administrative reform at all levels of government is made. It is noted that the acceleration of socio-economic development of the state as a whole and its administrative-territorial units will depend on the reform momentum. Keywords: social and economic reforms, administrative reform, public administration, local self-government, public service, service in local self-government, criterion of efficiency.
文章分析了乌克兰行政改革的现状和前景。乌克兰行政改革的目的是在国家、区域和地方各级建立一种有效的管理模式。鉴于地区在建设高质量现代化社会中的作用正在稳步增强,地方和区域一级的公共行政改革是实现有效和负责任的行政权力和地方自治和善治的公共机构的社会秩序。根据从1990年代末乌克兰改革中获得的经验,得出了在各级政府进行行政改革的客观需要的结论。人们注意到,整个国家及其行政领土单位的社会经济发展的加速将取决于改革的势头。关键词:社会经济改革,行政改革,公共行政,地方自治,公共服务,地方自治服务,效率标准
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引用次数: 0
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Aspekti Publicnogo Upravlinna
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