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Flexible Work Arrangement Factors That Affect Startup Employees in New Normal Situation 新常态下影响创业公司员工弹性工作安排的因素
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.855
Akmalia Akmalia, Prasetyo Adhitama Gregorius
Flexible Work Arrangement (FWA) is a work pattern implemented by companies with the aim of reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The research was conducted to identify and measure the level of influence of FWA factors on employees in startup companies in the new normal situation. This research method was carried out using factor analysis. The research instrument was a questionnaire containing personal data and questions regarding FWA factors using Likert scale. Questionnaires were distributed via online platforms (WhatsApp and Instagram) using a non-probability sampling technique. 224 samples were collected and proceeded to the data processing stage using SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that were 5 FWA factors that influenced startup employees to work in the new normal situation. The factors are telecommuting factor, work location factor, policy and regulatory factor, company facilities factor, and personal factor. The conclusions of these findings were important for human relations and company management to understand the FWA factors that were considered beneficial for the business processes of startup companies, such as reducing operational costs and attracting the employee recruitment process. The practical implication for the management of startup companies was to observe and ensure that employees who applied the FWA work pattern were beneficial for their respective companies in achieving the company’s targets. Keywords: flexible work arrangement, work factors, work pattern, startup, new normal
灵活工作制是企业为减少新冠病毒传播而实施的一种工作模式。本研究旨在识别和测量新常态下创业公司FWA因素对员工的影响程度。本研究方法采用因子分析法。研究工具是一份问卷,包含个人资料和使用李克特量表对FWA因素的问题。问卷通过在线平台(WhatsApp和Instagram)使用非概率抽样技术分发。采集样本224份,使用SPSS 26版软件进行数据处理。结果表明,影响创业公司员工在新常态下工作的FWA因素有5个。这些因素包括远程办公因素、工作地点因素、政策法规因素、公司设施因素和个人因素。这些发现的结论对于人际关系和公司管理非常重要,以了解FWA因素被认为对初创公司的业务流程有益,例如降低运营成本和吸引员工招聘过程。对创业公司管理的实际意义是观察并确保采用FWA工作模式的员工有利于他们各自公司实现公司目标。关键词:弹性工作制,工作因素,工作模式,启动,新常态
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Performance in Accounting Literature: A Bibliometric Approach 会计文献中的环境绩效:文献计量学方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.866
Nurna Aziza, Nursita Mardiah
One of the factors that cause environmental performance articles is debated because many researchers generate different results. This study aims to map research topics, identify keyword definitions, theory, methodology, and research settings, and give the agenda for further research. This research is a bibliometric analysis design. A total of 55 articles use from 1996-2020. The fifth stage of bibliometric analysis is defining keywords, initial search results, refining search results, compiling initial data, and analysing data. It raised 3 clusters VOSviewer, the red, green, and blue clusters. The results show that the main point on the VOSviewer map is environmental performance (research topic) in the red zone cluster one. Define environmental performance as the results of the organization in managing its environmental impact. The theoretical point of view, the theory of legitimacy and stakeholder, has been used to explain this phenomenon. This study identifies the predominance of quantitative approaches to environmental performance and finds the most typical subjects are the United States and developed countries. The articles reviewed were mainly carried out in developed countries (60%) and to a lesser extent in developing countries (40%), mainly Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and China. Keywords: Bibliometric analysis, decision-making, environmental performance, mapping, VOSviewer
导致环境绩效文章的因素之一是有争议的,因为许多研究人员得出了不同的结果。本研究旨在绘制研究主题,确定关键词定义、理论、方法和研究设置,并提出进一步研究的议程。本研究采用文献计量学分析设计。1996-2020年共使用55条。文献计量学分析的第五阶段是定义关键词、初始搜索结果、精炼搜索结果、编译初始数据和分析数据。它产生了3个星团VOSviewer,红色,绿色和蓝色的星团。结果表明,VOSviewer地图上的重点是红区集群一的环境绩效(研究课题)。将环境绩效定义为组织管理其环境影响的结果。合法性与利益相关者理论被用来解释这一现象。本研究确定了环境绩效定量方法的优势,并发现最典型的对象是美国和发达国家。所审查的文章主要是在发达国家(60%)进行的,在较小程度上是在发展中国家(40%)进行的,主要是亚洲国家,如印度尼西亚、马来西亚和中国。关键词:文献计量分析,决策,环境绩效,制图,VOSviewer
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引用次数: 0
Korelasi Shared Leadership dan Perilaku Inovatif Serta Kontribusinya Untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan Bank 共享领导关系和创新行为以及对银行员工绩效提高的贡献
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.954
Silvy Sondari Gadzali, Titin Kartini
Several previous studies have argued that the concept of shared leadership is directly related to the leadership style adopted in an organisation, which is a cohesive style and strategy for teamwork that leads to good business performance in many industries. This research examines the relationship between different leadership styles and innovative work behaviour (IWB) which will ultimately lead to improved performance of bank employees. This quantitative research, which in its analysis employs multiple linear regression formula. Thus, this study examines the operational framework of different leadership styles and the influence of IWB on employee work. This study found that leadership styles, transformational leadership, individual empowerment leadership (IEL), team empowerment leadership, and participative leadership (PL) are strategically applied for the improvement of employee cooperation, but IEL and PL are more strategic and performance-enhancing on employees' Innovative work behaviour (IWB). The conclusions of the research show that the shared leadership style has the potential to build PL and IEL in an effort to improve and explain in more detail the theory of leadership styles in teams in organizations. Keywords: shared leadership, individual empowerment leadership, team empowerment leadership, participative leadership, innovative work behaviour
先前的一些研究认为,共享领导的概念与组织中采用的领导风格直接相关,这是一种凝聚力的风格和团队合作战略,在许多行业中都能带来良好的业务绩效。本研究探讨了不同领导风格和创新工作行为(IWB)之间的关系,这将最终导致银行员工绩效的提高。本定量研究采用多元线性回归公式进行分析。因此,本研究考察了不同领导风格的运作框架以及IWB对员工工作的影响。本研究发现,领导风格、变革型领导、个人授权型领导、团队授权型领导和参与型领导对员工合作的改善具有战略性作用,但IEL和PL对员工创新工作行为(IWB)更具战略性和绩效增强作用。研究结论表明,共享领导风格有可能构建PL和IEL,从而改进和更详细地解释组织团队中的领导风格理论。关键词:共享领导、个人授权领导、团队授权领导、参与式领导、创新工作行为
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Company Value Moderated By Integrated Reporting 综合报告调节良好公司治理对公司价值的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.805
Sandi Permana, Aruddy Aruddy, Siti Jahroh
This research examined the influence of good corporate governance (GCG) mechanisms and their relation to Integrated Reporting (IR) on company value in the BUMN sub-sector, consisting of banking and non-banking. The data used in this study were secondary in the form of time series sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2017-2021. The number of companies analyzed in this study was 23 companies. The GCG components analyzed consisted of managerial ownership (KM), institutional ownership (KINS), and independent commissioners (KIND), as well as integrating reporting (IR) as moderating variables. Data processing in this study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The findings show that non-bank and accumulative firms, institutional ownership variables, and independent commissioners all have a significant impact on firm value. Meanwhile, in banking firms, the variable of managerial ownership has a significant impact on firm value. The impact of GCG on company value has shifted significantly after being moderated by IR. In banking firms, one variable (KM) has a significant effect on firm value, whereas KINS and KIND have no significant effect, and even KINS has a negative interaction. KINS and KIND have a significant effect in non-bank companies, but only KINS has a positive effect. In absolute terms, the influence of IR is positive for KM and KIND, but has no significant implications for KINS. Keywords: company values, good corporate governance, integrated reporting, shareholders, state-owned enterprises
本研究考察了良好的公司治理(GCG)机制及其与综合报告(IR)的关系对BUMN子行业(包括银行和非银行)公司价值的影响。本研究中使用的数据是2017-2021年期间来自中央统计局(BPS)和印度尼西亚证券交易所(IDX)的时间序列数据。本研究分析的公司数量为23家。分析的GCG组成部分包括管理层所有权(KM)、机构所有权(KINS)和独立专员(KIND),以及整合报告(IR)作为调节变量。本研究的数据处理采用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型。研究结果表明,非银行和累积性公司、机构所有权变量和独立董事都对公司价值有显著影响。同时,在银行企业中,管理层持股这一变量对企业价值有显著影响。GCG对公司价值的影响在被IR调节后发生了显著变化。在银行企业中,一个变量(KM)对企业价值有显著影响,而kin和KIND没有显著影响,甚至kin也存在负交互作用。KINS和KIND对非银行企业有显著影响,但只有KINS具有正向影响。在绝对意义上,IR对KM和KIND的影响是积极的,但对kin没有显著的影响。关键词:公司价值观,良好的公司治理,综合报告,股东,国有企业
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引用次数: 0
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Pada Coffee Shop Int.Space Pasca Covid-19 di Kota Rangkasbitung 咖啡厅Int的商业发展策略。Rangkasbitung市的太空联合19号
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.943
Moh Faqih Dwi Saptaji, Musa Hubeis, Nimmi Zulbainarni
The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) aims to increase the number of patients infected with the Covid-19 virus by 20% per day. This has disrupted the economic sector in all fields, including micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), one of which is the coffee shop business. This study aims to establish a Business Development Strategy to increase Coffee Shop sales in the aftermath of Covid-19. The types of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from observations and interviews with five informants, namely Coffee Shop Int.Space Owners, Coffee Shop Int.Space Consumers, the Tourism Office in the Creative Economy Sector, Food & Beverage Consultants, and the health Office; as well as secondary data obtained from literature studies, the internet, and related institutions. This research data processing uses Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis to determine the Strengths and Weaknesses of Coffee Shop Int.Space and then determines the right business development strategy with the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). From this analysis, recommendations for the Coffee Shop Int.Space Development Strategy are obtained, namely increasing sales through alternative product development strategies. Keywords: business development, coffee shop, covid-19, coffee marketing, msme
国家灾害管理局(BNPB)的目标是每天将感染新冠病毒的患者人数增加20%。这扰乱了所有领域的经济部门,包括微型、小型和中型企业(MSMEs),其中之一就是咖啡店业务。本研究旨在建立业务发展战略,以增加新冠肺炎后的咖啡店销售。本研究中使用的数据类型为一手数据和二手数据。主要数据是通过观察和采访五个线人获得的,即咖啡店Int。空间所有者,咖啡店Int。空间消费者、创意经济旅游办事处、美食及;饮料顾问和卫生办公室;以及从文献研究、互联网和相关机构获得的二手数据。本研究数据处理使用优势,劣势,机会和威胁(SWOT)分析,以确定咖啡店Int的优势和劣势。空间,然后确定正确的业务发展战略与QSPM(定量战略规划矩阵)。从这一分析,建议咖啡店Int。获得空间发展策略,即通过替代产品开发策略增加销售。关键词:业务发展,咖啡店,covid-19,咖啡营销,中小微企业
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引用次数: 0
Barrier Factors That Affect Consumer Purchase Intention on Green Cosmetics Product: Applying Innovation Resistance Theory 影响消费者绿色化妆品购买意愿的障碍因素:应用创新阻力理论
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.728
Agrinita Dianti Puspitasari, Yeshika Alversia
Currently, green cosmetics are increasingly favored by consumers because of numerous benefits. In fact, there are a number of factors that hinder consumers intention to buy green cosmetics such as skepticism about green cosmetics, and greenwashing of brands. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that might hinder Indonesian consumers' intention to buy green cosmetic products. This study are using the role of personal and social norms as moderating variables to measure the significant impact that can reduce barriers to green cosmetic consumption. A total of 300 responses were collected as part of the quantitative study by distributing online questionnaires, followed by data processing using PLS-SEM. The research results show that usage barriers, value barriers and image barriers have a significant effect on restraining consumers' intention to buy green cosmetic products. However, the traditional barrier is influential as a determinant of the intention to buy green cosmetics. Furthermore, personal and social norms have a significant influence in weakening the relationship between risk barrier and intention to purchase green cosmetics. The results of this study may provide useful information to companies or brands that produce eco-friendly cosmetics on consumer occurring barrier factors that may hinder the purchase of cosmetics. green in Indonesia, so that the company can determine the right strategy to target its consumers. Keywords: green cosmetics product, purchase intention, personal norms, social norms, innovation resistance theory
目前,绿色化妆品因其众多的好处越来越受到消费者的青睐。事实上,有很多因素阻碍了消费者购买绿色化妆品的意愿,比如对绿色化妆品的怀疑,以及对品牌的绿色清洗。因此,本研究旨在研究可能阻碍印尼消费者购买绿色化妆品意愿的因素。本研究使用个人和社会规范作为调节变量的作用来衡量可以减少绿色化妆品消费障碍的重大影响。通过发放在线问卷,收集了300份反馈作为定量研究的一部分,然后使用PLS-SEM对数据进行处理。研究结果表明,使用障碍、价值障碍和形象障碍对消费者购买绿色化妆品的意愿有显著的抑制作用。然而,传统的障碍是影响购买绿色化妆品意愿的决定因素。此外,个人规范和社会规范对风险壁垒与绿色化妆品购买意愿之间的关系有显著的弱化作用。本研究的结果可以为生产环保化妆品的公司或品牌提供有用的信息,了解消费者发生的阻碍化妆品购买的障碍因素。绿色,以便公司可以确定正确的策略来瞄准其消费者。关键词:绿色化妆品,购买意愿,个人规范,社会规范,创新阻力理论
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on Financial Performance of Indonesian Mining Industry Sector 整合印尼矿业部门财务绩效的环境、社会和治理(ESG)披露
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.763
Husnah Husnah
The objective of this research is to examine the disclosure of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) in the mining sector of Indonesia to analyze its impact on financial performance. The ESG index disclosed on Indonesia Stock Exchange is used to proxy ESG measurement, and three measures, namely Return on Assets, Tobin's Q, and Sales Growth based on the Global Reporting Initiative, are used to evaluate financial performance. The study includes 19 companies in the mining industry that are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the years 2020-2021. Multiple Regression Analysis is applied as the analytical method with SPSS software. The findings suggest that ESG disclosure has a concurrent effect on financial performance, as proxied by Tobin's Q and Sales Growth in the Indonesian mining industry. However, in the short run, ESG disclosure has not shown an impact on Return on Asset. Additionally, the partial testing has revealed that environmental and governance results have a positive influence on Tobin's Q, while environmental, social, and governance has been found to enhance sales growth. These results suggest that the mining industry in Indonesia can improve its financial performance by incorporating ESG factors into its operations, which can positively impact the company's stock value and sales growth. It is recommended that mining companies should consider adopting ESG practices and disclosing their ESG scores to demonstrate their commitment to environmental and social responsibility, and governance. Keywords: ESG Disclosure, investment, financial performance, mining industry, Global Reporting Initiative
本研究的目的是考察印尼矿业部门的环境、社会和治理(ESG)披露情况,以分析其对财务绩效的影响。采用印尼证券交易所披露的ESG指数作为ESG衡量指标,采用资产收益率、托宾Q和基于全球报告倡议组织的销售增长三个指标来评估财务绩效。该研究包括2020-2021年在印尼证券交易所上市的19家采矿业公司。采用SPSS软件进行多元回归分析。研究结果表明,ESG披露对财务绩效具有同步影响,如托宾Q和印度尼西亚采矿业的销售增长所代表的那样。然而,在短期内,ESG披露并未显示出对资产回报率的影响。此外,部分检验显示,环境和治理结果对托宾Q有正向影响,而环境、社会和治理结果对销售增长有促进作用。这些结果表明,印度尼西亚的采矿业可以通过将ESG因素纳入其运营来改善其财务绩效,这可以对公司的股票价值和销售增长产生积极影响。建议矿业公司考虑采用ESG实践并披露其ESG得分,以表明其对环境和社会责任以及治理的承诺。关键词:ESG信息披露,投资,财务绩效,采矿业,全球报告倡议
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引用次数: 0
Pandemi Covid-19 dan Dampaknya Terhadap Klaim Asuransi di Indonesia: Studi Kasus BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Covid-19大流行及其对印尼保险索赔的影响:就业BPJS案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.908
Andri Afrianto, Tony Irawan, Alla Asmara
The COVID-19 virus has become a worldwide pandemic, and studies of its impact on insurance are needed. This paper aims to look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on insurance by using the number of claim cases from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Indonesia, which covers 34 provinces. This study uses a time series spanning 2018-2021 and cross-sectional data from 11 regional offices of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The analytical method used in this research is static panel method. The dependent variable in this study is the number of claims cases (Claim) while the independent variables used are Covid19, per capita GRDP, and per capita -savings. Empirical findings suggest that COVID-19 cases are associated with additional insurance claims. Compared to before the pandemic, COVID-19 caused an average increase in claim cases by 0.2587845 per cent. Although the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Program claims cases tend to increase every year, at the beginning of the pandemic, old-age security (JHT) and pension security (JP) programs were the most affected. Then in 2021, the death security (JKM), employment injury security (JKK), and pension security (JP) programs experienced the most significant increase in claim cases. Based on the results of the study, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan must prepare liquid funds to overcome the high number of claim cases during a pandemic such as the Covid-19 pandemic in the future. In addition, restrictions on community activities implemented by the government cause business processes to be developed digitally so that participants can carry out the claim process. Keywords: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, COVID-19, Indonesia, insurance, insurance claim
COVID-19病毒已成为全球大流行,需要研究其对保险的影响。本文旨在通过使用覆盖34个省份的印度尼西亚BPJS Ketenagakerjaan的索赔案件数量来研究COVID-19大流行对保险的影响。本研究使用了2018-2021年的时间序列和来自BPJS Ketenagakerjaan 11个地区办事处的横截面数据。本研究采用的分析方法是静态面板法。本研究的因变量是索赔案件数量(索赔),使用的自变量是covid - 19、人均GRDP和人均储蓄。实证研究结果表明,COVID-19病例与额外的保险索赔有关。与大流行之前相比,COVID-19导致索赔案件平均增加0.2587845%。尽管BPJS Ketenagakerjaan计划索赔案件每年都有增加的趋势,但在大流行开始时,养老保障(JHT)和养老金保障(JP)计划受到的影响最大。然后在2021年,死亡保障(JKM)、工伤保障(JKK)和养老金保障(JP)项目的索赔案件增加幅度最大。根据这项研究的结果,BPJS Ketenagakerjaan必须准备流动资金,以克服未来在Covid-19大流行等大流行期间索赔案件的高数量。此外,政府对社区活动实施的限制导致业务流程以数字方式开发,以便参与者可以执行索赔流程。关键词:BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, COVID-19,印度尼西亚,保险,保险理赔
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引用次数: 0
Does Toxic Leadership, Employee Welfare, Job Insecurity, and Work Incivility Have an Impact On Employee Innovative Performance at Private Universities in LLDIKTI III Area? 有毒领导、员工福利、工作不安全感和工作不文明对LLDIKTI III地区私立大学员工创新绩效有影响吗?
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.830
Muhammad Ramaditya, Syahrul Effendi, Nabilla Ayu Syahrani
This study aims to determine the impact of toxic leadership, workplace incivility, employee welfare and job insecurity on employee innovative performance in private universities in the LLDIKTI III area. This study used causal and associative approach, where data is obtained from the results of collection using a questionnaire. The population in this study were lecturers from Private universities in the LLDIKTI III area. The sample in this study were 376 respondents. The analysis tool used is SmartPLS 3 with Structural Equation Modeling technique based on Partial Least Square. The results of this study state that Employee Welfare affects Employee Innovative Performance. Then Toxic Leadership and Employee Welfare affect Workplace Incivility, and Toxic leadership, Workplace Incivility and Employee Welfare affect Job Insecurity at private university. Leaders who have a Toxic Leadership, work incivility will not have a good impact on Employee Innovative Performance, while also reducing the innovative performance of employees. Leaders can pay more attention to welfare and insecurity to boost innovative performance. Keywords: employee welfare, innovative performance, job insecurity, toxic leadership, workplace incivility
本研究旨在确定有毒领导、工作场所不文明、员工福利和工作不安全感对LLDIKTI III地区私立大学员工创新绩效的影响。本研究采用因果关联法,数据来源于问卷调查的收集结果。本研究的人群是LLDIKTI III地区私立大学的讲师。本研究的样本为376名受访者。使用的分析工具是基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程建模技术的SmartPLS 3。本研究的结果表明,员工福利影响员工的创新绩效。有毒领导和员工福利对工作场所不文明行为的影响,以及有毒领导、工作场所不文明行为和员工福利对私立大学工作不安全感的影响。具有Toxic Leadership、工作不文明的领导者不仅不会对员工的创新绩效产生良好的影响,同时也会降低员工的创新绩效。领导者可以更多地关注福利和不安全感,以提高创新绩效。关键词:员工福利,创新绩效,工作不安全感,有毒领导,工作场所不文明
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Self-Paced Online Training on Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement In Private Universities, Bali, Indonesia 自定进度在线培训对自我效能感和工作投入在私立大学的影响,巴厘岛,印度尼西亚
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17358/jabm.9.3.795
Ni Made Dwi Puspitawati, Ary Wira Andika, Ida Ayu Putu Utami Paramita
: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought changes in the socio-cultural, economic and educational fields. This event is an important concern in maintaining the performance and condition of lecturers when all activities carried out must use online media. Work enthusiasm is the key to maintaining the desire to work without coercion. This can be achieved if lecturers remain engaged through self-paced online training and self-efficacy. The specific objective of this study is to determine the effect of self-paced online training on self-efficacy and work engagement in Private Universities, Bali, Indonesia. The population is all lecturers at private universities in Bali. The sample in this study were 100 people. The sampling technique used snowball sampling. Data collected through questionnaires followed by validity and reliability tests. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that (1) self-paced online training had a positive and significant effect on work engagement, (2) self-paced online training had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy, (3) self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on work engagement. This has the implication that through online training activities can increase confidence in the abilities possessed by lecturers so as to make them more attached to their work.
新冠肺炎疫情给社会文化、经济、教育等领域带来变化。当所有活动都必须使用在线媒体时,这一事件是维护讲师表现和状况的重要关注点。工作热情是保持不受强迫的工作欲望的关键。如果讲师通过自主进度的在线培训和自我效能感保持参与,这是可以实现的。本研究的具体目的是确定自定进度在线培训对印度尼西亚巴厘岛私立大学自我效能感和工作投入的影响。人口都是巴厘岛私立大学的讲师。这项研究的样本是100人。抽样技术采用滚雪球抽样。通过问卷调查收集数据,然后进行效度和信度测试。使用SEM-PLS分析数据。结果表明:(1)自定进度在线培训对工作投入有正向显著影响;(2)自定进度在线培训对自我效能感有正向显著影响;(3)自我效能感对工作投入有正向显著影响。这意味着,通过在线培训活动可以增加对讲师所拥有的能力的信心,从而使他们更加注重自己的工作。关键词:私立大学,自我效能感,在线培训,工作投入
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