Narcissism is a part of the cultural heritage. It reaches many areas of social life. As a cultural phenomenon, it reaches more profound and broader than psychological analyses would indicate. It has always been present in the biographies of people significant for the development of culture and art. The thesis in the text states that cultural achievements without narcissism would be much more modest than we can observe today. The conducted argument indicates the positive aspects of narcissism in the field of artistic culture. Praise of narcissism concerns agency in culture and art. Trying to determine the place of narcissism in art culture, I favor forgoing the one-sidedly negative perception of the phenomenon of narcissism. Narcissism here is one of the motivating factors
{"title":"Narcyzm i sprawstwo w kulturze artystycznej","authors":"Bogusław Dziadzia","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Narcissism is a part of the cultural heritage. It reaches many areas of social life. As a cultural phenomenon, it reaches more profound and broader than psychological analyses would indicate. It has always been present in the biographies of people significant for the development of culture and art. The thesis in the text states that cultural achievements without narcissism would be much more modest than we can observe today. The conducted argument indicates the positive aspects of narcissism in the field of artistic culture. Praise of narcissism concerns agency in culture and art. Trying to determine the place of narcissism in art culture, I favor forgoing the one-sidedly negative perception of the phenomenon of narcissism. Narcissism here is one of the motivating factors","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130426442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In practice, every researcher of religion faces the issue of such description and explanation of various beliefs and the related practices which have to be localized in a specific place and time. On the otherhand, those of them who make the attempt to present them in a holistic manner must construct such a time clock which might be applied towards those who which they see as historically most significant. Such a scholar was Mircea Eliade. Similar to many other researchers of these beliefs and practices he had faced the problem of finding such a common “denominator” which enables us to present not only what is dividing them but also what joins them. In the latter case it had been personified by the religious persona (homo religiosus), who independently from place and time could achieve a state of such perfection which would allow eternal existence. Its main issue is based on the fact that he can only realize this desire in a specific place and time, and the latter foten becomes a serious threat to him. In Eliade’s view it is the clash between the sacred and the profane. The problem he tried to solve during his many years of research work was based not just on how to show the historical functioning of these two worlds but also how to explain the fact that in Western culture the first one is more and more giving up the field to the latter one. He had used not one but two time clocks – the first one is measuring the sacred time and the other the secular one. It is however discussable in what extent these measurements are accurate or (what is basically the same issue) if those clocks are well constructed.
{"title":"Eliadowskie zegary czasu mitologicznych i religijnych wierzeń oraz praktyk","authors":"Zbigniew Drozdowicz","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, every researcher of religion faces the issue of such description and explanation of various beliefs and the related practices which have to be localized in a specific place and time. On the otherhand, those of them who make the attempt to present them in a holistic manner must construct such a time clock which might be applied towards those who which they see as historically most significant. Such a scholar was Mircea Eliade. Similar to many other researchers of these beliefs and practices he had faced the problem of finding such a common “denominator” which enables us to present not only what is dividing them but also what joins them. In the latter case it had been personified by the religious persona (homo religiosus), who independently from place and time could achieve a state of such perfection which would allow eternal existence. Its main issue is based on the fact that he can only realize this desire in a specific place and time, and the latter foten becomes a serious threat to him. In Eliade’s view it is the clash between the sacred and the profane. The problem he tried to solve during his many years of research work was based not just on how to show the historical functioning of these two worlds but also how to explain the fact that in Western culture the first one is more and more giving up the field to the latter one. He had used not one but two time clocks – the first one is measuring the sacred time and the other the secular one. It is however discussable in what extent these measurements are accurate or (what is basically the same issue) if those clocks are well constructed.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129873953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyzes the Fortunata movie (directed by P. Banasiak) in the context of religious cinema and the parabola genre. The heroine undergoes an internal transformation and approaches from the profane sphere to sacred. Her story has a metaphorical and parabolic meaning. The compactness analysis was used as the basic research method. The narrative structure of the movie was juxtaposed with the script of Joseph Cappell.
{"title":"Fortunata – współczesna przypowieść","authors":"Natasza Ziółkowska-Kurczuk","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the Fortunata movie (directed by P. Banasiak) in the context of religious cinema and the parabola genre. The heroine undergoes an internal transformation and approaches from the profane sphere to sacred. Her story has a metaphorical and parabolic meaning. The compactness analysis was used as the basic research method. The narrative structure of the movie was juxtaposed with the script of Joseph Cappell.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117267127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to analyze two concepts that are extremely important in the media, i.e. “fact” and “interpretation” and their relationship with “truth.” Addressing this issue results primarily from the frequent use of the colloquial understanding of these concepts and building, based on them, fragile theories regarding the correct message in the media. To organize the argument, the article is divided into two parts, which are devoted to – based on logical and philosophical research and methodology derived from historical sciences – the analysis of the concept of “fact,” and then “interpretation.” In addition, these considerations are supplemented with an attempt to show how we can relate to facts and carry out an interpretation to obtain the most adequate reality and communicable message.
{"title":"Fakt i interpretacja w kontekście pytania o prawdę we współczesnym przekazie medialnym","authors":"M. Lisiecki","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyze two concepts that are extremely important in the media, i.e. “fact” and “interpretation” and their relationship with “truth.” Addressing this issue results primarily from the frequent use of the colloquial understanding of these concepts and building, based on them, fragile theories regarding the correct message in the media. To organize the argument, the article is divided into two parts, which are devoted to – based on logical and philosophical research and methodology derived from historical sciences – the analysis of the concept of “fact,” and then “interpretation.” In addition, these considerations are supplemented with an attempt to show how we can relate to facts and carry out an interpretation to obtain the most adequate reality and communicable message.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recenzja książki: Georges Minois, Historia ateizmu. Niewierzący w świecie zachodnim od jego początków do naszych czasów, Aletheia, Warszawa 2019, ss. 758.
{"title":"Fenomenologia ateizmu [Georges Minois, Historia ateizmu. Niewierzący w świecie zachodnim od jego początków do naszych czasów]","authors":"M. Błaszczyk","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzja książki: Georges Minois, Historia ateizmu. Niewierzący w świecie zachodnim od jego początków do naszych czasów, Aletheia, Warszawa 2019, ss. 758.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biblical texts attribute the same activities and features to biblical gods Yahweh and Jesus, as texts of Ancient Near East attribute to other, non-biblical gods. These texts are mostly older than biblical ones. Almost all features and activities of non-biblical gods have been transfered to biblical gods. It means that Ancient Near East religious thinkers shared mostly common worldview. Our analysis undermines opinion of uniqueness of Judaism and Christianity. Such view is false, it is creation of Jewish and Christian theologians. One cannot find supprot to the view in written sources.
{"title":"Bogowie jak ludzie. Ludzkie cechy i umiejętności bogów starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu. Część I","authors":"Jacek Sieradzan","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Biblical texts attribute the same activities and features to biblical gods Yahweh and Jesus, as texts of Ancient Near East attribute to other, non-biblical gods. These texts are mostly older than biblical ones. Almost all features and activities of non-biblical gods have been transfered to biblical gods. It means that Ancient Near East religious thinkers shared mostly common worldview. Our analysis undermines opinion of uniqueness of Judaism and Christianity. Such view is false, it is creation of Jewish and Christian theologians. One cannot find supprot to the view in written sources.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125855199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper highlights the phenomenon of folk music in terms of a medium of cultural memory. The imaginaires about it are based on the Slavic and folk myth which shaped the forms of expressing folklore over the past two centuries. It is an attempt to switch the discussion from whether folk is able to have a positive influence in traditional folklore preservation, into the sphere of the identitiy issue. Folk music does not necessarily have to evoke the established Polish identity related to folk culture, but it gives an immediate sense of community, at supranational level, including the interslavic one.
{"title":"Jak folk pamięta o folklorze? Uwikłania wyobraźni w pamięci i mitach o kulturze ludowej","authors":"Paweł Mirowski","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the phenomenon of folk music in terms of a medium of cultural memory. The imaginaires about it are based on the Slavic and folk myth which shaped the forms of expressing folklore over the past two centuries. It is an attempt to switch the discussion from whether folk is able to have a positive influence in traditional folklore preservation, into the sphere of the identitiy issue. Folk music does not necessarily have to evoke the established Polish identity related to folk culture, but it gives an immediate sense of community, at supranational level, including the interslavic one.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134102021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The almost global erosion of Catholicism is a research hypothesis based on the analysis of decades of data collected by the global social science research initiative World Values Survey. It provided hard data on the condition of Catholicism. Analyzing such at-titudes as anti-Semitism, xenophobia, and homophobia, it can be concluded that they are not only prtesent in the mentality and attitudes of many Catholics, but we can observe also the intensification of such attitudes in some countries. However, it must also be stated that there are trends leading to the changes that were initiated at the Second Vatican Council. They rejoice in the last years, when Jorge Maria Bergoglio became pope in 2013, taking the name of Francis, the official support of the Vatican. Only a few such changes will be mentioned as harbingers of deeper processes, the consequences of which we are not yet aware of.
天主教几乎在全球范围内受到侵蚀是一个研究假设，该假设基于对全球社会科学研究倡议“世界价值观调查”(World Values Survey)收集的数十年数据的分析。它提供了关于天主教状况的确凿数据。分析反犹太主义、仇外心理、恐同心理等态度，可以得出结论，这些态度不仅存在于许多天主教徒的心态和态度中，而且我们还可以观察到，在一些国家，这些态度正在加剧。然而，还必须指出，有一些趋势导致了梵蒂冈第二届大公会议所开始的变革。2013年，豪尔赫·玛丽亚·贝尔格里奥(Jorge Maria Bergoglio)成为教皇，取名弗朗西斯(Francis)，这是梵蒂冈的官方支持。只有少数这样的变化将被提及，作为我们尚未意识到其后果的更深层次进程的先兆。
{"title":"Prawie globalna erozja katolicyzmu","authors":"Stanisław Obirek","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The almost global erosion of Catholicism is a research hypothesis based on the analysis of decades of data collected by the global social science research initiative World Values Survey. It provided hard data on the condition of Catholicism. Analyzing such at-titudes as anti-Semitism, xenophobia, and homophobia, it can be concluded that they are not only prtesent in the mentality and attitudes of many Catholics, but we can observe also the intensification of such attitudes in some countries. However, it must also be stated that there are trends leading to the changes that were initiated at the Second Vatican Council. They rejoice in the last years, when Jorge Maria Bergoglio became pope in 2013, taking the name of Francis, the official support of the Vatican. Only a few such changes will be mentioned as harbingers of deeper processes, the consequences of which we are not yet aware of.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"21 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131775214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Turkish Republic, unlike the Ottoman Empire, became a state of one nation, the Turks. The process of changes, the aim of which was to preserve the country’s sovereignty was aiming for the modernization and Europeanization of the country. The weakened Ottoman state required restoration, so the need for changes was noticed very early, using the achievements of Europeans. During the transformation of the state, reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk turned out to be crucial, as he fully achieved what in previous centuries was only in the phase of deliberation or partial implementation. The article analyzes the process of changes that took place from the crisis of the Ottoman Empire to the first years of the Turkish Republic, focusing mainly on the reforms implemented by Atatürk. For the whole picture of changes, it is important to recall the ideas and trends that inspired him to undertake such actions.
{"title":"Wpływy europejskie na drodze do odrodzenia narodowego Turków","authors":"E. Skowron","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Turkish Republic, unlike the Ottoman Empire, became a state of one nation, the Turks. The process of changes, the aim of which was to preserve the country’s sovereignty was aiming for the modernization and Europeanization of the country. The weakened Ottoman state required restoration, so the need for changes was noticed very early, using the achievements of Europeans. During the transformation of the state, reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk turned out to be crucial, as he fully achieved what in previous centuries was only in the phase of deliberation or partial implementation. The article analyzes the process of changes that took place from the crisis of the Ottoman Empire to the first years of the Turkish Republic, focusing mainly on the reforms implemented by Atatürk. For the whole picture of changes, it is important to recall the ideas and trends that inspired him to undertake such actions.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freedom of speech is an essential dimension of academic freedom. Without free speech, a university’s mission, which includes innovative research and high-quality teaching, cannot succeed. However, in recent years, the foundation of free speech on campus has been compromised. There are not only an increasing number of ideas and practices that challenge the liberal conception of free speech (e.g., political correctness, safe space, trigger warnings, verbal purification, and disinviting) but also theoretical justifications for such ideas and practices. This article focuses on the current discussion in the United States, where the debate on academic freedom is the most heated. The situation in the United States is important because it influences academic life in other developed countries. It can be argued that free speech does not exclude building a safe and inclusive campus environment. However, because of its central role in the university’s mission, freedom of speech cannot be traded against other values regardless of their importance.
{"title":"Is academic freedom under siege? University and free speech","authors":"Sławomir Sztajer","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Freedom of speech is an essential dimension of academic freedom. Without free speech, a university’s mission, which includes innovative research and high-quality teaching, cannot succeed. However, in recent years, the foundation of free speech on campus has been compromised. There are not only an increasing number of ideas and practices that challenge the liberal conception of free speech (e.g., political correctness, safe space, trigger warnings, verbal purification, and disinviting) but also theoretical justifications for such ideas and practices. This article focuses on the current discussion in the United States, where the debate on academic freedom is the most heated. The situation in the United States is important because it influences academic life in other developed countries. It can be argued that free speech does not exclude building a safe and inclusive campus environment. However, because of its central role in the university’s mission, freedom of speech cannot be traded against other values regardless of their importance.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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