In ancient times, protreptics encouraged to something and directed the attention towards a goal. Their aim was often to change behaviour. Using this ancient form, the article is an incentive to restore thinking’s primary function in culture. The key threats, which have appeared in the culture of technology, have been presented. Increasingly, it is believed (also at universities) that a human being only needs information, preparation for the market, and he needs neither the meaning nor understanding of the information, nor the philosophical reflection. Thinking itself – following the example of John Dewey – is only associated with an increase in productivity. However, without concern for thinking and restoring its sapiential dimension, culture is threatened by infantilism and the loss of the meaning of our existence.
{"title":"Protreptikos, czyli zachęta do myślenia na XXI wiek","authors":"Marek Szulakiewicz","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"In ancient times, protreptics encouraged to something and directed the attention towards a goal. Their aim was often to change behaviour. Using this ancient form, the article is an incentive to restore thinking’s primary function in culture. The key threats, which have appeared in the culture of technology, have been presented. Increasingly, it is believed (also at universities) that a human being only needs information, preparation for the market, and he needs neither the meaning nor understanding of the information, nor the philosophical reflection. Thinking itself – following the example of John Dewey – is only associated with an increase in productivity. However, without concern for thinking and restoring its sapiential dimension, culture is threatened by infantilism and the loss of the meaning of our existence.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The text is an attempt to answer the question of the direction in which the Catholic social thought of the Church is heading. Its purpose is to present the attitude of successive popes to liberalism, with particular emphasis on post-conciliar teaching against the background of historical changes. Mainly papal encyclicals and exhortations as well as conciliar documents constitutions are analysed. The article shows the continuity of the social teaching of the Church and the changes introduced by successive popes, thanks to which it is possible to grasp the direction of this teaching. The main conclusion is the acceptance by the Church of liberalism, but only in a form that takes into account human dignity, the superiority of work over capital, freedom of religion and the value of Christian morality that can constitute the foundation for the liberal order.
{"title":"Stanowiska Kościoła katolickiego wobec liberalizmu po Soborze Watykańskim II","authors":"Joanna Dworzecka","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The text is an attempt to answer the question of the direction in which the Catholic social thought of the Church is heading. Its purpose is to present the attitude of successive popes to liberalism, with particular emphasis on post-conciliar teaching against the background of historical changes. Mainly papal encyclicals and exhortations as well as conciliar documents constitutions are analysed. The article shows the continuity of the social teaching of the Church and the changes introduced by successive popes, thanks to which it is possible to grasp the direction of this teaching. The main conclusion is the acceptance by the Church of liberalism, but only in a form that takes into account human dignity, the superiority of work over capital, freedom of religion and the value of Christian morality that can constitute the foundation for the liberal order.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In these sociological analyzes we will pay attention to selected aspects of religious experience in the consciousness of Polish youth. On one hand, these will be the contents of a religious experience, that is, everything that a person experiences in his relation to God and that gives him grounds for believing; on the other hand, to approximate the function of religious experience in shaping attitudes towards faith and living it every day. In the light of the results of sociological research carried out in youth circles, we analyze three issues: the experience of God’s presence in the consciousness of young people, religious experience in everyday life, religious faith and a sense of security. If we characterize a person’s religiosity from the point of view of believing in a personal God whom a person wants to trust and expects help from, the examined youth turned out to be moderately religious. Various manifestations of religious experience were emphasized more often by women than by men, college students more often than secondary school students, youth living in the countryside more often than those living in the city, having parents with primary education more often than with higher education.
{"title":"Doświadczenie religijne w życiu codziennym młodzieży polskiej w XXI wieku","authors":"J. Mariański","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In these sociological analyzes we will pay attention to selected aspects of religious experience in the consciousness of Polish youth. On one hand, these will be the contents of a religious experience, that is, everything that a person experiences in his relation to God and that gives him grounds for believing; on the other hand, to approximate the function of religious experience in shaping attitudes towards faith and living it every day. In the light of the results of sociological research carried out in youth circles, we analyze three issues: the experience of God’s presence in the consciousness of young people, religious experience in everyday life, religious faith and a sense of security. If we characterize a person’s religiosity from the point of view of believing in a personal God whom a person wants to trust and expects help from, the examined youth turned out to be moderately religious. Various manifestations of religious experience were emphasized more often by women than by men, college students more often than secondary school students, youth living in the countryside more often than those living in the city, having parents with primary education more often than with higher education.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131798072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In breaking away from the dominant rituals, the sanctioned church holidays, and traditional rules of behavior, the article analyzes the placement of carnival culture on the margins of official culture, the inversion of social principles introduced into a reality devoid of constitutive norms in normal life, eliminating any social division by reversing values and destroying the existing order. A historical perspective raises important questions about the unparalleled features of the carnival, including the combination of people, regardless of their social and intellectual differences. In line with the adoption of the culture of laughter and its tools, the dynamics of carnival managed to assume a reversal, degradation, grotesque, bottom-up logic in order to bring people together and facilitate their interpersonal relationships.
{"title":"The inverted logic as a source of carnival familiarity","authors":"Kamil Lipiński","doi":"10.14746/h.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"In breaking away from the dominant rituals, the sanctioned church holidays, and traditional rules of behavior, the article analyzes the placement of carnival culture on the margins of official culture, the inversion of social principles introduced into a reality devoid of constitutive norms in normal life, eliminating any social division by reversing values and destroying the existing order. A historical perspective raises important questions about the unparalleled features of the carnival, including the combination of people, regardless of their social and intellectual differences. In line with the adoption of the culture of laughter and its tools, the dynamics of carnival managed to assume a reversal, degradation, grotesque, bottom-up logic in order to bring people together and facilitate their interpersonal relationships.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132267752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes a particular example of the expansion of popular culture through a specific mediatization of old photographs and paintings, which consists in transforming works of art into short, simulated videos. This new technology was interpreted using religious categories with references to ancestor worship and cultural studies with the paradigm of memory studies. It was theorized that the new processes of mediatization are changing the religious memory of society.
{"title":"Cyfrowy kult przodków – aplikacja Deep Nostalgia jako nowa forma mediatyzacji pamięci religijnej","authors":"J. Iwanicki","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes a particular example of the expansion of popular culture through a specific mediatization of old photographs and paintings, which consists in transforming works of art into short, simulated videos. This new technology was interpreted using religious categories with references to ancestor worship and cultural studies with the paradigm of memory studies. It was theorized that the new processes of mediatization are changing the religious memory of society.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125250713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was verified job satisfaction mediating role between organizational commitment and intention to quit the organization. Additionally checked if job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediate between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization. Subjects were 484 employees from one IT organization. According to results job satisfaction partially mediated between affective commitment and intention to quit the organization as well as totally mediated between normative commitment and intention to quit. Additionally job satisfaction, affective commitment as well as continuance commitment partially mediated between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization.
{"title":"Rola satysfakcji z pracy oraz przywiązania do organizacji dla zamiaru jej opuszczenia. Weryfikacja modelu","authors":"M. Wnuk","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was verified job satisfaction mediating role between organizational commitment and intention to quit the organization. Additionally checked if job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediate between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization. Subjects were 484 employees from one IT organization. According to results job satisfaction partially mediated between affective commitment and intention to quit the organization as well as totally mediated between normative commitment and intention to quit. Additionally job satisfaction, affective commitment as well as continuance commitment partially mediated between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123833026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the author discusses a number of issues referred to in the title, namely: 1) the religious dimension of the Church as a community founded by Jesus Christ; 2) the spiritual dimension of the Church as a community of believers – the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; 3) the essential characteristics of the Church: one, holy, universal, apostolic; 4) the religious-salvific as well as the social role of the institutional Church. The analyses in this paper rely on the findings from sociological studies and social surveys conducted in the latter half of the 20th century and in the subsequent two decades of the 21st century among adult Polish Catholics concerning their attitude towards the ecclesial dogmas of the Catholic faith. An examination of those results demonstrate a direction of changes in how adult Catholics perceive and assess the features and the religious mission of the Church in both periods in question, i.e. at the turn of the century. In the current century, the proportion of adult Catholics who accept the ecclesial dogmas of the faith have been somewhat lower than it was the case in the second half of the 20th century. Similarly, the ratios of Catholics who acknowledged the religious-salvific and social role of the Church in the religiosity and life of the lay adherents were higher in the past century.
{"title":"Eklezjalne dogmaty wiary katolickiej w świadomości dorosłych katolików polskich z przełomie wieków","authors":"J. Baniak","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the author discusses a number of issues referred to in the title, namely: 1) the religious dimension of the Church as a community founded by Jesus Christ; 2) the spiritual dimension of the Church as a community of believers – the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; 3) the essential characteristics of the Church: one, holy, universal, apostolic; 4) the religious-salvific as well as the social role of the institutional Church. The analyses in this paper rely on the findings from sociological studies and social surveys conducted in the latter half of the 20th century and in the subsequent two decades of the 21st century among adult Polish Catholics concerning their attitude towards the ecclesial dogmas of the Catholic faith. An examination of those results demonstrate a direction of changes in how adult Catholics perceive and assess the features and the religious mission of the Church in both periods in question, i.e. at the turn of the century. In the current century, the proportion of adult Catholics who accept the ecclesial dogmas of the faith have been somewhat lower than it was the case in the second half of the 20th century. Similarly, the ratios of Catholics who acknowledged the religious-salvific and social role of the Church in the religiosity and life of the lay adherents were higher in the past century.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133825327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digital revolution imposes a new economic order. Surveillance capitalism has its origins in (classical) market capitalism, but it differs significantly from it. In the traditional (classical) model of capitalism, there are goods that are produced in order to be sold. However, in the 21st century it is difficult to compete. It is not easy to find new added value that would determine the margin and profit. The question is, how long can you keep your labor costs down? This is why surveillance capitalism arose. His story is relatively young. It was established in the years 2000–2004. As the Internet bubble burst, investors threatened the company to pull out of funding, unable to find a quick way to monetize it. Then Google suddenly discovered that the last virgin territory that had not yet hit the market was human nature. It is worth noting that it is much easier to predict something if you first interfere with the behavior so that it takes the desired forms. To put it bluntly – the market is trying to push its individual participants, as customers and consumers, more and more in the direction it prefers, trying to influence their opinions, sometimes even driving them to specific places. The aim of the study is to present the problems that led to the transformation of information capitalism into surveillance capitalism.
{"title":"Od kapitalizmu informacyjnego do kapitalizmu inwigilacyjnego","authors":"Z. Puślecki","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The digital revolution imposes a new economic order. Surveillance capitalism has its origins in (classical) market capitalism, but it differs significantly from it. In the traditional (classical) model of capitalism, there are goods that are produced in order to be sold. However, in the 21st century it is difficult to compete. It is not easy to find new added value that would determine the margin and profit. The question is, how long can you keep your labor costs down? This is why surveillance capitalism arose. His story is relatively young. It was established in the years 2000–2004. As the Internet bubble burst, investors threatened the company to pull out of funding, unable to find a quick way to monetize it. Then Google suddenly discovered that the last virgin territory that had not yet hit the market was human nature. It is worth noting that it is much easier to predict something if you first interfere with the behavior so that it takes the desired forms. To put it bluntly – the market is trying to push its individual participants, as customers and consumers, more and more in the direction it prefers, trying to influence their opinions, sometimes even driving them to specific places. The aim of the study is to present the problems that led to the transformation of information capitalism into surveillance capitalism.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134149855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the authors to include the issue of the human body in the discourse of philosophical anthropology was Helmuth Plessner, who perceived it as: 1) a physical (Körper), 2) and a biological object (Leib), as well as 3) a substrate of the subject that refers to the previous two. Plessner argued that man’s attitude to his own corporeality creates a space to manifest human “eccentricity.” In Tischner’s conception, however, “eccentricity” gains a new and more dramatic dimension. Unlike the “eccentricity” perceived as a biological, ethological and ontic phenomenon, Tischner’s corporeality becomes an indispensable constituent within the arena of human drama, both internal and external. As part of the arena, corporeality is a component within the man as the subject of drama, while externally, it reveals its other meaning since it often determines purely ontic frames of human existence. Man refers to various meanings of his corporeality. While some remain within the scope of existential and dramatic valorisation – both positive (egotistic solidarisation) and negative (egotistic desolidarisation) – others expand beyond this horizon.
{"title":"Cielesność w obrębie dramatu ludzkiego istnienia","authors":"W. Glinkowski","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"One of the authors to include the issue of the human body in the discourse of philosophical anthropology was Helmuth Plessner, who perceived it as: 1) a physical (Körper), 2) and a biological object (Leib), as well as 3) a substrate of the subject that refers to the previous two. Plessner argued that man’s attitude to his own corporeality creates a space to manifest human “eccentricity.” In Tischner’s conception, however, “eccentricity” gains a new and more dramatic dimension. Unlike the “eccentricity” perceived as a biological, ethological and ontic phenomenon, Tischner’s corporeality becomes an indispensable constituent within the arena of human drama, both internal and external. As part of the arena, corporeality is a component within the man as the subject of drama, while externally, it reveals its other meaning since it often determines purely ontic frames of human existence. Man refers to various meanings of his corporeality. While some remain within the scope of existential and dramatic valorisation – both positive (egotistic solidarisation) and negative (egotistic desolidarisation) – others expand beyond this horizon.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents problems with the interpretation of the category of everyday life in the essays by Jolanta Brach-Czaina.The „krzątactwo” metaphor changes thinking about the reality around us. The „krzątctwo” as a form of being in the world combines corporeality with reflection, challenging strong boundaries between disciplines.
{"title":"Krzątanina Brach-Czainy – myślenie ciałem. Między metaforą a wiedzą","authors":"Beata Przymuszała","doi":"10.14746/h.2021.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents problems with the interpretation of the category of everyday life in the essays by Jolanta Brach-Czaina.The „krzątactwo” metaphor changes thinking about the reality around us. The „krzątctwo” as a form of being in the world combines corporeality with reflection, challenging strong boundaries between disciplines.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122669851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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