The paper discusses the philosophical and theological ideas of the Polish Brethren, a nontrinitarian reformed church in 16th Century Poland. Due to religious persecution, the Polish Brethren, also known as Socinians or Polish Arians, were forced to leave the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seek refuge in other European countries. Their legacy had a significant impact on the development of Enlightenment thought in Europe and inspired legislators both in Europe and America. The ideas developed by the Polish Brethren had a significant impact on the formation of Enlightenment ideas and thought trends, such as rationalism and deism referring to rationalism, as well as tolerance, particularly religious tolerance, and secularism manifesting in the separation of religious and secular institutions. Moreover, the ideas of Polish Arianism, which fascinated Enlightenment thinkers, became part of the cultural mainstream and were reflected in modern Western state institutions.
{"title":"Bracia polscy a Oświecenie","authors":"Sławomir Sztajer","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the philosophical and theological ideas of the Polish Brethren, a nontrinitarian reformed church in 16th Century Poland. Due to religious persecution, the Polish Brethren, also known as Socinians or Polish Arians, were forced to leave the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seek refuge in other European countries. Their legacy had a significant impact on the development of Enlightenment thought in Europe and inspired legislators both in Europe and America. The ideas developed by the Polish Brethren had a significant impact on the formation of Enlightenment ideas and thought trends, such as rationalism and deism referring to rationalism, as well as tolerance, particularly religious tolerance, and secularism manifesting in the separation of religious and secular institutions. Moreover, the ideas of Polish Arianism, which fascinated Enlightenment thinkers, became part of the cultural mainstream and were reflected in modern Western state institutions.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"118 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We encounter the idea of infinity at an existential, epistemological, and scientific level. Man has the understanding of being finite, and at the same time, this understanding takes him beyond it, towards the infinite. Thereforte, the problems of finitude and infinity have been an enduring philosophical issue. However, this did not just mean trying to get a grasp of it, but to include it in experiencing of the world. Infinity was the condition of possibility for our experience. The inclusion of this idea in our experience meant trying to go beyond this world and discovering another dimension. From the 17th century onwards, its slow loss as a condition of our experience was taking place. The result is an ideology of nothingbutism in which the ‘Fifth Dimension’ (J. Hick) is eliminated. The article shows the dangers of this ideology and its overcoming by modern science and philosophy.
{"title":"Człowiek i nieskończoność. O rozwoju i porażce ideologii nicwięcyzmu","authors":"Marek Szulakiewicz","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"We encounter the idea of infinity at an existential, epistemological, and scientific level. Man has the understanding of being finite, and at the same time, this understanding takes him beyond it, towards the infinite. Thereforte, the problems of finitude and infinity have been an enduring philosophical issue. However, this did not just mean trying to get a grasp of it, but to include it in experiencing of the world. Infinity was the condition of possibility for our experience. The inclusion of this idea in our experience meant trying to go beyond this world and discovering another dimension. From the 17th century onwards, its slow loss as a condition of our experience was taking place. The result is an ideology of nothingbutism in which the ‘Fifth Dimension’ (J. Hick) is eliminated. The article shows the dangers of this ideology and its overcoming by modern science and philosophy.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article I present the attitude of adult Catholics in Poland in the second half of the 20th century and in both decades of the 21st century towards Theoentrical dogmas and the indicators of their faith in the religious meanning of these dogmas. The basis for the analysis of the attitude of adult Roman Catholics in Poland to these dogmas of the Christian faith are the results of sociological research carried out the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. These studies showed that in the second half of the 20th century, a much greater percentage of adult Catholic in Poland accepted Theocentric dogmas and declared their faith in their religious mening than in both decades of the 21st century.
{"title":"Wyobrażenia i wiara w Boga dorosłych katolików w Polsce w drugiej połowie XX wieku i obu dekadach XXI wieku. Na podstawie wyników badań socjologicznych","authors":"J. Baniak","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I present the attitude of adult Catholics in Poland in the second half of the 20th century and in both decades of the 21st century towards Theoentrical dogmas and the indicators of their faith in the religious meanning of these dogmas. The basis for the analysis of the attitude of adult Roman Catholics in Poland to these dogmas of the Christian faith are the results of sociological research carried out the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. These studies showed that in the second half of the 20th century, a much greater percentage of adult Catholic in Poland accepted Theocentric dogmas and declared their faith in their religious mening than in both decades of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article Postsecularism between East and West is to present the paradigm shift in understanding the place of religion in public space in recent decades. The term that aptly describes this change is postsecularism. The prefix “post” is more than just an indication of a new quality of “secularism.” In fact, it marks a revolutionary change in understanding the traditionally opposing concepts of secularism and religion. The article presents this process in three stages. First, it describes the theological turn that has taken place in recent decades, primarily in Catholic theology, then it points to the place of literature in theological reflection and finally presents the surprising contribution of the mathematical concept (fractal) in overcoming the impasse in which interreligious dialogue found itself.
{"title":"Postsekularyzm między Wschodem i Zachodem","authors":"Stanisław Obirek","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article Postsecularism between East and West is to present the paradigm shift in understanding the place of religion in public space in recent decades. The term that aptly describes this change is postsecularism. The prefix “post” is more than just an indication of a new quality of “secularism.” In fact, it marks a revolutionary change in understanding the traditionally opposing concepts of secularism and religion. The article presents this process in three stages. First, it describes the theological turn that has taken place in recent decades, primarily in Catholic theology, then it points to the place of literature in theological reflection and finally presents the surprising contribution of the mathematical concept (fractal) in overcoming the impasse in which interreligious dialogue found itself.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article intends to explore topics concerning the eternal nature and the origin of the human soul. Augustine’s ontological perspective on humanity upholds the truth of its existence. In ancient philosophy and Christian theology, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul and its origin has been an ongoing area of interest and debate. Saint Augustine, one of the most important theologians and philosophers in the history of the Catholic Church, addressed this issue in his works, considering both philosophical and theological aspects of the existence of the human soul. The author justifies his views by referring to the Holy Bible and to the vital functions of man. Also, he points to the dissimilarity between sensual and mental cognition. As part of its consideration, it relies on the Latin phrase anima rationalis which refers to the rational soul (animus). What speaks for immortality of the soul is the argument of evidence of the lack of a quantitative element, as well as the concepts of truth and life. The foregoing command gives grounds to believe that a human being remains a unique whole of physical and spiritual unity. Also, one of the the key thinks is the certainty of self-knowledge derived from the continuation of gnoseology, which proves that humans are capable of reflective, mind and abstract thinking, and the cognitive activity of the soul shows the ability to transcend the mortal body. This approach does provide a deeper understanding of the role of the soul in human life and in the context of eternity, an important topic in Christian theology and philosophy.
{"title":"Unraveling immortality and the genesis of human soul in st. Augustine’s selected works","authors":"Robert Artur Warchał","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article intends to explore topics concerning the eternal nature and the origin of the human soul. Augustine’s ontological perspective on humanity upholds the truth of its existence. In ancient philosophy and Christian theology, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul and its origin has been an ongoing area of interest and debate. Saint Augustine, one of the most important theologians and philosophers in the history of the Catholic Church, addressed this issue in his works, considering both philosophical and theological aspects of the existence of the human soul. The author justifies his views by referring to the Holy Bible and to the vital functions of man. Also, he points to the dissimilarity between sensual and mental cognition. As part of its consideration, it relies on the Latin phrase anima rationalis which refers to the rational soul (animus). What speaks for immortality of the soul is the argument of evidence of the lack of a quantitative element, as well as the concepts of truth and life. The foregoing command gives grounds to believe that a human being remains a unique whole of physical and spiritual unity. Also, one of the the key thinks is the certainty of self-knowledge derived from the continuation of gnoseology, which proves that humans are capable of reflective, mind and abstract thinking, and the cognitive activity of the soul shows the ability to transcend the mortal body. This approach does provide a deeper understanding of the role of the soul in human life and in the context of eternity, an important topic in Christian theology and philosophy.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the article is the transformation of Poles’ religiousness. They were analysed along two dimensions: nationwide religiousness and the religious dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic. These are two spheres that (in Polish conditions) have a particular chance to activate religiousness. Catholicism is firmly rooted in the nation’s faith, and the plague was the threat that has so far driven individuals towards religion. Transformations in these two spheres are strong indicators of transformations in piety. The research method used is analysing existing research (desk research). The inference carried out showed that Catholicism is fading in these two dimensions. Among the reasons cited for this process, the article points to Poland’s developing social and cultural pluralism, and clergy sex scandals, among others.
{"title":"Wiara narodu i religijność w czasach zarazy – o przekształceniach pobożności Polaków","authors":"Wojciech Klimski","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the transformation of Poles’ religiousness. They were analysed along two dimensions: nationwide religiousness and the religious dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic. These are two spheres that (in Polish conditions) have a particular chance to activate religiousness. Catholicism is firmly rooted in the nation’s faith, and the plague was the threat that has so far driven individuals towards religion. Transformations in these two spheres are strong indicators of transformations in piety. The research method used is analysing existing research (desk research). The inference carried out showed that Catholicism is fading in these two dimensions. Among the reasons cited for this process, the article points to Poland’s developing social and cultural pluralism, and clergy sex scandals, among others.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author of the article focuses on a critical assessment of university rankings existing in general, not only in academic, space. Three different rankings with an international reach: (1) The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) also known as the Shanghai Ranking, (2) Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), (3) CWTS Leiden Ranking and one Polish ranking: The Perspektywy University Ranking have been subjected to a detailed critical evaluation. The main objection raised against the discussed international rankings is disregarding by them scientific works published in national languages of the authors. This decision of rankings’ creators is particularly detrimental to universities with scientifically strong faculties in the field of humanities and social sciences. The fact that monographs are ignored is difficult to comprehend (e.g. CWTS Leiden Ranking). Moreover, favouring publications in two journals: “Science” and “Nature” as well as the Nobel Prize and the Fields Medal (mathematics) has no deeper justification. The author calls for recognition of monographs and also academic textbooks which shape the culture of university. The percentage proportion of particular criteria in the total assessment leading to ranking results – which, in fact, boils down to marginalising scientific achievements of representatives of humanities and, partly, social sciences – raises the author’s reservations. Finally, if we look at our Polish local “backyard” where universities were fragmented after the Second World War and rebuilt according to the Soviet model of higher education with smaller higher education entities of a narrower profile (medical, agricultural, economic, sports) functioning alongside standard universities which had been stripped of these sections, we will notice that these classic, “full” universities have no chance of competing for a scientifically decent position in world rankings.
{"title":"Uniwersytet w imadle rankingów","authors":"J. Brzeziński","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the article focuses on a critical assessment of university rankings existing in general, not only in academic, space. Three different rankings with an international reach: (1) The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) also known as the Shanghai Ranking, (2) Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), (3) CWTS Leiden Ranking and one Polish ranking: The Perspektywy University Ranking have been subjected to a detailed critical evaluation. The main objection raised against the discussed international rankings is disregarding by them scientific works published in national languages of the authors. This decision of rankings’ creators is particularly detrimental to universities with scientifically strong faculties in the field of humanities and social sciences. The fact that monographs are ignored is difficult to comprehend (e.g. CWTS Leiden Ranking). Moreover, favouring publications in two journals: “Science” and “Nature” as well as the Nobel Prize and the Fields Medal (mathematics) has no deeper justification. The author calls for recognition of monographs and also academic textbooks which shape the culture of university. The percentage proportion of particular criteria in the total assessment leading to ranking results – which, in fact, boils down to marginalising scientific achievements of representatives of humanities and, partly, social sciences – raises the author’s reservations. Finally, if we look at our Polish local “backyard” where universities were fragmented after the Second World War and rebuilt according to the Soviet model of higher education with smaller higher education entities of a narrower profile (medical, agricultural, economic, sports) functioning alongside standard universities which had been stripped of these sections, we will notice that these classic, “full” universities have no chance of competing for a scientifically decent position in world rankings.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125898861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article attempts to portray the roots of coaching through the prism of esotericism, New Age, and occultism. The history of contemporary coaching is only coincidentally related to the emergence of New Age ideas and people who have influenced both systems. Using the example of the Polish coaching offer, the author demonstrates its similarities to esoteric and occult semantic and theoretical ideas.
{"title":"Ezoteryka a coaching, czyli współczesny rozwój osobisty w kontekście korzeni „wiedzy tajemnej”","authors":"Zbigniew Łagosz","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to portray the roots of coaching through the prism of esotericism, New Age, and occultism. The history of contemporary coaching is only coincidentally related to the emergence of New Age ideas and people who have influenced both systems. Using the example of the Polish coaching offer, the author demonstrates its similarities to esoteric and occult semantic and theoretical ideas.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being an academic at a military academy, that is, one overseen by the Minister of National Defense, has a unique flavor. This can be understandable when one takes into account the historical and legal context. The an academic in a military university is associated with being a soldier and a scientist, a former soldier and a scientist, “our” civilian and a scientist, and simply a civilian scientist. However, each of them must always remember the authority of the Minister of Defense and National, although it does not predetermine the quality of his scientific work in the case when one is a scientist and not a collector of academic degrees.
{"title":"Być akademikiem w uczelni wojskowej","authors":"J. Kojkoł","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Being an academic at a military academy, that is, one overseen by the Minister of National Defense, has a unique flavor. This can be understandable when one takes into account the historical and legal context. The an academic in a military university is associated with being a soldier and a scientist, a former soldier and a scientist, “our” civilian and a scientist, and simply a civilian scientist. However, each of them must always remember the authority of the Minister of Defense and National, although it does not predetermine the quality of his scientific work in the case when one is a scientist and not a collector of academic degrees.","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117089817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Józef Baniak. Profesor – socjolog religii – filozof religii","authors":"J. Mariański","doi":"10.14746/h.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312956,"journal":{"name":"Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125262187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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