Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123766
Savannah M Sturla Irizarry, Amber L Cathey, Emily Zimmerman, Wei Hao, Yi-Ting Lin, Bhramar Mukherjee, Zaira Y Rosario Pabón, Gredia Huerta Montañez, Carmen M Vélez Vega, Akram N Alshawabkeh, José F Cordero, John D Meeker, Deborah J Watkins
Exposure to toxic metals, and insufficient or excess levels of essential metals, particularly during sensitive stages of development, can pose health risks. Previous research reports that prenatal exposure to metal mixtures is associated with poorer cognitive and behavioral outcomes. However, little research has studied the impact of prenatal exposure to complex metal mixtures on child behavioral and emotional development specifically in Puerto Rico, a population with exposure and health disparities. This study aims to understand how prenatal exposure to 14 metals affects child neurodevelopment using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. We examined associations between urinary prenatal metal concentrations, collected at 18 ± 2, 22 ± 2, and 26 ± 2 weeks of gestation, and repeated CBCL raw scores in 301 mother-child pairs from the PROTECT birth cohort in Northern Puerto Rico. The median raw CBCL total problem score was 19. In single-pollutant linear mixed-effects models, As, Co, and Sn were significantly associated with higher internalizing and total problem scores, indicating more parent-reported emotional and behavioral problems. An interquartile range increase in ln(Sn) was associated with a 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.29) point higher ln(Total Problems + 1) score. As exposure was associated with higher CBCL problem scores for male children across all domains, while Cu was associated with higher externalizing problems among females. In mixture analyses using adaptive elastic net and Bayesian kernel machine regression, Co, As, and Sn predominantly contributed to higher CBCL scores, specifically among male children. However, there were mostly only additive interactions between metals. These results elucidate the effects of multiple metals on behavioral and emotional development.
{"title":"Prenatal urinary biomarkers of metal and metalloid exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes in Puerto Rico.","authors":"Savannah M Sturla Irizarry, Amber L Cathey, Emily Zimmerman, Wei Hao, Yi-Ting Lin, Bhramar Mukherjee, Zaira Y Rosario Pabón, Gredia Huerta Montañez, Carmen M Vélez Vega, Akram N Alshawabkeh, José F Cordero, John D Meeker, Deborah J Watkins","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to toxic metals, and insufficient or excess levels of essential metals, particularly during sensitive stages of development, can pose health risks. Previous research reports that prenatal exposure to metal mixtures is associated with poorer cognitive and behavioral outcomes. However, little research has studied the impact of prenatal exposure to complex metal mixtures on child behavioral and emotional development specifically in Puerto Rico, a population with exposure and health disparities. This study aims to understand how prenatal exposure to 14 metals affects child neurodevelopment using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. We examined associations between urinary prenatal metal concentrations, collected at 18 ± 2, 22 ± 2, and 26 ± 2 weeks of gestation, and repeated CBCL raw scores in 301 mother-child pairs from the PROTECT birth cohort in Northern Puerto Rico. The median raw CBCL total problem score was 19. In single-pollutant linear mixed-effects models, As, Co, and Sn were significantly associated with higher internalizing and total problem scores, indicating more parent-reported emotional and behavioral problems. An interquartile range increase in ln(Sn) was associated with a 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.29) point higher ln(Total Problems + 1) score. As exposure was associated with higher CBCL problem scores for male children across all domains, while Cu was associated with higher externalizing problems among females. In mixture analyses using adaptive elastic net and Bayesian kernel machine regression, Co, As, and Sn predominantly contributed to higher CBCL scores, specifically among male children. However, there were mostly only additive interactions between metals. These results elucidate the effects of multiple metals on behavioral and emotional development.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123766"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123768
Meghan Angley, Yijia Zhang, Anne E Nigra, Melissa A Lombard, Matthew O Gribble, Liping Lu, Frederick W Unverzagt, Leslie A McClure, Suzanne E Judd, Mary Cushman, John Brockman, Ka Kahe
Background: There are several pathways by which inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure can affect cognition among adults. Few epidemiologic studies evaluate iAs in water and inter-individual differences in urinary arsenic toxicokinetics. We aimed to estimate the association between individual-level urinary arsenic biomarkers, county-level iAs in drinking water, and cognitive impairment in a cohort of Black and White Americans.
Methods: We evaluated the association between county-level iAs in water and urinary iAs metabolites with incident cognitive impairment in REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). Participants were linked to county-level concentrations of arsenic in public water (n=15,516) and county-level probabilities of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L (n=20,448). In addition, urinary concentrations of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were measured in a subset of participants (n=1,013). Cognitive impairment was determined by the Six Item Screener (SIS) and the Enhanced Cognitive Battery (ECB). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios.
Results: Approximately 9% of participants in REGARDS developed incident cognitive impairment on the SIS over 10 years of follow-up. County-level public water iAs concentrations and private well iAs probabilities were not associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Higher concentrations of MMA (OR: 1.74 [95% CI: 1.22, 2.49]) and iAs (OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.12, 2.22]) in urine were associated with greater odds of cognitive impairment on the SIS. Results for the ECB were similar.
Conclusions: iAs exposure may be associated with cognitive impairment. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple measures of iAs exposure.
{"title":"Drinking water arsenic, urinary arsenic biomarkers, and cognitive impairment in the REGARDS Study.","authors":"Meghan Angley, Yijia Zhang, Anne E Nigra, Melissa A Lombard, Matthew O Gribble, Liping Lu, Frederick W Unverzagt, Leslie A McClure, Suzanne E Judd, Mary Cushman, John Brockman, Ka Kahe","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are several pathways by which inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure can affect cognition among adults. Few epidemiologic studies evaluate iAs in water and inter-individual differences in urinary arsenic toxicokinetics. We aimed to estimate the association between individual-level urinary arsenic biomarkers, county-level iAs in drinking water, and cognitive impairment in a cohort of Black and White Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the association between county-level iAs in water and urinary iAs metabolites with incident cognitive impairment in REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). Participants were linked to county-level concentrations of arsenic in public water (n=15,516) and county-level probabilities of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L (n=20,448). In addition, urinary concentrations of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were measured in a subset of participants (n=1,013). Cognitive impairment was determined by the Six Item Screener (SIS) and the Enhanced Cognitive Battery (ECB). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 9% of participants in REGARDS developed incident cognitive impairment on the SIS over 10 years of follow-up. County-level public water iAs concentrations and private well iAs probabilities were not associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Higher concentrations of MMA (OR: 1.74 [95% CI: 1.22, 2.49]) and iAs (OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.12, 2.22]) in urine were associated with greater odds of cognitive impairment on the SIS. Results for the ECB were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>iAs exposure may be associated with cognitive impairment. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple measures of iAs exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123754
Sungwon Choi , Deokhwan Kim , Jonghun Lee , Chanhyuk Park , Myungchan Kim , Byung-Moon Jun , Hojung Rho
The demand for advanced water treatment technologies has increased with the expansion of industrial activities and the tightening of environmental regulations. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have garnered considerable attention because of their selective separation performance and energy efficiency. The need for ceramic NF membranes has emerged as they provide the high chemical stability and precise selectivity required to remove recalcitrant pollutants, such as low-molecular-weight compounds discharged from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries. However, research on ceramic NF membranes remains limited, and reviews that comprehensively examine their technological developments are rare. This review systematically analyzes the studies on ceramic NF membranes published over the past 5 y, focusing on fabrication strategies, structural properties, surface modification, separation performance, and long-term operational stability. Special attention is paid to enhancing selectivity and permeability through pore structure and surface charge control, antifouling strategies, and changes in membrane performance under various operating conditions. Applications in water treatment and resource recovery were evaluated to assess their practical applicability. Lastly, key challenges toward industrial implementation, including the enhancement of manufacturing feasibility, the advancement of antifouling strategies, and the integration of multifunctional properties, have been identified through this review. These insights suggest future research directions for advancing industrial applicability of ceramic NF membranes.
{"title":"Recent advances and future perspectives in ceramic-based nanofiltration membranes: Material innovations, applications, and sustainability challenges","authors":"Sungwon Choi , Deokhwan Kim , Jonghun Lee , Chanhyuk Park , Myungchan Kim , Byung-Moon Jun , Hojung Rho","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for advanced water treatment technologies has increased with the expansion of industrial activities and the tightening of environmental regulations. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have garnered considerable attention because of their selective separation performance and energy efficiency. The need for ceramic NF membranes has emerged as they provide the high chemical stability and precise selectivity required to remove recalcitrant pollutants, such as low-molecular-weight compounds discharged from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries. However, research on ceramic NF membranes remains limited, and reviews that comprehensively examine their technological developments are rare. This review systematically analyzes the studies on ceramic NF membranes published over the past 5 y, focusing on fabrication strategies, structural properties, surface modification, separation performance, and long-term operational stability. Special attention is paid to enhancing selectivity and permeability through pore structure and surface charge control, antifouling strategies, and changes in membrane performance under various operating conditions. Applications in water treatment and resource recovery were evaluated to assess their practical applicability. Lastly, key challenges toward industrial implementation, including the enhancement of manufacturing feasibility, the advancement of antifouling strategies, and the integration of multifunctional properties, have been identified through this review. These insights suggest future research directions for advancing industrial applicability of ceramic NF membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123751
Xinyao Zhang , Rong Yang , Wenxia Zhu , Di Meng , Xuanjie Huang , Zulin Wang , Bo Ma , Jun Yao , Wenjihao Hu
Heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aquatic environments and contaminated soils pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health, thereby necessitating their effective removal and immobilization. In this study, a phosphate-functionalized attapulgite material (C-ATP) was synthesized through a calcination-assisted modification strategy, achieving efficient phosphate incorporation while preserving the intrinsic crystalline framework of attapulgite (ATP). The resulting C-ATP exhibited significantly enhanced maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II), with increases of 80.89 % and 21.44 %, respectively, compared to unmodified ATP. Moreover, C-ATP exhibited remarkable adsorption stability over wide variations in pH and temperature, while sustaining high adsorption performance even under elevated concentrations of competing Ca(II) ions. In soil remediation experiments, C-ATP achieved immobilization efficiencies of 77.9 % for Pb(II) and 35.59 % for Cd(II) within 7 days, which were 2.8 and 1.5 times higher than those of unmodified attapulgite, and it maintained stable solidification performance after 56 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified that the phosphate functionalities were actively involved in the adsorption of heavy metal ions through the generation of inner-sphere coordination complexes at the material surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) further revealed that phosphate groups exhibited stronger binding affinity toward Pb(II) than the original hydroxyl groups on the attapulgite surface, providing a molecular-level explanation for the superior performance of C-ATP. This work provides a simple and cost-effective strategy for fabricating phosphate-modified attapulgite, elucidating the molecular mechanism by which phosphate groups enhance adsorption performance, and offering new insights into efficient heavy metal removal and contaminated soil remediation.
{"title":"Phosphate-modified attapulgite for efficient Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal: surface functionalization and adsorption mechanisms","authors":"Xinyao Zhang , Rong Yang , Wenxia Zhu , Di Meng , Xuanjie Huang , Zulin Wang , Bo Ma , Jun Yao , Wenjihao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aquatic environments and contaminated soils pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health, thereby necessitating their effective removal and immobilization. In this study, a phosphate-functionalized attapulgite material (C-ATP) was synthesized through a calcination-assisted modification strategy, achieving efficient phosphate incorporation while preserving the intrinsic crystalline framework of attapulgite (ATP). The resulting C-ATP exhibited significantly enhanced maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II), with increases of 80.89 % and 21.44 %, respectively, compared to unmodified ATP. Moreover, C-ATP exhibited remarkable adsorption stability over wide variations in pH and temperature, while sustaining high adsorption performance even under elevated concentrations of competing Ca(II) ions. In soil remediation experiments, C-ATP achieved immobilization efficiencies of 77.9 % for Pb(II) and 35.59 % for Cd(II) within 7 days, which were 2.8 and 1.5 times higher than those of unmodified attapulgite, and it maintained stable solidification performance after 56 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified that the phosphate functionalities were actively involved in the adsorption of heavy metal ions through the generation of inner-sphere coordination complexes at the material surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) further revealed that phosphate groups exhibited stronger binding affinity toward Pb(II) than the original hydroxyl groups on the attapulgite surface, providing a molecular-level explanation for the superior performance of C-ATP. This work provides a simple and cost-effective strategy for fabricating phosphate-modified attapulgite, elucidating the molecular mechanism by which phosphate groups enhance adsorption performance, and offering new insights into efficient heavy metal removal and contaminated soil remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123755
Yasser Nehela , Christopher Vincent , Michelle Heck , Nabil Killiny
Integrating oxytetracycline (OTC) in management programs of bacterial plant diseases, including citrus greening, remains controversial due to concerns related to antimicrobial resistance, environmental impact, and residue safety, highlighting the need for sensitive and reliable residue monitoring methods. This study reports the development and validation of an HPLC-PDA-based method for the quantitative determination of OTC and six structurally related analogues in citrus tissue. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient mobile phase of 0.01 M oxalic acid (pH 2.5) and acetonitrile, providing baseline resolution, symmetrical peak shapes, and low tailing factors (<1.2) for all target analytes. Despite structural similarity among OTC analogues, UV spectral profiling enabled reliable compound discrimination, even in cases of minor co-elution. The method demonstrated strong linearity over a concentration range of 0.195–100 μg mL−1 (R2 > 0.99 for most analytes), with acceptable intra- and inter-day precision (RSD <5 %). Spiking studies exhibited reliable inter-matrix performance with extraction recoveries ranging from 84 to 108 % across multiple citrus matrices, including healthy and infected leaves, peel, pulp, and juice, with minimal matrix interference. The method showed high sensitivity across citrus tissues, with limits of detection (LOD) as low as 1.48 ng mL−1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default regulatory threshold for citrus. Application to field samples from OTC-injected commercial groves detected parent OTC residues in citrus leaves, but not other structural analogues, and no detectable OTC translocation into juice. Overall, this method provides a robust analytical platform that enables simultaneous, high-sensitivity quantification of OTC and multiple structural analogues across complex citrus matrices to support environmental exposure assessment, regulatory compliance, and food safety evaluation in disease-managed citrus production systems.
{"title":"A sensitive HPLC method for quantitative determination of oxytetracycline and its structural analogues to support residue monitoring in disease-managed crops","authors":"Yasser Nehela , Christopher Vincent , Michelle Heck , Nabil Killiny","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating oxytetracycline (OTC) in management programs of bacterial plant diseases, including citrus greening, remains controversial due to concerns related to antimicrobial resistance, environmental impact, and residue safety, highlighting the need for sensitive and reliable residue monitoring methods. This study reports the development and validation of an HPLC-PDA-based method for the quantitative determination of OTC and six structurally related analogues in citrus tissue. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient mobile phase of 0.01 M oxalic acid (pH 2.5) and acetonitrile, providing baseline resolution, symmetrical peak shapes, and low tailing factors (<1.2) for all target analytes. Despite structural similarity among OTC analogues, UV spectral profiling enabled reliable compound discrimination, even in cases of minor co-elution. The method demonstrated strong linearity over a concentration range of 0.195–100 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99 for most analytes), with acceptable intra- and inter-day precision (RSD <5 %). Spiking studies exhibited reliable inter-matrix performance with extraction recoveries ranging from 84 to 108 % across multiple citrus matrices, including healthy and infected leaves, peel, pulp, and juice, with minimal matrix interference. The method showed high sensitivity across citrus tissues, with limits of detection (LOD) as low as 1.48 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> and limits of quantification (LOQ) below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default regulatory threshold for citrus. Application to field samples from OTC-injected commercial groves detected parent OTC residues in citrus leaves, but not other structural analogues, and no detectable OTC translocation into juice. Overall, this method provides a robust analytical platform that enables simultaneous, high-sensitivity quantification of OTC and multiple structural analogues across complex citrus matrices to support environmental exposure assessment, regulatory compliance, and food safety evaluation in disease-managed citrus production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123755"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123745
Adebola A. Odu-Onikosi , Paul A. Solomon , Philip K. Hopke , Pierre Herckes , Matthew Fraser
Particulate matter (PM) bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed across Lagos, Nigeria for their spatial-temporal variations, sources, and health risks. PM samples were collected with low-volume samplers at six sites during 12 months and analyzed by GC–MS for 16 PAHs. Sources were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and health risks were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) methodology with site-appropriate exposure times following ATSDR guidelines. Annual mean concentrations of the sum of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAH) were 44.9 ± 38.5 ng/m3 in PM2.5 and 50.3 ± 42.6 ng/m3 in PM10 across Lagos. Dry season values (PM2.5 PAHs: 76.2 ng/m3, PM10 PAHs: 85.7 ng/m3) were >3 times the wet season values (21.9 and 24.1 ng/m3, respectively). These concentrations are higher than in many cities but comparable to and generally lower than the most polluted megacities. Industrial and port-adjacent sites consistently recorded the highest levels, while suburban/coastal sites were the lowest. PMF identified factors for PM2.5 as diesel (18%), gasoline (15%), petroleum handling (14%), industrial (14%), marine (14%), biomass burning (13%), and background (12%). For PM10, factors include biomass burning (21%), background (20%), petroleum (15%), diesel (14%), industrial (14%), gasoline (8%), and marine (7%). Most of the Σ16PAH (89%) occurred in PM2.5. Meteorological factors, particularly temperature influenced PAH concentrations by affecting the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs, dispersion, and removal processes, with particle-bound concentrations typically higher in cooler periods. Health risk assessments estimated ILCRs of 2.0 to 6.1 × 10−6, exceeding the USEPA benchmark (1 × 10−6) by 2–6 times at all sites. The corresponding loss of life expectancy ranged from 12 to 38 min over a 30-year exposure period with residential and industrial zones most affected. These results highlight the need for targeted emission controls and health-focused policies in Lagos.
{"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 in Lagos, Nigeria: Sources, characteristics, and health risks","authors":"Adebola A. Odu-Onikosi , Paul A. Solomon , Philip K. Hopke , Pierre Herckes , Matthew Fraser","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matter (PM) bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed across Lagos, Nigeria for their spatial-temporal variations, sources, and health risks. PM samples were collected with low-volume samplers at six sites during 12 months and analyzed by GC–MS for 16 PAHs. Sources were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and health risks were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) methodology with site-appropriate exposure times following ATSDR guidelines. Annual mean concentrations of the sum of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAH) were 44.9 ± 38.5 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 50.3 ± 42.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in PM<sub>10</sub> across Lagos. Dry season values (PM<sub>2.5</sub> PAHs: 76.2 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, PM<sub>10</sub> PAHs: 85.7 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) were >3 times the wet season values (21.9 and 24.1 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively). These concentrations are higher than in many cities but comparable to and generally lower than the most polluted megacities. Industrial and port-adjacent sites consistently recorded the highest levels, while suburban/coastal sites were the lowest. PMF identified factors for PM<sub>2.5</sub> as diesel (18%), gasoline (15%), petroleum handling (14%), industrial (14%), marine (14%), biomass burning (13%), and background (12%). For PM<sub>10</sub>, factors include biomass burning (21%), background (20%), petroleum (15%), diesel (14%), industrial (14%), gasoline (8%), and marine (7%). Most of the Σ16PAH (89%) occurred in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Meteorological factors, particularly temperature influenced PAH concentrations by affecting the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs, dispersion, and removal processes, with particle-bound concentrations typically higher in cooler periods. Health risk assessments estimated ILCRs of 2.0 to 6.1 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, exceeding the USEPA benchmark (1 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) by 2–6 times at all sites. The corresponding loss of life expectancy ranged from 12 to 38 min over a 30-year exposure period with residential and industrial zones most affected. These results highlight the need for targeted emission controls and health-focused policies in Lagos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123720
Hongxun Cui , Yitao Zheng , Zheng Wang , Zeping Wang , Guozhen Li , Kok Hoong Wong , Jiawei Wang , Yun Zhou , Philip Hall
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Life cycle assessment of wood plastic decking manufacturing: Reduction of environmental impacts based on an industrial case study in China” [Environ. Res. 287 (2025) 123147]","authors":"Hongxun Cui , Yitao Zheng , Zheng Wang , Zeping Wang , Guozhen Li , Kok Hoong Wong , Jiawei Wang , Yun Zhou , Philip Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123720"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123756
Wenhao Feng , Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez , Jie Zhou , Liang Gong , Chunrong Qian , Jia Wang , Xiaolong Bai , Pengzhi Deng , Jing Wang , Yuzhou Jiang , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuyi Li
Northeast China's croplands harbor critical soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves essential for soil fertility and food security. Partitioning SOC into particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) fractions advances mechanistic understanding of C cycling and enables targeted sequestration strategies. To resolve the unresolved latitudinal patterns and controls of these fractions, we analyzed 96 cropland soils spanning 40.03°–48.02° N at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. SOC and MAOC stocks increased markedly with latitude across both soil layers, whereas POC stock exhibited no visible spatial trend. Though both fractions correlated significantly with total SOC, POC stock demonstrated greater sensitivity to SOC stock changes than MAOC stock. Multivariate analyses revealed divergent drivers: 35–38 % of SOC and MAOC stocks variation in topsoil (and 27–31 % in subsoil) stemmed from interactions among climate, soil properties, and enzyme activity, whereas POC stock variation was dominated by soil properties (46 %) in topsoil and enzyme activity (28 %) in deeper strata. Random forest modeling identified mean annual temperature as the primary driver for topsoil SOC and MAOC stocks and total N for subsoil dynamics. Our findings establish temperature sensitivity and nitrogen availability as pivotal controls over SOC fraction distribution, providing actionable strategies for C management in temperate croplands under changing climates.
{"title":"Divergent responses of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon to climate gradients in managed croplands of Northeast China","authors":"Wenhao Feng , Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez , Jie Zhou , Liang Gong , Chunrong Qian , Jia Wang , Xiaolong Bai , Pengzhi Deng , Jing Wang , Yuzhou Jiang , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northeast China's croplands harbor critical soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves essential for soil fertility and food security. Partitioning SOC into particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) fractions advances mechanistic understanding of C cycling and enables targeted sequestration strategies. To resolve the unresolved latitudinal patterns and controls of these fractions, we analyzed 96 cropland soils spanning 40.03°–48.02° N at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. SOC and MAOC stocks increased markedly with latitude across both soil layers, whereas POC stock exhibited no visible spatial trend. Though both fractions correlated significantly with total SOC, POC stock demonstrated greater sensitivity to SOC stock changes than MAOC stock. Multivariate analyses revealed divergent drivers: 35–38 % of SOC and MAOC stocks variation in topsoil (and 27–31 % in subsoil) stemmed from interactions among climate, soil properties, and enzyme activity, whereas POC stock variation was dominated by soil properties (46 %) in topsoil and enzyme activity (28 %) in deeper strata. Random forest modeling identified mean annual temperature as the primary driver for topsoil SOC and MAOC stocks and total N for subsoil dynamics. Our findings establish temperature sensitivity and nitrogen availability as pivotal controls over SOC fraction distribution, providing actionable strategies for C management in temperate croplands under changing climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123753
Shuang Chen, Simin Xiong, Wei Chen, Guangyi Liu
To address the challenges associated with conventional iron-based adsorbents, such as high cost and low arsenic capacity, this study reports the silica-supported ferric oxyhydroxide composite adsorbent (SiFeOH) for arsenic removal from water. A silica support was first prepared from sodium silicate and activated by methanesulfonic acid. Then, ferric oxyhydroxide was introduced onto the support through in-situ oxidative deposition. Structural characterization revealed that the material possesses an amorphous and non-porous structure, providing a fully accessible and effective external surface. Under the optimized Si/Fe molar ratio of 1:12(SiFeOH-1:12), the material exhibited maximum adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) as high as 77.74 and 115.96 mg/g, respectively, significantly outperforming conventional iron-based adsorbents (typically <50 mg/g). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that As(III) adsorption is an enthalpy-driven, exothermic process (ΔH = −29.03 kJ/mol), while As(V) adsorption is an entropy-driven, endothermic process (ΔH = +21.57 kJ/mol). Furthermore, XPS analysis confirmed the underlying mechanism: the removal of As(V) follows a non-redox, direct complexation pathway, whereas As(III) removal involves a more intricate redox-coupled complexation process. Both arsenic species are ultimately immobilized through ligand exchange with surface hydroxyl groups (Fe-OH) to form stable inner-sphere complexes. In treating an actual high-arsenic water sample, a dosage of only 30 mg of the material effectively reduced the arsenic concentration from 143.0 ppb to 3.0 ppb, well below the drinking water standard, while also demonstrating effective arsenic immobilization stability. This research not only develops a high-performance adsorbent but also elucidates the interfacial interaction mechanisms with different arsenic species from the perspectives of surface chemistry and electron transfer, thereby providing new materials and theoretical support for arsenic pollution remediation.
{"title":"The ultra-large-capacity silica-supported ferric oxyhydroxide material: Preparation and mechanism on arsenic removal from water","authors":"Shuang Chen, Simin Xiong, Wei Chen, Guangyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges associated with conventional iron-based adsorbents, such as high cost and low arsenic capacity, this study reports the silica-supported ferric oxyhydroxide composite adsorbent (SiFeOH) for arsenic removal from water. A silica support was first prepared from sodium silicate and activated by methanesulfonic acid. Then, ferric oxyhydroxide was introduced onto the support through in-situ oxidative deposition. Structural characterization revealed that the material possesses an amorphous and non-porous structure, providing a fully accessible and effective external surface. Under the optimized Si/Fe molar ratio of 1:12(SiFeOH-1:12), the material exhibited maximum adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) as high as 77.74 and 115.96 mg/g, respectively, significantly outperforming conventional iron-based adsorbents (typically <50 mg/g). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that As(III) adsorption is an enthalpy-driven, exothermic process (ΔH = −29.03 kJ/mol), while As(V) adsorption is an entropy-driven, endothermic process (ΔH = +21.57 kJ/mol). Furthermore, XPS analysis confirmed the underlying mechanism: the removal of As(V) follows a non-redox, direct complexation pathway, whereas As(III) removal involves a more intricate redox-coupled complexation process. Both arsenic species are ultimately immobilized through ligand exchange with surface hydroxyl groups (Fe-OH) to form stable inner-sphere complexes. In treating an actual high-arsenic water sample, a dosage of only 30 mg of the material effectively reduced the arsenic concentration from 143.0 ppb to 3.0 ppb, well below the drinking water standard, while also demonstrating effective arsenic immobilization stability. This research not only develops a high-performance adsorbent but also elucidates the interfacial interaction mechanisms with different arsenic species from the perspectives of surface chemistry and electron transfer, thereby providing new materials and theoretical support for arsenic pollution remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123753"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binary MOF@MOF structure offers enhanced porosity, active site density, and structural stability in term of using mono MOFs. In this study, a novel bimetallic composite based on binary MOFs structure, Co-ZIF-67@Fe-MIL(101), was synthesized and subsequently subjected to thermal treatment at 500 °C, resulting in a carbonized catalyst (ZF@ML-500) enriched with mixed metal oxides. This thermally derived composite retained the hierarchical structure of the parent MOF@MOF and exhibited strong ferromagnetic properties and high surface reactivity. The catalyst demonstrated excellent efficiency in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of enrofloxacin achieving over 99.2 % removal within 30 min at an optimal dose of 50 mg L−1. ZF@ML-500 also showed excellent tolerance to inorganic anions (HCO3−, CO32−) and minimal metal leaching Fe and Co with superior reusability over 8 cycles. Mechanistic analysis confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH, SO4•-, O2•-) and involvement of high-valent metal-oxo species (Fe(IV)-O, Co(IV)-O). Density functional theory (DFT) and LC-MS were employed to identify degradation pathways and ENR attack sites. This work demonstrates that thermally treated binary MOF-derived catalysts offer a promising, robust, and environmentally friendly approach for antibiotic degradation in wastewater treatment.
二元MOF@MOF结构提供了更高的孔隙度，活性位点密度和结构稳定性，以使用单mof。在这项研究中，合成了一种基于二元mof结构的新型双金属复合材料Co-ZIF-67@Fe-MIL(101)，随后在500℃下进行热处理，得到了富含混合金属氧化物的碳化催化剂（ZF@ML-500）。这种热衍生的复合材料保留了母体MOF@MOF的层次结构，并表现出强铁磁性和高表面反应性。该催化剂在活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）降解恩诺沙星的最佳剂量为50 mg L-1时，在30 min内达到99.2%以上的去除率。ZF@ML-500对无机阴离子（HCO3-, CO32-）的耐受性也很好，对Fe和Co的金属浸出也很低，并且在8个循环中具有优异的可重复使用性。机理分析证实了活性氧（•OH, SO4•-,O2•-）的生成和高价金属氧(Fe（IV)- o, Co(IV)- o）的参与。采用密度泛函理论（DFT）和LC-MS鉴定了ENR的降解途径和攻击位点。这项工作表明，热处理的二元mof衍生催化剂为废水处理中的抗生素降解提供了一种有前途的、强大的、环保的方法。
{"title":"Temperature-tuned Co-ZIF-67@Fe-MIL(101) derived catalysts for advanced peroxymonosulfate activation in enrofloxacin removal from water","authors":"Uzma Razzaq , Thanh-Binh Nguyen , Chiu-Wen Chen , Wei-Hsin Chen , Kuan-Ting Lee , Phung Ngoc Thao Ho , Cheng-Di Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.123693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Binary MOF@MOF structure offers enhanced porosity, active site density, and structural stability in term of using mono MOFs. In this study, a novel bimetallic composite based on binary MOFs structure, Co-ZIF-67@Fe-MIL(101), was synthesized and subsequently subjected to thermal treatment at 500 °C, resulting in a carbonized catalyst (ZF@ML-500) enriched with mixed metal oxides. This thermally derived composite retained the hierarchical structure of the parent MOF@MOF and exhibited strong ferromagnetic properties and high surface reactivity. The catalyst demonstrated excellent efficiency in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of enrofloxacin achieving over 99.2 % removal within 30 min at an optimal dose of 50 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. ZF@ML-500 also showed excellent tolerance to inorganic anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and minimal metal leaching Fe and Co with superior reusability over 8 cycles. Mechanistic analysis confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen species (<sup>•</sup>OH, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) and involvement of high-valent metal-oxo species (Fe(IV)-O, Co(IV)-O). Density functional theory (DFT) and LC-MS were employed to identify degradation pathways and ENR attack sites. This work demonstrates that thermally treated binary MOF-derived catalysts offer a promising, robust, and environmentally friendly approach for antibiotic degradation in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 123693"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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