Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121613
Yiting Wu , Fangxing Yang
Air pollution is believed to exacerbate the prevalence of allergic diseases. But the underlying processes and mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with a diameter of 0.1 μm, 1 μm, and 5 μm were investigated on the allergenic potentials of house dust mite allergen Der p 1. The results reveal that co-exposure to PS-MPs promoted the IgE-binding capacity of Der p 1 by altering the conformation, elevating the ligand-binding activity, and strengthening the aggregation of Der p 1. PS-MPs also exacerbated the damage to airway epithelial barrier by increasing the permeability of bronchial epithelial cells. Ultimately, co-exposure to PS-MPs aggravated the Th2-mediated immune responses and allergic sensitization induced by Der p 1. These evidences indicate that co-exposure to PS-MPs enhanced the allergenic potentials of Der p 1. Moreover, the PS-MPs-induced enhancement of the allergenic potential of Der p 1 is size-dependent, with smaller PS-MPs exhibiting greater promotion on the allergenic potential of Der p 1. Given the ubiquitous occurrence of PS-MPs in the environment, the co-exposure of allergens and PS-MPs should be seriously considered when assessing the allergenic risk of allergens in the real environment, especially for the PS-MPs with smaller size.
{"title":"Co-exposure to microplastics enhances the allergenic potentials of house dust mite allergen Der p 1","authors":"Yiting Wu , Fangxing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution is believed to exacerbate the prevalence of allergic diseases. But the underlying processes and mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with a diameter of 0.1 μm, 1 μm, and 5 μm were investigated on the allergenic potentials of house dust mite allergen Der p 1. The results reveal that co-exposure to PS-MPs promoted the IgE-binding capacity of Der p 1 by altering the conformation, elevating the ligand-binding activity, and strengthening the aggregation of Der p 1. PS-MPs also exacerbated the damage to airway epithelial barrier by increasing the permeability of bronchial epithelial cells. Ultimately, co-exposure to PS-MPs aggravated the Th2-mediated immune responses and allergic sensitization induced by Der p 1. These evidences indicate that co-exposure to PS-MPs enhanced the allergenic potentials of Der p 1. Moreover, the PS-MPs-induced enhancement of the allergenic potential of Der p 1 is size-dependent, with smaller PS-MPs exhibiting greater promotion on the allergenic potential of Der p 1. Given the ubiquitous occurrence of PS-MPs in the environment, the co-exposure of allergens and PS-MPs should be seriously considered when assessing the allergenic risk of allergens in the real environment, especially for the PS-MPs with smaller size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121613"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121617
Yingtao Lu , Yiping Zhang , Wanting He , Yongchao Zhou , Qiyu Lian
A series of bimetallic carbon catalysts (FeM@C, M = Bi, Ce, Co, Ni, Mn) were synthesized via pyrolysis of metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors, among which FeBi@C exhibits exceptional catalytic ozonation performance, achieving 90.73 % oxalic acid removal within 30 min and retaining 84 % of its initial activity over eight consecutive cycles. Advanced characterizations, including EPR, and in-situ Raman spectroscopy, revealed that oxygen vacancies (OV) serve as active sites for ozone adsorption, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ≡ Fe-O-O- peroxo intermediates. The post-reaction XPS analysis indicated significant shifts in binding energies and changes in the proportions of oxygen species, revealing the unique Fe-Bi synergy. The Fe2p spectra showed a decrease in Fe2+ content and a negative shift in binding energy, indicating an active Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle. The Bi4f spectra confirmed the presence of zero-valent Bi, which acts as an “electron reservoir”, continuously donating electrons to enhance Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle and promote ozone activation. This unique mechanism, where zero-valent Bi sustains the electron transfer cycle, significantly enhances both the catalytic efficiency and long-term stability of the FeBi@C system, distinguishing it from conventional bimetallic catalysts. This work provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance catalysts for environmental remediation.
{"title":"Enhanced catalytic ozonation via FeBi bimetallic catalyst: Unveiling the role of zero-valent Bi as an oxygen vacancy-mediated electron reservoir","authors":"Yingtao Lu , Yiping Zhang , Wanting He , Yongchao Zhou , Qiyu Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of bimetallic carbon catalysts (FeM@C, M = Bi, Ce, Co, Ni, Mn) were synthesized via pyrolysis of metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors, among which FeBi@C exhibits exceptional catalytic ozonation performance, achieving 90.73 % oxalic acid removal within 30 min and retaining 84 % of its initial activity over eight consecutive cycles. Advanced characterizations, including EPR, and <em>in-situ</em> Raman spectroscopy, revealed that oxygen vacancies (O<sub>V</sub>) serve as active sites for ozone adsorption, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ≡ Fe-O-O<sup>-</sup> peroxo intermediates. The post-reaction XPS analysis indicated significant shifts in binding energies and changes in the proportions of oxygen species, revealing the unique Fe-Bi synergy. The Fe2p spectra showed a decrease in Fe<sup>2+</sup> content and a negative shift in binding energy, indicating an active Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> redox cycle. The Bi4f spectra confirmed the presence of zero-valent Bi, which acts as an “electron reservoir”, continuously donating electrons to enhance Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> redox cycle and promote ozone activation. This unique mechanism, where zero-valent Bi sustains the electron transfer cycle, significantly enhances both the catalytic efficiency and long-term stability of the FeBi@C system, distinguishing it from conventional bimetallic catalysts. This work provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance catalysts for environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121617"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121606
Sichen Li , Yujiang Huang , Wenjun Zhou
The remediation of combined contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in soil and aqueous environments represents an ongoing challenge. In this study, a novel highly functionalized biochar-based composite (FeS2@OA-BC) was synthesised by combining oxalic acid (OA) pre-treatment with ball-milling of FeS2 for the simultaneous removal of cadmium (Cd2+) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. FeS2@OA-BC demonstrated exceptional performance in simultaneously removing 74.7 % of Cd2+ and 95.8 % of TC from the binary systems, meanwhile the degradation rate of TC reached up to 64.8 %. Moreover, no significant competitive or promoting effects between Cd2+ and TC removal were observed by FeS2@OA-BC in binary systems. The adsorption of Cd2+ was primarily governed by three mechanisms: complexation with functional groups, Cd-π conjugation and cation exchange. Meanwhile, TC degradation relied on reactive oxygen species (ROS), where hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) played dominant roles, with singlet oxygen (1O2) contributing minimally. The co-modification of OA and FeS2 synergistically introduces abundant exogenous defect sulphur vacancies (SVs), enhancing molecular oxygen activation and stimulating more ROS for TC degradation, as well as promoting more functional groups as adsorption sites for Cd2+ complexation. This therefore ultimately led to the reinforcement of the concurrent removal of Cd2+and TC. Overall, FeS2@OA-BC shows great promise for addressing combined pollution involving heavy metals and antibiotics in environmental systems.
{"title":"Simultaneous removal of cadmium and tetracycline from aqueous solutions by oxalic acid and pyrite co-modified biochar: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Sichen Li , Yujiang Huang , Wenjun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remediation of combined contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in soil and aqueous environments represents an ongoing challenge. In this study, a novel highly functionalized biochar-based composite (FeS<sub>2</sub>@OA-BC) was synthesised by combining oxalic acid (OA) pre-treatment with ball-milling of FeS<sub>2</sub> for the simultaneous removal of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. FeS<sub>2</sub>@OA-BC demonstrated exceptional performance in simultaneously removing 74.7 % of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and 95.8 % of TC from the binary systems, meanwhile the degradation rate of TC reached up to 64.8 %. Moreover, no significant competitive or promoting effects between Cd<sup>2+</sup> and TC removal were observed by FeS<sub>2</sub>@OA-BC in binary systems. The adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> was primarily governed by three mechanisms: complexation with functional groups, Cd-π conjugation and cation exchange. Meanwhile, TC degradation relied on reactive oxygen species (ROS), where hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) played dominant roles, with singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) contributing minimally. The co-modification of OA and FeS<sub>2</sub> synergistically introduces abundant exogenous defect sulphur vacancies (SVs), enhancing molecular oxygen activation and stimulating more ROS for TC degradation, as well as promoting more functional groups as adsorption sites for Cd<sup>2+</sup> complexation. This therefore ultimately led to the reinforcement of the concurrent removal of Cd<sup>2+</sup>and TC. Overall, FeS<sub>2</sub>@OA-BC shows great promise for addressing combined pollution involving heavy metals and antibiotics in environmental systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121606"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) have gained popularity in contaminant removal due to their low cost and environmentally friendly properties. However, a gap remains in understanding how synthesis conditions (SC), material properties (MP), and reaction processes (RP) affect their removal capacities on typical contaminants. This study utilizes advanced machine learning methods to explore complex dependencies in contaminant removal, achieving high predictive accuracies with R2 rankings of XGBoost (0.9867) > RF (0.9749) > LightGBM (0.8545), and detailed SHAP analyses that elucidate the specific impacts of features. The model revealed that RP significantly influenced FeNPs' removal capacity. Both linear and SHAP analyses demonstrated that SC indirectly affected removal efficiency by influencing MP, thereby weakening their impact on FeNPs' removal capabilities due to their strong linear correlation. For all three contaminants (antibiotics, dyes and heavy metals), the removal capacity of FeNPs was primarily influenced by the C/Fe ratio and the type of plant present in the SC, as well as the pore volume of the MP. Antibiotics removal depends on antibiotic type and FeNPs' Fe content. The interaction time between Fe ions and plant extracts during SC and the specific surface area (SSA) of MP significantly influenced dyes removal, while the pore diameter in MP and the pH in RP were vital for heavy metals removal. MP impacts antibiotics removal more than SC, but SC's indirect effects are more significant for dyes and heavy metals. SHAP analysis clarified the importance and independent roles of specific features in the predictive modeling of removal efficiencies.
{"title":"Machine learning predicts selectivity of green synthesized iron nanoparticles toward typical contaminants: critical factors in synthesis conditions, material properties, and reaction process","authors":"Yiwen Xiao , Zhenjun Zhang , Jiajiang Lin , Wei Chen , Jianhui Huang , Zuliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) have gained popularity in contaminant removal due to their low cost and environmentally friendly properties. However, a gap remains in understanding how synthesis conditions (SC), material properties (MP), and reaction processes (RP) affect their removal capacities on typical contaminants. This study utilizes advanced machine learning methods to explore complex dependencies in contaminant removal, achieving high predictive accuracies with R<sup>2</sup> rankings of XGBoost (0.9867) > RF (0.9749) > LightGBM (0.8545), and detailed SHAP analyses that elucidate the specific impacts of features. The model revealed that RP significantly influenced FeNPs' removal capacity. Both linear and SHAP analyses demonstrated that SC indirectly affected removal efficiency by influencing MP, thereby weakening their impact on FeNPs' removal capabilities due to their strong linear correlation. For all three contaminants (antibiotics, dyes and heavy metals), the removal capacity of FeNPs was primarily influenced by the C/Fe ratio and the type of plant present in the SC, as well as the pore volume of the MP. Antibiotics removal depends on antibiotic type and FeNPs' Fe content. The interaction time between Fe ions and plant extracts during SC and the specific surface area (SSA) of MP significantly influenced dyes removal, while the pore diameter in MP and the pH in RP were vital for heavy metals removal. MP impacts antibiotics removal more than SC, but SC's indirect effects are more significant for dyes and heavy metals. SHAP analysis clarified the importance and independent roles of specific features in the predictive modeling of removal efficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121605"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121559
Jun-Yang Ma , Ji-Hua Liu , Cheng-Zhuang Chen , Yi-Ze Zhang , Zhan-Sheng Guo , Min-Peng Song , Feng Jiang , Zi-Tong Chai , Zhu Li , Su-Xian Lv , Yu-Jiao Zhen , Lu Wang , Zhen-Lin Liang , Zhao-Yang Jiang
The study delves into the microbial carbon pump (MCP) within the sediments of kelp aquaculture zones, focusing on its influence on the turnover of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). Following kelp harvest, significant alterations in the microbial community structure were noted, with a decrease in complexity and heterogeneity within co-occurrence networks potentially impacting RDOC production efficiency. Metabolic models constructed identified four key microbial lineages crucial for RDOC turnover, with their abundance observed to decrease post-harvest. Analysis of metabolic complementarity revealed that RDOC-degrading microorganisms exhibit broad substrate diversity and are engaged in specific resource exchange patterns, with cross-feeding interactions possibly enhancing the ecological efficiency of the MCP. Notably, the degradation of RDOC was found not to deplete the RDOC pool; as aromatic compounds break down, new ones are released into the environment, thus supporting the renewal of the RDOC pool. The research highlights the pivotal role of microbial communities in RDOC turnover and offers fresh insights into their cross-feeding behavior related to RDOC cycling, providing valuable data to support the future development and application of MCP theory.
{"title":"Characteristics of microbial carbon pump in the sediment of kelp aquaculture zone and its contribution to recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon turnover: insights into metabolic patterns and ecological functions","authors":"Jun-Yang Ma , Ji-Hua Liu , Cheng-Zhuang Chen , Yi-Ze Zhang , Zhan-Sheng Guo , Min-Peng Song , Feng Jiang , Zi-Tong Chai , Zhu Li , Su-Xian Lv , Yu-Jiao Zhen , Lu Wang , Zhen-Lin Liang , Zhao-Yang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study delves into the microbial carbon pump (MCP) within the sediments of kelp aquaculture zones, focusing on its influence on the turnover of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). Following kelp harvest, significant alterations in the microbial community structure were noted, with a decrease in complexity and heterogeneity within co-occurrence networks potentially impacting RDOC production efficiency. Metabolic models constructed identified four key microbial lineages crucial for RDOC turnover, with their abundance observed to decrease post-harvest. Analysis of metabolic complementarity revealed that RDOC-degrading microorganisms exhibit broad substrate diversity and are engaged in specific resource exchange patterns, with cross-feeding interactions possibly enhancing the ecological efficiency of the MCP. Notably, the degradation of RDOC was found not to deplete the RDOC pool; as aromatic compounds break down, new ones are released into the environment, thus supporting the renewal of the RDOC pool. The research highlights the pivotal role of microbial communities in RDOC turnover and offers fresh insights into their cross-feeding behavior related to RDOC cycling, providing valuable data to support the future development and application of MCP theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121559"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121564
Zichu Hu , Wanqi Zhang , Zhechen Liu , Xiaotao Zhang , Ximing Wang
Phenol is a volatile organic compound whose effective degradation using conventional methods is challenging. Rapid charge-carrier recombination and slow Cu(II)/Cu(I) conversion rate in copper-based photocatalysts hinder their activation efficiency of potassium persulfate (PMS). Herein, an S-scheme heterojunction structure comprising TiO2@C and CuO was successfully constructed using an in situ calcination method, enabling the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers and thus enhancing the synergistic effect of PMS in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The resulting CuO/TiO2@C nanocomposite exhibited notably higher phenol removal efficiency than CuO or TiO2@C alone, removing an 88 % phenol (40 mg/L) and a 48 % total organic carbon within 25 min. The material maintained high degradation efficiency after four cycles. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to identify intermediates generated during phenol degradation, and a potential charge-transfer mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of catalytic active species and energy band structure. Thus, this study provides new insights for enhancing PMS activation for phenol remediation.
{"title":"Construction of a CuO/TiO2@C S-scheme heterojunction for phenol removal by activated peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Zichu Hu , Wanqi Zhang , Zhechen Liu , Xiaotao Zhang , Ximing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol is a volatile organic compound whose effective degradation using conventional methods is challenging. Rapid charge-carrier recombination and slow Cu(II)/Cu(I) conversion rate in copper-based photocatalysts hinder their activation efficiency of potassium persulfate (PMS). Herein, an S-scheme heterojunction structure comprising TiO<sub>2</sub>@C and CuO was successfully constructed using an in situ calcination method, enabling the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers and thus enhancing the synergistic effect of PMS in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The resulting CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@C nanocomposite exhibited notably higher phenol removal efficiency than CuO or TiO<sub>2</sub>@C alone, removing an 88 % phenol (40 mg/L) and a 48 % total organic carbon within 25 min. The material maintained high degradation efficiency after four cycles. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to identify intermediates generated during phenol degradation, and a potential charge-transfer mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of catalytic active species and energy band structure. Thus, this study provides new insights for enhancing PMS activation for phenol remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121564"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121598
Han Lyu , Kaho Sakai , Koki Toyota , Hisayoshi Hayashi , Susumu Morigasaki , Haruo Tanaka , Soh Sugihara
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an essential indicator of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The high yield (Y)-resource acquisition (A)-stress tolerance (S) life strategy framework was used to assess microbial adaptation and its impact on CUE in response to soil environment and nutrient availability. Topsoil (0–15 cm) was collected from a 36-year experimental field of Andosol in Japan with six fertilizer treatments: no application, inorganic PK, NK, NPK, compost, and NPK with compost (NPKCM) to elucidate the effects of nutrient availability and environmental changes caused by fertilization on CUE. Soil chemical properties, microbial biomass and community structure, and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) were measured. Microbial nutrient limitation and CUE were assessed using enzyme stoichiometry (CUEst), and structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the conjecture that microbial nutrient limitation, mainly P-limitation, reduces CUEst through changes in bacterial community structures and EEAs. Results showed higher CUEst in NPK-treated soils (NPK: 0.37, NPKCM: 0.32) compared to P-deficient soils (Ctrl: 0.19, NK: 0.22). Increased P availability and reduced DOC:AP and IN:AP ratios in NPK-treated soils favored a shift of dominant bacterial strategies from A-strategists (including Alphaproteobacteria, Vicinamibacterales, and AD3) to Y-strategists (including Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Blastocatellales, Bryobacterales, and Ktedonobacterales). SEM revealed that increased soil C and P availability alleviated microbial P limitation, enhancing CUEst directly and via reducing C-acquiring EEAs and altering microbial strategies. Overall, NPK fertilization may be an optimal strategy for enhancing SOC sequestration by improving microbial CUE in Andosols, emphasizing the trade-off between nutrient acquisition and energy conservation.
{"title":"Long-term NPK fertilization enhances microbial carbon use efficiency in Andosols by alleviating P limitation and shifting microbial strategies","authors":"Han Lyu , Kaho Sakai , Koki Toyota , Hisayoshi Hayashi , Susumu Morigasaki , Haruo Tanaka , Soh Sugihara","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an essential indicator of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The high yield (Y)-resource acquisition (A)-stress tolerance (S) life strategy framework was used to assess microbial adaptation and its impact on CUE in response to soil environment and nutrient availability. Topsoil (0–15 cm) was collected from a 36-year experimental field of Andosol in Japan with six fertilizer treatments: no application, inorganic PK, NK, NPK, compost, and NPK with compost (NPKCM) to elucidate the effects of nutrient availability and environmental changes caused by fertilization on CUE. Soil chemical properties, microbial biomass and community structure, and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) were measured. Microbial nutrient limitation and CUE were assessed using enzyme stoichiometry (CUEst), and structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the conjecture that microbial nutrient limitation, mainly P-limitation, reduces CUEst through changes in bacterial community structures and EEAs. Results showed higher CUEst in NPK-treated soils (NPK: 0.37, NPKCM: 0.32) compared to P-deficient soils (Ctrl: 0.19, NK: 0.22). Increased P availability and reduced DOC:AP and IN:AP ratios in NPK-treated soils favored a shift of dominant bacterial strategies from A-strategists (including Alphaproteobacteria, Vicinamibacterales, and AD3) to Y-strategists (including Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Blastocatellales, Bryobacterales, and Ktedonobacterales). SEM revealed that increased soil C and P availability alleviated microbial P limitation, enhancing CUEst directly and via reducing C-acquiring EEAs and altering microbial strategies. Overall, NPK fertilization may be an optimal strategy for enhancing SOC sequestration by improving microbial CUE in Andosols, emphasizing the trade-off between nutrient acquisition and energy conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121598"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121601
Ziyang Hu , Xiaowei Gu , Zhijun Li , Zhihang Hu , Jianping Liu , Shenyu Wang , Hao Wang
The utilization of industrial solid wastes for the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (CGS) has great development potential and helps to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. In this paper, the mechanically activated coal gasification slag (CGS) scheme was optimized based on the grinding kinetic model, and the intrinsic connection between particle characteristics, activity index, and CGS-composite cement properties was established. The hydration mechanism of CGS-composite cement was explored by characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, and SEM. The results showed that the distribution index n, fractal dimension D and SSA were the key parameters affecting the activity index of CGS particles and the properties of composite cement. At a grinding time of 55 min, the distribution index n of CGS was 1.04, fractal dimension D was 2.41, SSA was 614.6 m2/kg, the activity index reached a peak of 99.3 %, and the compressive strength of the prepared composite cement at 28 days was 42.4 MPa. The ground CGS-composite cement showed a higher molar mass ratio of Ca to Si as compared with that of the unground group. C-(A)-S-H and AFm hydration products had higher polymerization and denser microstructures than the unground group, suggesting a synergistic hydration effect between the ground CGS and the cement. In addition, the environmental and economic impact assessment showed that by replacing 30 % of cement, embodied energy (EE) was reduced by 17.96 %, global warming potential (GWP) by 24.46 %, and cost by 22.56 %. The study promotes the development of the solid waste recycling industry and helps to achieve the goals of efficient resource utilization and environmental protection.
{"title":"Sustainable valorization of coal gasification slag through optimized grinding kinetics: Composite cement compressive strength enhancement and environmental assessment","authors":"Ziyang Hu , Xiaowei Gu , Zhijun Li , Zhihang Hu , Jianping Liu , Shenyu Wang , Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of industrial solid wastes for the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (CGS) has great development potential and helps to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. In this paper, the mechanically activated coal gasification slag (CGS) scheme was optimized based on the grinding kinetic model, and the intrinsic connection between particle characteristics, activity index, and CGS-composite cement properties was established. The hydration mechanism of CGS-composite cement was explored by characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, and SEM. The results showed that the distribution index n, fractal dimension D and SSA were the key parameters affecting the activity index of CGS particles and the properties of composite cement. At a grinding time of 55 min, the distribution index n of CGS was 1.04, fractal dimension D was 2.41, SSA was 614.6 m<sup>2</sup>/kg, the activity index reached a peak of 99.3 %, and the compressive strength of the prepared composite cement at 28 days was 42.4 MPa. The ground CGS-composite cement showed a higher molar mass ratio of Ca to Si as compared with that of the unground group. C-(A)-S-H and AFm hydration products had higher polymerization and denser microstructures than the unground group, suggesting a synergistic hydration effect between the ground CGS and the cement. In addition, the environmental and economic impact assessment showed that by replacing 30 % of cement, embodied energy (EE) was reduced by 17.96 %, global warming potential (GWP) by 24.46 %, and cost by 22.56 %. The study promotes the development of the solid waste recycling industry and helps to achieve the goals of efficient resource utilization and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121601"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121597
Dayoon Kwon , Kimberly C. Paul , Karl O'Sharkey , Seung-A Paik , Yu Yu , Jeff M. Bronstein , Beate Ritz
Exposure to ambient air pollution is ubiquitous and unavoidable. While associations between air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases are well-established, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), has only recently begun to emerge. This narrative review provides an overview of current findings and discusses challenges and opportunities for future epidemiologic research. Mechanistically, air pollution may contribute to ADRD and PD through neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cerebrovascular damage. Long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may increase the risk of ADRD and PD. Over the past 20 years, more than 50 studies have examined air pollution and ADRD, while fewer studies have focused on PD. Although the estimated effects are modest in size, they translate into a substantial number of affected individuals due to the widespread nature of the exposure and an increasingly aging population worldwide. Future research should extend exposure periods to cover younger and middle ages, estimate the effects of long-term cumulative exposures, and evaluate moderators and mediators, such as diet, physical activity, green space, and noise. More studies are also needed to include large and diverse populations, including those with special vulnerabilities and emerging exposures like wildfire smoke.
{"title":"Challenges in studying air pollution to neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Dayoon Kwon , Kimberly C. Paul , Karl O'Sharkey , Seung-A Paik , Yu Yu , Jeff M. Bronstein , Beate Ritz","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to ambient air pollution is ubiquitous and unavoidable. While associations between air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases are well-established, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), has only recently begun to emerge. This narrative review provides an overview of current findings and discusses challenges and opportunities for future epidemiologic research. Mechanistically, air pollution may contribute to ADRD and PD through neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cerebrovascular damage. Long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may increase the risk of ADRD and PD. Over the past 20 years, more than 50 studies have examined air pollution and ADRD, while fewer studies have focused on PD. Although the estimated effects are modest in size, they translate into a substantial number of affected individuals due to the widespread nature of the exposure and an increasingly aging population worldwide. Future research should extend exposure periods to cover younger and middle ages, estimate the effects of long-term cumulative exposures, and evaluate moderators and mediators, such as diet, physical activity, green space, and noise. More studies are also needed to include large and diverse populations, including those with special vulnerabilities and emerging exposures like wildfire smoke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 121597"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121545
Lingling Zhang , Xiao Ling , Yang Liu , Zhaohou Chen , Bingyang He , Yanlin Wang , Zian Tang , Daqiang Cang
Porous materials have a wide range of applications in the adsorption of pollutants. In this study, porous geopolymer (PG) was prepared by using steel slag and fly ash as raw materials. The changes in the mechanical properties, microstructure, and methylene blue (MB) removal rate of PG caused by carbonation were observed. The results showed that the filling of CaCO3 and the increase of polymerization degree led to the increase of PG compressive strength during carbonation, and the compressive strength of carbonated PG reached 2.27 MPa. According to BET and XPS results, carbonation resulted in an increase in the specific surface area and surface hydroxyl functional groups of PG. Compared to non-carbonated PG, there was a 34% increase in the removal rate and adsorption capacity of MB. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB by carbonated PG was 27.61 mg/g. Additionally, FTIR analyses suggested that the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were the primary dye adsorption mechanisms, and the MB adsorption by carbonated PG conformed to fit the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.
{"title":"Carbon negative technology empowered adsorption behaviour and mechanism of porous geopolymer","authors":"Lingling Zhang , Xiao Ling , Yang Liu , Zhaohou Chen , Bingyang He , Yanlin Wang , Zian Tang , Daqiang Cang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous materials have a wide range of applications in the adsorption of pollutants. In this study, porous geopolymer (PG) was prepared by using steel slag and fly ash as raw materials. The changes in the mechanical properties, microstructure, and methylene blue (MB) removal rate of PG caused by carbonation were observed. The results showed that the filling of CaCO<sub>3</sub> and the increase of polymerization degree led to the increase of PG compressive strength during carbonation, and the compressive strength of carbonated PG reached 2.27 MPa. According to BET and XPS results, carbonation resulted in an increase in the specific surface area and surface hydroxyl functional groups of PG. Compared to non-carbonated PG, there was a 34% increase in the removal rate and adsorption capacity of MB. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB by carbonated PG was 27.61 mg/g. Additionally, FTIR analyses suggested that the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were the primary dye adsorption mechanisms, and the MB adsorption by carbonated PG conformed to fit the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 121545"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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