Environmental Research最新文献_第8页

Wild macrofungi as bioindicators of persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, NPAHs, and PAHs) in urban and natural environments 野生大型真菌作为城市和自然环境中持久性有机污染物（多氯联苯、非多环芳烃和多环芳烃）的生物指标

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123890

Milena Rašeta , Marko Kebert , Milana Rakić , Eleonora Čapelja , Saša Orlović , Saša Kostić

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their nitro derivatives (NPAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pose a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide. Our study evaluated the content of PAHs, NPAHs, and PCBs in eight common, wild macrofungal species collected from urban (Kamenički and Dunavski parks) and natural (Fruška Gora Mt.) environments in Northern Serbia. Among analyzed species, the edible Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill 1920 exhibited the highest total concentrations of Σ₁₅PAHs (837.97 ± 11.49 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, DW), Σ₆NPAHs (166.99 ± 4.51 ng g⁻¹ DW), and Σ₁₀PCBs (265.27 ± 0.32 ng g⁻¹ DW), followed closely by Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers. 1822 (Σ₁₅PAHs: 725.42 ± 16.02 ng g⁻¹ DW; Σ₆NPAHs: 160.63 ± 14.82 ng g⁻¹ DW, Σ₁₀PCBs: 214.28 ± 22.56 ng g⁻¹ DW), both species from Kamenički park. High-molecular-weight PAHs such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benzo[ghi]perylene were dominant across most species most inspected species, while 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene was the most prevalent NPAH. PCBs showed species- and congener-specific adsorption patterns, with the highest concentrations detected in L. sulphureus and Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar 1964. Overall, variation in pollutant levels strongly depended on the locality and species-specific traits. In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence that wild macrofungi, from urban areas, may represent powerful accumulators of PAHs, NPAHs, and PCBs, offering important insights into environmental pollution monitoring and potential food safety risks.

持久性有机污染物（POPs），特别是多环芳烃（PAHs）及其硝基衍生物（NPAHs）和多氯联苯（PCBs），在全世界构成了重大的环境和公共卫生挑战。本研究评估了从塞尔维亚北部城市（kameni ki和Dunavski公园）和自然（Fruška Gora Mt.）环境中采集的8种常见野生大型真菌的多环芳烃、NPAHs和多氯联苯含量。在分析的物种中，可食用的Laetiporus sulphureus （Bull.）Murrill 1920的总浓度最高，分别为Σ15PAHs（837.97±11.49 ng g-1干重，DW）、Σ6NPAHs（166.99±4.51 ng g-1 DW）和Σ10PCBs(265.27±0.32 ng g-1 DW)，其次为木耳（Auricularia mesenterica, Dicks）。Pers. 1822 （Σ15PAHs: 725.42±16.02 ng g-1 DW； Σ6NPAHs: 160.63±14.82 ng g-1 DW， Σ10PCBs: 214.28±22.56 ng g-1 DW），均来自kameni公园。高分子量多环芳烃以二苯并[a，h]蒽和苯并[ghi]苝为主，6-硝基苯并[a]芘为最常见的多环芳烃。多氯联苯呈种特异性和同属特异性吸附模式，在L. sulphureus和Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar 1964中检测到的浓度最高。总体而言，污染物水平的变化强烈依赖于地区和物种特异性特征。总之，本研究提供了新的证据，表明来自城市地区的野生大型真菌可能是多环芳烃、非多环芳烃和多氯联苯的强大蓄积者，为环境污染监测和潜在的食品安全风险提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Cobalt-doped red mud composite as a porous catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade methylene blue 钴掺杂赤泥复合材料作为活化过氧单硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝的多孔催化剂。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123793

Hongliang Chen , Nana Lu , Qian Long , Mengbi Yang , Dandan Luo , Zhipeng Wang

A porous composite catalyst, designated as 0.1Co/RM@G, is successfully fabricated with red mud (RM). This catalyst, incorporating CoFe₂O₄, Fe₃O₄ and Na₄CoO₃ as active species, is employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the methylene blue (MB) degradation in aqueous solutions. The results demonstrate that under optimal conditions: 1 g/L of 0.1Co/RM@G and 10 mM PMS, the removal efficiency of MB (initial concentration: 100 mg/L) achieves up to 99.7 % within 15 min. Radical scavenging experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses confirm that singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the MB degradation. A plausible mechanism for PMS activation by 0.1Co/RM@G is proposed, where the synergistic effect between Co³⁺/Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ redox cycles plays a crucial role in sustaining the high catalytic performance. Furthermore, recycling experiments reveal that the catalyst retains over a 71.3 % MB removal efficiency after four cycles, highlighting its strong reusability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the N sites (30, 21) and C sites (13, 6, 15, 11, 2, 4) on the MB molecule are particularly susceptible to attack by ¹O₂ during the oxidation process. The potential pathways for the MB degradation are proposed through intermediates analysis using LC-MS technology. Thanks to its robust catalytic efficiency and excellent recyclability, the 0.1Co/RM@G composite shows a great potential for practical applications in the treatment of MB wastewater.

以赤泥（RM）为原料，成功制备了0.1Co/RM@G多孔复合催化剂。该催化剂以CoFe2O4、Fe3O4和Na4CoO3为活性物质，用于激活过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）降解水溶液中的亚甲基蓝（MB）。结果表明，在0.1Co/RM@G浓度为1 g/L、PMS浓度为10 mM的条件下，在15 min内对MB（初始浓度为100 mg/L）的去除率可达99.7%。自由基清除实验结合电子顺磁共振（EPR）分析证实，单线态氧（1O2）是负责MB降解的主要活性氧（ROS）。提出了0.1Co/RM@G活化PMS的合理机制，其中Co3+/Co2+和Fe3+/Fe2+氧化还原循环之间的协同效应对维持高催化性能起着至关重要的作用。此外，回收实验表明，经过4次循环后，催化剂的MB去除率仍保持在71.3%以上，表明其具有较强的可重复使用性。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，MB分子上的N位（30、21）和C位（13、6、15、11、2、4）在氧化过程中特别容易受到1O2的攻击。利用LC-MS技术对中间体进行分析，提出了MB降解的潜在途径。由于0.1Co/RM@G复合材料具有强大的催化效率和优异的可回收性，在MB废水处理中显示出巨大的实际应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Driving factors and predictive model of dissolved N2O concentrations in a complex aquatic network 复杂水体网络中溶解N2O浓度驱动因素及预测模型

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123972

Li Zhang , Dongli She , Menghua Xiao , Yongchun Pan , Cheng Lu , Shenhao Qu , Taohong Cao , Yongqiu Xia

Inland water networks, comprising hydrologically integrated rivers, agricultural ditches, and aquaculture ponds, are significant N₂O sources, yet their complexity impedes accurate quantification. Here we developed an integrated framework combining structural equation modeling (SEM), machine learning (ML), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to bridge causal inference with nonlinear predictive modeling in China's Taihu Basin. Our results demonstrate that NO₃⁻-N and water temperature (WT) dominate N₂O variability, explaining significantly more variance than discrete water body categories. This framework successfully reconciled the dual role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). SEM identifies DOC as a macroscopic sink driven by the complete denitrification of nitrate to N₂ (standardized effect = −0.143), while SHAP reveals its role as a microscopic catalyst that enhances N₂O production efficiency per unit of nitrate. Although the ensemble model achieved high accuracy (test R² = 0.70), the parsimonious model using four routine parameters (NO₃⁻-N, DO, NH₄⁺-N, and WT) proved more suitable for regional assessment, demonstrating satisfactory predictive capability (test R² = 0.54) and successfully reconstructing basin-wide spatiotemporal patterns. This study provides a scalable and transferable methodology for unlocking the driving mechanisms of complex aquatic ecosystems, offering a robust tool for basin-scale N₂O estimation and targeted greenhouse gas mitigation.

由水文一体化河流、农业沟渠和水产养殖池塘组成的内陆水网是N2O的重要来源，但其复杂性阻碍了准确量化。在此，我们开发了一个结合结构方程模型（SEM）、机器学习（ML）和SHapley加性解释（SHAP）的集成框架，以连接中国太湖盆地的因果推理与非线性预测模型。我们的研究结果表明，NO3—N和水温（WT）主导了N2O的变异，比离散的水体类别解释了更多的变异。该框架成功地调和了溶解有机碳（DOC）的双重作用。SEM认为DOC是由硝酸盐完全反硝化成N2驱动的宏观汇（标准化效应= -0.143），而SHAP则揭示了其作为微观催化剂的作用，提高了单位硝酸盐生产N2O的效率。虽然集合模型具有较高的准确度（检验R2 = 0.70），但使用4个常规参数（NO3—N、DO、NH4+-N和WT）的简约模型更适合区域评估，具有令人满意的预测能力（检验R2 = 0.54），并成功地重建了全流域的时空格局。该研究为解开复杂水生生态系统的驱动机制提供了一种可扩展和可转移的方法，为流域尺度的N2O估算和有针对性的温室气体减排提供了强有力的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing solid CO2 in hybrid alkaline cement: Dry ice as a pathway to high-performance and low-emission materials 在混合碱性水泥中利用固体二氧化碳：干冰作为高性能和低排放材料的途径。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123926

Yi-Sheng Wang , Bong-Seop Lee , Hongzhi Zhang , Hyeong-Kyu Cho , Runsheng Lin , Shafiq Ishak , Xiao-Yong Wang

The concrete industry urgently requires innovative carbon management strategies to mitigate its substantial CO₂ footprint. Conventional carbonation curing is often constrained by equipment requirements and limited applicability to precast components, highlighting the need for alternative solutions suitable for cast-in-place concretes. This study introduces a novel method of incorporating solid CO₂ (dry ice) into hybrid alkaline cement (HAC) systems, enabling simultaneous performance enhancement and carbon storage. HAC mixtures containing 0–15% dry ice were prepared and systematically investigated in terms of hydration kinetics, mechanical strength, durability, and phase evolution. Isothermal calorimetry, XRD, TG, FTIR, and SEM were employed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the observed changes. Results demonstrate that dry ice moderates system alkalinity, promotes clinker hydration, and induces early precipitation of carbonates that subsequently transform into carbonaluminate phases. At an optimal dosage of 10%, compressive strength increased by 37.45% and surface resistivity by 22.69% at 28 days, accompanied by significant microstructural densification. However, excessive addition (15%) led to early temperature drops and reduced slag activation, which impaired overall performance. Sustainability analysis considering two boundary scenarios of CO₂ escape revealed that incorporating 10% dry ice reduced unit strength CO₂ emissions to 3.87–7.8 kg·CO₂/MPa, representing reductions of 51.9–3.23% compared with the control. These findings demonstrate that dry ice addition provides a low-cost, simple, and scalable route to integrate carbon storage with HAC development. This strategy offers new opportunities for achieving carbon-neutral cementitious materials with enhanced durability and structural performance, particularly in field applications where conventional carbonation curing is impractical.

混凝土行业迫切需要创新的碳管理策略来减少其大量的二氧化碳足迹。传统的碳化固化通常受到设备要求的限制，并且对预制构件的适用性有限，因此需要适合现浇混凝土的替代解决方案。本研究介绍了一种将固体二氧化碳（干冰）掺入混合碱性水泥（HAC）体系的新方法，可以同时提高性能和储存碳。制备了含有0-15%干冰的HAC混合物，并对其水化动力学、机械强度、耐久性和相演化进行了系统的研究。采用等温量热法、XRD、TG、FTIR和SEM等分析方法揭示了这些变化的机理。结果表明，干冰调节了体系的碱度，促进了熟料的水化，并诱导碳酸盐的早期沉淀，随后转变为碳铝酸盐相。当添加量为10%时，28 d抗压强度提高了37.45%，表面电阻率提高了22.69%，并伴有明显的显微组织致密化。然而，过量添加（15%）会导致早期温度下降和炉渣活化降低，从而影响整体性能。考虑两种CO2逸出边界情景的可持续性分析表明，加入10%干冰后，单位强度CO2排放量降至3.87 ~ 7.8 kg·CO2/MPa，比对照组减少51.9 ~ 3.23%。这些发现表明，添加干冰为碳储存与HAC开发相结合提供了一种低成本、简单且可扩展的途径。该策略为实现碳中性胶凝材料提供了新的机会，该材料具有更高的耐久性和结构性能，特别是在传统碳化固化不切实际的现场应用中。

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引用次数: 0

OneWater-driven waste-to-watt innovation: Electroactive Polymer–Metal oxide nanostructures for integrated energy production and reuse of wastewater 一种水驱动的废物发电创新：电活性聚合物-金属氧化物纳米结构集成能源生产和废水再利用。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123764

Lakeswer Dadsena , Tungabidya Maharana , Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu

The OneWater paradigm emphasizes integrated and circular management of water resources, promoting technologies that simultaneously address water scarcity, energy demand, and environmental sustainability. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) support these objectives by converting organic pollutants into renewable bioelectricity while treating wastewater. In this study, high-performance bioanodes based on polypyrrole–titanium dioxide (PPy–TiO₂) nanocomposites were developed on nickel foam (PPy–TiO₂/NF) and graphite sheet (PPy– TiO₂/GS) substrates to enhance electrochemical activity and microbial electron transfer. Comprehensive structural characterization (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, SAED, EDX) confirmed the uniform incorporation of anatase-phase TiO₂ within a conductive PPy matrix, forming a porous and electroactive surface. Electrochemical analyses revealed significantly reduced charge-transfer resistance and enhanced pseudocapacitive behavior for PPy–TiO₂/NF, which translated into superior MFC performance. When operated with Citrobacter freundii, the PPy– TiO₂/NF anode achieved a peak voltage of 998 ± 10 mV, maximum power density of 2411 ± 30 mW/m², current density of 2416 ± 25 mA/m², and high treatment efficiency with 86.40 ± 0.8 % COD removal and 35.56 ± 1.7 % coulombic efficiency. Dense, viable biofilms on the 3D nickel foam scaffold further supported enhanced electron recovery. To assess practical scalability, three PPy–TiO₂/NF-based MFC units were successfully stacked in series, generating >2.0 V sufficient to illuminate an LED bulb. Following treatment, the effluent was UV-disinfected and safely reused for non-potable applications such as landscape irrigation, demonstrating direct integration of wastewater treatment, energy recovery, and water reuse. These results highlight PPy–TiO₂-modified electrodes as robust and sustainable candidates for decentralized circular water–energy systems under OneWater frameworks.

OneWater模式强调水资源的综合循环管理，促进同时解决水资源短缺、能源需求和环境可持续性问题的技术。微生物燃料电池（mfc）通过在处理废水的同时将有机污染物转化为可再生的生物电来实现这些目标。本研究在泡沫镍（py -TiO2/NF）和石墨片（py -TiO2/ GS）衬底上制备了基于聚吡咯-二氧化钛（py -TiO2）纳米复合材料的高性能生物阳极，以增强电化学活性和微生物电子转移。综合结构表征（XRD， FTIR， SEM， TEM， SAED， EDX）证实了锐钛矿相TiO2在导电PPy基体内的均匀结合，形成了多孔的电活性表面。电化学分析表明，PPy-TiO2/NF显著降低了电荷转移电阻，增强了赝电容行为，从而转化为优异的MFC性能。当与弗氏柠檬酸杆菌一起作用时，PPy- TiO2/NF阳极的峰值电压为998±10 mV，最大功率密度为2411±30 mW/m2，电流密度为2416±25 mA/m2， COD去除率为86.40±0.8%，库仑效率为35.56±1.7%。致密的、有活力的生物膜在3D泡沫镍支架上进一步支持增强的电子恢复。为了评估实际的可扩展性，三个基于py - tio2 / nf的MFC单元成功地串联起来，产生的>2.0 V足以照亮一个LED灯泡。处理后，废水经过紫外线消毒，并安全再利用，用于景观灌溉等非饮用应用，展示了废水处理、能源回收和水再利用的直接整合。这些结果强调了py - tio2修饰电极是OneWater框架下分散循环水能系统的稳健和可持续的候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal arsenic speciation and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy and adolescence 孕期和青春期产前砷形成和甲状腺激素水平。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123773

Sabrina Llop , Julia Lönnqvist , Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa , Mario Murcia , Loreto Santa-Marina , Ferran Ballester , Amaia Irizar , Simone Braeuer , Ana Esplugues , Manuel Lozano , Jorge Vallejo-Ortega , Gonzalo García-Baquero , Ziortza Barroeta , Florencia Harari , Raquel Soler-Blasco

This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) and maternal and offspring thyroid hormone levels, assessed during pregnancy and at 15 years of age. We also evaluated the role of genetic polymorphisms in the DIO1 and DIO2 genes in this association.

The study population comprised pregnant women-offspring pair participants in the INMA project in Spain. Free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in serum samples collected during the first trimester and at 15 years of age. iAs and its metabolites (DMA, MMA) were measured in urine samples collected during the first trimester. The sum of iAs and its metabolites (SumAs) and the iAs methylation efficiency (%iAs, %DMA, %MMA) were calculated. Covariates were obtained through questionnaires. Two SNPs in the DIO1 (rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs12885300) genes were genotyped in maternal and offspring DNA. The association between maternal As exposure and thyroid hormone levels measured at both time points (n = 981 and n = 330) was evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. Interaction terms were included in the models in order to evaluate effect modification.

A lower methylation efficiency of maternal iAs (denoted as higher %MMA) was directly associated with maternal FT4, and maternal SumAs concentrations were directly associated with adolescent TSH levels. Additionally, these associations seemed to be modified by two SNPs in the DIO1 and DIO2 genes. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to iAs could disrupt thyroid function during both pregnancy and adolescence, and that deiodinase enzymes may play a role.

本研究旨在评估产前接触无机砷（iAs）与母亲和后代甲状腺激素水平之间的关系，在怀孕期间和15岁时进行评估。我们还评估了遗传多态性在DIO1和DIO2基因中的作用。研究人群包括西班牙INMA项目的孕妇-后代对参与者。测定孕早期和15岁时血清中游离甲状腺素（FT4）、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）。在妊娠早期收集的尿液样本中测量iAs及其代谢物（DMA， MMA）。计算iAs及其代谢物的总和（SumAs）和iAs甲基化效率（%iAs, %DMA, %MMA）。协变量通过问卷调查获得。在母系和子代DNA中对DIO2基因（rs2235544）和DIO2基因（rs12885300）的两个snp进行基因分型。使用多变量线性回归模型评估在两个时间点（n=981和n=330）测量的母体砷暴露与甲状腺激素水平之间的关系。在模型中加入相互作用项，以评价效果修改。较低的母体iAs甲基化效率（表示为较高的MMA %）与母体FT4直接相关，母体SumAs浓度与青少年TSH水平直接相关。此外，这些关联似乎由DIO1和DIO2基因中的两个snp修饰。我们的研究结果表明，产前暴露于iAs可能会破坏孕期和青春期的甲状腺功能，并且脱碘酶可能起作用。

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引用次数: 0

Droplet electricity generation via biogenic iron nanoparticle-coated fungal bulking sludge. 生物铁纳米颗粒包覆真菌膨胀污泥的液滴发电。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.124291

Liying Zhang, Fanjian Meng, Xin Lu, Haifeng Zhang, Lanhe Zhang

Discharged fungal bulking sludge (FBS) is a byproduct of wastewater treatment processes, due to high costs and environmental contamination. This study proposes a novel design, biosynthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) on the surface of fungal biofilm, for simultaneous generating electricity with the action of a single water droplet. The output performances of electric energy were achieved, with an instant voltage of 40 mV. The hydrophily and pore structure of fungal biofilm contributes to the dragging force of water droplets. The electricity generation of the devices depends on electron transfer at long distance due to the conductivity of FeNPs. The stimulation model of hydroelectric power generation demonstrated that electric potential attributed to the asymmetric proton concentration gradient. Batch experiments demonstrated that protonation and ionic dynamics were crucial for electricity generation. This study is the first to utilize non-electroactive fungal biofilm to biosynthesize iron nanoparticles on their surface for energy conversion, achieving a stable and continuous power output with the action of the movement and dissociation of water molecules within the porous structure of the biofilm. These discoveries offer new ideas for the development of novel energy materials and technologies in the crossing field between wastewater treatment and water-based power generation.

排放的真菌膨胀污泥（FBS）是废水处理过程的副产物，由于成本高和环境污染。本研究提出了一种新颖的设计，在真菌生物膜表面生物合成铁纳米颗粒（FeNPs），通过单个水滴的作用同时发电。实现了电能输出性能，瞬时电压为40mv。真菌生物膜的亲水性和孔隙结构决定了水滴的拖拽力。由于fenp的导电性，器件的发电依赖于电子在远距离的转移。水力发电的刺激模型证明了不对称质子浓度梯度引起的电势。批量实验表明，质子化和离子动力学对发电至关重要。本研究首次利用非电活性真菌生物膜在其表面生物合成铁纳米颗粒进行能量转换，利用生物膜多孔结构内水分子的运动和解离，实现稳定、连续的功率输出。这些发现为污水处理与水基发电交叉领域的新型能源材料和技术的发展提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing global patterns and health risks of vegetables as a dietary mercury exposure pathway 评估蔬菜作为膳食汞接触途径的全球模式和健康风险

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123758

Yue Wang , Ke Xing , Nan Xiao , Yanni Zhang , Yixuan Wang , Lingzao Zeng , Yijun Yao

Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed toxic pollutant with well-documented neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, yet comprehensive assessments of Hg contamination in vegetables—a potentially significant dietary exposure pathway for non-fish-consuming populations—remain lacking. This study presents the first global assessment of Hg concentrations in edible vegetables by compiling 8546 records from 49 countries, integrating data from peer-reviewed literature, the WHO GEMS Food contaminants database, and national Total Diet Studies. The compiled dataset revealed pronounced geographic inequalities in monitoring coverage, with high-income countries contributing the majority of observations while many low- and middle-income regions remained substantially underrepresented. Despite these data gaps, the global median Hg concentration was 0.0012 mg/kg, suggesting that vegetables generally constitute a secondary exposure pathway relative to fish and seafood. However, regional median concentrations varied by nearly 50-fold, from 0.00014 mg/kg in North America to 0.0067 mg/kg in the Middle East and North Africa, with extreme values recorded in Côte d'Ivoire (0.140 mg/kg) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (0.057 mg/kg). Temporal analysis revealed divergent trajectories: while emission controls drove a 58 % reduction in median concentrations in China (from 0.0024 to 0.0010 mg/kg), high contamination levels persisted in regions with unregulated mining. Correlation analyses indicated that PM2.5 (r = 0.49) and artisanal gold mining emissions (r = 0.46) exhibited the strongest positive associations with vegetable Hg concentrations, implicating atmospheric deposition as a predominant contamination pathway. Probabilistic risk assessment identified Côte d'Ivoire and Bosnia and Herzegovina as potential high-risk hotspots, where estimated Hazard Quotients (HQ) exceeded the safety threshold for both children (HQ: 1.05–1.39) and adults (HQ: 1.47–1.95). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the identification of these priority regions remains robust to demographic uncertainties. These findings demonstrate that in specific inland hotspots, vegetable-borne exposure rivals aquatic pathways, underscoring the urgent need for expanded surveillance in the Global South.

汞（Hg）是一种全球分布的有毒污染物，具有充分的神经毒性和肾毒性作用，但对蔬菜中汞污染的综合评估仍然缺乏，而蔬菜是非鱼类消费人群潜在的重要饮食暴露途径。本研究首次对可食用蔬菜中的汞浓度进行了全球评估，收集了来自49个国家的8546份记录，整合了同行评议文献、世卫组织GEMS食品污染物数据库和国家总饮食研究的数据。汇编的数据集揭示了监测覆盖面的明显地域不平等，高收入国家提供了大部分观测值，而许多低收入和中等收入地区的代表性仍然严重不足。尽管存在这些数据缺口，但全球汞浓度中位数为0.0012 mg/kg，这表明相对于鱼类和海鲜，蔬菜通常构成了二次暴露途径。然而，区域浓度中位数相差近50倍，从北美的0.00014毫克/公斤到中东和北非的0.0067毫克/公斤，极端值记录在Côte科特迪瓦（0.140毫克/公斤）和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（0.057毫克/公斤）。时间分析显示了不同的轨迹：虽然排放控制使中国的中位浓度降低了58%（从0.0024毫克/千克降至0.0010毫克/千克），但在不受管制的采矿地区，高污染水平持续存在。相关分析表明，PM2.5 （r = 0.49）和手工采金排放（r = 0.46）与蔬菜汞浓度呈正相关，表明大气沉降是主要的污染途径。概率风险评估确定Côte科特迪瓦和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那是潜在的高风险热点，其中估计的危险商数（HQ）超过了儿童（HQ: 1.05-1.39）和成人（HQ: 1.47-1.95）的安全阈值。敏感性分析证实，这些优先区域的确定对人口结构的不确定性仍然是强有力的。这些发现表明，在特定的内陆热点地区，蔬菜传播的暴露与水生途径竞争，强调了在全球南方扩大监测的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Regulating water-salt transport in subsided soil reclamation: The mechanism of calcination-acid leaching activated coal gangue 沉降土复垦中水盐运移的调控：煅烧-酸浸活化煤矸石的机理

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123774

Guiyuan Wang, Junmeng Li, Chenyang Li, Yanli Huang, Yachao Guo, Laiwei Wu, Pucheng Rui

Gangue discharge and accumulation cause serious environmental issues. Activating gangue for subsided soil reclamation aids disposal and resource use. To address this, we used a 'calcination-acid leaching' activation method. XRD, FTIR, BET, and SEM-EDS assessed mineral changes, pore structure, and available silicon in calcined-acid-leached coal gangue (CA-CG) across different calcination temperatures and acid concentrations. Furthermore, soil column experiments measured water and salt transport, varying fly ash-to-gangue ratios, isolation layer thicknesses, and reclamation structures. Notably, at 700 °C, kaolinite completely dehydroxylates to metakaolinite, boosting silicon-aluminum reactivity. With 5 % acid leaching, amorphous silicon reacts rapidly with hydrogen ions, yielding 103 mg/kg accessible silicon. At this acid level, the CA-CG surface area was 28.81 % higher than at 1 % acid. As the ash-to-coal ratio increases, the water retention coefficient R first increases, then drops. Moreover, double-layer structures improve bottom desalination and reduce surface salt during evaporation. They resist upward ion migration better than single-layer structures. Finally, the control order for ion migration is: SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻.

脉石的排放和积聚造成了严重的环境问题。活化矸石用于塌陷地复垦有助于处置和资源利用。为了解决这个问题，我们使用了“煅烧-酸浸”活化法。XRD、FTIR、BET和SEM-EDS分析了煅烧-酸浸煤矸石（CA-CG）在不同焙烧温度和酸浓度下的矿物变化、孔隙结构和有效硅。此外，土柱实验测量了水和盐的运移、不同的粉煤灰-脉石比、隔离层厚度和填海结构。值得注意的是，在700°C时，高岭石完全脱氢成偏高岭石，提高了硅铝的反应性。在5%酸浸条件下，非晶态硅与氢离子迅速反应，可得103mg /kg可得硅。在此酸水平下，CA-CG的表面积比在1%酸水平下高28.81%。随着灰煤比的增大，保水系数R先增大后减小。此外，双层结构改善了底部脱盐，减少了蒸发过程中的表面盐。它们比单层结构更能抵抗离子向上迁移。最后，离子迁移的控制顺序为：SO42−、Ca2+、Na+、Cl−。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphate-modified attapulgite for efficient Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal: surface functionalization and adsorption mechanisms 磷酸盐改性凹凸棒土高效去除Pb（II）和Cd(II)：表面功能化和吸附机理。

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123751

Xinyao Zhang , Rong Yang , Wenxia Zhu , Di Meng , Xuanjie Huang , Zulin Wang , Bo Ma , Jun Yao , Wenjihao Hu

Heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aquatic environments and contaminated soils pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health, thereby necessitating their effective removal and immobilization. In this study, a phosphate-functionalized attapulgite material (C-ATP) was synthesized through a calcination-assisted modification strategy, achieving efficient phosphate incorporation while preserving the intrinsic crystalline framework of attapulgite (ATP). The resulting C-ATP exhibited significantly enhanced maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II), with increases of 80.89 % and 21.44 %, respectively, compared to unmodified ATP. Moreover, C-ATP exhibited remarkable adsorption stability over wide variations in pH and temperature, while sustaining high adsorption performance even under elevated concentrations of competing Ca(II) ions. In soil remediation experiments, C-ATP achieved immobilization efficiencies of 77.9 % for Pb(II) and 35.59 % for Cd(II) within 7 days, which were 2.8 and 1.5 times higher than those of unmodified attapulgite, and it maintained stable solidification performance after 56 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified that the phosphate functionalities were actively involved in the adsorption of heavy metal ions through the generation of inner-sphere coordination complexes at the material surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) further revealed that phosphate groups exhibited stronger binding affinity toward Pb(II) than the original hydroxyl groups on the attapulgite surface, providing a molecular-level explanation for the superior performance of C-ATP. This work provides a simple and cost-effective strategy for fabricating phosphate-modified attapulgite, elucidating the molecular mechanism by which phosphate groups enhance adsorption performance, and offering new insights into efficient heavy metal removal and contaminated soil remediation.

水生环境和受污染土壤中的铅（II）和镉（II）等重金属离子对生态系统和人类健康构成严重风险，因此需要对其进行有效清除和固定化。在本研究中，通过煅烧辅助改性策略合成了一种磷酸盐功能化凹凸棒石材料（C-ATP），在保持凹凸棒石（ATP）固有晶体结构的同时，实现了磷酸盐的有效掺入。所得的C-ATP对Pb（II）和Cd（II）的最大吸附能力显著提高，分别比未改性的ATP提高80.89%和21.44%。此外，C-ATP在广泛的pH和温度变化下表现出显著的吸附稳定性，即使在高浓度的Ca（II）离子竞争下也能保持高的吸附性能。在土壤修复实验中，C-ATP在7 d内对Pb（II）和Cd（II）的固定效率分别达到77.9%和35.59%，分别是未改性凹凸棒土的2.8倍和1.5倍，56 d后仍保持稳定的固化性能。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析证实，磷酸盐官能团通过在材料表面生成球内配位配合物，积极参与重金属离子的吸附。原子力显微镜（AFM）进一步显示，磷酸基团对Pb（II）的结合亲和力比凹凸棒土表面原有的羟基更强，这为C-ATP的优越性能提供了分子水平的解释。本研究为制备磷酸盐改性凹凸棒土提供了一种简单、经济的方法，阐明了磷酸基增强凹凸棒土吸附性能的分子机制，为有效去除重金属和污染土壤修复提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0