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Urbanization's hidden influence: Linking landscape alterations and feather coloration with pigeon's cholesterol levels
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121115
Javiera Arcila , Isaac Peña-Villalobos , Catalina B. Muñoz-Pacheco , Felipe Sanhueza-Cisterna , Daniela Galdames , David Arancibia-Altamirano , Fabiola A. Otárola , Diego Landaeta , Francisco del Basto , Carolina Cárdenas Aroca , Tomás Jiménez , Pablo Sabat , Verónica Palma
Urbanization significantly impacts synanthropic birds, influencing their physiology and appearance. For instance, urban environments are associated with higher plasma cholesterol levels in birds due to human-derived food sources. Additionally, landscape changes create environmental pressures, which favor more melanic plumages. Current evidence suggests that urbanization may influence bird cholesterol through mechanisms beyond diet, possibly via the pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin system. In this study, we examine how cholesterolemia varies in urban pigeons (Columba livia), a species with polymorphic plumage, across different levels of urbanization and degrees of melanism. To investigate this, we analyzed pigeons along urbanization gradients and sampled birds from various locations in Santiago, a South American metropolis. Plumage color was characterized using image analysis, and the expression of the MITF and MC1R genes in the skin was measured. Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters, genetic sex determination, and nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) in red blood cells. We found correlations between human-induced spatial heterogeneity indexes (e.g., Impervious Surface, Global Human Modification, and Land Surface Temperature) and plumage melanism. However, no direct relationship was found between these landscape features and cholesterol levels, although there were links to glucose and triglycerides. Interestingly, plasma cholesterol levels strongly correlated with plumage melanism features independent of δ15N, suggesting a non-trophic origin of elevated cholesterol. Furthermore, we identified and quantified the indirect effects of urbanization on cholesterolemia using structural equation modeling. This evidence highlights the interplay between urban stressors and bird melanism, underscoring the importance of pleiotropic phenomena in socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics of urban ecosystems.
{"title":"Urbanization's hidden influence: Linking landscape alterations and feather coloration with pigeon's cholesterol levels","authors":"Javiera Arcila ,&nbsp;Isaac Peña-Villalobos ,&nbsp;Catalina B. Muñoz-Pacheco ,&nbsp;Felipe Sanhueza-Cisterna ,&nbsp;Daniela Galdames ,&nbsp;David Arancibia-Altamirano ,&nbsp;Fabiola A. Otárola ,&nbsp;Diego Landaeta ,&nbsp;Francisco del Basto ,&nbsp;Carolina Cárdenas Aroca ,&nbsp;Tomás Jiménez ,&nbsp;Pablo Sabat ,&nbsp;Verónica Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization significantly impacts synanthropic birds, influencing their physiology and appearance. For instance, urban environments are associated with higher plasma cholesterol levels in birds due to human-derived food sources. Additionally, landscape changes create environmental pressures, which favor more melanic plumages. Current evidence suggests that urbanization may influence bird cholesterol through mechanisms beyond diet, possibly via the pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin system. In this study, we examine how cholesterolemia varies in urban pigeons (<em>Columba livia</em>), a species with polymorphic plumage, across different levels of urbanization and degrees of melanism. To investigate this, we analyzed pigeons along urbanization gradients and sampled birds from various locations in Santiago, a South American metropolis. Plumage color was characterized using image analysis, and the expression of the <em>MITF</em> and <em>MC1R</em> genes in the skin was measured. Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters, genetic sex determination, and nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ<sup>15</sup>N) in red blood cells. We found correlations between human-induced spatial heterogeneity indexes (e.g., Impervious Surface, Global Human Modification, and Land Surface Temperature) and plumage melanism. However, no direct relationship was found between these landscape features and cholesterol levels, although there were links to glucose and triglycerides. Interestingly, plasma cholesterol levels strongly correlated with plumage melanism features independent of δ<sup>15</sup>N, suggesting a non-trophic origin of elevated cholesterol. Furthermore, we identified and quantified the indirect effects of urbanization on cholesterolemia using structural equation modeling. This evidence highlights the interplay between urban stressors and bird melanism, underscoring the importance of pleiotropic phenomena in socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics of urban ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121115"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The modifying role of residential greenness on the association between heat waves and adverse birth outcomes: Results from the ELEFANT project
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121118
Yuxuan Ma , Yuanyuan Yu , Lei Zhao , Qisijing Liu , Jiayan Ni , Zi Lin , Bin Chen , Weixia Li , Huishu Lin , Yuhong He , Shuhao Shi , Jianqiong Zheng , Hongping Zhang , Chen Li , Furong Deng , Shike Hou , Tailang Yin , Yan Zhou , Liqiong Guo

Background

The impact of heat waves on perinatal outcomes has become a focus of attention. However, the association between heat waves and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) remains controversial. Furthermore, whether residential greenness can mitigate the adverse effects of heat waves on birth outcomes still unclear.

Methods

This study employed a retrospective cohort design based on data from the ELEFANT project, conducted in Tianjin, China, spanning from 2011 to 2019. We assessed heat waves exposure by creating 12 definitions of extreme heat with varying relative temperatures (90th, 95th, 97.5th and 99th percentiles) and durations (at least 2, 3, or 4 consecutive days). Residential greenness levels were evaluated using the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate the risks of PTB, LBW, SGA and LGA in relation to heatwaves exposure and the multiplicative and additive interactions of heat waves and greenness on adverse birth outcomes across different pregnancy periods, including pre-pregnancy.

Results

Our findings indicate that heatwaves significantly increase the risks of PTB by 2.4%–15.6%, LBW by 7.6%–18 %, SGA by 3.6%–88.4%, and LGA by 2%–3.4%. The lack of residential greenness exhibited a synergistic interaction with heatwaves on PTB, SGA and LGA (RERI >0), especially during milder heat events during entire pregnancy. For LBW, interactions between greenness and heatwaves were limited. Furthermore, we identified that heatwave was significantly associated with high risk of adverse birth outcomes among mothers living in rural areas.

Conclusions

Prioritizing greenspace can help mitigate the effects of heatwaves, offering a viable and cost-effective approach to protecting maternal and fetal health.
背景:热浪对围产期结果的影响已成为人们关注的焦点。然而,热浪与早产(PTB)、低出生体重(LBW)、胎龄小(SGA)和胎龄大(LGA)之间的关系仍存在争议。此外,住宅绿化是否能减轻热浪对出生结果的不利影响仍不清楚:本研究采用回顾性队列设计,基于 2011 年至 2019 年在中国天津开展的 ELEFANT 项目的数据。我们通过创建 12 个不同相对温度(第 90、95、97.5 和 99 百分位数)和持续时间(至少连续 2、3 或 4 天)的极端高温定义来评估热浪暴露。利用 MODIS 归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI) 评估住宅区绿化水平。我们采用 Cox 比例危险回归模型来估算不同孕期(包括孕前)的新生儿畸形率、低体重儿、SGA 和 LGA 风险与热浪暴露的关系,以及热浪和绿化对不良出生结果的乘法和加法交互作用:结果:我们的研究结果表明,热浪会使婴儿患先天性巨结肠的风险大幅增加 2.4% 至 15.6%,低体重儿的风险增加 7.6% 至 18%,SGA 的风险增加 3.6% 至 88.4%,LGA 的风险增加 2% 至 3.4%。住宅绿化不足与热浪对 PTB、SGA 和 LGA 的影响具有协同作用(RERI > 0),尤其是在整个孕期较温和的热浪期间。对于低体重儿而言,绿化与热浪之间的相互作用是有限的。此外,我们还发现,热浪与居住在农村地区的母亲出现不良出生结果的高风险显著相关:结论:优先考虑绿地有助于减轻热浪的影响,为保护孕产妇和胎儿健康提供了一种可行且具有成本效益的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A chitosan/MOF hybrid monolith with improved stability and enhanced adsorption performances via a pre-frozen crosslinking route
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121095
Die Gong , Wenli Zhu , Mingzhu Wu , Chao Chen , Xuedan Chen , Jiankang Ye , Maozheng He , Xin Zhao , Qingshan Fu
In wastewater remediation by adsorption, three-dimensional porous MOF (metal-organic frame)/polymer hybrid monoliths have been demonstrated to be promising absorbents with effective adsorption and recovery capacities. However, MOF/polymer monoliths often suffer from obvious decrease of porous structures due to large shrinkage during dry at room temperature, weakening the accessibility of active sites for adsorption. Here, a so-called pre-frozen crosslinking process is employed for fabrication of a chitosan/UiO-66 monolith, of which shrinkage is restrained markedly during drying in the air, and the shape of the monolith can be kept intact in 6.3 M acetic acid (CH3COOH), deionized water and 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 60 days. Furthermore, the monolith achieves an adsorption capacity of 55.50 mg g−1 for methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid (MCPP) from its aqueous solution, increasing by 55.6% compared with UiO-66 particles, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 256.41 mg g−1.
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引用次数: 0
Co-adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), and Cr(Ⅵ) on sodium dodecyl sulfate modified attapulgite clay-supported nano zero-valent iron: Competitive or synergistic effect?
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121107
Qian Yang , Huilin Wang , Yufei Zhong , Guining Lu , Zhi Dang , Lijuan Zhang
Cadmium(Ⅱ), plumbum(Ⅱ), and chromium(Ⅵ) universally co-exist in the environment, greatly aggravating their environmental risks and elevating the difficulty of remediation. Herein, a novel sodium dodecyl sulfate modified attapulgite clay-supported nano zero-valent iron (SDS@ATP/nZVI) was exploited as the synchronous adsorbent of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), and Cr(Ⅵ) composite pollution. With the aid of the carrier SDS@ATP, nZVI was highly dispersed and became the primary active ingredient. The adsorption kinetics results showed that there existed a strong competitive effect between Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ), while the co-existence of Cr(Ⅵ) accelerated the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) on SDS@ATP/nZVI. The adsorption capacity (qmax) of Cd(Ⅱ) in their binary system was only 71.3 mg/g and 0.34 times that of single Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption under pH = 6.0 and 298 K, whereas that of Pb(Ⅱ) (qmax = 558.7 mg/g) was almost equivalent, supporting that Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption had the priority and quickly reduced to Pb0 by Fe0. Meanwhile, residue Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) mightily competed for active sites of surface chemical adsorption of iron hydroxide. Similarly, the qmax of Cd(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) in their binary system were 238.7 and 70.9 mg/g, which was 1.12 and 0.94 times to those of individual Cd(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption, implying a synergistic effect of Cr(Ⅵ). Cr(Ⅵ) species firstly was reduced and simultaneously facilitated the generation of iron hydroxide, of which both free Cd(Ⅱ) and newly reduced Cr(Ⅲ) with iron hydroxide co-precipitated to constitute the amorphous Fe-Cr(Ⅲ)-Cd(Ⅱ) sediment. These findings also provide exhaustive inspiration and strategy for the remediation of multiple composite pollution.
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引用次数: 0
Stimulation of Microcystis aeruginosa by subtoxic concentrations of contaminants: A meta-analysis
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121105
Caiyu Geng , Boya Zhou , Edward J. Calabrese , Evgenios Agathokleous
There is growing evidence for hormetic stimulation of Microcystis aeruginosa, a harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming cyanobacterium, by subtoxic contaminant concentrations. Hence, the first meta-analysis of approximately 4000 dose responses was conducted to evaluate the underlying biological mechanisms, identify variation determinants, and reveal potential implications for algaecides effectiveness. Approximately 30 chemical contaminants caused significant stimulation (95% CI: 72–153%), which persisted in mixtures, regardless the level of mixture complexity. Stimulation by subtoxic antibiotic contamination occurred in the presence or absence of algaecides, highlighting the potential of chemical contamination to lower algaecide efficiency to control the cyanobacterium. The significant stimulation spanned a wide range of contaminant concentrations, from ≤0.0001 to 200 mg L−1, and the response amplitude varied with concentration and exposure duration, increasing from 16% in less than one day to 27% on average within 2–4 weeks. Various mechanisms regulating the defense system (39–46%) and photosynthetic physiology (10–12%) and determining productivity and yields (19–22%) were enhanced, ultimately resulting in increased population growth (cell density; 21%), growth rate (15%), and survival (39%). Importantly, intracellular and extracellular microcystins (MC-LR, MC-LW, MC-RR, MC-YR) and their release are enriched by 26–29% in tandem with mcyB over-expression (24%) and N (26%) and Ca (17%) enhancement. However, the stimulation degree depended on the specific MC. The findings not only close a significant gap in the scientific understanding of the underlying mechanisms of contaminant-induced stimulation but also provide critical information to improve HAB management and remediation strategies.
越来越多的证据表明,亚毒性污染物浓度对铜绿微囊藻这种形成有害藻华 (HAB) 的蓝藻具有激素刺激作用。因此,我们首次对大约 4000 个剂量反应进行了荟萃分析,以评估潜在的生物机制,确定变化的决定因素,并揭示其对除藻剂有效性的潜在影响。约有 30 种化学污染物对藻类产生了明显的刺激作用(95% CI:72-153%),无论混合物的复杂程度如何,这种刺激作用在混合物中持续存在。无论是否使用除藻剂,亚毒性抗生素污染物都会对蓝藻产生刺激作用,这表明化学污染物有可能降低除藻剂对蓝藻的控制效率。明显的刺激作用跨越了从≤0.0001 到 200 mg L-1 的多种污染物浓度范围,反应幅度随浓度和暴露时间的长短而变化,从不到一天的 16% 到 2-4 周内的平均 27%。各种调节防御系统(39-46%)和光合生理(10-12%)以及决定生产力和产量(19-22%)的机制都得到了增强,最终导致种群增长(细胞密度;21%)、增长率(15%)和存活率(39%)的提高。重要的是,在 mcyB 过度表达(24%)、N(26%)和 Ca(17%)增强的同时,细胞内和细胞外的微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-LW、MC-RR、MC-YR)及其释放富集了 26-29%。然而,刺激程度取决于特定的 MC。这些发现不仅填补了科学界在污染物诱导刺激的基本机制方面的空白,而且为改进有害藻华管理和修复策略提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
In-situ silver (Ag) clusters strengthed spatial separation of photogenerated charge-carriers for efficient photocatalytic tetracycline antibiotic purification
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121106
Zhili Chen , Li Huang , Xingmeng Zhou , Yunxiang Zhang , Xin Chen , Chenliang Zhou , Hazem Abdelsalam , Wei Chen , Zhongjie Wang , Qinfang Zhang
Metal cluster co-catalysts have been widely considered as an effective strategy to address the energy crisis and environmental problems owning to the efficient light absorption and the enhanced separation of electron hole pairs. In this contribution, via a facile in-situ photoreduction technique, the Ag/(BiO)2CO3 composites were synthesized to degrade the antibiotic pollutant tetracycline (TC). The incorporation of silver (Ag) clusters on (BiO)2CO3 surface can form the built-in electric field (IEF) at the Mott-Schottky junction interface and facilitate the migration of photo-generated electrons from (BiO)2CO3 to Ag clusters. Simultaneously, the synergy of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect also strengthens the light absorption capacity, and finally improving photocatalytic activities of composite materials. The optimal Ag/(BiO)2CO3 composites exhibit excellent TC degradation, which is approximately 6.7 times than that of the pure (BiO)2CO3. Eventually, the potential degradation pathway of TC is proposed and the toxicity of the intermediates is also evaluated. This work motivates the design of highly efficient metal cluster co-catalysts and widens their potential applications in the environmental remediation.
{"title":"In-situ silver (Ag) clusters strengthed spatial separation of photogenerated charge-carriers for efficient photocatalytic tetracycline antibiotic purification","authors":"Zhili Chen ,&nbsp;Li Huang ,&nbsp;Xingmeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Chenliang Zhou ,&nbsp;Hazem Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongjie Wang ,&nbsp;Qinfang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal cluster co-catalysts have been widely considered as an effective strategy to address the energy crisis and environmental problems owning to the efficient light absorption and the enhanced separation of electron hole pairs. In this contribution, via a facile in-situ photoreduction technique, the Ag/(BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> composites were synthesized to degrade the antibiotic pollutant tetracycline (TC). The incorporation of silver (Ag) clusters on (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> surface can form the built-in electric field (IEF) at the Mott-Schottky junction interface and facilitate the migration of photo-generated electrons from (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> to Ag clusters. Simultaneously, the synergy of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect also strengthens the light absorption capacity, and finally improving photocatalytic activities of composite materials. The optimal Ag/(BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> composites exhibit excellent TC degradation, which is approximately 6.7 times than that of the pure (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Eventually, the potential degradation pathway of TC is proposed and the toxicity of the intermediates is also evaluated. This work motivates the design of highly efficient metal cluster co-catalysts and widens their potential applications in the environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121106"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flooding drives plant diversity–biomass relationships in riparian zones of the three Gorges reservoir area
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121101
Jie Zheng , Songlin Zhang , Dongdong Ding , Changxiao Li
Understanding the mechanisms underlying diversity-biomass relationships (DBRs) under hydrological stress is particularly valuable for predicting how increased flooding will impact biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, it remains unclear how dam-induced extreme flooding influences the biodiversity effect on aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) in riparian ecosystems, and how plant traits and edaphic factors mediate this influence. Here, we surveyed plant diversity, plant traits, AGB, and BGB in 321 quadrats at 107 transects along the hydrological gradients in the Three Gorges riparian zones. We employed structure equation models (SEM) to elucidate the causal mechanisms among flooding, plant diversity, functional traits, soil nutrients, and biomass. We found that AGB was positively associated with the community-weighted means of plant height, leaf length, and leaf dry matter content, as well as the functional dispersion of leaf length, suggesting the simultaneous occurrence of positive selection and complementarity effects. Conversely, BGB was positively associated with species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity, highlighting the importance of species complementarity for BGB. Moreover, our SEM explained 17%–47% of AGB and 18%–33% of BGB, with greater explanatory power at the transect scale than the quadrat scale. At both scales, increased flooding stresses directly reduced AGB and BGB, while plant traits (e.g., plant height and leaf dry matter content) and soil nutrients primarily mediated the effects of flooding on AGB and BGB, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct mechanisms driving DBRs for AGB and BGB, highlighting that DBRs are enhanced in habitats with greater heterogeneity shaped by dam-induced hydrological changes.
了解水文压力下多样性-生物量关系(DBR)的内在机制对于预测洪水增加将如何影响生物多样性和生态系统功能尤为重要。然而,目前仍不清楚大坝引发的特大洪水如何影响河岸生态系统中生物多样性对地上生物量(AGB)和地下生物量(BGB)的影响,以及植物性状和环境因素如何介导这种影响。在此,我们对三峡河岸带水文梯度上 107 个断面的 321 个四分小区的植物多样性、植物性状、AGB 和 BGB 进行了调查。我们采用结构方程模型(SEM)来阐明洪水、植物多样性、功能性状、土壤养分和生物量之间的因果机制。我们发现,AGB与植株高度、叶片长度和叶片干物质含量的群落加权平均值以及叶片长度的功能离散度呈正相关,表明同时存在正向选择和互补效应。相反,BGB 与物种丰富度、香农多样性和辛普森多样性呈正相关,突出了物种互补性对 BGB 的重要性。此外,我们的 SEM 对 AGB 的解释率为 17%-47%,对 BGB 的解释率为 18%-33%,横断面尺度的解释力大于四分点尺度。在这两个尺度上,洪水胁迫的增加直接降低了AGB和BGB,而植物性状(如植株高度和叶片干物质含量)和土壤养分分别主要介导了洪水对AGB和BGB的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了AGB和BGB的DBRs的不同驱动机制,强调了在大坝诱导的水文变化所形成的具有更大异质性的生境中,DBRs会增强。
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引用次数: 0
The droplet and atmospheric dispersion drift (DAD-drift) model – A modular approach for estimating spray drift at the landscape scale
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121104
Mike Devin Fuchs , Sebastian Gebler , Andreas Lorke
Spray drift describes the off-target movement of pesticides by wind during or immediately after application, and its mechanism is highly complex and influenced by many factors. Spray drift modeling has become an increasingly important tool as spray drift field experiments are very expensive to conduct. Many modeling approaches are available to describe spray drift deposition after aerial and ground application at the field scale. We have developed a novel modeling approach to predict spray drift deposition after ground application at the landscape scale. The Droplet and Atmospheric Dispersion drift (DAD-drift) model combines a mechanistic droplet model, a micrometeorological model, and a three-dimensional Gaussian diffusion model. It is an iteration of the two-dimensional tilting plume approach and allows for the prediction of spray drift deposition from ground spray applications while accounting for environmental conditions, spray nozzle characteristics, and spray application characteristics. The DAD-drift model was evaluated against two field trial studies for a wide range of environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, humidity, wind speed) and four spray nozzles (fine to ultra-coarse). Model predictions were in very good agreement (R2 = 0.931, RSR = 0.260) with spray drift observations from these studies, demonstrating the applicability of the model over a wide range of conditions. During a one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis, the model showed clear and understandable behavior when input parameters were varied. Droplet size distribution, boom height, temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric turbulence were identified as the most important factors.
喷洒漂移是指农药在施用过程中或施用后随风向目标外移动,其机理非常复杂,受多种因素影响。由于进行喷雾漂移现场实验的成本非常昂贵,喷雾漂移建模已成为一种日益重要的工具。有许多建模方法可用于描述田间尺度的空中和地面施药后的喷雾漂移沉积。我们开发了一种新颖的建模方法,用于预测景观尺度地面施药后的喷雾漂移沉积。液滴和大气扩散漂移(DAD-drift)模型结合了一个机理液滴模型、一个微气象模型和一个三维高斯扩散模型。它是对二维倾斜羽流方法的迭代,可预测地面喷雾应用中的喷雾漂移沉积,同时考虑环境条件、喷嘴特性和喷雾应用特性。DAD 漂移模型根据两项实地试验研究进行了评估,研究涉及多种环境条件(如温度、湿度、风速)和四种喷嘴(精细至超粗)。模型预测结果与这些研究中的喷雾漂移观测结果非常吻合(R2 = 0.931,RSR = 0.260),表明该模型适用于各种条件。在一次性敏感性分析中,当输入参数发生变化时,模型显示出清晰易懂的行为。液滴大小分布、吊杆高度、温度、风速和大气湍流被认为是最重要的因素。
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引用次数: 0
An electron delocalization with n-π∗ transitions of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst for visible-light-driven water decontamination
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121093
Yan Ke , Mingzhu Yuan , Xinglong Li , Yuan Liu , Yangyang Li , Yuanxu Liu , Xiangang Lin , Qinghua Liu , Yupeng Yuan
Improving electron delocalization and optical absorption properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is essential for enhancing the performance of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Herein, an enhanced electron delocalization with activation n-π∗ electronic transitions of g-C3N4 (TCNm) by embedding electron-rich pyrimidine units into the g-C3N4 skeleton was successfully fabricated. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the precise incorporation of pyrimidine units into the g-C3N4 skeleton reduces the degree of overlap of positive and negative charge centers, enhances the delocalization of conjugate electrons, and facilitates carrier separation. Furthermore, this novel structure introduced additional n-π∗ electronic transitions, extending the light-absorbing edge beyond 700 nm. As a result, after 60 min of light irradiation, TCNm exhibited the highest kinetic constant (0.0287 min−1) in the degradation of tetracycline, which was ∼3.8 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. In particular, the optimal antibacterial rate for Staphylococcus aureus reached 88.3% after 4 h of light exposure. These findings illustrate the remarkable potential of TCNm in addressing antibiotic and microbial contamination in water.
{"title":"An electron delocalization with n-π∗ transitions of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst for visible-light-driven water decontamination","authors":"Yan Ke ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinglong Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Li ,&nbsp;Yuanxu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangang Lin ,&nbsp;Qinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Yupeng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving electron delocalization and optical absorption properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is essential for enhancing the performance of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Herein, an enhanced electron delocalization with activation n-π∗ electronic transitions of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (TCN<sub>m</sub>) by embedding electron-rich pyrimidine units into the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> skeleton was successfully fabricated. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the precise incorporation of pyrimidine units into the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> skeleton reduces the degree of overlap of positive and negative charge centers, enhances the delocalization of conjugate electrons, and facilitates carrier separation. Furthermore, this novel structure introduced additional n-π∗ electronic transitions, extending the light-absorbing edge beyond 700 nm. As a result, after 60 min of light irradiation, TCN<sub>m</sub> exhibited the highest kinetic constant (0.0287 min<sup>−1</sup>) in the degradation of tetracycline, which was ∼3.8 times higher than that of pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. In particular, the optimal antibacterial rate for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> reached 88.3% after 4 h of light exposure. These findings illustrate the remarkable potential of TCN<sub>m</sub> in addressing antibiotic and microbial contamination in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunization thresholds to change the overall level and the effect of cases on deaths by COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women
IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121047
Alessandro José Queiroz Sarnaglia , Luciana Graziela de Godoi , Nátaly Adriana Jiménez Monroy , Fabio Alexander Fajardo Molinares , Bartolomeu Zamprogno , Diego Roberto Colombo Dias , Agatha Sacramento Rodrigues
Since the first officially reported case of COVID-19, the scientific community has spent much of its time understanding the dynamics of the virus. Several studies have indicated that some population segments are especially susceptible to COVID-19 complications, including pregnant and postpartum women. Although recommendations such as social distancing, proper sanitation, and the use of protection masks were crucial in slowing down the virus dissemination, the protection provided by vaccination is undeniable, especially for this particular group. Concerning deaths by COVID-19, it is natural to assume that daily deaths are related to reported hospitalized cases and to expect that, as vaccination increases, this effect gradually decreases. As far as we know, no other studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, this study introduces a novel generalized linear model with segmented interaction to fill this gap. The model was used to estimate the vaccination thresholds required to change the overall level and the daily hospitalized cases effect on daily deaths from COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women reported between January 3rd, 2021, and January 1st, 2022. Inference methods for the proposed model were developed. The results obtained indicate that, in the first period from May 25th to July 1st, 2021 (between 14,420 and 271,570 first doses, respectively), vaccination caused a significant gradual decrease in the effect of reported hospitalized cases on fatalities and, in a second period from July 25th to October 13th, 2021 (between 653,150 and 968,880 first doses, respectively), it induced a gradual reduction of the overall level of deaths. Using the average number of cases as a reference, during the period of observations, the expected number of deaths reduced from 6.16 to 0.36, a decrease of 94.16%. The importance of learning from COVID-19 data must be highlighted, as it provides us with critical insights to better prepare for future health crises.
{"title":"Immunization thresholds to change the overall level and the effect of cases on deaths by COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women","authors":"Alessandro José Queiroz Sarnaglia ,&nbsp;Luciana Graziela de Godoi ,&nbsp;Nátaly Adriana Jiménez Monroy ,&nbsp;Fabio Alexander Fajardo Molinares ,&nbsp;Bartolomeu Zamprogno ,&nbsp;Diego Roberto Colombo Dias ,&nbsp;Agatha Sacramento Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the first officially reported case of COVID-19, the scientific community has spent much of its time understanding the dynamics of the virus. Several studies have indicated that some population segments are especially susceptible to COVID-19 complications, including pregnant and postpartum women. Although recommendations such as social distancing, proper sanitation, and the use of protection masks were crucial in slowing down the virus dissemination, the protection provided by vaccination is undeniable, especially for this particular group. Concerning deaths by COVID-19, it is natural to assume that daily deaths are related to reported hospitalized cases and to expect that, as vaccination increases, this effect gradually decreases. As far as we know, no other studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, this study introduces a novel generalized linear model with segmented interaction to fill this gap. The model was used to estimate the vaccination thresholds required to change the overall level and the daily hospitalized cases effect on daily deaths from COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women reported between January 3rd, 2021, and January 1st, 2022. Inference methods for the proposed model were developed. The results obtained indicate that, in the first period from May 25th to July 1st, 2021 (between 14,420 and 271,570 first doses, respectively), vaccination caused a significant gradual decrease in the effect of reported hospitalized cases on fatalities and, in a second period from July 25th to October 13th, 2021 (between 653,150 and 968,880 first doses, respectively), it induced a gradual reduction of the overall level of deaths. Using the average number of cases as a reference, during the period of observations, the expected number of deaths reduced from 6.16 to 0.36, a decrease of 94.16%. The importance of learning from COVID-19 data must be highlighted, as it provides us with critical insights to better prepare for future health crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121047"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Environmental Research
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