Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2021152.02
W. A. Khan, Syed Tehseen Jawaid, M. A. Shamim
The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.
{"title":"Global Illicit Financial Flows: Where does Dirty Money from Developing Countries become legal?","authors":"W. A. Khan, Syed Tehseen Jawaid, M. A. Shamim","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2021152.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2021152.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68573076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20547/jms.2014.2007105
M. Adil, Faizan-ur-Rehman Qaiser
The relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and occupational stress has gained substantial attention in recent years. The objective of this study is two folds: a) to analyze the impact of LMX on occupational stress; and b) to investigate whether job involvement mediates the positive relationship between LMX and occupational stress. A useable sample of 342 responses is drawn from a leading multinational engineering company of the energy sector in Pakistan. LMX is measured by four dimensions i.e. affect, loyalty, perceived contribution and professional respect, whereas three dimensions are used to measure occupational stress i.e. personal resources, personal strain and occupational role. A measurement model is constructed with high validity and reliability. Following a segmentation approach, four hypotheses are tested using latent variable scores (LVS) through a variance-based partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings suggest that a) LMX shows a significant but on contrary to our expectation, a positive effect on occupational stress; b) LMX has no statistically significant effect on job involvement; c) job involvement has significant positive effect on occupational stress; however, d) job involvement does not mediate the relationship between LMX and occupational stress. The significant original contribution of this study in the leadership and management literature is that a high-quality LMX relationship can substantially increase the level of occupational stress. This research finding is emerged from the employees working in a large multinational engineering company of a developing country. Findings and managerial implications are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of Leader-Member Exchange Relationship on Occupational Stress in the Energy Sector of Pakistan: A Mediating Role of Job Involvement","authors":"M. Adil, Faizan-ur-Rehman Qaiser","doi":"10.20547/jms.2014.2007105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.2007105","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and occupational stress has gained substantial attention in recent years. The objective of this study is two folds: a) to analyze the impact of LMX on occupational stress; and b) to investigate whether job involvement mediates the positive relationship between LMX and occupational stress. A useable sample of 342 responses is drawn from a leading multinational engineering company of the energy sector in Pakistan. LMX is measured by four dimensions i.e. affect, loyalty, perceived contribution and professional respect, whereas three dimensions are used to measure occupational stress i.e. personal resources, personal strain and occupational role. A measurement model is constructed with high validity and reliability. Following a segmentation approach, four hypotheses are tested using latent variable scores (LVS) through a variance-based partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings suggest that a) LMX shows a significant but on contrary to our expectation, a positive effect on occupational stress; b) LMX has no statistically significant effect on job involvement; c) job involvement has significant positive effect on occupational stress; however, d) job involvement does not mediate the relationship between LMX and occupational stress. The significant original contribution of this study in the leadership and management literature is that a high-quality LMX relationship can substantially increase the level of occupational stress. This research finding is emerged from the employees working in a large multinational engineering company of a developing country. Findings and managerial implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90231098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020142.02
Malkah Noor Kiani, Syed Hussain Mustafa Gillani
{"title":"What Brings the Innovation in Business Model(s)? Evidence from Pakistan Mobile Banking Sector","authors":"Malkah Noor Kiani, Syed Hussain Mustafa Gillani","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020142.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020142.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"187-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020142.01
M. A. Shamim, Farooq-e-Azam Cheema, Mohammad-Ali Omer, D. Godil
{"title":"The Study of Water Consumption Behavior Under the Societal, Industrial and Environmental Dynamics: A Confirmatory Analysis from the Metropolitan City of Karachi","authors":"M. A. Shamim, Farooq-e-Azam Cheema, Mohammad-Ali Omer, D. Godil","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020142.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020142.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"159-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020141.01
A. Hasnain, S. Raza, U. Qureshi
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of personality traits of consumers regarding their green buying intention by measuring the mediation effects of eco-labels and environmental attitude along with the moderation of gender. To the researchers’ best knowledge, there is a lack of research in developing countries in explaining influence of rarely researched factor such as loyalty proneness on green buying intention. To uncover this gap, using survey method data from a sample of 434 has been collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among employees of the different national and multinational companies. Findings suggest that consumer personality traits except collectivism have a significant impact on Green buying intention. Furthermore, mediation of ecolabels and environmental attitude along with moderation of gender has a strong impact on consumer’s green buying intention. These findings depicted that green market is evolving in developing countries, so it has created an open avenue for marketers to better grab the opportunities from green products and focus on establishing that new category of green products in Pakistan. Moreover, present study helps to eliminate the research gap by evaluating the interaction effect of gender with environmental attitude and eco-labels on green buying intention.
{"title":"The Impact of Personal and Cultural Factors on Green Buying Intentions with Mediating Roles of Environmental Attitude and Eco-Labels as Well as Gender as a Moderator","authors":"A. Hasnain, S. Raza, U. Qureshi","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020141.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020141.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of personality traits of consumers regarding their green buying intention by measuring the mediation effects of eco-labels and environmental attitude along with the moderation of gender. To the researchers’ best knowledge, there is a lack of research in developing countries in explaining influence of rarely researched factor such as loyalty proneness on green buying intention. To uncover this gap, using survey method data from a sample of 434 has been collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among employees of the different national and multinational companies. Findings suggest that consumer personality traits except collectivism have a significant impact on Green buying intention. Furthermore, mediation of ecolabels and environmental attitude along with moderation of gender has a strong impact on consumer’s green buying intention. These findings depicted that green market is evolving in developing countries, so it has created an open avenue for marketers to better grab the opportunities from green products and focus on establishing that new category of green products in Pakistan. Moreover, present study helps to eliminate the research gap by evaluating the interaction effect of gender with environmental attitude and eco-labels on green buying intention.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020141.03
Muhammad Imran, A. Raziq, H. M. N. Saleem, Mohid Khaliq
The contribution of Pakistan furniture industry in exports have declined in last few years. This situation is alarming for industry and country economic growth and overall performance of the industry. The main objective of study is to investigate the moderating role of the business network (BN) on the relationship among total quality management (TQM), export market orientation (EMO) and company export performance (CEP) of furniture industry of Pakistan. The study has adopted the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to assess the 119 responses from the furniture industry. The findings of the study shown the significant relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. More importantly, the study-initiated BN moderating effect on the relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. However, this study found that BN is the influential variable to enhance the effectiveness of EMO and TQM which leads to higher CEP. Therefore, the present is helping to furniture firms that they can effectively implement the EMO, TQM and BN strategies to increase the CEP in Pakistan context, whereas CEP reported
{"title":"The Moderating effect of Business Network on the Relationship Between Export Market Orientation, Total Quality Management and Company Export Performance: Evidence from Furniture Industry of Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Imran, A. Raziq, H. M. N. Saleem, Mohid Khaliq","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020141.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020141.03","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of Pakistan furniture industry in exports have declined in last few years. This situation is alarming for industry and country economic growth and overall performance of the industry. The main objective of study is to investigate the moderating role of the business network (BN) on the relationship among total quality management (TQM), export market orientation (EMO) and company export performance (CEP) of furniture industry of Pakistan. The study has adopted the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to assess the 119 responses from the furniture industry. The findings of the study shown the significant relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. More importantly, the study-initiated BN moderating effect on the relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. However, this study found that BN is the influential variable to enhance the effectiveness of EMO and TQM which leads to higher CEP. Therefore, the present is helping to furniture firms that they can effectively implement the EMO, TQM and BN strategies to increase the CEP in Pakistan context, whereas CEP reported","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020141.08
S. Raza, K. Khan, S. Rafi
: In online education, students have been observed to face a few barriers in the overall learning and experience such as absence of physical presence of the instructor, lack of instructor-student relationship, lack of student satisfaction and perceived learning. This research was conducted to study a few key variables in online education that may or may not have their effect on the perceived knowledge gain by students such as teacher self-disclosure, social presence and teacher-student relationship satisfaction. This study is significant because it will provide important variables to universities offering online courses which may assist them in enhancing the learning process. Research shows factors that will positively impact the relationship between teacher and students. Through convenience sampling technique total of 307 responses were collected through a close ended questionnaire from the students of virtual university in Karachi, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (PLE-SEM) was used to evaluate the relation between the variables and co-relational design was used to find out the correlation between the 4 variables used in our study. The results of our study showed a positive and significant relation among all the variables, however, p value of social presence and relationship satisfaction didn?t support the relation of both variables with each other.
{"title":"Online Education & MOOCs: Teacher Self-Disclosure in Online Education and a Mediating Role of Social Presence","authors":"S. Raza, K. Khan, S. Rafi","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020141.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020141.08","url":null,"abstract":": In online education, students have been observed to face a few barriers in the overall learning and experience such as absence of physical presence of the instructor, lack of instructor-student relationship, lack of student satisfaction and perceived learning. This research was conducted to study a few key variables in online education that may or may not have their effect on the perceived knowledge gain by students such as teacher self-disclosure, social presence and teacher-student relationship satisfaction. This study is significant because it will provide important variables to universities offering online courses which may assist them in enhancing the learning process. Research shows factors that will positively impact the relationship between teacher and students. Through convenience sampling technique total of 307 responses were collected through a close ended questionnaire from the students of virtual university in Karachi, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (PLE-SEM) was used to evaluate the relation between the variables and co-relational design was used to find out the correlation between the 4 variables used in our study. The results of our study showed a positive and significant relation among all the variables, however, p value of social presence and relationship satisfaction didn?t support the relation of both variables with each other.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020142.06
Qamar Abbas, H. Soomro, A. Shar
{"title":"Role of Affinity Seeking Behavior Strategies in predicting Organizational Dissent mediated by Empowerment Justice among Teaching Assistants/Research Associates of various Public Sector Universities of Sindh","authors":"Qamar Abbas, H. Soomro, A. Shar","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020142.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020142.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020141.05
Sania Usmani, Ali Ejaz
Counterfeiting and purchase of counterfeits has been a global issue since years and it seems to be growing, it gives rise to criminality and many other economic problems. It does not only affect economic environment but ecological environment as well. Hence, this research aims to find out the factors that make people purchase counterfeits and factors that affect green consumption with respect to materialism. The purpose of our research is to emphasize on the factors namely; Self-Esteem, Social Media Usage, Religiosity and Individual values specifically Self-Enhancement, Self-Transcendence Values that affect purchase of counterfeit and green consumption and their relationship with three aspects of materialism. Findings illustrate new relations, which showed that materialism mediates the relationship between Social Media Usage and Purchase of counterfeits; Self-Enhancement Values and Purchase of counterfeits; Self-Esteem and Purchase of counterfeits and Religiosity and Purchase of counterfeits.
{"title":"Consumer Buying Attitudes towards Counterfeit and Green Products: Application of Social Comparison Theory and Materialism","authors":"Sania Usmani, Ali Ejaz","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020141.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020141.05","url":null,"abstract":"Counterfeiting and purchase of counterfeits has been a global issue since years and it seems to be growing, it gives rise to criminality and many other economic problems. It does not only affect economic environment but ecological environment as well. Hence, this research aims to find out the factors that make people purchase counterfeits and factors that affect green consumption with respect to materialism. The purpose of our research is to emphasize on the factors namely; Self-Esteem, Social Media Usage, Religiosity and Individual values specifically Self-Enhancement, Self-Transcendence Values that affect purchase of counterfeit and green consumption and their relationship with three aspects of materialism. Findings illustrate new relations, which showed that materialism mediates the relationship between Social Media Usage and Purchase of counterfeits; Self-Enhancement Values and Purchase of counterfeits; Self-Esteem and Purchase of counterfeits and Religiosity and Purchase of counterfeits.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"82-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68571968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2020142.07
M. Bashir, N. Ali, Tariq Jalees
: The role of consumers in brand management is increasing day by day due to rapid advancements in technology. Communication related to brand has been shifted from one-way (uni-directional) communication (mass marketing) to two-way (bidirectional) communication through social media. Hence, researchers and marketers are putting their utmost efforts to explore and understand the phenomenon. Present study is aimed to measure the impact of online brand community participation on brand equity elements. Conceptual framework was developed based on the available literature. Data was collected form 1811 respondents who were the students of different business schools at Karachi. We took the constructs and scale items from previous studies. Reliability and validity were re-ascertained. SEM was applied through AMOS. Results showed that participation in online brand communities has significant impact on the three brand equity dimensions i.e. “brand awareness, brand association, and perceived quality”. Both brand association and brand perceived quality significantly affect the brand loyalty. The relationship between consumer brand awareness and consumer brand loyalty was insignificant. The findings revealed a good overall model fit as the fit indices were meeting the required values.
{"title":"Impact of Brand Community Participation on Brand Equity Dimension in Luxury Apparel Industry - A Structural Equation Modeling Approach","authors":"M. Bashir, N. Ali, Tariq Jalees","doi":"10.21621/sajms.2020142.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020142.07","url":null,"abstract":": The role of consumers in brand management is increasing day by day due to rapid advancements in technology. Communication related to brand has been shifted from one-way (uni-directional) communication (mass marketing) to two-way (bidirectional) communication through social media. Hence, researchers and marketers are putting their utmost efforts to explore and understand the phenomenon. Present study is aimed to measure the impact of online brand community participation on brand equity elements. Conceptual framework was developed based on the available literature. Data was collected form 1811 respondents who were the students of different business schools at Karachi. We took the constructs and scale items from previous studies. Reliability and validity were re-ascertained. SEM was applied through AMOS. Results showed that participation in online brand communities has significant impact on the three brand equity dimensions i.e. “brand awareness, brand association, and perceived quality”. Both brand association and brand perceived quality significantly affect the brand loyalty. The relationship between consumer brand awareness and consumer brand loyalty was insignificant. The findings revealed a good overall model fit as the fit indices were meeting the required values.","PeriodicalId":31323,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Management Sciences","volume":"29 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68572419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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