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Successful Entrepreneurial Process as Contributor towards Business Performance in Banking: Moderating Role of Passion for Inventing 成功的创业过程对银行经营绩效的贡献:发明热情的调节作用
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21621/SAJMS.2019131.02
M. Altaf, W. Hameed, Shahid Nadeem, A. Shahzad
In last decade, banking landscape has faced different constraints and witnessed significant changes in Pakistan. That is the reason, the economy of Pakistan and banking sector has faced several challenges. Pakistani banking sector is lacking in entrepreneurial activities, in reflection, banking industry is suffering from low performance. To resolve this issue of lower level of entrepreneurial activities, the current study comes up with the prime objective to highlight the significant entrepreneurial factors to boost up the banking sector performance. To achieve this objective, this study adopted the survey approach to collect the data by using area cluster sampling. Total numbers of 500 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of banking sector from different localities of Pakistan. The results of the study found that entrepreneurial factors such as management support, work discretion, entrepreneurial education, previous entrepreneurial experience and time availability have significant positive impact on business performance in banking sector. Moreover, it is found that entrepreneurship passion for inventing moderating the relationship between these factors and business performance, except time availability. Thus, the current study is contributing to the body of knowledge by determining the entrepreneurial success factors in banking sector. For the reason, this study is beneficial for practitioners to boost up the banking sector performance in Pakistan.
在过去十年中,巴基斯坦银行业面临着不同的限制,并发生了重大变化。这就是为什么巴基斯坦的经济和银行业面临着一些挑战。巴基斯坦银行业缺乏创业活动,反映出银行业业绩不佳。为了解决这一创业活动水平较低的问题,本研究提出了突出创业因素对银行业绩效提升的重要作用的主要目标。为了实现这一目标,本研究采用调查方法,采用区域整群抽样的方式收集数据。共向巴基斯坦不同地区的银行部门雇员分发了500份调查问卷。研究结果发现,管理支持、工作裁量权、创业教育程度、以往创业经历和时间可用性等创业因素对银行业经营绩效有显著的正向影响。此外,除了时间可用性外,创业发明热情对这些因素与企业绩效之间的关系有调节作用。因此,当前的研究通过确定银行业的创业成功因素,为知识体系做出了贡献。因此,本研究有利于从业者提高巴基斯坦银行业的绩效。
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引用次数: 36
An Empirical Analysis of the Buyer’s Perspective of Gaining Competitive Advantage through Supplier Development 买方通过供应商发展获得竞争优势视角的实证分析
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21621/SAJMS.2019131.04
A. Manzoor, N. Khan, K. Adeel
This study analyzes how buyer firm’s supplier development efforts can help achieve buyer’s competitive advantage. The main goal of this analysis is to understand how various supplier development efforts could impact the operational performance of a buyer. The study used the survey responses from consumer electronic businesses in Karachi. The study developed a model and used these responses to test hypothesized relationships among various dimensions of supplier development and buyer’s competitive advantage. The study found that the two most significant factors affecting competitive advantage and operational performance of buyer were joint actions and trust. The study provides important implications regarding supplier development and buyer competitive advantage for both supply chain managers and academicians.
本研究分析了买方企业的供应商发展努力如何帮助买方获得竞争优势。此分析的主要目标是了解各种供应商开发工作如何影响买方的运营绩效。这项研究使用了卡拉奇消费电子企业的调查结果。该研究开发了一个模型,并使用这些反应来测试供应商发展和买方竞争优势的各个维度之间的假设关系。研究发现,影响买方竞争优势和经营绩效最显著的两个因素是联合行动和信任。本研究对供应链管理者和学者提供了供应商发展和买方竞争优势的重要启示。
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引用次数: 1
The Future of Branding 品牌的未来
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.196777
N. Virk
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students in Pakistan 巴基斯坦商科学生创业意向的决定因素
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.20547/JMS.2014.1805202
Asnani Usman, F. Ahmed
This research is aimed to study the role of demographic and external factors on the intentions of business students in Pakistan to become future entrepreneurs. Self-developed semi-structured questionnaires were prepared and data was collected from the final year students in two leading business institutes of Pakistan. The primary data collected during interviews and focus group sessions were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings and analysis of this study suggest that we cannot ignore the importance of any of the defined factors as stated in the propositions on the development of entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Pakistan. Neither family business, nor entrepreneurial education alone plays an independent role in building up the intentions to generate a new idea or start one's own business. It is a complete package of individual characteristics, influence of family, friends and the opportunities available in the surroundings that mutually act as motivators to plan and become entrepreneurs. Although much research has been conducted on identifying the personality, demographic and social factors in developed countries, there still exists a need to specify which elements play the most influential role in shaping the decision to start a firm particularly in a developing country like Pakistan. This research was an attempt to fill this gap by providing qualitative analysis and suggestions to the educational institutions, teachers, consultants, advisors and policymakers.
本研究旨在研究人口和外部因素对巴基斯坦商科学生成为未来企业家意向的作用。准备了自行开发的半结构化问卷,并收集了来自巴基斯坦两所主要商业学院的最后一年学生的数据。通过专题分析对访谈和焦点小组会议期间收集的主要数据进行分析。本研究的发现和分析表明,我们不能忽视任何一个定义因素的重要性,如在巴基斯坦的商科学生的创业意向的发展命题中所述。无论是家族企业还是创业教育,都不能单独在培养产生新想法或创办自己企业的意愿方面发挥独立作用。它是个人特征、家庭、朋友的影响以及周围环境中可用的机会的完整组合,这些因素相互作用,激励人们进行规划并成为企业家。虽然在确定发达国家的个性、人口和社会因素方面进行了大量研究,但仍然需要具体说明哪些因素在决定开办公司方面发挥了最具影响力的作用,特别是在巴基斯坦这样的发展中国家。本研究试图通过向教育机构、教师、顾问、顾问和政策制定者提供定性分析和建议来填补这一空白。
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引用次数: 3
Nurturing Women Empowerment? A Phenomenological Study of the Linkages between Women, Micro Entrepreneurship and Access to Microcredit 培育女性赋权?妇女、微型企业和获得小额信贷之间关系的现象学研究
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.20547/jms.2014.1805201
S. Qazi, M. Z. Rashidi
This is a phenomenological study which has explored the structural meaning of empowerment from the women perspective, and secondly, it would discuss the tie between women, access to microcredit, and micro-entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study to extract the women lived experiences that how they feel empowered when the financial inclusion is entered into their lives. There is a strong need of women empowerment because of cultural influences, social taboos, and religious misleading interpretations which lead women towards the journey of disempowerment. This study is based on the abductive research strategy being qualitative in nature; hermeneutics phenomenological philosophy is applied for interpreting the women in-depth interviews. The participants are selected through non-probability purposive maximum variation sampling, 46 women were interviewed from 17 districts of Sindh till the saturation level. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis, the interviews are analyzed through which empowerment meaning constructed that women who feel and realize financial stability are empowered; also findings show the linkage between the women, micro-entrepreneurship, and access to microcredit and these in combination nurture empowerment. This study provides the evidence on the basis of women experiences as empowerment phenomenon can be realized by the women due to its categorical nature and it varies culture to culture. Microfinance practitioners and policymakers can design strategies, products, framework, and training according to the specific needs noticed in this study.
这是一项现象学研究,从妇女的角度探讨了赋权的结构意义,其次,它将讨论妇女、获得小额信贷和微型创业之间的联系。本研究的主要目的是提取女性的生活经历,即当金融包容性进入她们的生活时,她们是如何感受到权力的。由于文化影响、社会禁忌和宗教误导的解释导致妇女走向丧失权力的道路,因此迫切需要赋予妇女权力。本研究基于定性的溯因研究策略;运用解释学现象学哲学对女性深度访谈进行解读。参与者通过非概率有目的的最大变异抽样选择,从信德省17个地区采访了46名妇女,直到饱和水平。通过解释性现象学分析,对访谈进行分析,通过访谈构建赋权意义,即感受到并实现金融稳定的女性被赋权;研究结果还表明,妇女、微型企业和获得小额信贷之间存在联系,这些联系结合起来会促进赋权。本研究以女性经验为基础提供证据,因为赋权现象具有范畴性,且因文化而异,因此女性可以实现赋权。小额信贷从业人员和政策制定者可以根据本研究中注意到的具体需求设计策略、产品、框架和培训。
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引用次数: 2
Customer Attitude towards Online Ads of Smartphone Brands: A Netnographic Analysis of User Generated Comments on YouTube 消费者对智能手机品牌在线广告的态度:基于YouTube用户评论的网络学分析
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.20547/JMS.2014.1805203
Yasir Rashid, M. Zeeshan
Today ads are no more one-sided communication but a mixture of online and offline channels developed for the sake of direct interaction with the communities. YouTube in specific and other online video platforms in general have shifted paradigm of TV commercials altogether for many brands.Just like other product brands, smartphone brands have also their presence on social media including YouTube and have their channels at it. The smartphone online ads on YouTube gain millions of views, thousands of likes, and dislikes, comments and replies to these comments.However, these quantitative metrics cannot necessarily be seen as an indicator of effectiveness of online video ads. There is a need to have some qualitative and exploratory evaluations to know about viewer's attitude toward the online brands of smartphones. This netnographic (ethnographic) research study is examining viewers' attitude toward smartphone brands ads. 13 video ads of 4 popular smartphone brands(Samsung, Huawei, Oppo, and Q Mobile) in Pakistan have been taken with 2926 viewer's comments and their replies. The findings are helping in the assessment of viewers (consumers) comments on the basis of cognitive and emotive processing and supportive and antagonistic stance toward online smartphone ads as well as brands. The research outcomes have implications for marketing managers specifically of smartphone brands to use smartphone video ads as a part of their viral marketing campaign. The research paper is also discussing the limitations and future research directions.
今天的广告不再是单方面的沟通,而是为了与社区直接互动而开发的线上和线下渠道的混合。特别是YouTube和其他在线视频平台,已经彻底改变了许多品牌的电视广告模式。与其他产品品牌一样,智能手机品牌也在包括YouTube在内的社交媒体上出现,并在其中建立了自己的频道。YouTube上的智能手机在线广告获得了数百万的观看次数,成千上万的喜欢和不喜欢,评论和回复这些评论。然而,这些量化指标并不一定能作为在线视频广告效果的指标。我们需要进行一些定性和探索性的评估,以了解观众对智能手机在线品牌的态度。这项网络学(人种学)研究调查了观众对智能手机品牌广告的态度。在巴基斯坦,4个流行智能手机品牌(三星、华为、Oppo和Q Mobile)的13个视频广告被2926名观众评论和回复。这一研究结果有助于评估观众(消费者)对网络智能手机广告和品牌的认知和情感处理以及支持和反对立场的评价。研究结果对营销经理,特别是智能手机品牌的营销经理,将智能手机视频广告作为病毒式营销活动的一部分具有启示意义。本文还讨论了研究的局限性和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 5
Organizational Context Factors Influencing Procedural Justice in Performance Management System: A Research Framework 组织情境因素对绩效管理系统程序公正的影响:一个研究框架
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.20547/JMS.2014.1805204
M. Shahzad
Research in the past has highlighted the need for exploring organizational contextual factors that impact the overall performance management system in general and performance appraisal system in particular. Current research has tried to develop a comprehensive framework of organizations’ contextual factors that can impact procedural justice in performance management system. Propositions have been given to elaborate the impact of those organizational contextual factors on procedural justice in performance management system according to the socio-economic conditions of the market. Study offers a detailed insight through a systematic literature review on the factors that can enhance the performance and satisfaction at the workplace. Hence, such factors have been proposed in a combined way which would help emergence of a theoretical foundation for the context of procedural justice in performance management system. This would not only help the future researchers in empirical research on it; but the practitioners may also find it helpful in understanding the contextual needs for procedural justice in performance management.
过去的研究强调需要探索影响整个绩效管理系统的组织环境因素,特别是绩效评估系统。目前的研究试图建立一个影响绩效管理系统程序公正的组织背景因素的综合框架。根据市场的社会经济条件,提出了阐述这些组织背景因素对绩效管理制度程序公正的影响的建议。研究提供了一个详细的见解,通过系统的文献综述的因素,可以提高工作场所的表现和满意度。因此,将这些因素综合起来提出,有助于为绩效管理制度的程序公正背景提供理论基础。这不仅有助于未来研究者对其进行实证研究;但实践者也可能发现它有助于理解绩效管理中程序公正的上下文需求。
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引用次数: 2
Eco Labels and Eco Conscious Consumer Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Green Trust and Environmental Concern 生态标签与生态意识消费者行为:绿色信任与环境关注的中介作用
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.20547/JMS.2014.1805205
I. Hameed, Idrees Waris
This study explores the relationship between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior for green products. Mediation effect of consumer trust regarding green products and their concern for the sustainability of environment have also been analyzed. There are many researches regarding consumers' evaluation of green products and consumer behavior, but no substantial research has been done on the effects of understanding eco labels on eco-conscious consumer behavior. Eco labels are the essential sources of information regarding products' features and focus on providing information about less detrimental effects of green products on environment. Data of respondents have been collected through convenience sampling from the most populous city of Pakistan, i.e., Karachi. This research is an empirical study, structural equation modelling technique has been used to explore the relationship among the variables in the study. Furthermore, the mediation effects of green trust and environmental concern on consumer' behavior have also been analyzed. The findings of research highlight the positive impact of eco labels on consumers' eco conscious behavior. The results show full mediation effect of green trust on the relationship between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior. However, there was no mediation effect of environmental concern between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior. Hence, investing resources on eco labels design and providing awareness about the sustainability of environment are helpful in producing eco conscious consumer behavior.
本研究探讨生态标签与绿色产品的生态意识消费者行为之间的关系。分析了消费者对绿色产品信任的中介作用及其对环境可持续性的关注。关于消费者对绿色产品的评价和消费者行为的研究很多,但关于了解生态标签对消费者生态意识行为的影响的研究还没有实质性的研究。生态标签是产品特性信息的重要来源,侧重于提供绿色产品对环境危害较小的信息。受访者的数据是通过方便抽样的方式从巴基斯坦人口最多的城市卡拉奇收集的。本研究是一项实证研究,在研究中采用了结构方程建模技术来探讨变量之间的关系。此外,本文还分析了绿色信任和环境关注对消费者行为的中介作用。研究结果强调了生态标签对消费者生态意识行为的积极影响。结果表明,绿色信任对生态标签与生态意识消费者行为之间的关系具有充分的中介作用。然而,环境关注在生态标签与生态意识消费者行为之间没有中介作用。因此,在生态标签设计上投入资源,并提供对环境可持续性的认识,有助于产生具有生态意识的消费者行为。
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引用次数: 37
Mobile Advertising Technology Acceptance Model (M-TAM): An Extension of TAM in Mobile Marketing Context 移动广告技术接受模型(M-TAM): TAM在移动营销情境下的延伸
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21621/sajms.2018122.05
M. Haq, A. Ghouri
: Mobile advertising technology has revolutionized the way companies interact with their customers. This has offered both marketers and consumers the advantages of convenience, flexibility, and ubiquity etc. Irrespective of the advantages of mobile advertising technology, it is not easy for marketers and researchers to form adoptable mobile advertising technology for consumers without being in a position to precisely foresee consumers’ behavioural outcome. Additionally, this field appears to be scant in academic researches. The current study was initiated to empirically examine the influence of m-advertising technological factors (i.e., ease of use, usefulness, personalization and credibility) on consumers’ adoption behaviour. These factors were also mediated by emotional value in order to influence end users’ adoption behaviour. A quantitative approach based upon a cross-sectional administered survey was employed to collect the data from university going student as respondents. The Partial Least Square (PLS) two step path modelling was used through SmartPLS 3 to test the direct and indirect hypotheses. The results indicate that mobile advertising technology factors (i.e., ease of use, usefulness, personalization and credibility) directly and indirectly impact consumers’ adoption behaviour through emotional value. Based on the findings of the study, theoretical and practical contributions along with certain limitations and future researches recommendation are discussed consequentially.
移动广告技术已经彻底改变了公司与客户互动的方式。这为营销人员和消费者提供了便利、灵活和无处不在等优势。尽管移动广告技术具有优势,但营销人员和研究人员在无法准确预见消费者行为结果的情况下,很难形成适合消费者的移动广告技术。此外,这一领域的学术研究似乎很少。本研究旨在实证检验移动广告技术因素(即易用性、有用性、个性化和可信度)对消费者采用行为的影响。这些因素也被情感价值中介,以影响最终用户的采用行为。本研究以横断面管理调查为基础,采用定量方法对大学生进行问卷调查。通过SmartPLS 3使用偏最小二乘(PLS)两步路径建模来检验直接和间接假设。研究结果表明,移动广告技术因素(易用性、有用性、个性化和可信度)通过情感价值直接或间接影响消费者的采用行为。在此基础上,讨论了本研究的理论和实践贡献、局限性和未来研究的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Mediation of Attitudes in Relationship of Cultural Values and Behavioral Reactions toward Web Based Advertising 文化价值观与网络广告行为反应关系中态度中介作用的跨文化评价
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21621/SAJMS.2018121.01
S. Raza, A. Hasnain, Sanan Waheed Khan
The current study examines the associations between the individual’s cultural values about web-based advertising (IWA), attitudes toward web-based advertising (AWA) and individual’s behavioral reactions (BR) in three dissimilar cultures Pakistan, Malaysia and the United States of America. The study is based on the five individual cultural values to evaluate the understanding of the cultural perception of the web-based advertising users towards individual’s attitudes toward web-based advertising (AWA). This addresses the research gap that how individual’s values-driven attitudes towards web-based advertising influence the individual’s behavioral reactions (BR). The study uses the Hofstede cultural dimensions to delineate the cultural variability between three national cultures which also provides ecological assumption based contextual interpretation to the web-based advertising effectiveness. The findings demonstrated that the four individual cultural values are important forecasters of attitudes toward web-based advertising (AWA) and Behavioral Reactions (BR). However, the misrepresentation of value in web-based advertisements was negatively evaluated by the users. The findings pointedly provide evidence that individual cultural values are a noteworthy forecaster of the web-based ad browsing and rate of recurrence of web-based spending. The study provides theoretical and practical implications to consider individuals values and persuasive knowledge in web-based advertisements instead of focusing on repeated exposure to the obtain favorable behavioral reactions (BR).
本研究考察了在巴基斯坦、马来西亚和美国三种不同文化中,个人对网络广告的文化价值观(IWA)、对网络广告的态度(AWA)和个人的行为反应(BR)之间的关系。本研究基于五种个人文化价值观来评估网络广告用户对个人网络广告态度(AWA)的文化感知理解。这解决了个人的价值观驱动的态度如何影响个人的行为反应(BR)的研究空白。本研究使用Hofstede文化维度来描述三个民族文化之间的文化差异,同时也为基于生态假设的网络广告效果语境解释提供了依据。研究结果表明,这四种个人文化价值观是网络广告态度和行为反应的重要预测因子。然而,用户对网络广告中价值的虚假陈述持负面评价。研究结果明确地提供了证据,表明个人文化价值观是网络广告浏览和网络支出复发率的重要预测因素。本研究为在网络广告中考虑个体价值和说服知识而不是关注反复接触获得良好的行为反应(BR)提供了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
South Asian Journal of Management Sciences
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