Purpose: Therapeutic drug monitoring can optimise patient outcomes if the Anti-Epileptic Medication (AEM) level is received in a timely fashion. When choosing a laboratory (lab) to measure levels, the treating physician must incorporate quality assurances so as to be confident that the results are reliable and concordant with results accepted from the current lab. The study aims to generate a practical example of how one can improve the use of drug monitoring in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A split-sampling procedure was used to analyse the AEM levels reported by two different labs. The results were categorised in accordance with the physician’s defined therapeutic range: sub-therapeutic: <10mg/L; therapeutic: 10-16mg/L; and supra-therapeutic: >16mg/L, to determine if categorisation varied between the labs. Results were further evaluated to compensate for absolute and/or clinically significant differences. Results: Categories were concordant for 43/50 (86%) of results. Of the 7/50 (14%) category discordant results, five (10% of results) were not clinically significant. In only 4% (2/50) of patients was the discordance sufficient to have possibly generated a treatment modification depending upon the patient’s clinical picture. Overall, the absolute difference in the levels reported by the two labs was neither significant nor statistically different. Conclusion: Split-sampling studies are a practical way of ensuring physician confidence and demonstrating quality assurance when changing labs.
{"title":"Quality Assurance when Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Lamotrigine Split Sample Method to Reflect Comparability","authors":"Roy G Beran","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000149","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Therapeutic drug monitoring can optimise patient outcomes if the Anti-Epileptic Medication (AEM) level is received in a timely fashion. When choosing a laboratory (lab) to measure levels, the treating physician must incorporate quality assurances so as to be confident that the results are reliable and concordant with results accepted from the current lab. The study aims to generate a practical example of how one can improve the use of drug monitoring in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A split-sampling procedure was used to analyse the AEM levels reported by two different labs. The results were categorised in accordance with the physician’s defined therapeutic range: sub-therapeutic: <10mg/L; therapeutic: 10-16mg/L; and supra-therapeutic: >16mg/L, to determine if categorisation varied between the labs. Results were further evaluated to compensate for absolute and/or clinically significant differences. Results: Categories were concordant for 43/50 (86%) of results. Of the 7/50 (14%) category discordant results, five (10% of results) were not clinically significant. In only 4% (2/50) of patients was the discordance sufficient to have possibly generated a treatment modification depending upon the patient’s clinical picture. Overall, the absolute difference in the levels reported by the two labs was neither significant nor statistically different. Conclusion: Split-sampling studies are a practical way of ensuring physician confidence and demonstrating quality assurance when changing labs.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123585282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hungtington Disease: Biopharmaceutical Methods of Interest in the Quantification of Therapeutic Agents Utilized in the Management of the Disorder","authors":"Chika J Mbah","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The disease called cancer is actually the abnormal uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in our body by mutation. Reprogramming of metabolism in order to carry on the growth and proliferation of cancer cells is one of the most important changes seen in cancer cells. Altered metabolism is among the main causes of cancer. Cancer cells consume a lot of energy therefore it starts seeking for alternative fuels and their metabolisms vary compared to normal cells. The most important of these differences is aerobic glycolysis known as the ‘Warburg effect’. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor of our body and keeps it in a certain order. AMPK provides the balance between catabolism and anabolism. Another issue that needs to be mentioned in cancer metabolism is the p53 gene. The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer cells and is responsible for cell cycle and death. It is our circadian system that regulates metabolism in a 24-hour rhythm. In daily nutrition, the time of feeding is as important as the amount of energy intake. Our circadian system regulates glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, as well as hunger and satiety cycles. Changes in metabolism occur when the order of the circadian system has been left. This situation causes the metabolic diseases. Circadian disruption has a carcinogenic effect on our body. We should try to protect our health by maintaining our circadian system. In this review we discuss the regulation of energy homeostasis with glucose, alternative ways, and circadian rhythm disruption in cancer cells.
{"title":"Regulation of Energy Homeostasis in Cancer","authors":"Ş. Tetik","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000199","url":null,"abstract":"The disease called cancer is actually the abnormal uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in our body by mutation. Reprogramming of metabolism in order to carry on the growth and proliferation of cancer cells is one of the most important changes seen in cancer cells. Altered metabolism is among the main causes of cancer. Cancer cells consume a lot of energy therefore it starts seeking for alternative fuels and their metabolisms vary compared to normal cells. The most important of these differences is aerobic glycolysis known as the ‘Warburg effect’. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor of our body and keeps it in a certain order. AMPK provides the balance between catabolism and anabolism. Another issue that needs to be mentioned in cancer metabolism is the p53 gene. The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer cells and is responsible for cell cycle and death. It is our circadian system that regulates metabolism in a 24-hour rhythm. In daily nutrition, the time of feeding is as important as the amount of energy intake. Our circadian system regulates glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, as well as hunger and satiety cycles. Changes in metabolism occur when the order of the circadian system has been left. This situation causes the metabolic diseases. Circadian disruption has a carcinogenic effect on our body. We should try to protect our health by maintaining our circadian system. In this review we discuss the regulation of energy homeostasis with glucose, alternative ways, and circadian rhythm disruption in cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC) remains a serious disease with a poor prognosis in Latin America, and its treatment is based on the use of drugs commonly prescribed for heart failure (HF). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGTL2i) improved cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization in several trials. As a result of growing body evidence in HF from different etiologies, it is reasonable to consider its potential benefits in CC. This study describes the impact on quality of life (QoL), using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, the KCCQ and the 6MWT, in symptomatic patients with CC after the use of Dapagliflozin, an SGTL2i inhibitor, for a 12-week period. In this case of series of patients with Chagas Heart Disease, the use of dapagliflozin was associated with significant improvement in symptoms assessed by the NYHA classification and KCCQ scores, however there was not an improvement in performance on the 6MWT.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Use of SGLT2 Inhibitor in the Symptomatic Improvement of Patients with Chagas Cardiomyopathy","authors":"Clara Salles Figueiredo","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000197","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC) remains a serious disease with a poor prognosis in Latin America, and its treatment is based on the use of drugs commonly prescribed for heart failure (HF). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGTL2i) improved cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization in several trials. As a result of growing body evidence in HF from different etiologies, it is reasonable to consider its potential benefits in CC. This study describes the impact on quality of life (QoL), using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, the KCCQ and the 6MWT, in symptomatic patients with CC after the use of Dapagliflozin, an SGTL2i inhibitor, for a 12-week period. In this case of series of patients with Chagas Heart Disease, the use of dapagliflozin was associated with significant improvement in symptoms assessed by the NYHA classification and KCCQ scores, however there was not an improvement in performance on the 6MWT.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131109318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease: A Better Safety","authors":"Nikunja Kishor Mishra","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133957574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human fungal infections have been greatly increasing nowadays mainly, in patients of cancer, AIDS and those that are immunecompromised. Therefore, the usage of anti-fungal drugs has also been increased, resulting in resistance to the currently available drugs. The resistance to anti-fungal drugs has an inference to the health of the community. As the currently used anti-fungal drugs have limited effective activity, more drug-drug interactions, and toxicity issues, it seems essential to identify therapeutic options for fungal infections. Discovering new anti-fungal compounds from the natural products like plants could provide a significant source for new medicinal products. This review discusses the currently available natural products reported as antifungal agents, current status of those products, as well as, advancement and future perspective of natural products as anti-fungal agents.
{"title":"Review Report on Natural Products as Anti-Fungal Agents","authors":"Somia Gul","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000191","url":null,"abstract":"Human fungal infections have been greatly increasing nowadays mainly, in patients of cancer, AIDS and those that are immunecompromised. Therefore, the usage of anti-fungal drugs has also been increased, resulting in resistance to the currently available drugs. The resistance to anti-fungal drugs has an inference to the health of the community. As the currently used anti-fungal drugs have limited effective activity, more drug-drug interactions, and toxicity issues, it seems essential to identify therapeutic options for fungal infections. Discovering new anti-fungal compounds from the natural products like plants could provide a significant source for new medicinal products. This review discusses the currently available natural products reported as antifungal agents, current status of those products, as well as, advancement and future perspective of natural products as anti-fungal agents.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the amazing diversity and complexity of living systems, all life shares the presence of a semi-permeable lipid membrane. Throughout evolution, this permeability has been finely regulated by the function of proteins that form ion channels. Similarly, some peptides can stabilize by forming aqueous pores in a dose-dependent manner. At high concentrations, however, these peptides can compromise the integrity of the membrane, destroying it. Given this behavior, a huge diversity of antimicrobial peptides and lipo-peptides has been identified. Understanding the physical-chemical principles of their interactions with lipids can contribute to the design of synthetic peptides with antimicrobial activity as an alternative to the use of conventional antibiotics.
{"title":"Electromechanical Properties of Lipid Bilayers in Peptide-Lipid Interactions: Clinical Applications","authors":"Daniel Balleza","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000204","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the amazing diversity and complexity of living systems, all life shares the presence of a semi-permeable lipid membrane. Throughout evolution, this permeability has been finely regulated by the function of proteins that form ion channels. Similarly, some peptides can stabilize by forming aqueous pores in a dose-dependent manner. At high concentrations, however, these peptides can compromise the integrity of the membrane, destroying it. Given this behavior, a huge diversity of antimicrobial peptides and lipo-peptides has been identified. Understanding the physical-chemical principles of their interactions with lipids can contribute to the design of synthetic peptides with antimicrobial activity as an alternative to the use of conventional antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121863754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opinion of Doing PhD in India","authors":"Chandrashekar R","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126351712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cancer patients experience a wide range of symptoms, which can affect their daily performance and quality of life (QoL). Objectives: The study’s goal was to evaluate the QoL of cancer patients who were taking natural polyherbal supplement (Body Revival). Methods: A small survey was conducted among 38 cancer patients, who were supplemented with Body Revival for ≥3 months. A structured and validated interview schedule was used to gather data from cancer patients. Results: Out of 38 cancer patients, 58.8% were male and 55% were in the age group of above 60, the majority with cancers in the breast (35%) and the reproductive system (male 27.8% and female 30%), and 44.4% male and 40% female had stage II disease. The QOL of the majority of patient symptoms was significantly improved (p<0.001) with Body Revival supplementation. It improved both the psychological and physical domains of day-to-day life, either by attenuating the adverse events of regular treatments for cancer or by enhancing vital energy in the body. Conclusions: Combining Body Revival supplements with routine medical care may help patients better control their negative symptoms, take initiative with their disease and treatment, and lead healthier lives. To strengthen the present findings, more research is required.
{"title":"Assessment of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Supplemented with Ayurvedic Medicine (Body Revival): Case Reports","authors":"Tapas Kumar Sur","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000215","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer patients experience a wide range of symptoms, which can affect their daily performance and quality of life (QoL). Objectives: The study’s goal was to evaluate the QoL of cancer patients who were taking natural polyherbal supplement (Body Revival). Methods: A small survey was conducted among 38 cancer patients, who were supplemented with Body Revival for ≥3 months. A structured and validated interview schedule was used to gather data from cancer patients. Results: Out of 38 cancer patients, 58.8% were male and 55% were in the age group of above 60, the majority with cancers in the breast (35%) and the reproductive system (male 27.8% and female 30%), and 44.4% male and 40% female had stage II disease. The QOL of the majority of patient symptoms was significantly improved (p<0.001) with Body Revival supplementation. It improved both the psychological and physical domains of day-to-day life, either by attenuating the adverse events of regular treatments for cancer or by enhancing vital energy in the body. Conclusions: Combining Body Revival supplements with routine medical care may help patients better control their negative symptoms, take initiative with their disease and treatment, and lead healthier lives. To strengthen the present findings, more research is required.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About 80% of the population worldwide use a variety of traditional medicine, including herbal medicines, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, and for the improvement of general well-being. Total consumer spending on herbal dietary supplements in the United States reached an estimated $8.085 billion in 2017. In addition, the 8.5% increase in total sales from 2016 is the strongest growth for these products in more than 15 years. The main reason to use herbal products in these countries is the assumption of a better tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Whereas in developing countries herbal medicines are mostly the only available and affordable treatment option. Surveys from industrialized countries reveal as main health areas in which herbal products are used upper airway diseases including cough and common cold; other leading causes are gastrointestinal, nervous and urinary complaints up to painful conditions such as rheumatic diseases, joint pain and stiffness. Gastrointestinal disorders are the most widespread problems in health care. Many factors may upset the GI tract and its motility (or ability to keep moving), including: eating a diet low in fiber; lack of motion or sedentary lifestyle; frequent traveling or changes in daily routine; having excessive dairy products; anxiety and depression; resisting the urge to have a bowel movement habitually or due to pain of hemorrhoids; misuse of laxatives (stool softeners) that, over time, weaken the bowel muscles; calcium or aluminum antacids, antidepressants, iron pills, narcotics; pregnancy. About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Over l0 million endoscopies and surgical procedures involving the GI tract are performed each year. Community-based studies from around the world demonstrate that 10% to 46% of all children meet the criteria for RAP. Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency, present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Further, pathogens do influence the gut function. On the other hand, dietary habits and specific food types can play a significant role in the onset, treatment, and prevention of many GI disorders. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practicing good bowel habits.
{"title":"Complimentary Treatments for Minor GI Disorders","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000153","url":null,"abstract":"About 80% of the population worldwide use a variety of traditional medicine, including herbal medicines, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, and for the improvement of general well-being. Total consumer spending on herbal dietary supplements in the United States reached an estimated $8.085 billion in 2017. In addition, the 8.5% increase in total sales from 2016 is the strongest growth for these products in more than 15 years. The main reason to use herbal products in these countries is the assumption of a better tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Whereas in developing countries herbal medicines are mostly the only available and affordable treatment option. Surveys from industrialized countries reveal as main health areas in which herbal products are used upper airway diseases including cough and common cold; other leading causes are gastrointestinal, nervous and urinary complaints up to painful conditions such as rheumatic diseases, joint pain and stiffness. Gastrointestinal disorders are the most widespread problems in health care. Many factors may upset the GI tract and its motility (or ability to keep moving), including: eating a diet low in fiber; lack of motion or sedentary lifestyle; frequent traveling or changes in daily routine; having excessive dairy products; anxiety and depression; resisting the urge to have a bowel movement habitually or due to pain of hemorrhoids; misuse of laxatives (stool softeners) that, over time, weaken the bowel muscles; calcium or aluminum antacids, antidepressants, iron pills, narcotics; pregnancy. About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Over l0 million endoscopies and surgical procedures involving the GI tract are performed each year. Community-based studies from around the world demonstrate that 10% to 46% of all children meet the criteria for RAP. Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency, present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Further, pathogens do influence the gut function. On the other hand, dietary habits and specific food types can play a significant role in the onset, treatment, and prevention of many GI disorders. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practicing good bowel habits.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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