Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Flumethrin by Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay","authors":"Ufuk Mercan Yücel","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121221710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Urine Culture from Two Medical Laboratories in Benghazi","authors":"Samia Elzwi","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection and is the second after respiratory tract infection in antibiotic prescription. The treatment of UTI is becoming difficult because of the increasing drug resistance against the common bacteria associated with UTI. Objective: This study aimed to determine the bacteria, and their antimicrobial drug resistance, associated with UTI in the Libyan population in the city of Benghazi. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data of urine culture (2019 -2020) taken from two Medical Laboratories in Benghazi. A total of 1031 urine samples; 318 male, 713 females were analyzed. Result: In this study, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with (59.84%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.58%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Then, Proteus and streptococcus pneumoniae had the same prevalence value (3.86%), Enterococcusfaecalis (2.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%). Neisseria gonorrhea had the lowest (.038). Furthermore, E coli is highly resistance to imipenem, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is highly resistance to, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, pseudomonas is resistance to imipenem, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, proteus mirabilis is resistance to nitrofurantoin, Augmentin and gentamicin. Antibiotics purchasing without prescriptions remains a major problem in Libya. Based on these findings, we recommend appropriate initiatives to monitor and control the use of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128486506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Alkaloid - Loaded Maghemite Nanoparticles against 9L - Gliomass Cell Line","authors":"Mahendra Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000210","url":null,"abstract":"Convection Enhanced Delivery (CED) is a novel approach to synthesize and facilitate targeted delivery of phytocontituents/ pharmaceuticals to the brain. The CED procedure involves a minimally invasive surgical exposure of the brain, followed by placement of small diameter catheters directly into the brain tumor. The study was designed to synthesize unique, sustained release, targeted delivery with no toxicity of piperidine alkaloids along with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), poly-ethylene glycol and human serum albumin conjugation using 9L-gliomass cell line. Subsequently different nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared Naked NPs and HSA- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated NPs with/without piperidine alkaloid were studied. In vitro results showed no toxicity and a similar cell-kill efficacy of the piperidine alkaloid-loaded particles via HSA coating to that of free piperidine alkaloid, while piperidine alkaloid-loaded particles via PEG coating showed low efficacy","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125117465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zanthoxylum Armatum: A Systemic Review of its EthnoMedicinal Properties, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology","authors":"A. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000162","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Zanthoxylum armatum DC., a popular spice and traditional medicine is widely distributed throughout North Eastern region of India. The plant has been used in different indigenous medicinal practices to cure several diseases associated with digestive and nervous system. Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review on taxonomy, ethnomedicinal properties, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible development and perspectives for future research on this plant are also discussed. Materials and methods: Upto date information was gathered through a search of different books, journals, articles, annual reports, proceedings and web-based materials. Result: The different plant parts like leaves, fruits, stem, bark, seeds and roots are enriched with various secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, sterols, phenolics, lignins, coumarins, terpenoids and flavonoids. It is considered as one of the most valued commercial trade medicinal plant due to its multidirectional therapeutic applications in Ayurveda and other traditional system of medicine. Pharmacological findings revealed its potential as nootropic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, insecticidal/larvicidal drug. Conclusion: Zanthoxylum armatum is one of the important folklore medicinal plants cultivated in North Eastern region of India. Its diverse therapeutic applications can be associated with the presence of various secondary metabolites. The various ethno-pharmacological applications of Zanthoxylum armatum have been verified by several related researches. More extensive study on the individual specific phyto-component can lead to novel innovations for the well-being of","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bioactive Flavonoid Taxifolin Inhibits Differentiation and the Production of the Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 in Cultured Human Adipocytes","authors":"Mami Sakurai","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000195","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Taxifolin, a bioactive flavonoid that possesses potent antioxidant activity, has been reported to show multiple pharmacological properties, including protective effects against obesity-related diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, knowledge regarding the effects of taxifolin on adipocytes, which are closely associated with obesity and diabetes, is insufficient. Objective: This study aimed to explore the direct effects of taxifolin on differentiation and inflammation adipocytes by culturing human preadepocytes (HPAds). Methods: HPAds were cultured for 16 days in a differentiation medium with or without taxifolin to examine its effect on differentiation. On day 16, levels of lipid and differentiation-related gene expression (PPARγ, C/EBPα, adiponectin, CD36, and GLUT4 mRNAs) in adipocytes were measured using the Oil Red O assay and the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, respectively. Adiponectin levels in the medium were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The taxifolin effect on inflammation was assessed using mature adipocytes differentiated for 15 days. After incubating mature adipocytes in a differentiation medium containing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or TNF-α + taxifolin for three hours, the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine in the medium, was measured using ELISA. Results: Exposure of taxifolin to adipocytes during differentiation decreased the levels of lipid in adipocytes and adiponectin in the medium. It also decreased the expression levels of C/EBPα, adiponectin, CD36, and GLUT4 mRNAs, but not PPARγ mRNA. Taxifolin inhibited the increase in IL-6 levels in the medium induced by TNF-α in mature adipocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that taxifolin has anti-differentiation and anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes. Additionally, taxifolin is expected to have the potential as a therapeutic drug for obesity and metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117060299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Effects of Bisoprolol in Rats","authors":"Alsadek H Bogzil","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of Bisoprolol and protective effect of Vitamin E and To Show the result of the combination between Bisorprolol and Vit. E on hepatic and renal disturbance induced in rats by Bisorprolol. Experimental design: After one week of acclimatization, eighty rats randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, each of 20 rats. The 1st group: Rats in this group were not medicated and left as control and received Nacl as avehicle. The 2nd group (VE): Rats in this group treated with vitamin E (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily) per os for Successive 21 days. The 3rd group (B): Rats in this group treated orally with Bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily) for successive 21 days as standard. The 4th group (VE+B): Rats in this group received orally a combination of vitamin E (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily) with Bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily) for Successive 21 day. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed, Liver and kidney samples were taken and blood was taken to centrifuged to gain serum for biochemical investigations. Effect of Bisoprolol, Vit.E and their combination on liver parameter (ALT, AST, ALP, Total serum proteins, Serum albumin, serum globulin). Oral administration of Bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) Showed a significant increase in (ALT, AST, ALP) while total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum globulin showed a significant decrease compared with control group. Administration of Vit.E (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) and its combination with Bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) showed a decrease in (ALT, SAT, ALP) while total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum globulin showed an increased compared with Bisoprolol group. 2Effect of Bisoprolol, Vit.E and their combination on kidney parameters (creatinine and uric acid). Oral administration of bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) Showed a significant increase in (Creatinine and uric acid) compared with control group. Administration of Vit E (1.8mg/ kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days and its combination with bisoprolol (1.8mg /kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) Showed a decrease in (creatinine and uric acid compared with bisoprolol group. 3Effect of Bisoprolol and vit. E on antioxidant activites aCAT, SOD and GPX activity Administration of Bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) showed a significant decrease in CAT, SOD and GPX activity compared with control group. Administration of Vit.E (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) and its combination with bisoprolol showed a significant increase in CAT, SOD and GPX activity compared with bisoprolol group. bLipid peroxidation (MDA) Oral administration of bisoprolol (1.8mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 21 days) showed a significant increase in MDA activity compared with control group. Research Article","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology and Management of Bacterial Meningitis in Pediatrics","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000198","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial meningitis in children and infants is correlated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Bacterial meningitis is one of the most frequent central nervous system infections, which is prevalent in low-income countries. There are three types of neonatal meningitis such as early-onset meningitis (from 0–6 days); late-onset meningitis (from 7–29 days) and extremely late-onset meningitis (from 30–90 days). The intense inflammation within the subarachnoid space noted in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, and the resulting neurological damage, are not the direct result of the pathogenic bacteria but rather of activation of the host’s inflammatory pathways by the microorganisms or their products. All children who are suspected of having meningitis should have their cerebrospinal fluid examined unless lumbar puncture is contraindicated. The critical elements of managing pediatric meningitis involve prompt initiation of therapy, use of the appropriate antimicrobial with correct dosing and duration, attention to expected complications, and appropriate follow-up. In neonates, the primary empiric regimen used conventionally has been ampicillin and gentamycin. For infants whose cerebrospinal fluid is suspicious for bacterial meningitis, ampicillin (300 mg/kg per day divided every 6 hrs) and cefotaxime (200 to 300 mg/kg per day divided every 6 hrs) is appropriate.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127978512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difloxacin Disposition and Residues in Broiler Chickens","authors":"C. Errecalde","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000214","url":null,"abstract":"Difloxacin disposition in broiler chickens was studied, with the objective of establishing pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and tissues and estimating a withdrawal period. Forty-two adult chickens were divided into 14 groups of 3 individuals each, which received a 10 mg/kg single oral dose of difloxacin after a period of fasting between 12 hours before and 3 hours after administration. Each batch was sacrificed at pre-established times, and blood, muscle lung, liver, skin and kidney samples were obtained in a period up to 120 hours post application. Assay consisted in the extraction of the analyte, its separation and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mean plasma and tissue concentrations of difloxacin by time were analyzed with the PK Solution software. Oral application determines rapid absorption, moderate plasmatic permanence and extensive tissue distribution. The analysis of residual concentrations in tissues using WT 1.4 software calculated the withdrawal period, based on maximum residue limits (MRL) of 300, 1900, 400, 600 and 300 µg/kg, established for muscle, liver, skin, kidney and lung, respectively, a withdrawal period of 3 days is estimated for muscle, liver and skin and 5 days for kidney and lung.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116338682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faropenem, a Stable and Orally Bioavailable β-Lactam, to Counteract Resistant Pathogens and Infectious Diseases","authors":"Amit Bhalla","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000216","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a huge challenge for the effective prevention and treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Community-onset infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria are a challenge. In various studies, ESBL-producing isolates were consistently susceptible only to carbapenems. When treatment with other antibiotics fails, carbapenems are used as the last-line antibiotics for treating severe and/or resistant bacterial infections. In this narrative review, we aim to present the pharmacology of Faropenem, which is an orally administered penem antibiotic with a broad-spectrum activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes, and anaerobes. Faropenem is effective in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis and is a potential solution to combat the emergence of resistance among respiratory tract pathogens. It is an alternative to fluoroquinolones or macrolides/ketolides when there is a concern with resistant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115811112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Herbal Plants and Allopathic Drugs to Treat Diabetes Mellitus: A glance","authors":"Saurabh Nimesh","doi":"10.23880/apct-16000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000151","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was based on Diabetes Mellitus, its cure using herbal drugs over allopathic drugs. According to the official World Health Organisation (WHO) data, India tops the list of countries with the highest number of diabetics; China, America, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil, Italy and Bangladesh follow. In the year 2000, the total number of diabetics in India stood at 31.7 million and is expected to rise by more than 100% in the year 2030 to account to a whopping 79.4 million. Despite the use of advanced Allopathic drugs for the treatment, use of herbal remedies is gaining higher importance because of Allopathic drugs have drawbacks and limitations. Natural herbs have been highly esteemed source of medicine throughout the human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern high-tech medicine. The herbal drugs with anti-diabetic activity are extensively formulated commercially because of easy availability, affordability and less side effects as compared to the synthetic anti-diabetic drugs. The WHO has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. A list of medicinal herbal plants with proven anti-diabetic and related beneficial effects and of herbal drugs used in treatment of diabetes is compiled. Thus, this review article undertakes the attempt for providing updated information on the type of diabetes and herbal formulations which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researchers.","PeriodicalId":313915,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology & Clinical Trials","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}