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Designing finishing materials with a gradient of electrophysical properties 设计具有电物理特性梯度的整理材料
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.73-80
Yana Biruk
Тhe article discusses the basics of development and production of materials for shielding electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of these materials is to cover large surface areas. The basic requirements for these types of materials have been established. The main ones are: the front surface must have electrophysical properties (dielectric and magnetic permeability) to ensure the lowest possible reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it is mandatory to simultaneously ensure the characteristics of strength, fire resistance, non-toxicity, etc. The content of radio-absorbing particles and effective dielectric (magnetic) permeability in the interlayer of the layered structure in the direction of growth of the substrate should ensure broadband and efficiency of the material. The dispersion dependence should ensure uniform absorption of electromagnetic energy and its passage from the input surface to the substrate in a given frequency range. Based on the maximum and minimum wavelengths of the shielding field, permeability and thickness of individual layers, calculations of the required thickness of the gradient material for a given reflection coefficient are given. Thanks to heat treatment of the surface of the material in the manufacturing process, the possibility of manufacturing monolithic metal-polymer screens with surface layers of low dielectric permeability is shown. The possibility of creating monolithic metal-polymer screens from ferromagnetic finely dispersed substances with an adjustable gradient in the direction from the front surface to the bottom is demonstrated, and a technical solution is given. This material can be used to control the ratio of shielding factors for high-frequency electromagnetic fields, ultra-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, as well as concomitant shielding from natural magnetic fields.
Тhe文章讨论了在广泛的频率范围内屏蔽电磁场的材料的开发和生产的基础。这些材料的目的是覆盖大面积的表面。对这类材料的基本要求已经确定。主要有:前表面必须具有电物理特性(介电性和磁导率),以确保尽可能低的电磁波反射系数。同时强制同时保证强度、耐火、无毒等特性。在衬底生长方向的层状结构的层间层中无线电吸收粒子的含量和有效介电(磁)导率应保证材料的宽带和效率。色散依赖性应确保电磁能量的均匀吸收及其在给定频率范围内从输入表面到衬底的通道。根据屏蔽场的最大和最小波长、各层的磁导率和厚度,给出了给定反射系数下梯度材料所需厚度的计算方法。由于在制造过程中对材料表面进行热处理,显示了制造具有低介电渗透率表面层的整体金属-聚合物屏幕的可能性。论证了用铁磁性细碎分散物质制备铁磁性单片金属-聚合物屏的可能性,并给出了技术解决方案。该材料可用于控制高频电磁场、超低频电场和磁场的屏蔽因子比例,以及对自然磁场的伴随屏蔽。
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引用次数: 0
Energy-saving technology for processing of exhausted etching solutions with obtaining of ferromagnetic compounds 废蚀刻液获得铁磁性化合物的节能处理技术
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.22-34
D. Samchenko, Gennadii М. Kochetov, A. Vasiliev, D. Derecha, Yurii B. Skirta, O. Lastivka
Exhausted etching solutions are the waste of industrial enterprises and contain toxic pollutants that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Currently, the processing of these solutions to obtain marketable products is important. The paper presents the results of research on the application of the ferritization method for processing of exhausted etching solutions of steel surfaces. Energy-saving activation of the process by alternating magnetic fields was used, which has undeniable advantages compared to traditional thermal activation. The influence of the initial concentration of iron ions in the reaction mixture of ferritization process and the methods of its activation on the treatment quality of exhausted etching solutions was studied. It was established that the best degree of extraction of heavy metal ions from exhausted etching solutions by ferritization is achieved when the reaction mixture is activated by alternating magnetic fields at an initial concentration of iron ions of 6.6 g/dm3 . At the same time, the residual concentration of iron ions in purified solutions does not exceed 0.03 mg/dm3 , that corresponds to degree of purification of solutions of 99.999%. Those solutions can be reused in situ. The qualitative and quantitative composition of ferritization sediments was studied. Phases of ferroxygite δ-FeOОН, magnetite Fe3O4 and maghemite ɣ-Fe2O3 were detected by X-ray phase analysis in the sediments. It was established that at the initial concentration of iron ions of 26.6 g/dm3 with thermal activation of the reaction mixture and 16.6 g/dm3 with alternating magnetic fields activation, the sediment exclusively contains the magnetite phase. The results of the study indicate the possibility of further use of sediments for the production of important industrial products and materials containing ferromagnetic compounds. The implamitation of improved ferritization process in industrial enterprises will allow to achieve decrease of energy consumption compared to known technologies of exhausted etching solutions processing.
耗尽的蚀刻液是工业企业的废物,含有对环境有害的有毒污染物。目前,这些解决方案的处理,以获得适销对路的产品是很重要的。本文介绍了铁素化法处理钢表面腐蚀液的研究结果。采用交变磁场节能活化工艺,与传统的热活化相比具有不可否认的优势。研究了铁化反应混合物中初始铁离子浓度及其活化方法对蚀刻废液处理质量的影响。结果表明,当初始铁离子浓度为6.6 g/dm3时,交变磁场激活反应混合物,铁化对废蚀刻液中重金属离子的萃取效果最佳。同时,纯化后的溶液中铁离子残留浓度不超过0.03 mg/dm3,对应的溶液纯化度为99.999%。这些解决方案可以就地重复使用。对铁化沉积物的定性和定量组成进行了研究。通过x射线物相分析检测了沉积物中氧化亚铁矿δ-FeOОН、磁铁矿Fe3O4和磁赤铁矿_ -Fe2O3的物相。结果表明,在反应混合物热活化铁离子初始浓度为26.6 g/dm3,交变磁场活化铁离子初始浓度为16.6 g/dm3时,沉积物中只含有磁铁矿相。研究结果表明,进一步利用沉积物生产含有铁磁性化合物的重要工业产品和材料的可能性。在工业企业中实施改进的铁化工艺,与已知的耗尽蚀刻液加工技术相比,可以实现能耗的降低。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction of gravitational waves with permeable breakwater 引力波与透水防波堤的相互作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.96-111
I. Selezov, V. Voskoboinick, O. Voskoboinyk, A. G. Kharchenko, Andriy V. Voskoboinick
A method for calculating the parameters of gravitational waves that interact with vertical permeable breakwaters, based on potential theory, has been developed and presented. The wave motion of a fluid was described by the velocity potential that satisfies the Laplace equation. The shape of the wave surface and the components of the velocity vector were determined. Numerical analysis of the influence of permeability of the vertical wall on wave energy adsorption was carried out. The propagation of surface gravitational waves in the linear formulation of problems in a channel with a vertical permeable obstacle was analyzed. The dependence of the wave reflection coefficient as a function of the wave transmission coefficient in accordance with the law of energy conservation was given. Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the features of the hydrodynamic interaction of sea waves and coastal protection structures of the permeable type. The experiments were performed in the laboratory in a wave channel with models of vertical slotted walls of different permeability. Visual and instrumental studies have shown the features of the interaction of the wave field with permeable breakwaters, the formation of reflection and transmission waves through the breakwater. It is established that vertical slotted walls, depending on the permeability, significantly affect the wave field, generate reflected waves and waves passing through the breakwater, as well as lead to a significant dissipation of wave energy. The dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave, as well as the dissipation coefficient of the wave energy depending on the permeability of the slotted breakwater and the relative depth of the water area were given. It is shown that with increasing permeability of the breakwater the wave reflection coefficient decreased, and the wave transmission coefficient on the contrary increased. It was found that the reflection coefficient of the wave was increased with increasing relative depth, and the coefficient of wave propagation was decreased. The dissipation coefficient of the wave energy had the maximum value, which was observed for greater permeability of the breakwater, when the relative depth compared to the wavelength was increased.
基于位势理论,提出了一种计算垂直透水防波堤作用下引力波参数的方法。流体的波动用满足拉普拉斯方程的速度势来描述。确定了波面形状和速度矢量的分量。对垂壁渗透率对波浪能吸附的影响进行了数值分析。分析了表面引力波在具有垂直可渗透障碍物的通道中的线性传播问题。根据能量守恒定律,给出了反射波系数与透射波系数的关系。通过实验研究,确定了波浪与透水型海岸防护结构水动力相互作用的特征。实验是在实验室的波浪通道中进行的,采用了不同渗透率的垂直槽壁模型。可视化和仪器研究显示了波场与透水防波堤相互作用的特征,以及通过防波堤形成的反射波和透射波。研究结果表明,垂直开槽墙对波场的影响很大,根据其渗透率的不同,会产生反射波和穿过防波堤的波,波浪能的耗散也很大。给出了波浪的反射系数和透射系数以及波浪能量的耗散系数随槽式防波堤的渗透性和水域相对深度的变化规律。结果表明,随着防波堤渗透性的增大,波浪反射系数减小,波浪透射系数增大。结果表明,波的反射系数随相对深度的增加而增大,波的传播系数随相对深度的增加而减小。波浪能耗散系数随着波长相对深度的增加而增大,防波堤的渗透性越好。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring of radioactive pollution of the site and elimination of the consequences of natural and technogenic disasters 监测场址的放射性污染,消除自然灾害和技术灾害的后果
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.35-46
V. Trysnyuk, Viktor O. Shumeyko, T. Trysnyuk, V. Marushchak
The article proposes an urgent task to increase the level of environmental safety of radioactively contaminated areas. The main tasks are to develop new methods of environmental monitoring; study of migration processes of radioactive elements in the soil cover in order to develop predictive models for timely identification of areas at risk of contamination; establishing the relationships between the state of soil contamination by radionuclides and their genesis and identifying patterns of pollutant distribution in the study environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the requirements of advanced automated systems for monitoring the radiation situation and ACS to reduce the processing time of data on radioactive contamination of the area and increase the reliability of the results of radiation detection. The aim of the work is to separate the tasks that are allocated in the development of a unified system of methods and algorithms for processing information about radioactive contamination in automated radiation monitoring systems, dangerous in terms of radiation. The paper formulates the problem of eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made disasters in Ukraine. The analysis of problems of management of technogenic safety where the emergency situation is fixed is carried out. A formal description of the studied system and its environment is obtained, based on the principles of the systems approach. The classification of sources of emergencies based on the causes, different types of objects of damage depending on the nature of behavior in extreme conditions, different types of protection resources that implement the necessary protective measures. The direct and inverse problems of finding the optimal plan are considered. The selection of objects for a direct task is carried out in order according to their priority. When solving the inverse problem, the selection of objects is carried out until the specified level of system effect, which accumulates in the selection process. Information on sources of radioactive contamination and meteorological information are used in forecasting.
提出了提高放射性污染地区环境安全水平的紧迫任务。主要任务是发展新的环境监测方法;研究土壤覆盖层中放射性元素的迁移过程,以便建立预测模型,及时识别有污染风险的地区;建立土壤放射性核素污染状况与其成因之间的关系,识别研究环境中污染物的分布规律。本课题的紧迫性是由于先进的自动化辐射状况监测系统和ACS的要求,以减少该地区放射性污染数据的处理时间,提高辐射检测结果的可靠性。这项工作的目的是将分配给发展一套统一的方法和算法系统的任务分开,以处理在辐射方面危险的自动辐射监测系统中的放射性污染信息。该文件阐述了消除乌克兰境内自然灾害和人为灾害后果的问题。分析了应急情况下技术安全管理存在的问题。根据系统方法的原则,得到所研究系统及其环境的形式化描述。根据突发事件发生的原因对突发事件的来源进行分类,根据不同类型的损害对象在极端条件下的行为性质,对不同类型的保护资源实施必要的保护措施。考虑了寻找最优方案的正问题和逆问题。直接任务的对象选择是按照其优先级顺序进行的。求解逆问题时,一直进行对象的选择,直到系统效应达到规定水平为止,系统效应在选择过程中不断累积。有关放射性污染源的资料和气象资料用于预报。
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引用次数: 0
Periodicity of Earth development for forecasting the next manifestations of disaster floods 地球发展的周期性预测灾害洪水的下一个表现
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.5-22
O. Adamenko
Catastrophic floods on the rivers of the Western region of Ukraine occur with a frequency of 6–12–19 years. The last two floods of 2008 and 2020 caused significant damage to landscapes, economic infrastructure, and the population. In 2008 and 2020 alone, more than 20,000 houses were destroyed in 420 settlements in Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Zakarpattia and Vinnytsia regions. More than 300 km of roads, 600 km of fortifications and 350 bridges were washed away. In 2008, 19 people died, including 5 children. Similar floods occurred in 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988. Therefore, it is important to study the causes of floods, the possibility of forecasting and warning to prevent and overcome the devastating effects. Therefore, on January 1, 2021, a separate structural subdivision was created at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (IFNTUOG) – the Center for Forecasting and Prevention of Technogenic and Hydroecological Danger of Prykarpattia (CFPTHDP). Materials and research methods were developed even earlier, since 2008, at the Dniester Engineering-Ecological Research-Training-Production Anti-Flood Landfill IFNTUOG by the staff of the Department of Ecology under the guidance of the author of the article. This is a systematic analysis of geological structure, geophysical fields, geomorphological and paleographic features, taking into account the data of archeology, dendrochronology, chronicle, historical and instrumental epochs of observations for 1881–2020. Forecasting, ie what area will be covered by the flood; prediction of its activity, ie at what maximum height the water will rise; and the weather forecast – when it will happen. The first two parts of the triad are predicted with a probability of 75–80%, but the third – so far, only 50%.
乌克兰西部地区的河流发生灾难性洪水的频率是6-12-19年。2008年和2020年的最后两次洪水对景观、经济基础设施和人口造成了重大破坏。仅在2008年和2020年,伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克、利沃夫、切尔诺夫茨、捷尔诺比尔、扎卡尔帕蒂亚和文尼察地区的420个定居点就有2万多所房屋被毁。超过300公里的道路、600公里的防御工事和350座桥梁被冲走。2008年有19人死亡,其中包括5名儿童。类似的洪水发生在1911年、1927年、1941年、1955年、1969年、1980年和1988年。因此,研究洪水的成因、预报和预警的可能性,对预防和克服其破坏性影响具有重要意义。因此,2021年1月1日,伊万诺-弗兰克夫斯克国立石油和天然气技术大学(IFNTUOG)成立了一个单独的结构分支——普里卡帕提亚技术和水文生态危险预测和预防中心(CFPTHDP)。材料和研究方法更早,自2008年以来,在本文作者的指导下,由生态学系的工作人员在德尼斯特工程-生态研究-培训-生产防洪填埋IFNTUOG开发。这是对地质构造、地球物理场、地貌和古地理特征的系统分析,考虑了1881-2020年的考古、树木年代学、编年史、历史和仪器观测时代的数据。预报(洪水将覆盖哪些地区);预测其活动性,即水将上升到多大的最大高度;还有天气预报,什么时候会发生。前两部分的预测概率为75-80%,但第三部分-到目前为止,只有50%。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrostatic pressure in granular environment 颗粒环境中的静水压力
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.86-95
O. Gerasymov, L. Sidletska
The problem is that to date there is no general theory of the granular state of matter in a closed form. However, there are some well-developed models that use, for example, the representation of a continuous environment. Typical bulk material is a large conglomeration of micro-mechanical particles of different sizes and shapes that interact with each other and the walls contain containers by mainly repulsive forces in direct mechanical contact (by nature it is forces of electromagnetic origin – dry and viscous friction forces, as well as traction).In the proposed work to study the pressure in a multiparticle micro-mechanical system, a model of a lattice gas in a gravitational field is considered. Analysis of the determination of free energy and entropy allowed us to establish the corresponding equilibrium density profile, which is described by a Fermi-type function. The Fermi profile in the form of a density field was used to find the vertical hydrostatic pressure for which the analytical expression was obtained. Hydrostatic pressure was different from the known relations derived from the theory of condensed matter. The obtained results are confirmed by experimental observations, which indicate a complex, anisotropic significantly different from the known from the theory of condensed matter distribution of even vertical pressure in large conglomerations of discrete micro-mechanical particles. Which really repeats the Fermi distribution. The obtained results stimulate the revision of typical ratios of hydrostatics of continuous media, such as Pascal's laws. Torricelli, Archimedes and Bernoulli in the case of discrete micro-mechanical (granular) systems. The conclusions of the work can be significant in the design and evaluation of operating parameters of storage, release and transportation of bulk cargo, which consist of discrete micro-mechanical conglomerations with different degrees of compaction and compaction.
问题是,到目前为止,还没有关于物质在封闭状态下的颗粒状态的一般理论。然而,有一些发展良好的模型使用,例如,连续环境的表示。典型的块状材料是不同大小和形状的微机械颗粒的大集合体,它们相互作用,容器的内壁主要是通过直接机械接触的排斥力(本质上是电磁源力——干燥和粘性摩擦力,以及牵引力)。在研究多粒子微力学系统压力的工作中,考虑了引力场中的晶格气体模型。对自由能和熵测定的分析使我们能够建立相应的平衡密度分布,该分布由费米型函数描述。用密度场形式的费米剖面求出了垂直静水压力,得到了解析表达式。静水压力不同于从凝聚态理论推导出的已知关系。实验结果证实了这一结果,表明在离散微机械粒子的大团块中,凝聚态分布具有复杂的各向异性,与已知的垂直压力均匀分布理论有很大不同。这就重复了费米分布。所得结果激发了对典型连续介质流体静力学的修正,如帕斯卡定律。托里拆利,阿基米德和伯努利在离散微机械(颗粒)系统中的表现。研究结论对不同压实程度和压实程度的散货堆存、释放和运输的操作参数设计和评价具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting of disaster floods in Dniester valley 德涅斯特河谷洪灾预报
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.112-120
O. Adamenko, Denys O. Zorin, K. O. Radlowska
In recent years, two catastrophic floods have occurred in the Carpathian region and in Podillya: one on July 23–28, 2008, and the other on June 20–24, 2020. Both caused enormous damage to the environment and the population, which was widely reported in the media. To be prepared for natural disasters, you need to learn to predict them, that is, to know in what area they occur, what will be the height of the rise of water and when it will happen. From this triad, the first two components have already learned to predict, but the third has not yet. The article considers the possibility of a weather forecast, which was confirmed during the flood of June 20–24, 2020. O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin plotted global climate change over the period of the Earth's history from its birth 4.567 billion years ago to the present. It turned out that the warm and cold periods alternated periodically, from the Galactic Year (225–250 million years), of which there were 19, to the current 11 summer cycles of solar activity. A total of 13 orders of cycles were identified, which interfere in the form of sinusoids, determining the periodicity of geological events. Geotectonic epochs of the 2nd order (50–70 million years) are superimposed on the cyclicity of the 1st order – galactic years – these are Karelian, Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Pacific and Alpine tectonic-magmatic epochs, which are divided into parts of the 3rd (30–40 million years) and 4th (10–15 million) orders. The following cycles – 5 (3–5 million years), 6 (150–140 thousand years) and 7 (10–20 thousand years) are associated with a large Cenozoic cooling, which ended with the Quaternary glaciation. 8 (1–4 thousand years) and 9 (500–600 years) cycles reflect changes in warming and cooling in the quarter. And then the analysis of events is reconstructed on the basis of archaeological and chronicle data: from the beginning of our era to the XII century. Warming of the IX cycle continued – a small climatic optimum and a small ice age (XIII – XVII centuries). Since the XIX century modern warming began with clear 33-year fluctuations of the X cycle. Since 1881, instrumental observations have appeared at meteorological stations and hydro posts. XI (20–15–11 years), XII (5–6 years) and XIII (3–4 years) cycles appeared. Against the background of 33 annual fluctuations in the global climate, 11 annual cycles and catastrophic floods of 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2008 appeared, and the catastrophic flood of 2020 predicted by O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin. Thus, it is possible to learn to predict the time of the next catastrophic flood.
近年来,喀尔巴阡山脉地区和波德里亚发生了两次特大洪水:一次发生在2008年7月23日至28日,另一次发生在2020年6月20日至24日。两者都对环境和人口造成了巨大的破坏,这在媒体上被广泛报道。要为自然灾害做好准备,你需要学会预测它们,也就是说,知道它们发生在什么地区,水位上升的高度是多少,什么时候会发生。从这个三和弦中,前两个组成部分已经学会了预测,但第三个还没有。文章考虑了天气预报的可能性,这在2020年6月20日至24日的洪水期间得到了证实。O.M.阿达门科(O.M. Adamenko)和D.O.佐林(D.O. Zorin)绘制了地球从45.67亿年前诞生到现在这段历史上的全球气候变化。事实证明,从银河年(2.25 - 2.5亿年)到目前太阳活动的11个夏季周期,温暖期和寒冷期是周期性交替的。共识别出13阶旋回,它们以正弦波的形式相互干扰,决定了地质事件的周期性。第二级(5000 - 7000万年)大地构造期叠加在第一级(银河年)的旋回性上,即卡累利阿、贝加尔湖、加里东、海西、太平洋和阿尔卑斯构造-岩浆期,分为第3级(3000 - 4000万年)和第4级(1000 - 1500万年)。接下来的旋回- 5(3 - 500万年)、6(15 - 14万年)和7(1 - 2万年)与新生代大降温有关,并以第四纪冰期结束。8个周期(1-4千年)和9个周期(500-600年)反映了该季度的增冷变化。然后在考古和编年史资料的基础上重建事件分析:从我们这个时代开始到十二世纪。第九周期的变暖仍在继续——一个小的气候最佳期和一个小冰河期(十三至十七世纪)。自19世纪以来,现代变暖开始于X周期明显的33年波动。自1881年以来,在气象站和水力站出现了仪器观测。在全球气候年波动33次的背景下,出现了1911年、1927年、1941年、1955年、1969年、1980年、1988年、2002年、2008年11个年周期的特大洪水,以及O.M. Adamenko和D.O. Zorin预测的2020年特大洪水。因此,有可能学会预测下一次灾难性洪水的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Data arrangements to train an artificial neural network within solving the tasks for calculating the Chézy roughness coefficient under uncertainty of parameters determining the hydraulic resistance to flow in river channels 通过数据整理训练人工神经网络,解决了在参数不确定的情况下计算ch<s:1>兹粗糙度系数的问题,从而确定了河道的水力阻力
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.59-85
Yaroslav V. Khodnevych, D. Stefanyshyn
Hydraulic calculations and mathematical modelling of open flows in river channels keep still being among the most topical hydro-engineering today’s problems in terms of practice. While solving them, independently on the research topic and purpose, and methods used, a number of simplifications and assumptions are usually accepted and applied. Moreover, there is a range of methodological, structural, and parametric uncertainties, which to be overcome require complex empirical pre-researches. First of all, these uncertainties relate to assessing hydraulic resistances and establishing numerical characteristics of them, which depend on many factors varying spatially and temporally.One of the most frequently used integral empirical characteristics expressing the hydraulic resistance to open flows in river channels is the Chézy roughness coefficient C. However, despite a large number of empirical and semi-empirical formulas and dependencies to calculate the Chézy coefficient, there is no ideal way or method to determine this empirical characteristic unambiguously. On the one hand, while opting for an appropriate formula to calculate the Chézy coefficient, we need to take into account practical experience based on comprehensive options analysis considering different empirical equations used alternatively to represent the hydraulic resistance to open flows. On the other hand, the fullness and comprehensiveness of field researches of numerous hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing various aspects of the hydraulic resistance to open flows can also have an essential role. In particular, the accuracy assessment of the Chézy coefficient computing based on field data, despite methods and formulas, indicates that the accuracy of field measurements of the parameters included in selected formulas largely determines the relative error of such calculations.This paper deals with the problem of data arrangements and the development of general rules for the formation of training and test samples of data to train artificial neural networks being elaborated to compute the Chézy coefficient taking into account the parametric uncertainty of data on the hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing the hydraulic resistance in river channels. The problem is solved on the example of an artificial neural network of direct propagation with one hidden layer and a sigmoid logistic activation function.
河道明渠水流的水力计算和数学建模仍然是当今水利工程实践中最热门的问题之一。在解决这些问题时,独立于研究主题和目的以及使用的方法,通常会接受和应用一些简化和假设。此外,还存在一系列方法上、结构上和参数上的不确定性,需要进行复杂的实证预研究才能克服。首先,这些不确定性涉及水力阻力的评估和数值特征的建立,这取决于许多时空变化的因素。最常用的表示河道明流水力阻力的积分经验特征之一是ch逍遥粗糙度系数c。然而,尽管有大量的经验和半经验公式和依赖关系来计算ch逍遥系数,但没有理想的方式或方法来明确地确定这一经验特征。一方面,在选择合适的计算ch zy系数的公式时,我们需要考虑基于综合选项分析的实际经验,考虑使用不同的经验方程来交替表示开流的水力阻力。另一方面,对表征明流阻力各方面的众多水文形态因素和参数进行充分和全面的实地研究也可以发挥重要作用。特别是,尽管有各种方法和公式,但对基于实地数据计算chameszy系数的准确性评价表明,所选公式中所包括的参数的实地测量的准确性在很大程度上决定了这种计算的相对误差。本文讨论了数据的排列问题和数据训练和测试样本形成的一般规则的发展,以训练正在编制的人工神经网络来计算ch兹系数,同时考虑到水文形态因素和表征河道水力阻力的参数数据的参数不确定性。以具有一个隐层和一个s型逻辑激活函数的直接传播人工神经网络为例,解决了这一问题。
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引用次数: 0
Main tasks of implementation of international labor protection regulations in the legal field of Ukraine 乌克兰法律领域实施国际劳动保护法规的主要任务
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.47-58
V. Zdanovsky, V. Glyva, N. Burdeina
The paper analyzes the legislative regulation in the field of labor protection in Ukraine and identifies the main directions of work to improve it. In connection with Ukraine’s move towards EU membership, it is advisable to focus on EU regulations. It is shown that such acts are both general in nature and consider certain aspects of labor protection (certain factors of harmful effects). The advantage of the European directives on occupational safety is that they contain mandatory annexes that quantify the permissible harmful effects. The joint work of experts of the EU and the International Labor Organization on the draft Law of Ukraine on labor protection is analyzed. Due to a number of shortcomings, these materials are generally in line with the international level and require minimal harmonization with current national regulations. The advantage of the Project is a clear modern definition of "employee" and "employer". The same applies to the definition of the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. For the first time in Ukraine, a risk-based approach to possible dangers for workers has been recognized at the legislative level. It is advisable to detail its requirements in bylaws for certain industries, taking into account the significant achievements of domestic scientists. This need is due to the lack of clearly defined methods of calculating occupational risks. The advantage of the Project is also targeted regulation of penalties for non-compliance with the Law. The implementation of the law, with some modifications, will contribute to the safety and health of workers.
本文分析了乌克兰劳动保护领域的立法规定,并确定了完善乌克兰劳动保护立法的主要工作方向。在乌克兰加入欧盟的过程中,最好关注欧盟的法规。研究表明,此类行为既具有普遍性,又考虑到劳动保护的某些方面(某些有害影响因素)。欧洲职业安全指令的优势在于,它们包含了强制性附件,量化了允许的有害影响。分析了欧盟和国际劳工组织专家就乌克兰劳动保护法草案所做的联合工作。由于存在一些缺点,这些材料通常符合国际水平,只需要与现行国家法规进行最低限度的协调。该项目的优势在于对“雇员”和“雇主”有一个清晰的现代定义。这同样适用于雇员和雇主的权利和责任的定义。在乌克兰,立法层面首次确认了对工人可能面临的危险采取基于风险的方法。考虑到国内科学家的重大成就,建议在某些行业的章程中详细说明其要求。这一需要是由于缺乏明确界定的计算职业风险的方法。该项目的优势还在于对违规行为进行针对性的处罚。该法律的实施,经过一些修改,将有助于工人的安全和健康。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of implementation of the network of ecological monitoring of combat action for the Armed Forces of Ukraine 实施乌克兰武装部队战斗行动生态监测网络的特点
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.23-34
S. Chumachenko, Y. Yakovliev, O. V. Pyrykov, Andriy S. Partalyan
The current ecological state of Ukraine's natural environment is largely determined by the consequences of hostilities taking place almost throughout its territory. The article considers the peculiarities of the implementation of the concept of a single network of environmental monitoring of hostilities for prompt response and preventive measures to prevent irreversible damage to the components of the environment, personnel and the population living in the vicinity of hostilities.The analysis of the structural and logical model of the system of ecological monitoring of military-man-made objects and its adaptation to the monitoring of hostilities is carried out. A structural and functional scheme of the environmental monitoring system of hostilities has been developed, which allows to obtain detailed information from all four levels of subordination for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The types and nature of environmental information processed in the system of environmental monitoring of hostilities are determined. The architecture of the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of combat operations and the peculiarities of the interaction of its components through the information-communication system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been developed.Requirements to the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of military operations are formed and the architecture of ecological-information systems on the basis of the effective concept of a data warehouse which generalizes all ecological information on influence of military actions on an ecological condition of environment of Ukraine is offered.The structural and functional scheme of the information-analytical system of ecological monitoring of military operations is offered, which will allow to successfully implement the tasks listed in the article and to achieve high efficiency of ecological information use.
乌克兰目前自然环境的生态状况在很大程度上是由几乎在其全境发生的敌对行动的后果所决定的。该条审议了执行敌对行动单一环境监测网络概念的特点,以便迅速作出反应和采取预防措施,防止对敌对行动附近的环境组成部分、人员和居民造成不可逆转的损害。分析了军用人造物体生态监测系统的结构和逻辑模型及其对敌对行动监测的适应性。已经制定了敌对行动环境监测系统的结构和功能方案,可以从乌克兰武装部队的所有四个下级部门获得详细的资料。确定敌对行动环境监测系统中处理的环境信息的类型和性质。作战行动生态监测信息测量系统的结构和其组成部分通过乌克兰武装部队的信息通信系统相互作用的特点已得到发展。形成了对军事行动生态监测信息测量系统的要求,并在数据仓库的有效概念的基础上提出了生态信息系统的架构,该数据仓库概括了军事行动对乌克兰生态环境状况的影响的所有生态信息。提出了军事行动生态监测信息分析系统的结构和功能方案,使其能够顺利实施本文所列任务,实现生态信息的高效利用。
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Environmental safety and natural resources
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