Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.73-80
Yana Biruk
Тhe article discusses the basics of development and production of materials for shielding electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of these materials is to cover large surface areas. The basic requirements for these types of materials have been established. The main ones are: the front surface must have electrophysical properties (dielectric and magnetic permeability) to ensure the lowest possible reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it is mandatory to simultaneously ensure the characteristics of strength, fire resistance, non-toxicity, etc. The content of radio-absorbing particles and effective dielectric (magnetic) permeability in the interlayer of the layered structure in the direction of growth of the substrate should ensure broadband and efficiency of the material. The dispersion dependence should ensure uniform absorption of electromagnetic energy and its passage from the input surface to the substrate in a given frequency range. Based on the maximum and minimum wavelengths of the shielding field, permeability and thickness of individual layers, calculations of the required thickness of the gradient material for a given reflection coefficient are given. Thanks to heat treatment of the surface of the material in the manufacturing process, the possibility of manufacturing monolithic metal-polymer screens with surface layers of low dielectric permeability is shown. The possibility of creating monolithic metal-polymer screens from ferromagnetic finely dispersed substances with an adjustable gradient in the direction from the front surface to the bottom is demonstrated, and a technical solution is given. This material can be used to control the ratio of shielding factors for high-frequency electromagnetic fields, ultra-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, as well as concomitant shielding from natural magnetic fields.
{"title":"Designing finishing materials with a gradient of electrophysical properties","authors":"Yana Biruk","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.73-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.73-80","url":null,"abstract":"Тhe article discusses the basics of development and production of materials for shielding electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of these materials is to cover large surface areas. The basic requirements for these types of materials have been established. The main ones are: the front surface must have electrophysical properties (dielectric and magnetic permeability) to ensure the lowest possible reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it is mandatory to simultaneously ensure the characteristics of strength, fire resistance, non-toxicity, etc. The content of radio-absorbing particles and effective dielectric (magnetic) permeability in the interlayer of the layered structure in the direction of growth of the substrate should ensure broadband and efficiency of the material. The dispersion dependence should ensure uniform absorption of electromagnetic energy and its passage from the input surface to the substrate in a given frequency range. Based on the maximum and minimum wavelengths of the shielding field, permeability and thickness of individual layers, calculations of the required thickness of the gradient material for a given reflection coefficient are given. Thanks to heat treatment of the surface of the material in the manufacturing process, the possibility of manufacturing monolithic metal-polymer screens with surface layers of low dielectric permeability is shown. The possibility of creating monolithic metal-polymer screens from ferromagnetic finely dispersed substances with an adjustable gradient in the direction from the front surface to the bottom is demonstrated, and a technical solution is given. This material can be used to control the ratio of shielding factors for high-frequency electromagnetic fields, ultra-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, as well as concomitant shielding from natural magnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127464449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.22-34
D. Samchenko, Gennadii М. Kochetov, A. Vasiliev, D. Derecha, Yurii B. Skirta, O. Lastivka
Exhausted etching solutions are the waste of industrial enterprises and contain toxic pollutants that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Currently, the processing of these solutions to obtain marketable products is important. The paper presents the results of research on the application of the ferritization method for processing of exhausted etching solutions of steel surfaces. Energy-saving activation of the process by alternating magnetic fields was used, which has undeniable advantages compared to traditional thermal activation. The influence of the initial concentration of iron ions in the reaction mixture of ferritization process and the methods of its activation on the treatment quality of exhausted etching solutions was studied. It was established that the best degree of extraction of heavy metal ions from exhausted etching solutions by ferritization is achieved when the reaction mixture is activated by alternating magnetic fields at an initial concentration of iron ions of 6.6 g/dm3 . At the same time, the residual concentration of iron ions in purified solutions does not exceed 0.03 mg/dm3 , that corresponds to degree of purification of solutions of 99.999%. Those solutions can be reused in situ. The qualitative and quantitative composition of ferritization sediments was studied. Phases of ferroxygite δ-FeOОН, magnetite Fe3O4 and maghemite ɣ-Fe2O3 were detected by X-ray phase analysis in the sediments. It was established that at the initial concentration of iron ions of 26.6 g/dm3 with thermal activation of the reaction mixture and 16.6 g/dm3 with alternating magnetic fields activation, the sediment exclusively contains the magnetite phase. The results of the study indicate the possibility of further use of sediments for the production of important industrial products and materials containing ferromagnetic compounds. The implamitation of improved ferritization process in industrial enterprises will allow to achieve decrease of energy consumption compared to known technologies of exhausted etching solutions processing.
{"title":"Energy-saving technology for processing of exhausted etching solutions with obtaining of ferromagnetic compounds","authors":"D. Samchenko, Gennadii М. Kochetov, A. Vasiliev, D. Derecha, Yurii B. Skirta, O. Lastivka","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.22-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.3.22-34","url":null,"abstract":"Exhausted etching solutions are the waste of industrial enterprises and contain toxic pollutants that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Currently, the processing of these solutions to obtain marketable products is important. The paper presents the results of research on the application of the ferritization method for processing of exhausted etching solutions of steel surfaces. Energy-saving activation of the process by alternating magnetic fields was used, which has undeniable advantages compared to traditional thermal activation. The influence of the initial concentration of iron ions in the reaction mixture of ferritization process and the methods of its activation on the treatment quality of exhausted etching solutions was studied. It was established that the best degree of extraction of heavy metal ions from exhausted etching solutions by ferritization is achieved when the reaction mixture is activated by alternating magnetic fields at an initial concentration of iron ions of 6.6 g/dm3 . At the same time, the residual concentration of iron ions in purified solutions does not exceed 0.03 mg/dm3 , that corresponds to degree of purification of solutions of 99.999%. Those solutions can be reused in situ. The qualitative and quantitative composition of ferritization sediments was studied. Phases of ferroxygite δ-FeOОН, magnetite Fe3O4 and maghemite ɣ-Fe2O3 were detected by X-ray phase analysis in the sediments. It was established that at the initial concentration of iron ions of 26.6 g/dm3 with thermal activation of the reaction mixture and 16.6 g/dm3 with alternating magnetic fields activation, the sediment exclusively contains the magnetite phase. The results of the study indicate the possibility of further use of sediments for the production of important industrial products and materials containing ferromagnetic compounds. The implamitation of improved ferritization process in industrial enterprises will allow to achieve decrease of energy consumption compared to known technologies of exhausted etching solutions processing.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122511596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.96-111
I. Selezov, V. Voskoboinick, O. Voskoboinyk, A. G. Kharchenko, Andriy V. Voskoboinick
A method for calculating the parameters of gravitational waves that interact with vertical permeable breakwaters, based on potential theory, has been developed and presented. The wave motion of a fluid was described by the velocity potential that satisfies the Laplace equation. The shape of the wave surface and the components of the velocity vector were determined. Numerical analysis of the influence of permeability of the vertical wall on wave energy adsorption was carried out. The propagation of surface gravitational waves in the linear formulation of problems in a channel with a vertical permeable obstacle was analyzed. The dependence of the wave reflection coefficient as a function of the wave transmission coefficient in accordance with the law of energy conservation was given. Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the features of the hydrodynamic interaction of sea waves and coastal protection structures of the permeable type. The experiments were performed in the laboratory in a wave channel with models of vertical slotted walls of different permeability. Visual and instrumental studies have shown the features of the interaction of the wave field with permeable breakwaters, the formation of reflection and transmission waves through the breakwater. It is established that vertical slotted walls, depending on the permeability, significantly affect the wave field, generate reflected waves and waves passing through the breakwater, as well as lead to a significant dissipation of wave energy. The dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave, as well as the dissipation coefficient of the wave energy depending on the permeability of the slotted breakwater and the relative depth of the water area were given. It is shown that with increasing permeability of the breakwater the wave reflection coefficient decreased, and the wave transmission coefficient on the contrary increased. It was found that the reflection coefficient of the wave was increased with increasing relative depth, and the coefficient of wave propagation was decreased. The dissipation coefficient of the wave energy had the maximum value, which was observed for greater permeability of the breakwater, when the relative depth compared to the wavelength was increased.
{"title":"Interaction of gravitational waves with permeable breakwater","authors":"I. Selezov, V. Voskoboinick, O. Voskoboinyk, A. G. Kharchenko, Andriy V. Voskoboinick","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.96-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.96-111","url":null,"abstract":"A method for calculating the parameters of gravitational waves that interact with vertical permeable breakwaters, based on potential theory, has been developed and presented. The wave motion of a fluid was described by the velocity potential that satisfies the Laplace equation. The shape of the wave surface and the components of the velocity vector were determined. Numerical analysis of the influence of permeability of the vertical wall on wave energy adsorption was carried out. The propagation of surface gravitational waves in the linear formulation of problems in a channel with a vertical permeable obstacle was analyzed. The dependence of the wave reflection coefficient as a function of the wave transmission coefficient in accordance with the law of energy conservation was given. Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the features of the hydrodynamic interaction of sea waves and coastal protection structures of the permeable type. The experiments were performed in the laboratory in a wave channel with models of vertical slotted walls of different permeability. Visual and instrumental studies have shown the features of the interaction of the wave field with permeable breakwaters, the formation of reflection and transmission waves through the breakwater. It is established that vertical slotted walls, depending on the permeability, significantly affect the wave field, generate reflected waves and waves passing through the breakwater, as well as lead to a significant dissipation of wave energy. The dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave, as well as the dissipation coefficient of the wave energy depending on the permeability of the slotted breakwater and the relative depth of the water area were given. It is shown that with increasing permeability of the breakwater the wave reflection coefficient decreased, and the wave transmission coefficient on the contrary increased. It was found that the reflection coefficient of the wave was increased with increasing relative depth, and the coefficient of wave propagation was decreased. The dissipation coefficient of the wave energy had the maximum value, which was observed for greater permeability of the breakwater, when the relative depth compared to the wavelength was increased.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116310559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.35-46
V. Trysnyuk, Viktor O. Shumeyko, T. Trysnyuk, V. Marushchak
The article proposes an urgent task to increase the level of environmental safety of radioactively contaminated areas. The main tasks are to develop new methods of environmental monitoring; study of migration processes of radioactive elements in the soil cover in order to develop predictive models for timely identification of areas at risk of contamination; establishing the relationships between the state of soil contamination by radionuclides and their genesis and identifying patterns of pollutant distribution in the study environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the requirements of advanced automated systems for monitoring the radiation situation and ACS to reduce the processing time of data on radioactive contamination of the area and increase the reliability of the results of radiation detection. The aim of the work is to separate the tasks that are allocated in the development of a unified system of methods and algorithms for processing information about radioactive contamination in automated radiation monitoring systems, dangerous in terms of radiation. The paper formulates the problem of eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made disasters in Ukraine. The analysis of problems of management of technogenic safety where the emergency situation is fixed is carried out. A formal description of the studied system and its environment is obtained, based on the principles of the systems approach. The classification of sources of emergencies based on the causes, different types of objects of damage depending on the nature of behavior in extreme conditions, different types of protection resources that implement the necessary protective measures. The direct and inverse problems of finding the optimal plan are considered. The selection of objects for a direct task is carried out in order according to their priority. When solving the inverse problem, the selection of objects is carried out until the specified level of system effect, which accumulates in the selection process. Information on sources of radioactive contamination and meteorological information are used in forecasting.
{"title":"Monitoring of radioactive pollution of the site and elimination of the consequences of natural and technogenic disasters","authors":"V. Trysnyuk, Viktor O. Shumeyko, T. Trysnyuk, V. Marushchak","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.35-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.35-46","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes an urgent task to increase the level of environmental safety of radioactively contaminated areas. The main tasks are to develop new methods of environmental monitoring; study of migration processes of radioactive elements in the soil cover in order to develop predictive models for timely identification of areas at risk of contamination; establishing the relationships between the state of soil contamination by radionuclides and their genesis and identifying patterns of pollutant distribution in the study environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the requirements of advanced automated systems for monitoring the radiation situation and ACS to reduce the processing time of data on radioactive contamination of the area and increase the reliability of the results of radiation detection. The aim of the work is to separate the tasks that are allocated in the development of a unified system of methods and algorithms for processing information about radioactive contamination in automated radiation monitoring systems, dangerous in terms of radiation. The paper formulates the problem of eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made disasters in Ukraine. The analysis of problems of management of technogenic safety where the emergency situation is fixed is carried out. A formal description of the studied system and its environment is obtained, based on the principles of the systems approach. The classification of sources of emergencies based on the causes, different types of objects of damage depending on the nature of behavior in extreme conditions, different types of protection resources that implement the necessary protective measures. The direct and inverse problems of finding the optimal plan are considered. The selection of objects for a direct task is carried out in order according to their priority. When solving the inverse problem, the selection of objects is carried out until the specified level of system effect, which accumulates in the selection process. Information on sources of radioactive contamination and meteorological information are used in forecasting.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126729361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.5-22
O. Adamenko
Catastrophic floods on the rivers of the Western region of Ukraine occur with a frequency of 6–12–19 years. The last two floods of 2008 and 2020 caused significant damage to landscapes, economic infrastructure, and the population. In 2008 and 2020 alone, more than 20,000 houses were destroyed in 420 settlements in Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Zakarpattia and Vinnytsia regions. More than 300 km of roads, 600 km of fortifications and 350 bridges were washed away. In 2008, 19 people died, including 5 children. Similar floods occurred in 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988. Therefore, it is important to study the causes of floods, the possibility of forecasting and warning to prevent and overcome the devastating effects. Therefore, on January 1, 2021, a separate structural subdivision was created at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (IFNTUOG) – the Center for Forecasting and Prevention of Technogenic and Hydroecological Danger of Prykarpattia (CFPTHDP). Materials and research methods were developed even earlier, since 2008, at the Dniester Engineering-Ecological Research-Training-Production Anti-Flood Landfill IFNTUOG by the staff of the Department of Ecology under the guidance of the author of the article. This is a systematic analysis of geological structure, geophysical fields, geomorphological and paleographic features, taking into account the data of archeology, dendrochronology, chronicle, historical and instrumental epochs of observations for 1881–2020. Forecasting, ie what area will be covered by the flood; prediction of its activity, ie at what maximum height the water will rise; and the weather forecast – when it will happen. The first two parts of the triad are predicted with a probability of 75–80%, but the third – so far, only 50%.
{"title":"Periodicity of Earth development for forecasting the next manifestations of disaster floods","authors":"O. Adamenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.5-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.5-22","url":null,"abstract":"Catastrophic floods on the rivers of the Western region of Ukraine occur with a frequency of 6–12–19 years. The last two floods of 2008 and 2020 caused significant damage to landscapes, economic infrastructure, and the population. In 2008 and 2020 alone, more than 20,000 houses were destroyed in 420 settlements in Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Zakarpattia and Vinnytsia regions. More than 300 km of roads, 600 km of fortifications and 350 bridges were washed away. In 2008, 19 people died, including 5 children. Similar floods occurred in 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988. Therefore, it is important to study the causes of floods, the possibility of forecasting and warning to prevent and overcome the devastating effects. Therefore, on January 1, 2021, a separate structural subdivision was created at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (IFNTUOG) – the Center for Forecasting and Prevention of Technogenic and Hydroecological Danger of Prykarpattia (CFPTHDP). Materials and research methods were developed even earlier, since 2008, at the Dniester Engineering-Ecological Research-Training-Production Anti-Flood Landfill IFNTUOG by the staff of the Department of Ecology under the guidance of the author of the article. This is a systematic analysis of geological structure, geophysical fields, geomorphological and paleographic features, taking into account the data of archeology, dendrochronology, chronicle, historical and instrumental epochs of observations for 1881–2020. Forecasting, ie what area will be covered by the flood; prediction of its activity, ie at what maximum height the water will rise; and the weather forecast – when it will happen. The first two parts of the triad are predicted with a probability of 75–80%, but the third – so far, only 50%.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116023014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.86-95
O. Gerasymov, L. Sidletska
The problem is that to date there is no general theory of the granular state of matter in a closed form. However, there are some well-developed models that use, for example, the representation of a continuous environment. Typical bulk material is a large conglomeration of micro-mechanical particles of different sizes and shapes that interact with each other and the walls contain containers by mainly repulsive forces in direct mechanical contact (by nature it is forces of electromagnetic origin – dry and viscous friction forces, as well as traction).In the proposed work to study the pressure in a multiparticle micro-mechanical system, a model of a lattice gas in a gravitational field is considered. Analysis of the determination of free energy and entropy allowed us to establish the corresponding equilibrium density profile, which is described by a Fermi-type function. The Fermi profile in the form of a density field was used to find the vertical hydrostatic pressure for which the analytical expression was obtained. Hydrostatic pressure was different from the known relations derived from the theory of condensed matter. The obtained results are confirmed by experimental observations, which indicate a complex, anisotropic significantly different from the known from the theory of condensed matter distribution of even vertical pressure in large conglomerations of discrete micro-mechanical particles. Which really repeats the Fermi distribution. The obtained results stimulate the revision of typical ratios of hydrostatics of continuous media, such as Pascal's laws. Torricelli, Archimedes and Bernoulli in the case of discrete micro-mechanical (granular) systems. The conclusions of the work can be significant in the design and evaluation of operating parameters of storage, release and transportation of bulk cargo, which consist of discrete micro-mechanical conglomerations with different degrees of compaction and compaction.
{"title":"Hydrostatic pressure in granular environment","authors":"O. Gerasymov, L. Sidletska","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.86-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.86-95","url":null,"abstract":"The problem is that to date there is no general theory of the granular state of matter in a closed form. However, there are some well-developed models that use, for example, the representation of a continuous environment. Typical bulk material is a large conglomeration of micro-mechanical particles of different sizes and shapes that interact with each other and the walls contain containers by mainly repulsive forces in direct mechanical contact (by nature it is forces of electromagnetic origin – dry and viscous friction forces, as well as traction).In the proposed work to study the pressure in a multiparticle micro-mechanical system, a model of a lattice gas in a gravitational field is considered. Analysis of the determination of free energy and entropy allowed us to establish the corresponding equilibrium density profile, which is described by a Fermi-type function. The Fermi profile in the form of a density field was used to find the vertical hydrostatic pressure for which the analytical expression was obtained. Hydrostatic pressure was different from the known relations derived from the theory of condensed matter. The obtained results are confirmed by experimental observations, which indicate a complex, anisotropic significantly different from the known from the theory of condensed matter distribution of even vertical pressure in large conglomerations of discrete micro-mechanical particles. Which really repeats the Fermi distribution. The obtained results stimulate the revision of typical ratios of hydrostatics of continuous media, such as Pascal's laws. Torricelli, Archimedes and Bernoulli in the case of discrete micro-mechanical (granular) systems. The conclusions of the work can be significant in the design and evaluation of operating parameters of storage, release and transportation of bulk cargo, which consist of discrete micro-mechanical conglomerations with different degrees of compaction and compaction.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127501585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.112-120
O. Adamenko, Denys O. Zorin, K. O. Radlowska
In recent years, two catastrophic floods have occurred in the Carpathian region and in Podillya: one on July 23–28, 2008, and the other on June 20–24, 2020. Both caused enormous damage to the environment and the population, which was widely reported in the media. To be prepared for natural disasters, you need to learn to predict them, that is, to know in what area they occur, what will be the height of the rise of water and when it will happen. From this triad, the first two components have already learned to predict, but the third has not yet. The article considers the possibility of a weather forecast, which was confirmed during the flood of June 20–24, 2020. O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin plotted global climate change over the period of the Earth's history from its birth 4.567 billion years ago to the present. It turned out that the warm and cold periods alternated periodically, from the Galactic Year (225–250 million years), of which there were 19, to the current 11 summer cycles of solar activity. A total of 13 orders of cycles were identified, which interfere in the form of sinusoids, determining the periodicity of geological events. Geotectonic epochs of the 2nd order (50–70 million years) are superimposed on the cyclicity of the 1st order – galactic years – these are Karelian, Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Pacific and Alpine tectonic-magmatic epochs, which are divided into parts of the 3rd (30–40 million years) and 4th (10–15 million) orders. The following cycles – 5 (3–5 million years), 6 (150–140 thousand years) and 7 (10–20 thousand years) are associated with a large Cenozoic cooling, which ended with the Quaternary glaciation. 8 (1–4 thousand years) and 9 (500–600 years) cycles reflect changes in warming and cooling in the quarter. And then the analysis of events is reconstructed on the basis of archaeological and chronicle data: from the beginning of our era to the XII century. Warming of the IX cycle continued – a small climatic optimum and a small ice age (XIII – XVII centuries). Since the XIX century modern warming began with clear 33-year fluctuations of the X cycle. Since 1881, instrumental observations have appeared at meteorological stations and hydro posts. XI (20–15–11 years), XII (5–6 years) and XIII (3–4 years) cycles appeared. Against the background of 33 annual fluctuations in the global climate, 11 annual cycles and catastrophic floods of 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2008 appeared, and the catastrophic flood of 2020 predicted by O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin. Thus, it is possible to learn to predict the time of the next catastrophic flood.
{"title":"Forecasting of disaster floods in Dniester valley","authors":"O. Adamenko, Denys O. Zorin, K. O. Radlowska","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.112-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.112-120","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, two catastrophic floods have occurred in the Carpathian region and in Podillya: one on July 23–28, 2008, and the other on June 20–24, 2020. Both caused enormous damage to the environment and the population, which was widely reported in the media. To be prepared for natural disasters, you need to learn to predict them, that is, to know in what area they occur, what will be the height of the rise of water and when it will happen. From this triad, the first two components have already learned to predict, but the third has not yet. The article considers the possibility of a weather forecast, which was confirmed during the flood of June 20–24, 2020. O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin plotted global climate change over the period of the Earth's history from its birth 4.567 billion years ago to the present. It turned out that the warm and cold periods alternated periodically, from the Galactic Year (225–250 million years), of which there were 19, to the current 11 summer cycles of solar activity. A total of 13 orders of cycles were identified, which interfere in the form of sinusoids, determining the periodicity of geological events. Geotectonic epochs of the 2nd order (50–70 million years) are superimposed on the cyclicity of the 1st order – galactic years – these are Karelian, Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Pacific and Alpine tectonic-magmatic epochs, which are divided into parts of the 3rd (30–40 million years) and 4th (10–15 million) orders. The following cycles – 5 (3–5 million years), 6 (150–140 thousand years) and 7 (10–20 thousand years) are associated with a large Cenozoic cooling, which ended with the Quaternary glaciation. 8 (1–4 thousand years) and 9 (500–600 years) cycles reflect changes in warming and cooling in the quarter. And then the analysis of events is reconstructed on the basis of archaeological and chronicle data: from the beginning of our era to the XII century. Warming of the IX cycle continued – a small climatic optimum and a small ice age (XIII – XVII centuries). Since the XIX century modern warming began with clear 33-year fluctuations of the X cycle. Since 1881, instrumental observations have appeared at meteorological stations and hydro posts. XI (20–15–11 years), XII (5–6 years) and XIII (3–4 years) cycles appeared. Against the background of 33 annual fluctuations in the global climate, 11 annual cycles and catastrophic floods of 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2008 appeared, and the catastrophic flood of 2020 predicted by O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin. Thus, it is possible to learn to predict the time of the next catastrophic flood.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116699067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.59-85
Yaroslav V. Khodnevych, D. Stefanyshyn
Hydraulic calculations and mathematical modelling of open flows in river channels keep still being among the most topical hydro-engineering today’s problems in terms of practice. While solving them, independently on the research topic and purpose, and methods used, a number of simplifications and assumptions are usually accepted and applied. Moreover, there is a range of methodological, structural, and parametric uncertainties, which to be overcome require complex empirical pre-researches. First of all, these uncertainties relate to assessing hydraulic resistances and establishing numerical characteristics of them, which depend on many factors varying spatially and temporally.One of the most frequently used integral empirical characteristics expressing the hydraulic resistance to open flows in river channels is the Chézy roughness coefficient C. However, despite a large number of empirical and semi-empirical formulas and dependencies to calculate the Chézy coefficient, there is no ideal way or method to determine this empirical characteristic unambiguously. On the one hand, while opting for an appropriate formula to calculate the Chézy coefficient, we need to take into account practical experience based on comprehensive options analysis considering different empirical equations used alternatively to represent the hydraulic resistance to open flows. On the other hand, the fullness and comprehensiveness of field researches of numerous hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing various aspects of the hydraulic resistance to open flows can also have an essential role. In particular, the accuracy assessment of the Chézy coefficient computing based on field data, despite methods and formulas, indicates that the accuracy of field measurements of the parameters included in selected formulas largely determines the relative error of such calculations.This paper deals with the problem of data arrangements and the development of general rules for the formation of training and test samples of data to train artificial neural networks being elaborated to compute the Chézy coefficient taking into account the parametric uncertainty of data on the hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing the hydraulic resistance in river channels. The problem is solved on the example of an artificial neural network of direct propagation with one hidden layer and a sigmoid logistic activation function.
{"title":"Data arrangements to train an artificial neural network within solving the tasks for calculating the Chézy roughness coefficient under uncertainty of parameters determining the hydraulic resistance to flow in river channels","authors":"Yaroslav V. Khodnevych, D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.59-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.59-85","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic calculations and mathematical modelling of open flows in river channels keep still being among the most topical hydro-engineering today’s problems in terms of practice. While solving them, independently on the research topic and purpose, and methods used, a number of simplifications and assumptions are usually accepted and applied. Moreover, there is a range of methodological, structural, and parametric uncertainties, which to be overcome require complex empirical pre-researches. First of all, these uncertainties relate to assessing hydraulic resistances and establishing numerical characteristics of them, which depend on many factors varying spatially and temporally.One of the most frequently used integral empirical characteristics expressing the hydraulic resistance to open flows in river channels is the Chézy roughness coefficient C. However, despite a large number of empirical and semi-empirical formulas and dependencies to calculate the Chézy coefficient, there is no ideal way or method to determine this empirical characteristic unambiguously. On the one hand, while opting for an appropriate formula to calculate the Chézy coefficient, we need to take into account practical experience based on comprehensive options analysis considering different empirical equations used alternatively to represent the hydraulic resistance to open flows. On the other hand, the fullness and comprehensiveness of field researches of numerous hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing various aspects of the hydraulic resistance to open flows can also have an essential role. In particular, the accuracy assessment of the Chézy coefficient computing based on field data, despite methods and formulas, indicates that the accuracy of field measurements of the parameters included in selected formulas largely determines the relative error of such calculations.This paper deals with the problem of data arrangements and the development of general rules for the formation of training and test samples of data to train artificial neural networks being elaborated to compute the Chézy coefficient taking into account the parametric uncertainty of data on the hydro-morphological factors and parameters characterizing the hydraulic resistance in river channels. The problem is solved on the example of an artificial neural network of direct propagation with one hidden layer and a sigmoid logistic activation function.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128187920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.47-58
V. Zdanovsky, V. Glyva, N. Burdeina
The paper analyzes the legislative regulation in the field of labor protection in Ukraine and identifies the main directions of work to improve it. In connection with Ukraine’s move towards EU membership, it is advisable to focus on EU regulations. It is shown that such acts are both general in nature and consider certain aspects of labor protection (certain factors of harmful effects). The advantage of the European directives on occupational safety is that they contain mandatory annexes that quantify the permissible harmful effects. The joint work of experts of the EU and the International Labor Organization on the draft Law of Ukraine on labor protection is analyzed. Due to a number of shortcomings, these materials are generally in line with the international level and require minimal harmonization with current national regulations. The advantage of the Project is a clear modern definition of "employee" and "employer". The same applies to the definition of the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. For the first time in Ukraine, a risk-based approach to possible dangers for workers has been recognized at the legislative level. It is advisable to detail its requirements in bylaws for certain industries, taking into account the significant achievements of domestic scientists. This need is due to the lack of clearly defined methods of calculating occupational risks. The advantage of the Project is also targeted regulation of penalties for non-compliance with the Law. The implementation of the law, with some modifications, will contribute to the safety and health of workers.
{"title":"Main tasks of implementation of international labor protection regulations in the legal field of Ukraine","authors":"V. Zdanovsky, V. Glyva, N. Burdeina","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.47-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.47-58","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the legislative regulation in the field of labor protection in Ukraine and identifies the main directions of work to improve it. In connection with Ukraine’s move towards EU membership, it is advisable to focus on EU regulations. It is shown that such acts are both general in nature and consider certain aspects of labor protection (certain factors of harmful effects). The advantage of the European directives on occupational safety is that they contain mandatory annexes that quantify the permissible harmful effects. The joint work of experts of the EU and the International Labor Organization on the draft Law of Ukraine on labor protection is analyzed. Due to a number of shortcomings, these materials are generally in line with the international level and require minimal harmonization with current national regulations. The advantage of the Project is a clear modern definition of \"employee\" and \"employer\". The same applies to the definition of the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. For the first time in Ukraine, a risk-based approach to possible dangers for workers has been recognized at the legislative level. It is advisable to detail its requirements in bylaws for certain industries, taking into account the significant achievements of domestic scientists. This need is due to the lack of clearly defined methods of calculating occupational risks. The advantage of the Project is also targeted regulation of penalties for non-compliance with the Law. The implementation of the law, with some modifications, will contribute to the safety and health of workers.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121203033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.23-34
S. Chumachenko, Y. Yakovliev, O. V. Pyrykov, Andriy S. Partalyan
The current ecological state of Ukraine's natural environment is largely determined by the consequences of hostilities taking place almost throughout its territory. The article considers the peculiarities of the implementation of the concept of a single network of environmental monitoring of hostilities for prompt response and preventive measures to prevent irreversible damage to the components of the environment, personnel and the population living in the vicinity of hostilities.The analysis of the structural and logical model of the system of ecological monitoring of military-man-made objects and its adaptation to the monitoring of hostilities is carried out. A structural and functional scheme of the environmental monitoring system of hostilities has been developed, which allows to obtain detailed information from all four levels of subordination for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The types and nature of environmental information processed in the system of environmental monitoring of hostilities are determined. The architecture of the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of combat operations and the peculiarities of the interaction of its components through the information-communication system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been developed.Requirements to the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of military operations are formed and the architecture of ecological-information systems on the basis of the effective concept of a data warehouse which generalizes all ecological information on influence of military actions on an ecological condition of environment of Ukraine is offered.The structural and functional scheme of the information-analytical system of ecological monitoring of military operations is offered, which will allow to successfully implement the tasks listed in the article and to achieve high efficiency of ecological information use.
{"title":"Peculiarities of implementation of the network of ecological monitoring of combat action for the Armed Forces of Ukraine","authors":"S. Chumachenko, Y. Yakovliev, O. V. Pyrykov, Andriy S. Partalyan","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.23-34","url":null,"abstract":"The current ecological state of Ukraine's natural environment is largely determined by the consequences of hostilities taking place almost throughout its territory. The article considers the peculiarities of the implementation of the concept of a single network of environmental monitoring of hostilities for prompt response and preventive measures to prevent irreversible damage to the components of the environment, personnel and the population living in the vicinity of hostilities.The analysis of the structural and logical model of the system of ecological monitoring of military-man-made objects and its adaptation to the monitoring of hostilities is carried out. A structural and functional scheme of the environmental monitoring system of hostilities has been developed, which allows to obtain detailed information from all four levels of subordination for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The types and nature of environmental information processed in the system of environmental monitoring of hostilities are determined. The architecture of the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of combat operations and the peculiarities of the interaction of its components through the information-communication system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been developed.Requirements to the information-measuring system of ecological monitoring of military operations are formed and the architecture of ecological-information systems on the basis of the effective concept of a data warehouse which generalizes all ecological information on influence of military actions on an ecological condition of environment of Ukraine is offered.The structural and functional scheme of the information-analytical system of ecological monitoring of military operations is offered, which will allow to successfully implement the tasks listed in the article and to achieve high efficiency of ecological information use.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130442836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}