Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.46-59
Roman Hlushchenko, T. Tkachenko, V. Mileikovskyi
Today there is a problem of flooding of urban areas with rainwater and their slow drainage to rainwater sewage and further to the distribution collectors. There are several ways to ensure the resilience of urban areas to heavy rains and downpours. One of the current methods is "green" roofs (horizontal or sloping) ith green plantings, which is capable to absorb water. A certain amount of water is absorbed by the plants, its certain amount remains in the substratum, and the rest is filtered by several layers of the structure under the plants, which throttles the movement of it to the storm-water sewage. The second method is to collect rainwater in special storage tanks, which are located on the roof or near to the building or in the soil structure in the yard. The accumulated water is used for household needs: watering lawns, washing, flushing toilets, washing floors, cleaning pavements, etc. The third method is to absorb water and drain it by natural biological terrestrial sponge facilities: permeable surfaces, sloping terrain, natural vegetation, green structures, rain gardens, etc. These correspond to the modern concept of "sponge city". The authors propose a method of rapid drainage of rainwater using special "green structures" – rain-garden bands along the roadways. The ability to capture water by rain-garden bands has been confirmed on the example of most of the regional centres of Ukraine in case of the strongest observed precipitation. Such rapid drainage becomes especially important in the transition from cities for cars to cities for bicycles. This increases the requirements to avoid slippery roads for increasing the stability of these vehicles. In addition, the proposed rain gardens with shrubs can perform safe protective functions by extinguishing the kinetic energy of bouncing cars during a road accident.
{"title":"Efective drainage of rainwater from roads by rain garden-strips in the concept of the city-sponge","authors":"Roman Hlushchenko, T. Tkachenko, V. Mileikovskyi","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.46-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.46-59","url":null,"abstract":"Today there is a problem of flooding of urban areas with rainwater and their slow drainage to rainwater sewage and further to the distribution collectors. There are several ways to ensure the resilience of urban areas to heavy rains and downpours. One of the current methods is \"green\" roofs (horizontal or sloping) ith green plantings, which is capable to absorb water. A certain amount of water is absorbed by the plants, its certain amount remains in the substratum, and the rest is filtered by several layers of the structure under the plants, which throttles the movement of it to the storm-water sewage. The second method is to collect rainwater in special storage tanks, which are located on the roof or near to the building or in the soil structure in the yard. The accumulated water is used for household needs: watering lawns, washing, flushing toilets, washing floors, cleaning pavements, etc. The third method is to absorb water and drain it by natural biological terrestrial sponge facilities: permeable surfaces, sloping terrain, natural vegetation, green structures, rain gardens, etc. These correspond to the modern concept of \"sponge city\". The authors propose a method of rapid drainage of rainwater using special \"green structures\" – rain-garden bands along the roadways. The ability to capture water by rain-garden bands has been confirmed on the example of most of the regional centres of Ukraine in case of the strongest observed precipitation. Such rapid drainage becomes especially important in the transition from cities for cars to cities for bicycles. This increases the requirements to avoid slippery roads for increasing the stability of these vehicles. In addition, the proposed rain gardens with shrubs can perform safe protective functions by extinguishing the kinetic energy of bouncing cars during a road accident.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115773669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.100-109
V. Mokryi, I. Petrushka, Elvira Dzhumelia
Extraction leads to the formation of specific anthropogenic landscapes, which are mining. They are inferior in the area to agriculture and forestry. As a result, the lithogenic basis of landscapes is broken, and there is a fast alteration of a surface therefore the man-made neo relief is formed.The purpose of the work is theoretical substantiation of phytocoenotic bases of afforestation of dump landscapes and practical realization of biological-coenotic grounds of technology of creation of forest cultures on the reclaimed lands which correspond to concepts of nature conservation paradigms and are based on data of morphophysiological monitoring and application of mycorrhizal technologies.The object of comparative studies are selected syngenetic phytomeliorants: common reed (Phragmites australis); buttercup caustic (Ranunculus acris); horsetail (Equisetum arvense); Reed warbler (Phalaroides arundinacea); goat willow (Salix coprea). The experimental material was taken from the territory of underground smelting of sulfur, areas adjacent to Yavoriv quarry, control samples – from the adjacent intact area. Quantitative determination of pigments was performed by the standard spectrophotometric method, as well as by the method of derivative spectroscopy. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was studied by photoinduced chlorophyll fluorescence.Studies have shown statistically significant changes in the quantitative composition of plastid pigments in plant leaves in all studied areas compared to their appropriate background values.The technology of forest reclamation of anthropogenic geocomplexes has been developed and tested by creating silvicultural areas based on mycorrhized planting material. The system of landscape-ecological reclamation measures, together with complex ecological monitoring, serves as a basis for sustainable development of cross-border Ukrainian-Polish man-made territories of Roztochia.
{"title":"Restoration of cross-border Ukrainian-Polish man-made territories of Roztochia by phytomeliorative methods","authors":"V. Mokryi, I. Petrushka, Elvira Dzhumelia","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.100-109","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction leads to the formation of specific anthropogenic landscapes, which are mining. They are inferior in the area to agriculture and forestry. As a result, the lithogenic basis of landscapes is broken, and there is a fast alteration of a surface therefore the man-made neo relief is formed.The purpose of the work is theoretical substantiation of phytocoenotic bases of afforestation of dump landscapes and practical realization of biological-coenotic grounds of technology of creation of forest cultures on the reclaimed lands which correspond to concepts of nature conservation paradigms and are based on data of morphophysiological monitoring and application of mycorrhizal technologies.The object of comparative studies are selected syngenetic phytomeliorants: common reed (Phragmites australis); buttercup caustic (Ranunculus acris); horsetail (Equisetum arvense); Reed warbler (Phalaroides arundinacea); goat willow (Salix coprea). The experimental material was taken from the territory of underground smelting of sulfur, areas adjacent to Yavoriv quarry, control samples – from the adjacent intact area. Quantitative determination of pigments was performed by the standard spectrophotometric method, as well as by the method of derivative spectroscopy. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was studied by photoinduced chlorophyll fluorescence.Studies have shown statistically significant changes in the quantitative composition of plastid pigments in plant leaves in all studied areas compared to their appropriate background values.The technology of forest reclamation of anthropogenic geocomplexes has been developed and tested by creating silvicultural areas based on mycorrhized planting material. The system of landscape-ecological reclamation measures, together with complex ecological monitoring, serves as a basis for sustainable development of cross-border Ukrainian-Polish man-made territories of Roztochia.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131973357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.32-45
Мarina V. Kravchenko, O. Voloshkina, Lesya Vasylenko
The article deals with the problem of clean water, as for Ukraine, which belongs to the states with a limited amount of water resources and a high level of their use. It has been substantiated that deviations from the standards of water quality, both surface and underground sources, reach 70-80%. Almost a third of the population of villages and towns of rural type in Ukraine consumes water from wells, the water in which is recognized as practically unfit for consumption, especially in terms of nitrate indicators, which have a negative impact on human health. Provided a comparative assessment of regulatory documents State sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4-171-10 "Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption" and DSTU 7525: 2014 "Drinking water. Requirements and methods of quality control", in force on the territory of Ukraine, Council Directive 98/83/EC, which regulates water quality indicators at the international level. The modern views on the structure of drinking water as a dilute aqueous solution, where water is presented in the form of giant heterophase clusters, are considered and, based on this, the terms "prepared drinking water" and "natural drinking water" are defined. The problem of optimal adjustment of the qualitative and quantitative composition of drinking water is determined, which in the modern world is solved by methods of additional purification of water at the local level. It is shown that according to the principle of operation, household water purifiers can be divided into 4 main groups, namely: installations with a mechanical filter element; household filters of the sorption type; plants of an electrochemical type and plants of a membrane type based on the reverse osmosis process, which are widely represented on the world market today and are actively used at the local level (apartments, houses, kindergartens, schools), but they have a number of features and disadvantages. The mechanism of the processes in the system "initial water – membrane – prepared drinking water" with its outlined components is presented. The consequences of the use of reverse osmosis plants for the purification of drinking water are considered on the example of tap water, which has been purified in a plant with a membrane element TW30-1812-50 manufactured by DOW Chemical (USA) at an operating pressure of 18 atm. The presented results of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of water, namely, its fundamental components, as a result of post-treatment by reverse osmosis. Technological and economic disadvantages of reverse osmosis plants are substantiated. It has been confirmed that the reverse osmosis method is used to demineralize water and is capable of retaining almost all ions by 92–99%, and with a two-stage purification system up to 99.9%, that is, water is prepared by reverse osmosis purified from almostall mineral salts, including useful and necessary for normal human life.
{"title":"Application of the reverse osmosis method for the purification of drinking water","authors":"Мarina V. Kravchenko, O. Voloshkina, Lesya Vasylenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.32-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.32-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of clean water, as for Ukraine, which belongs to the states with a limited amount of water resources and a high level of their use. It has been substantiated that deviations from the standards of water quality, both surface and underground sources, reach 70-80%. Almost a third of the population of villages and towns of rural type in Ukraine consumes water from wells, the water in which is recognized as practically unfit for consumption, especially in terms of nitrate indicators, which have a negative impact on human health. Provided a comparative assessment of regulatory documents State sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4-171-10 \"Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption\" and DSTU 7525: 2014 \"Drinking water. Requirements and methods of quality control\", in force on the territory of Ukraine, Council Directive 98/83/EC, which regulates water quality indicators at the international level. The modern views on the structure of drinking water as a dilute aqueous solution, where water is presented in the form of giant heterophase clusters, are considered and, based on this, the terms \"prepared drinking water\" and \"natural drinking water\" are defined. The problem of optimal adjustment of the qualitative and quantitative composition of drinking water is determined, which in the modern world is solved by methods of additional purification of water at the local level. It is shown that according to the principle of operation, household water purifiers can be divided into 4 main groups, namely: installations with a mechanical filter element; household filters of the sorption type; plants of an electrochemical type and plants of a membrane type based on the reverse osmosis process, which are widely represented on the world market today and are actively used at the local level (apartments, houses, kindergartens, schools), but they have a number of features and disadvantages. The mechanism of the processes in the system \"initial water – membrane – prepared drinking water\" with its outlined components is presented. The consequences of the use of reverse osmosis plants for the purification of drinking water are considered on the example of tap water, which has been purified in a plant with a membrane element TW30-1812-50 manufactured by DOW Chemical (USA) at an operating pressure of 18 atm. The presented results of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of water, namely, its fundamental components, as a result of post-treatment by reverse osmosis. Technological and economic disadvantages of reverse osmosis plants are substantiated. It has been confirmed that the reverse osmosis method is used to demineralize water and is capable of retaining almost all ions by 92–99%, and with a two-stage purification system up to 99.9%, that is, water is prepared by reverse osmosis purified from almostall mineral salts, including useful and necessary for normal human life.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124064556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.110-120
Ihor V. Satin, O. Panchenko
First, problem-solving for solid waste management should be based on solid field analysis of their morphological composition. It is important to conduct research for both urban and rural settlements to obtain results that are more reliable. The aim of this article is to improve methodological approaches to determining the morphological composition of solid waste. From the data analysis, it is established that the lack of morphological composition of solid waste in the methodology of research requirements for representativeness of research results, error rate and common approaches to the research plan leads to the inability to compare the results of such studies and reduces their value. This study presents a new approach to determining the morphological composition of solid waste. The process of field research of morphological composition in Sumy city took place in 4 stages – preliminary research, sampling planning, field research, evaluation of results. Obtained results show the importance of using the requirements for statistical reliability of results. The application of such an approach allows us to unify the results of the study, and to compare the individual results of determining the morphological composition between settlements and by years.
{"title":"Improving the methodology for analyses of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste with stratification approach","authors":"Ihor V. Satin, O. Panchenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.110-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.110-120","url":null,"abstract":"First, problem-solving for solid waste management should be based on solid field analysis of their morphological composition. It is important to conduct research for both urban and rural settlements to obtain results that are more reliable. The aim of this article is to improve methodological approaches to determining the morphological composition of solid waste. From the data analysis, it is established that the lack of morphological composition of solid waste in the methodology of research requirements for representativeness of research results, error rate and common approaches to the research plan leads to the inability to compare the results of such studies and reduces their value. This study presents a new approach to determining the morphological composition of solid waste. The process of field research of morphological composition in Sumy city took place in 4 stages – preliminary research, sampling planning, field research, evaluation of results. Obtained results show the importance of using the requirements for statistical reliability of results. The application of such an approach allows us to unify the results of the study, and to compare the individual results of determining the morphological composition between settlements and by years.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.73-99
D. Stefanyshyn
Reservoirs are an integral part of the world’s hydraulic infrastructure and form the basis of modern water management in most countries including Ukraine. However, reservoirs are also sources of an essential danger to the environment, infrastructure, and population. The potential danger and risks to the population living near reservoirs especially downstream may be no less than to people living near nuclear facilities or chemical plants, with which experts and the public usually associate problems of technogenic safety. Moreover, statistics show that about a third of all accidents on dams and levees occurred due to overflow of reservoirs when upstream water levels exceeded allowable values.There are 1103 reservoirs in Ukraine with a total water volume of about 55,500 million m3. The Kyiv reservoir is the third one by volume and water surface area in the country. In addition, the reservoir is created by one of the longest dams in the world; the total dam length of the reservoir reaches 70 km.Admittedly, the overflow of a reservoir can be caused by an extreme flood with inflow parameters exceeding the capacity of hydraulic structures. The challenge is that the capacity of water passage structures may be insufficient both due to the inaccuracy of the hydrological forecast and because of faults, poor functioning, or failures of the hydraulic structures during a design flood. In particular, long-term forecasts of floodwater discharges maxima of the inflow into the Kyiv reservoir based on using various probability distribution functions show the essential divergence of the obtained results. As well, as practice shows, the unavailability of some water passage tracts of the reservoir can reach several months in a year. Sometimes repair works were performed even during floods.The aim of the study consisted of probabilistic forecasting the emergency situation on the Kyiv reservoir as a result of its uncontrolled overflow through the possible inaccuracy of the hydrological forecast concerning an actual water inflow into the reservoir and due to failures of water passage hydraulic structures during floods. To achieve the study aim the following tasks were solved: (1) there was proposed a method of hydrological forecasting, which allows taking into account results of long-term forecasts of floodwater discharges maxima based on using various probability distribution functions and fuzzy modelling; (2) there was performed hydrological forecasting of floodwater discharges maxima of the Dnieper affecting the condition of the Kyiv reservoir based on the actual data collected the Vyshgorod water level gauge; (3) there was assessed the probability of the Kyiv reservoir overflow taking into account the occurrence possibility of a shortage of the capacity of water passage structures with using the failure and fault tree method. Totally, six incompatible hypothetical emergency situations at the Kyiv reservoir were considered. The calculations showed the total probabilit
{"title":"Probability assessment of the Kyiv reservoir overflow","authors":"D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.73-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.73-99","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs are an integral part of the world’s hydraulic infrastructure and form the basis of modern water management in most countries including Ukraine. However, reservoirs are also sources of an essential danger to the environment, infrastructure, and population. The potential danger and risks to the population living near reservoirs especially downstream may be no less than to people living near nuclear facilities or chemical plants, with which experts and the public usually associate problems of technogenic safety. Moreover, statistics show that about a third of all accidents on dams and levees occurred due to overflow of reservoirs when upstream water levels exceeded allowable values.There are 1103 reservoirs in Ukraine with a total water volume of about 55,500 million m3. The Kyiv reservoir is the third one by volume and water surface area in the country. In addition, the reservoir is created by one of the longest dams in the world; the total dam length of the reservoir reaches 70 km.Admittedly, the overflow of a reservoir can be caused by an extreme flood with inflow parameters exceeding the capacity of hydraulic structures. The challenge is that the capacity of water passage structures may be insufficient both due to the inaccuracy of the hydrological forecast and because of faults, poor functioning, or failures of the hydraulic structures during a design flood. In particular, long-term forecasts of floodwater discharges maxima of the inflow into the Kyiv reservoir based on using various probability distribution functions show the essential divergence of the obtained results. As well, as practice shows, the unavailability of some water passage tracts of the reservoir can reach several months in a year. Sometimes repair works were performed even during floods.The aim of the study consisted of probabilistic forecasting the emergency situation on the Kyiv reservoir as a result of its uncontrolled overflow through the possible inaccuracy of the hydrological forecast concerning an actual water inflow into the reservoir and due to failures of water passage hydraulic structures during floods. To achieve the study aim the following tasks were solved: (1) there was proposed a method of hydrological forecasting, which allows taking into account results of long-term forecasts of floodwater discharges maxima based on using various probability distribution functions and fuzzy modelling; (2) there was performed hydrological forecasting of floodwater discharges maxima of the Dnieper affecting the condition of the Kyiv reservoir based on the actual data collected the Vyshgorod water level gauge; (3) there was assessed the probability of the Kyiv reservoir overflow taking into account the occurrence possibility of a shortage of the capacity of water passage structures with using the failure and fault tree method. Totally, six incompatible hypothetical emergency situations at the Kyiv reservoir were considered. The calculations showed the total probabilit","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125347434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.60-72
B. Basok, Svitlana M. Goncharuk, V. Priemchenko, O. Lysenko, H. M. Veremiichuk
An experimental study of technologies for direct combustion of pellets in a domestic boiler was conducted. Experimental studies to determine the thermophysical characteristics of the process of burning pellet fuel in the bulk layer were performed using a pellet burner Pelletron-15.To determine the patterns of the process of burning pellets in the burner and the thermal characteristics of the domestic boiler with a pellet burner, studies of the temperature of the boiler volume at different modes of operation of the burner were performed. Temperature measurement was performed using HA-thermocouples with open junction, located in the furnace space at different heights and different distances from the initial cross section of the burner. The analysis of the chemical composition of flue gases, which was determined using a gas analyzer TESTO 330-2LL, namely determined the temperature of the flue gases at the measurement point, as well as the concentration of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other parameters.According to the results of experiments, the temperature distribution in the furnace space of the solid fuel boiler Viadrus with a thermal capacity of up to 24 kW with a mechanized burner Pelletron-15 with a pellet feed hopper built into the front panel was determined.In addition, based on the results of some experimental studies, the heat of combustion, humidity and ash content of pellets were determined. The dependences on the time change of the boiler temperature at the stage of quasi-stationary mode of wood pellet combustion are obtained: at the minimum and maximum fuel supply from the hopper, as well as at the maximum fuel supply mode after the supply of additional air from the fan and in the pellet combustion process.The influence of speed and temperature of air introduced into the combustion chamber was determined. According to the research results, measures are proposed to improve the design characteristics of the pellet burner in low-power boilers (10…30 kW).
{"title":"Research of thermotechnical characteristics of domestic boiler with a mechanical pellet burner","authors":"B. Basok, Svitlana M. Goncharuk, V. Priemchenko, O. Lysenko, H. M. Veremiichuk","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.60-72","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study of technologies for direct combustion of pellets in a domestic boiler was conducted. Experimental studies to determine the thermophysical characteristics of the process of burning pellet fuel in the bulk layer were performed using a pellet burner Pelletron-15.To determine the patterns of the process of burning pellets in the burner and the thermal characteristics of the domestic boiler with a pellet burner, studies of the temperature of the boiler volume at different modes of operation of the burner were performed. Temperature measurement was performed using HA-thermocouples with open junction, located in the furnace space at different heights and different distances from the initial cross section of the burner. The analysis of the chemical composition of flue gases, which was determined using a gas analyzer TESTO 330-2LL, namely determined the temperature of the flue gases at the measurement point, as well as the concentration of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other parameters.According to the results of experiments, the temperature distribution in the furnace space of the solid fuel boiler Viadrus with a thermal capacity of up to 24 kW with a mechanized burner Pelletron-15 with a pellet feed hopper built into the front panel was determined.In addition, based on the results of some experimental studies, the heat of combustion, humidity and ash content of pellets were determined. The dependences on the time change of the boiler temperature at the stage of quasi-stationary mode of wood pellet combustion are obtained: at the minimum and maximum fuel supply from the hopper, as well as at the maximum fuel supply mode after the supply of additional air from the fan and in the pellet combustion process.The influence of speed and temperature of air introduced into the combustion chamber was determined. According to the research results, measures are proposed to improve the design characteristics of the pellet burner in low-power boilers (10…30 kW).","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121574776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.139-148
O. Petrochenko, V. I. Petrochenko
To define natural phenomena associated with an increase in flow rates and water levels in watercourses and flooding of settlements and territories outside the coastline, there are a significant number of terms in the Ukrainian language, some of which are perceived as synonyms. The use of all these terms in information materials and reports of natural phenomena associated with the problem of intensive increase in costs and water levels in watercourses, or the problem of "high water", of course, makes some sense. However, when solving the problem of "high water", which is to develop and implement the concept of protection against the harmful effects of water, researchers and engineers face some difficulties in using a large number of terms to define "high water". This article attempts to establish, among the total number of terms defining natural phenomena associated with the problem of "high water", one dominant term suitable for universal use in solving the problem of "high water". According to the results of logical and terminological analysis, the term "flood" is dominant among many terms of determining natural phenomena related to the problem of "high water", which should be used as a universal when developing and implementing the concept of solving the problem of "high water". The article presents and proposes for consideration by experts and stakeholders a new definition of floods occurring in a channel watercourse (river), as well as a broader definition of floods that can occur in both channel and non-channel watercourses. The article presents and proposes for the consideration of specialists and interested parties a new definition of flood in a channel watercourse (river), and also proposes a broader definition of a flood, both in a channel and off-channel watercourse.
{"title":"Analysis of terminological definitions of natural phenomena associated with rising water levels in watercourses and flooding","authors":"O. Petrochenko, V. I. Petrochenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.139-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.139-148","url":null,"abstract":"To define natural phenomena associated with an increase in flow rates and water levels in watercourses and flooding of settlements and territories outside the coastline, there are a significant number of terms in the Ukrainian language, some of which are perceived as synonyms. The use of all these terms in information materials and reports of natural phenomena associated with the problem of intensive increase in costs and water levels in watercourses, or the problem of \"high water\", of course, makes some sense. However, when solving the problem of \"high water\", which is to develop and implement the concept of protection against the harmful effects of water, researchers and engineers face some difficulties in using a large number of terms to define \"high water\". This article attempts to establish, among the total number of terms defining natural phenomena associated with the problem of \"high water\", one dominant term suitable for universal use in solving the problem of \"high water\". According to the results of logical and terminological analysis, the term \"flood\" is dominant among many terms of determining natural phenomena related to the problem of \"high water\", which should be used as a universal when developing and implementing the concept of solving the problem of \"high water\". The article presents and proposes for consideration by experts and stakeholders a new definition of floods occurring in a channel watercourse (river), as well as a broader definition of floods that can occur in both channel and non-channel watercourses. The article presents and proposes for the consideration of specialists and interested parties a new definition of flood in a channel watercourse (river), and also proposes a broader definition of a flood, both in a channel and off-channel watercourse.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.149-156
V. Vashchenko, I. Korduba, O. Zhukova
Technological and environmental analysis of the main characteristics of technological, operational and environmental safety in the context of progress in the main areas of development of reactor units such as VVER, MR-160 and AR-1000 for power units currently under development, design and construction is one of the most pressing issues development of world nuclear energy. This urgency in particular is due to the fact that on the basis of these technologies further development of Ukraine's nuclear energy is planned. The tasks of ensuring operational and radioecological safety for new generation power reactors are reduced to obtaining the lowest possible probability of events related to a possible accident, as well as the lowest possible probability of radiation consequences in compliance with all requirements of national and international regulations and recommendations adopted by a particular state and its civil society.
{"title":"Technological and operating features of the AR-1000 reactors Generation III+ and small modular reactors MR-160","authors":"V. Vashchenko, I. Korduba, O. Zhukova","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.149-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.149-156","url":null,"abstract":"Technological and environmental analysis of the main characteristics of technological, operational and environmental safety in the context of progress in the main areas of development of reactor units such as VVER, MR-160 and AR-1000 for power units currently under development, design and construction is one of the most pressing issues development of world nuclear energy. This urgency in particular is due to the fact that on the basis of these technologies further development of Ukraine's nuclear energy is planned. The tasks of ensuring operational and radioecological safety for new generation power reactors are reduced to obtaining the lowest possible probability of events related to a possible accident, as well as the lowest possible probability of radiation consequences in compliance with all requirements of national and international regulations and recommendations adopted by a particular state and its civil society.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122869030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.121-138
V. Semko, Oleksiy V. Semko
The article is devoted to the research of problems of optimal control of data flow routing in heterogeneous sensor networks of variable topology under conditions of constraints and uncertainties. To solve the problem of synthesis of optimal data transmission routes in sensor networks, it is necessary to synthesize a graph model, formally define the optimization problem, investigate the processes of functioning of network elements and obtain formalized descriptions of the dependence of network elements. The mathematical model of functioning of the distributed system of intelligent data flow control in sensor networks of variable topology is considered based on the formal model of the functioning of the distributed system of intelligent network management, the properties of the processes of optimal load management of nodes and the data network as a whole are investigated. The results of the research allowed to obtain formal descriptions of the dependence of the load of the computing system of the sensor network on the time of the data transmission process, waiting time, service time on the load of the computing system of the sensor network, to determine quantitative indicators of delay and loss of data packets depending on the functioning modes.
{"title":"Research of functioning processes of wireless sensor networks","authors":"V. Semko, Oleksiy V. Semko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.121-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.121-138","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the research of problems of optimal control of data flow routing in heterogeneous sensor networks of variable topology under conditions of constraints and uncertainties. To solve the problem of synthesis of optimal data transmission routes in sensor networks, it is necessary to synthesize a graph model, formally define the optimization problem, investigate the processes of functioning of network elements and obtain formalized descriptions of the dependence of network elements. The mathematical model of functioning of the distributed system of intelligent data flow control in sensor networks of variable topology is considered based on the formal model of the functioning of the distributed system of intelligent network management, the properties of the processes of optimal load management of nodes and the data network as a whole are investigated. The results of the research allowed to obtain formal descriptions of the dependence of the load of the computing system of the sensor network on the time of the data transmission process, waiting time, service time on the load of the computing system of the sensor network, to determine quantitative indicators of delay and loss of data packets depending on the functioning modes.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134404759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.21-31
Yurii Sniezhkin, Z. Petrova, Yu.P. Novikova, A. Petrov
Accumulated sludge from sewage treatment plants in large cities is obsolete, due to which they have lost the vast majority of nutrients, become too mineralized and practically unsuitable for direct use as fertilizer.The research is devoted to the development of a unified approach to the efficient processing of sludge as a fuel with the addition of flammable fillers such as milling peat, buckwheat husk, wood waste (sawdust).Identified factors influencing the energy efficiency of the processes of preparation of raw materials, drying and granulation of composite mixtures based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass, which allowed to obtain quality pellets and briquettes.The problem of processing obsolete sludge is the low content of organic matter, excessive ash content and high humidity, so they are not suitable for incineration in its pure form and for agriculture. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add biomass and peat to sludge and dry to reduce moisture.The article presents studies of drying kinetics of composite granules based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass on an experimental convective drying stand. The convective drying stand allows to carry out heat treatment of composite granules at a temperature of drying agent of 30–150°C and speed of movement of 0,5–5 m/s. A comparison of the drying time of the sludge-peat composition and its components is performed, which shows that during the drying of the composite granules the intensification of the drying process is observed.The presented comparison of drying kinetics of two- and three-component granules shows the same nature of the drying curves and the drying time is in the range of 17–18 minutes. The optimal ratio of components for quality granulation is selected. Effective drying regimes of composite granules based on sludge, peat and biomass are determined. Equilibrium humidity of composite granules not exceeding standard fuel humidity is determined.
{"title":"Ways of disposal of objective fuel sediments for fuel","authors":"Yurii Sniezhkin, Z. Petrova, Yu.P. Novikova, A. Petrov","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.21-31","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulated sludge from sewage treatment plants in large cities is obsolete, due to which they have lost the vast majority of nutrients, become too mineralized and practically unsuitable for direct use as fertilizer.The research is devoted to the development of a unified approach to the efficient processing of sludge as a fuel with the addition of flammable fillers such as milling peat, buckwheat husk, wood waste (sawdust).Identified factors influencing the energy efficiency of the processes of preparation of raw materials, drying and granulation of composite mixtures based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass, which allowed to obtain quality pellets and briquettes.The problem of processing obsolete sludge is the low content of organic matter, excessive ash content and high humidity, so they are not suitable for incineration in its pure form and for agriculture. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add biomass and peat to sludge and dry to reduce moisture.The article presents studies of drying kinetics of composite granules based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass on an experimental convective drying stand. The convective drying stand allows to carry out heat treatment of composite granules at a temperature of drying agent of 30–150°C and speed of movement of 0,5–5 m/s. A comparison of the drying time of the sludge-peat composition and its components is performed, which shows that during the drying of the composite granules the intensification of the drying process is observed.The presented comparison of drying kinetics of two- and three-component granules shows the same nature of the drying curves and the drying time is in the range of 17–18 minutes. The optimal ratio of components for quality granulation is selected. Effective drying regimes of composite granules based on sludge, peat and biomass are determined. Equilibrium humidity of composite granules not exceeding standard fuel humidity is determined.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127240308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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