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Musical space organisation exemplified by variations for piano op. 27 by Anton Webern 以安东·韦伯钢琴作品27的变奏曲为例的音乐空间组织
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604110B
M. Božanić
Musical space, as one of the focal preoccupations of composers in the 20th century (especially in its second half), is also present in the works of the composer Anton Webern (1883-1945). Specificities of musical space organisation in his works can be presented as broad register ranges, sudden changes in register, oscillations of the musical flow between intonational and tonal centres and inability to 'anchor' to one stable tonal/intonational/modal area. These characteristics will be viewed through the analysis of his Variations for piano, Op. 27 (1936). The analysis will apply the methodology adapted from Eero Tarasti's semiotics of musical space. According to this methodology, musical space can be 'inner' (refers to the organisation of tonal pitches) and 'outer' (organisation of registers, i.e. textural organisation). Following the key structural moments, the manner of musical space organisation is revealed in the piece.
音乐空间作为20世纪(尤其是后半叶)作曲家关注的焦点之一,也出现在作曲家安东·韦伯恩(1883-1945)的作品中。在他的作品中,音乐空间组织的特殊性可以表现为广泛的音域范围,音域的突然变化,音准和调性中心之间的音乐流动的振荡,以及无法“锚定”在一个稳定的音调/音准/调性区域。这些特点将通过分析他的钢琴变奏曲Op. 27(1936)来观察。分析将采用改编自埃罗·塔拉斯蒂的音乐空间符号学的方法。根据这种方法,音乐空间可以是“内部”(指音调的组织)和“外部”(音域的组织,即织体的组织)。随着关键的结构时刻,音乐空间组织的方式在作品中显露出来。
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引用次数: 0
Tradition of remaking and serialisation in world film 世界电影的翻拍和连载传统
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZbAkUm1604206K
Nikolaj Dejan Kraljačić
Although they are often emphasised as characteristic of contemporary (especially Hollywood) production, which according to many predominantly offers pastiche in service of exploitative tendencies of late capitalism, remaking and serialisation, the stylistic tools that directly correspond to the aforementioned, have in fact a long and rich tradition in world film. Dating back to the silent era, being present in cinematography worldwide even before the 1970s, when the term postmodernism, which usually suggests a crisis in ideology and strongly manifested commercialism became attached to film, today justifyingly notorious, these tools were close to respectable authors, particularly the ones in the so called classical period of film, but in the period of modernism too - remakes being some of the most significant accomplishments. The paper suggests that the problem of quality of the recent production of remakes and sequels is not merely in the roots of these concepts, but in the author's approach, i.e. in the treatment of adaptation of the original.
虽然它们经常被强调为当代(尤其是好莱坞)制作的特征,根据许多主要提供模仿服务于后期资本主义的剥削倾向,重拍和连载,直接对应于上述的风格工具,实际上在世界电影中有着悠久而丰富的传统。追溯到默片时代,甚至在20世纪70年代之前就出现在全世界的电影摄影中,当后现代主义这个术语通常意味着意识形态危机和强烈表现的商业主义与电影联系在一起时,今天,这些工具被认为是臭名昭著的,这些工具接近受人尊敬的作者,特别是那些在所谓的经典电影时期,但在现代主义时期-重拍是一些最重要的成就。本文认为,近年来翻拍和续集电影的质量问题不仅在于这些概念的根源,而且在于作者的方法,即对原著改编的处理。
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引用次数: 0
Art and the problem of theory: Perspectives for verbalization of arts 艺术与理论问题:艺术语言化的视角
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604039P
Una Popović
The paper is focused on the analysis of the possibilities of a verbal and theoretical understanding of art, adequate to art itself. On the one hand, this problem is considered with regard to the perspectives of contemporary philosophy of art, and on the other, with regard to art itself. The thesis argues that, starting from itself, art has the possibility to acquire an adequate theoretical articulation of its own domain, which opens effectively the perspective of a new concept of theory. At the same time, the paper presents the thesis that modern philosophy of art can claim its legitimacy only by respecting the autonomy of art and the autonomy of the art's own possibility to develop a theoretical discourse concerning art.
本文的重点是分析艺术的语言和理论理解的可能性,足以艺术本身。一方面,这个问题要从当代艺术哲学的角度来考虑,另一方面,要从艺术本身来考虑。本文认为,从艺术本身出发,艺术有可能获得对其自身领域的充分的理论表述,这有效地打开了一种新的理论概念的视角。同时,本文提出了这样一个论点:现代艺术哲学只有尊重艺术的自主性,尊重艺术自身发展关于艺术的理论话语的可能性的自主性,才能主张其合法性。
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引用次数: 1
Interests: A prerequisite for the development of the art audience 兴趣:艺术受众发展的先决条件
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604193D
Dušica Dragin
The concept of art audience is understood as that, very small, part of population which possesses developed cultural needs and developed and regular cultural practice. Using Guy Debord's words we set a question: What are the chances for the arts compared with the glittering appearances of a spectacle in the modern world in which the tendency towards general banalization dominates? This question is considered as essential for cultural protagonists. Following Nemanjic's theory about cultural needs, we emphasize that the cultural need is formed as a cultural interest, which means that interests have a crucial role in the development of cultural needs, and consequently in cultural consumption. Accordingly, we think that the understanding of the importance of interests as a prerequisite for the development of the art audience is one of the most significant issues in the theory and practice of management in culture. The aim of the paper is to present the concept and its numerous factors in the process of forming and developing interests, as well as to point to the necessity and possibilities of the development of artistic interests, the latter being especially relevant to the management/managers of cultural institutions.
艺术受众的概念被理解为具有发达的文化需求和发达而有规律的文化实践的一小部分人口。借用居伊·德波的话,我们提出了一个问题:在普遍平庸化的趋势占主导地位的现代世界中,艺术与奇观的闪亮外表相比,有什么机会?这个问题被认为对文化主角至关重要。根据尼马尼克的文化需求理论,我们强调文化需求是作为一种文化兴趣而形成的,这意味着兴趣在文化需求的发展中起着至关重要的作用,从而在文化消费中起着至关重要的作用。因此,我们认为,理解利益作为艺术受众发展的先决条件的重要性,是文化管理理论和实践中最重要的问题之一。本文的目的是介绍这个概念及其在形成和发展兴趣的过程中的众多因素,并指出艺术兴趣发展的必要性和可能性,后者与文化机构的管理/管理者尤其相关。
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引用次数: 2
Chronophotography: engineer of life: Etienne-Jules Marey 时间摄影:生命工程师:Etienne-Jules Marey
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604233S
D. Stojmenović
The centre of the problem of understanding the process of movement control, incorporated in cognitive biomechanics, is theoretically determined by contemporary physiological and psychological studies, reflecting itself inevitably in cinematography. In this sense, hypothetical questions are imposed: What are the determinants of the relationship between the scientific study of the phenomenon of movement and film art? How to develop an analytical model of the body in motion diagram? What impact does a rapid movement in nature have on the development of cinematic expression? The analysis of locomotion, as a form of human biomechanical movement, leads to the construction of the necessary tool - the camera, implying the creation of scientific films, thereby raising the level of knowledge and observation of the phenomena of motion, transforming it into a contemporary aesthetical model of film art.
在认知生物力学中,理解运动控制过程的核心问题在理论上是由当代生理学和心理学研究决定的,不可避免地反映在电影摄影中。在这个意义上,假设的问题被强加了:运动现象的科学研究和电影艺术之间的关系的决定因素是什么?如何建立人体运动图的解析模型?自然界的快速运动对电影表达的发展有什么影响?对运动的分析,作为人类生物力学运动的一种形式,导致了摄影机这一必要工具的建构,暗示着科学电影的创作,从而提高了对运动现象的认识和观察水平,将其转化为当代电影艺术的美学模式。
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引用次数: 0
The prosody of commencing 开始的韵律
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604022R
M. Richter
The paper considers the issues of modernism in the context of contemporariness in the author-work relation. The leitmotif is the appearance of the painted image in the situation of the painter's current viewpoint. The issue of commencing and realization is set as a correlation between the subject-author equipped with the viewpoint and the object-work equipped with the appearance. The theme of commencing is developed through the examples of Aristotle's 'empty mind' and Descartes' methodic doubt that precedes cogito, to grow into the theme of observation exemplified by Husserl's phenomenology and Bergson's interpretation of consciousness. The return to 'commencing' is dealt with in the last chapter devoted to Žunec's explanation of the original meaning of mimesis. The latter was reached through the analysis of Berkeley's 'esse…', as well as Lacan's and Žižek's interpretations of the subject as an 'empty space'. These reflections were aimed at pointing out specific problems of the painting from the author's position and vice verse. Since an appropriate (scholarly) language for this content is nonexistent, it is the metaphorical, as well as philosophical metalanguage that is reached for. In that sense the text is also an attempt of inauguration of a discourse that is an outcome of art practice, to which it is primarily dedicated.
本文在作者与作品关系的当代性背景下思考现代主义问题。主题是画中的形象在画家当前视点的情况下的出现。开始与实现的问题被设定为具有视点的主体-作者与具有表象的客体-作品之间的关联。开始的主题是通过亚里士多德的“空心”和笛卡尔在“我思”之前的方法论怀疑的例子发展起来的,成长为观察的主题,以胡塞尔的现象学和柏格森的意识解释为例。回到“开始”在最后一章中讨论Žunec对模仿的原始含义的解释。后者是通过分析贝克莱的“存在”,以及拉康和Žižek对主体作为“空的空间”的解释而达到的。这些反思的目的是站在作者的立场上指出这幅画的具体问题,反之亦然。由于这种内容不存在合适的(学术的)语言,因此它是隐喻的,以及哲学的元语言。从这个意义上说,文本也是一种开启话语的尝试,话语是艺术实践的结果,它主要致力于艺术实践。
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引用次数: 1
Songs-patterns of the Romanians in Vojvodina as a subcategory of children's folklore in the light of comparative studies 从比较研究的角度看伏伊伏丁那罗马尼亚人的歌曲模式作为儿童民俗的一个子类
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604153P
Kristina Planjanin-Simić
Songs-patterns are children's creations dedicated to birds or other animals dear and interesting to the child which reflect children's reaction to nature. In the past they were performed at certain hour, day or place. They have survived in the repertoire of children's folklore to present day despite a strong influence of mass media and modern life tempo, although losing their initial function, and they have become simply a 'cause for children's games and entertainment'. The recorded samples still hold a significant place in traditional vocal musical practice of a number of the Balkan peoples, regardless the fact that some rituals and customs are disappearing. The lexical means and procedures used in songs-patterns have been found in children's folklore in everyday vernacular speech throughout various epochs: since the Roman period, through medieval mysteries, till today. The survival of these creations by children speaks in favour of gradual ethnobiological rapprochement between peoples through music, which can be seen as the future.
歌曲模式是儿童创作的,是献给儿童喜爱和感兴趣的鸟类或其他动物的,反映了儿童对自然的反应。在过去,它们是在特定的时间、日期或地点进行的。尽管受到大众传媒和现代生活节奏的强烈影响,它们在儿童民间传说的剧目中幸存至今,尽管失去了最初的功能,它们已经成为“儿童游戏和娱乐的原因”。尽管一些仪式和习俗正在消失,但这些录音样本在许多巴尔干民族的传统声乐实践中仍然占有重要地位。歌曲模式中使用的词汇手段和程序在各个时代的儿童民间传说中都有发现:从罗马时期到中世纪的神秘故事,直到今天。这些孩子们创作的作品的幸存表明,人们通过音乐逐渐实现民族生物学上的和解,这可以被视为未来。
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引用次数: 0
Metalanguage of painting: Semiotics and geometry as lingua franca of interpreting painting works 绘画的元语言:符号学和几何学作为阐释绘画作品的通用语
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604052B
Jagor Bučan
The author of this paper considers the question whether semiotics can be used as a potential metalanguage that enables reasonable discussion on painting, or that provides a linguistic substitute for visual artworks. In contrast to iconography and iconology which are primarily diachronic disciplines directed to historical aspect of works of art, the semiotics of painting is based on synchronism; it deals with articulation and transformation of visual codes from the point of view of the 'textuality' of the painting. The aim of the text is to sum up the basic problems of the discipline, representing them through the viewpoints of acknowledged authors. Its aim is also to point to the limitations of semiotics of painting, and to its ideological aspects. Finally, the author offers a possible alternative to the semiotics as a metalanguage of painting in the form of geometry (i.e. geometrical analysis), which he compares with Chomsky's model of generative grammar.
本文的作者考虑的问题是,符号学是否可以作为一种潜在的元语言,使人们能够合理地讨论绘画,或者为视觉艺术提供一种语言替代品。图像学和图像学主要是针对艺术作品历史方面的历时性学科,与之相反,绘画的符号学是基于共时性的;它从绘画的“文本性”的角度处理视觉代码的表达和转换。本文的目的是总结该学科的基本问题,通过公认的作者的观点来代表这些问题。其目的还在于指出绘画符号学的局限性及其意识形态方面。最后,作者提出了一种以几何形式(即几何分析)替代符号学作为绘画元语言的可能选择,并将其与乔姆斯基的生成语法模型进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
There is also a story in Lutosławski: Narrative archetypes in the first movement of Witold Lutosławski's second symphony 在Lutosławski中也有一个故事:维托尔德Lutosławski第二交响曲第一乐章中的叙事原型
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604094Z
M. Zatkalik
Narrativity in music is seldom connected to the compositions based on aleatoric procedures and the use of sound masses. Yet, it can be demonstrated that the first movement of Witold Lutoslawski's Second Symphony projects a meaningful set of relations which is later called into question and reconfigured, thus meeting at least some of the conditions for narratological approach. The attention is focused on the tone pitch parameter and in that sense it can be noticed that the movement is founded on the alternation of twelve-note aggregate and symmetrical, all-combinatorial hexachord 012678. This description suggests invariance, the lack of directed movement, since both tonal arrays are characterised by a high level of entropy. In spite of this, there is a clear effort to achieve a directed movement, as a result of the procedures used to organise tonal pitches, and, especially, as a result of the treatment of hexachords. The paper will investigate how the flow of events in this movement can be related to the system of mythos - the archetypal narrative categories - as were first defined by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye, and adjusted for musical narrative by Byron Almen. The system is based on the intersection of the two fundamental opposites: defeat/victory and order/disorder, resulting in four categories: comedy, romance, irony/satire and tragedy. No matter how paradoxical it may seem, it is the abovementioned entropy that can be considered as the initial order, and its disorder is achieved by attempts to establish directed movement. The ambivalence of archetypal categories and their interweaving is not uncommon in the narrative process. Therefore, the possibility of various interpretations of narrative trajectory will be discussed.
音乐中的叙事性很少与基于任意程序和音团使用的作品联系在一起。然而,可以证明的是,维托尔德·卢托斯劳斯基的《第二交响曲》的第一乐章展示了一组有意义的关系,这些关系后来被质疑并重新配置,因此至少满足了叙事学方法的一些条件。注意力集中在音高参数上,从这个意义上说,可以注意到,这个运动是建立在十二个音符的交替上的,聚集和对称的,全组合六和弦012678。这种描述暗示了不变性,缺乏定向运动,因为两个音调阵列都具有高水平的熵。尽管如此,有一个明确的努力,以实现一个有针对性的运动,作为程序用于组织音调,特别是,作为六和弦的处理的结果。本文将研究这一运动中的事件流是如何与神话体系(原型叙事类别)联系起来的。神话体系是由加拿大文学评论家诺斯罗普·弗莱(Northrop Frye)首先定义的,并由拜伦·阿尔门(Byron Almen)根据音乐叙事进行了调整。该系统是基于两个基本对立面的交集:失败/胜利和秩序/混乱,导致四类:喜剧,浪漫,反讽/讽刺和悲剧。无论看起来多么矛盾,上述熵都可以被认为是初始秩序,而它的无序是通过尝试建立定向运动来实现的。原型范畴的矛盾心理及其相互交织在叙事过程中并不少见。因此,本文将讨论对叙事轨迹的各种解释的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropology of music: Paradigms and perspectives 音乐人类学:范式与视角
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBAKUM1604133R
Miloš Rašić
Music represents a relational category, in the sense that people write meaning into it, and later by the means of the same music they write the meaning into other people. Therefore, I regard music as a cultural construct. Music does not possess universal meanings, but it forms its numerous meanings in different cultural environments, as well as in different individual perceptions. In anthropology, music is not studied in relation to its musical characteristics or aesthetical values. Anthropologists study its role in a wider social system, and strive to understand, by analysing the role of music in a society, the social and cultural system it belongs to - musical structure is less important here. The goal of the paper is to give an overview of the paradigms in ethnology and anthropology which have been used in studying music. In addition, a hypothetical-theoretical framework for studying music in institutions is set. Although the theory of hubs, which is presented here as a potential framework for studying music in institutions, is exemplified by traditional music, it can be applied to any genre of music. The basic theoretical framework offered by the authors Nadia Kiwan and Hanna Mainhof has been supplemented by certain parts which the author thought appropriate for studying music in institutions, both in ethnological and anthropological discourse.
音乐代表了一种关系范畴,也就是说,人们把意义写进音乐中,然后通过同样的音乐,他们把意义写进其他人身上。因此,我认为音乐是一种文化建构。音乐并不具有普遍意义,但它在不同的文化环境中,以及在不同的个体感知中形成了它的众多意义。在人类学中,音乐不是根据其音乐特征或美学价值来研究的。人类学家研究音乐在更广泛的社会系统中的作用,并努力通过分析音乐在社会中的作用来理解它所属的社会和文化系统——音乐结构在这里不太重要。本文的目的是概述民族学和人类学范式在音乐研究中的应用。此外,本文还为高校音乐学习设定了一个假设理论框架。虽然枢纽理论,在这里是作为一个潜在的框架,在机构中研究音乐,以传统音乐为例,它可以应用于任何类型的音乐。作者Nadia Kiwan和Hanna Mainhof提供的基本理论框架被作者认为适合在人类学和民族学话语中研究音乐的某些部分所补充。
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引用次数: 1
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