Red perilla (Perilla frutescens) is used as a food, crude drug, and anti-allergy supplement. The main bioactive compounds in red perilla are perillaldehyde (PA), rosmarinic acid (RA), luteolin (LU), and anthocyanin (ANT). In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment duration with low nutrient solution temperature (low NST) on plant growth and main bioactive compound concentrations in red perilla. The dry weights of the aboveground part, main harvested part of red perilla, in uncontrolled NST (Control) and low NST groups were the same 0-6 days after the beginning of treatment (DAT), and that in low NST was lower than that in Control 9-12 DAT. Root dry weight in low NST was lower than that in Control regardless of treatment duration. Concerning individual leaves, the concentrations of PA and LU decreased with days; RA concentration, 0-6 days after the beginning of foliation, decreased with days, and that 6-12 days after the beginning of foliation increased with days in Control. ANT concentration did not change during foliation in Control. On the other hand, the concentrations of PA and RA increased in low NST, and the concentrations of PA and RA in low NST were maintained higher than those in Control 3-6 and 3-9 DAT, respectively. The concentrations of LU and ANT increased in low NST 9-12 DAT. Therefore, low NST treatment at 10 °C within 6 days was revealed to increase the concentrations of PA and RA without decrease in the dry weight of the harvested parts of red perilla plants.
{"title":"Time-course of Growth and Main Bioactive Compound Concentrations in Red Perilla under Low Nutrient Solution Temperature Treatment","authors":"E. Ogawa, S. Hikosaka, E. Goto","doi":"10.2525/SHITA.30.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/SHITA.30.115","url":null,"abstract":"Red perilla (Perilla frutescens) is used as a food, crude drug, and anti-allergy supplement. The main bioactive compounds in red perilla are perillaldehyde (PA), rosmarinic acid (RA), luteolin (LU), and anthocyanin (ANT). In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment duration with low nutrient solution temperature (low NST) on plant growth and main bioactive compound concentrations in red perilla. The dry weights of the aboveground part, main harvested part of red perilla, in uncontrolled NST (Control) and low NST groups were the same 0-6 days after the beginning of treatment (DAT), and that in low NST was lower than that in Control 9-12 DAT. Root dry weight in low NST was lower than that in Control regardless of treatment duration. Concerning individual leaves, the concentrations of PA and LU decreased with days; RA concentration, 0-6 days after the beginning of foliation, decreased with days, and that 6-12 days after the beginning of foliation increased with days in Control. ANT concentration did not change during foliation in Control. On the other hand, the concentrations of PA and RA increased in low NST, and the concentrations of PA and RA in low NST were maintained higher than those in Control 3-6 and 3-9 DAT, respectively. The concentrations of LU and ANT increased in low NST 9-12 DAT. Therefore, low NST treatment at 10 °C within 6 days was revealed to increase the concentrations of PA and RA without decrease in the dry weight of the harvested parts of red perilla plants.","PeriodicalId":315038,"journal":{"name":"Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116624805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the effect of CO2 enrichment on the cut flower quality and profitability during the winter season production of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. in a mild climate region with a long sunshine duration in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the benefits of CO2 enrichment in the area, where plants are grown in a greenhouse with high ventilation frequency owing to the mild weather conditions. Plants were cultivated under two greenhouse conditions: one was subjected to CO2 enrichment, and the other was control (without CO2 enrichment). CO2 was supplied during the day (from 8:00 to 15:00). The CO2 concentration setting in the CO2-enriched greenhouse was switched by closing and opening the ventilating windows; the concentration was 700 nmol mol when the windows were closed and 430 nmol mol when the windows were open. The average CO2 concentration in January with strong solar radiation from 10:00 to 15:00 was about 200 nmol mol higher in the CO2-enriched greenhouse than in the control greenhouse. Similarly, in March, the average CO2 concentration in the CO2-enriched greenhouse was 100 nmol mol higher than that in the control. CO2 enrichment improved the cut flower quality: the fresh weight of plants and diameter of main stem were increased. Therefore, the incidence of obtaining the highest-grade cut flower increased. CO2 enrichment also improved the shipping rate. Even after the production cost was considered, CO2 enrichment provided remarkable profit increase. The extent of profit depends on the cultivar and transplantation date. Thus, CO2 enrichment under a winter culture regime was effective for improving profitability in the mild climate region with a long sunshine duration in Japan.
{"title":"Effects of CO2 Enrichment on the Cut Flower Quality and Economic Efficiency of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. During the Winter Season Production in a Mild Climate Region with High Sunshine in Japan","authors":"A. Ushio, H. Shimaji, N. Fukuta","doi":"10.2525/SHITA.30.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/SHITA.30.103","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of CO2 enrichment on the cut flower quality and profitability during the winter season production of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. in a mild climate region with a long sunshine duration in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the benefits of CO2 enrichment in the area, where plants are grown in a greenhouse with high ventilation frequency owing to the mild weather conditions. Plants were cultivated under two greenhouse conditions: one was subjected to CO2 enrichment, and the other was control (without CO2 enrichment). CO2 was supplied during the day (from 8:00 to 15:00). The CO2 concentration setting in the CO2-enriched greenhouse was switched by closing and opening the ventilating windows; the concentration was 700 nmol mol when the windows were closed and 430 nmol mol when the windows were open. The average CO2 concentration in January with strong solar radiation from 10:00 to 15:00 was about 200 nmol mol higher in the CO2-enriched greenhouse than in the control greenhouse. Similarly, in March, the average CO2 concentration in the CO2-enriched greenhouse was 100 nmol mol higher than that in the control. CO2 enrichment improved the cut flower quality: the fresh weight of plants and diameter of main stem were increased. Therefore, the incidence of obtaining the highest-grade cut flower increased. CO2 enrichment also improved the shipping rate. Even after the production cost was considered, CO2 enrichment provided remarkable profit increase. The extent of profit depends on the cultivar and transplantation date. Thus, CO2 enrichment under a winter culture regime was effective for improving profitability in the mild climate region with a long sunshine duration in Japan.","PeriodicalId":315038,"journal":{"name":"Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132902808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fertigation control system based on plant weight using a load cell was developed to improve the stability of high-brix tomato fruit production with restricted root-zone hydroponics. In this control system, plant weight (Wx) was measured by hanging a tomato plant and a coconut fiber in a pot with nutrient solution dripping from a load cell. The maximum plant weight (Wmax) as Wx without plant water stress was measured after the first sufficient fertigation of the day. Relative plant weight (Rw) was used as an index of fertigation timing, which is calculated from a percentage of Wx towards Wmax. After the second fertigation, the fertigation pump starts when the Rw is less than the value of the start point for fertigation (SP) during the control period. Relative stem diameter (RSD) was used as an index of plant water stress by measuring tomato stem diameter using a laser sensor and was more closely correlated with Rw than with substrate water content and amount of evapotranspilation. The monitoring of Rw can be used to non-disruptively evaluate plant water stress. These results suggest that the fertigation control system based on measuring plant weight using a load cell can be used to avoid excessive plant water stress in tomato hydroponics producing high-brix fruit.
{"title":"Development of Fertigation Control System Based on Measuring Plant Weight Using Load Cell for High-brix Tomato Hydroponics.","authors":"N. Oishi, J. Imahara, Hironori Kani","doi":"10.2525/SHITA.30.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/SHITA.30.94","url":null,"abstract":"A fertigation control system based on plant weight using a load cell was developed to improve the stability of high-brix tomato fruit production with restricted root-zone hydroponics. In this control system, plant weight (Wx) was measured by hanging a tomato plant and a coconut fiber in a pot with nutrient solution dripping from a load cell. The maximum plant weight (Wmax) as Wx without plant water stress was measured after the first sufficient fertigation of the day. Relative plant weight (Rw) was used as an index of fertigation timing, which is calculated from a percentage of Wx towards Wmax. After the second fertigation, the fertigation pump starts when the Rw is less than the value of the start point for fertigation (SP) during the control period. Relative stem diameter (RSD) was used as an index of plant water stress by measuring tomato stem diameter using a laser sensor and was more closely correlated with Rw than with substrate water content and amount of evapotranspilation. The monitoring of Rw can be used to non-disruptively evaluate plant water stress. These results suggest that the fertigation control system based on measuring plant weight using a load cell can be used to avoid excessive plant water stress in tomato hydroponics producing high-brix fruit.","PeriodicalId":315038,"journal":{"name":"Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114827058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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