Phytopythium vexans (de Barry) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque was successfully isolated from the soil of the potatoes field in Ngablak, Magelang. This research aimed to obtain the knowledge and potency of P. vexans as a pathogen in potatoes, identify the morphology and molecular of P. vexans compared with the Oomycetes, Phytophthora and Pythium. The morphological observation was conducted based on a macroscopic colony pattern that grew for five days on the PDA medium and microscopic observation on its hyphae, sporangia, papillate, and chlamydospore. The molecular identification was conducted using multigene analysis, ITS and LSU. The in vitro pathogenicity test was obtained by inoculating P. vexans inoculum to the healthy potatoes leaves and tubers. The results of morphological observation showed that P. vexans had a stellate pattern, aseptate hyphae, and sporangium with an ovoid shape completed with semipapillate. Chlamydospore as a survival form was also found. This research revealed that the morphology of P. vexans was between Pythium and Phytophthora. Whereas, based on the molecular analysis using ITS and LSU, the Phytopythium spp. are more closely related to Phytophthora spp. rather than Pythium spp. The pathogenicity test of P. vexans showed that it could infect the flesh of potato tubers showing a brown lesions symptom
{"title":"First Report of Phytopythium vexans (de Barry) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque Causing Potato Tuber Rot in Indonesia","authors":"Islaminati Anna Santika, A. Widiastuti, A. Wibowo","doi":"10.22146/jpti.67556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.67556","url":null,"abstract":"Phytopythium vexans (de Barry) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque was successfully isolated from the soil of the potatoes field in Ngablak, Magelang. This research aimed to obtain the knowledge and potency of P. vexans as a pathogen in potatoes, identify the morphology and molecular of P. vexans compared with the Oomycetes, Phytophthora and Pythium. The morphological observation was conducted based on a macroscopic colony pattern that grew for five days on the PDA medium and microscopic observation on its hyphae, sporangia, papillate, and chlamydospore. The molecular identification was conducted using multigene analysis, ITS and LSU. The in vitro pathogenicity test was obtained by inoculating P. vexans inoculum to the healthy potatoes leaves and tubers. The results of morphological observation showed that P. vexans had a stellate pattern, aseptate hyphae, and sporangium with an ovoid shape completed with semipapillate. Chlamydospore as a survival form was also found. This research revealed that the morphology of P. vexans was between Pythium and Phytophthora. Whereas, based on the molecular analysis using ITS and LSU, the Phytopythium spp. are more closely related to Phytophthora spp. rather than Pythium spp. The pathogenicity test of P. vexans showed that it could infect the flesh of potato tubers showing a brown lesions symptom","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48624966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Sudiarta, G. Wirya, D. G. W. Selangga, M. Wangi
Plant pests and diseases cause decreases in strawberry yield in Bali, including plant viruses. Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) is a virus that infects strawberry plants and is transmitted by insects. However, studies about this disease in Bali are still limited. This study aimed to detect SVBV within insect bodies and determine the insect species of its vector. Methods used included (1) sampling; (2) detection of SVBV from insect bodies using primers (SVBV F/SVBV R) and PCR; and (3) molecular identification of viruliferous insect with primers (LCO 1490 F/HCO 2198 R) using PCR and sequencing analysis. This study successfully detected SVBV DNA in an insect from three insect families associated with strawberry plants in Pancasari Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali. Results from the nucleotide sequences analysis in SVBV viruliferous insects indicate that the insect was Myzus persicae.
{"title":"Detection of Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) and Identification of Viruliferous Insects Associated with Strawberry Plants (Fragaria sp.) in Bali","authors":"I. Sudiarta, G. Wirya, D. G. W. Selangga, M. Wangi","doi":"10.22146/jpti.57714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.57714","url":null,"abstract":"Plant pests and diseases cause decreases in strawberry yield in Bali, including plant viruses. Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) is a virus that infects strawberry plants and is transmitted by insects. However, studies about this disease in Bali are still limited. This study aimed to detect SVBV within insect bodies and determine the insect species of its vector. Methods used included (1) sampling; (2) detection of SVBV from insect bodies using primers (SVBV F/SVBV R) and PCR; and (3) molecular identification of viruliferous insect with primers (LCO 1490 F/HCO 2198 R) using PCR and sequencing analysis. This study successfully detected SVBV DNA in an insect from three insect families associated with strawberry plants in Pancasari Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali. Results from the nucleotide sequences analysis in SVBV viruliferous insects indicate that the insect was Myzus persicae.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice blast disease has become endemic in Purwoasri Village, Gumukmas District, Jember since 2018; this was due to the use of the Ciherang variety planted continuously. The study aimed to use the indigenous microorganisms (IM) suspension from Mimosa invisa roots, made by farmers from Pos Pelayanan Agens Hayati (PPAH, Biological Agent Service Post) in Ambulu District as the control agent for blast pathogens and increased rice production. The roots of rice seeds were dipped in IM suspension at a concentration of 50 mL/L for 2 hours to penetrate to roots. Seedlings with IM were planted in a block of 250 m2, and control was also planted in the same block size. In the IM-treated block, the incidence and severity of blast disease decreased compared to the control. The root treated by IM dipping was also increased the plant growth, including root architecture, root length, root volume, and the number of tillers/plant; furthermore, it improved the rice production. It was found that IM suspension contained pseudomonad fluorescent and Bacillussp. that belong to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) group.
{"title":"Dipping Seedling’s Rice Root with Indigenous Microorganisms from Mimosa invisa to Control Blast Disease and Increased Rice Production in Purwoasri Village, Jember","authors":"Abd. Rouf Rizqon, W. Wahyuni","doi":"10.22146/jpti.68379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.68379","url":null,"abstract":"Rice blast disease has become endemic in Purwoasri Village, Gumukmas District, Jember since 2018; this was due to the use of the Ciherang variety planted continuously. The study aimed to use the indigenous microorganisms (IM) suspension from Mimosa invisa roots, made by farmers from Pos Pelayanan Agens Hayati (PPAH, Biological Agent Service Post) in Ambulu District as the control agent for blast pathogens and increased rice production. The roots of rice seeds were dipped in IM suspension at a concentration of 50 mL/L for 2 hours to penetrate to roots. Seedlings with IM were planted in a block of 250 m2, and control was also planted in the same block size. In the IM-treated block, the incidence and severity of blast disease decreased compared to the control. The root treated by IM dipping was also increased the plant growth, including root architecture, root length, root volume, and the number of tillers/plant; furthermore, it improved the rice production. It was found that IM suspension contained pseudomonad fluorescent and Bacillussp. that belong to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) group. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the causes of yield loss in potato cultivation. Currently, information on the diversity, abundance, and dominance of potato parasitic nematode genera is not available. This research aimed to determine the pattern of distribution, abundance, and dominance of parasitic nematode genera on potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts at various altitudes i.e.: 1,250--1,500; 1,500--1,750; 1,750--2,000; and 2,000--2,250 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). Soil rhizosphere and root samples were collected, and nematodes were extracted using the Whitehead tray modification technique. The nematodes were adjusted with Formalin Acetic acid Alchohol (FAA), mounted, and identified based on morphological characters. The diversity index was determined to distinguish plant-parasitic nematode diversity. Six genera of potato plant-parasitic nematodes were found, namely Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, Globodera, Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, and Xiphinema. The highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes was found at 1,250–1,500 m.a.s.l. from both root and soil samples. The nematode populations were 56.67 nematodes/5 g root and 103.33 nematodes/100 g of soil. The abundance of parasitic nematodes did not differ significantly among different altitudes in both districts. The dominant parasitic nematodes in soil samples were Meloidogyne with 16.78%, while Globodera was 13.98%. The Shannon-Wiener index implied that the diversity of parasitic nematodes of potato plants and stability of community in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts were categorized as low.
{"title":"Plant Parasitic Nematode Abundance and Diversity in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivation at Various Altitudes in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara","authors":"K. Lubis, S. Indarti, N. S. Putra","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.26018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.26018","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the causes of yield loss in potato cultivation. Currently, information on the diversity, abundance, and dominance of potato parasitic nematode genera is not available. This research aimed to determine the pattern of distribution, abundance, and dominance of parasitic nematode genera on potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts at various altitudes i.e.: 1,250--1,500; 1,500--1,750; 1,750--2,000; and 2,000--2,250 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). Soil rhizosphere and root samples were collected, and nematodes were extracted using the Whitehead tray modification technique. The nematodes were adjusted with Formalin Acetic acid Alchohol (FAA), mounted, and identified based on morphological characters. The diversity index was determined to distinguish plant-parasitic nematode diversity. Six genera of potato plant-parasitic nematodes were found, namely Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, Globodera, Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, and Xiphinema. The highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes was found at 1,250–1,500 m.a.s.l. from both root and soil samples. The nematode populations were 56.67 nematodes/5 g root and 103.33 nematodes/100 g of soil. The abundance of parasitic nematodes did not differ significantly among different altitudes in both districts. The dominant parasitic nematodes in soil samples were Meloidogyne with 16.78%, while Globodera was 13.98%. The Shannon-Wiener index implied that the diversity of parasitic nematodes of potato plants and stability of community in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts were categorized as low.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethics in experimental research equals scientific integrity, a notion principle particularly stressing honesty while implementing discipline concepts on what is excellent and terrible. Some moral responsibility is defined through specifically agreed standards in doing experimental research. Ethics of experimental research in agriculture involves all activities done before, during, and after the study, consisting of personal, research, and social ethics. Ethical code and policy include, but are not limited to, honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, openness, intellectual right recognition, confidentiality, responsible publication, social responsibility, competency, legality, and protecting research object/subject (plant, animal, human) from possible unfair manipulation. One development triggering the controversy of agriculture’s experimental ethics is the progress of agricultural biotechnology which resulted in genetic engineering products. Rules, regulations, and laws concerning the use and development of genetic engineering in agriculture to avoid adverse effects of these products, such as rising environmental hazards, increasing human health degradation, and unfair economic competition, should be considered and implemented.
{"title":"Considering Ethics in Agricultural Experimental Research with Special Mention to Agricultural Biotechnology Research","authors":"D. Diptaningsari, E. Martono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.57790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.57790","url":null,"abstract":"Ethics in experimental research equals scientific integrity, a notion principle particularly stressing honesty while implementing discipline concepts on what is excellent and terrible. Some moral responsibility is defined through specifically agreed standards in doing experimental research. Ethics of experimental research in agriculture involves all activities done before, during, and after the study, consisting of personal, research, and social ethics. Ethical code and policy include, but are not limited to, honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, openness, intellectual right recognition, confidentiality, responsible publication, social responsibility, competency, legality, and protecting research object/subject (plant, animal, human) from possible unfair manipulation. One development triggering the controversy of agriculture’s experimental ethics is the progress of agricultural biotechnology which resulted in genetic engineering products. Rules, regulations, and laws concerning the use and development of genetic engineering in agriculture to avoid adverse effects of these products, such as rising environmental hazards, increasing human health degradation, and unfair economic competition, should be considered and implemented.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a correction to: Biology and the Statistic Demographic of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the Soybean with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Treatment. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 24(1), 54‒60. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.49846 In Author’s affiliation, typed as:Hermanu Triwidodo1)*, Anggun Agustini1), & Listihani1)1)Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB UniversityJln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680 IndonesiaTherefore, the Author’s affiliation was corrected to:Hermanu Triwidodo1)*, Anggun Agustini1), & Listihani2)1)Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB UniversityJln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia2)Faculty of Agriculture and Business, University of Mahasaraswati DenpasarJln. Kamboja No.11 A, Dangin Puri Kangin, Denpasar Utara, Bali 80233 Indonesia The editorial staff apologizes for the inconvenience. The online version of the corrected manuscript has been published in the open journal system of the Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia.
{"title":"Erratum to “Biology and the Statistic Demographic of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the Soybean with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Treatment” [Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 24(1), 54‒60]","authors":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","doi":"10.22146/jpti.68694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.68694","url":null,"abstract":"This is a correction to: Biology and the Statistic Demographic of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the Soybean with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Treatment. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 24(1), 54‒60. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.49846 In Author’s affiliation, typed as:Hermanu Triwidodo1)*, Anggun Agustini1), & Listihani1)1)Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB UniversityJln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680 IndonesiaTherefore, the Author’s affiliation was corrected to:Hermanu Triwidodo1)*, Anggun Agustini1), & Listihani2)1)Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB UniversityJln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia2)Faculty of Agriculture and Business, University of Mahasaraswati DenpasarJln. Kamboja No.11 A, Dangin Puri Kangin, Denpasar Utara, Bali 80233 Indonesia The editorial staff apologizes for the inconvenience. The online version of the corrected manuscript has been published in the open journal system of the Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. W. Minarni, L. Soesanto, A. Suyanto, Rostaman Rostaman
Nilaparvata lugens Stål. is an essential pest in rice plants. This pest attack can reduce crop yields and even crop failure. This research was conducted to obtain secondary metabolites that are effective in controlling brown planthopper (BPH). A randomized block design was used to test the effectiveness of secondary metabolites against BPH. The treatments tested were secondary metabolites produced by eight isolates of fungi consist of three concentrations: 5, 10, and 15%. Water and imidacloprid insecticide were used as control. The eight isolates were: J11 (Aspergillus sp.), J22 (Lecanicillium saksenae), J34 (Myrothecium sp.), J35 (Beauveria sp.), J41 (Fusarium sp.), J56 (Fusarium sp), J60 (Simplicillium sp.), and J65 (Curvularia sp.). Each treatment was repeated three times. The variables observed were mortality and time of death of BPH. Data were analyzed using the F test and followed by a DMRT if significant differences existed. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of the Lecanicillium saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. fungi effectively controlled BPH pests by 80‒100% within 3.22‒5.47 days. The fungus L. saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. contain insecticidal compounds, clogging the insect spiraculum, antifeedant, repellant, and antimicrobial.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Secondary Metabolites from Entomopathogenic Fungi for Control Nilaparvata lugens Stål. in the Laboratory Scale","authors":"E. W. Minarni, L. Soesanto, A. Suyanto, Rostaman Rostaman","doi":"10.22146/jpti.62116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.62116","url":null,"abstract":"Nilaparvata lugens Stål. is an essential pest in rice plants. This pest attack can reduce crop yields and even crop failure. This research was conducted to obtain secondary metabolites that are effective in controlling brown planthopper (BPH). A randomized block design was used to test the effectiveness of secondary metabolites against BPH. The treatments tested were secondary metabolites produced by eight isolates of fungi consist of three concentrations: 5, 10, and 15%. Water and imidacloprid insecticide were used as control. The eight isolates were: J11 (Aspergillus sp.), J22 (Lecanicillium saksenae), J34 (Myrothecium sp.), J35 (Beauveria sp.), J41 (Fusarium sp.), J56 (Fusarium sp), J60 (Simplicillium sp.), and J65 (Curvularia sp.). Each treatment was repeated three times. The variables observed were mortality and time of death of BPH. Data were analyzed using the F test and followed by a DMRT if significant differences existed. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of the Lecanicillium saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. fungi effectively controlled BPH pests by 80‒100% within 3.22‒5.47 days. The fungus L. saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. contain insecticidal compounds, clogging the insect spiraculum, antifeedant, repellant, and antimicrobial.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garlic bulb rot disease was found from garlics (Allium sativum L.) cultivated from 2017 to 2019 by farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The initial symptoms of the disease were stunted, leaf yellowing, and necrotizing to rotten bulbs. This research was conducted to determine the major causal agent of garlic bulb rot disease in Central Java. A survey was carried out in five regencies across Central Java that were major garlic-producing areas. Nematodes were isolated using water immersion methode and pathogenic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Nematode identification was carried out based on the Ditylenchus dipsaci morphological and morphometric character. Seven isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from infected garlic. Identification of four chosen isolates were performed by sequencing the TEF-1α gene. The TEF sequence of isolate TB3, KK1, and KK4 showed 99% similarity with several F. oxysporum, BT3 sequences showed 98% identity with several F. solani, and all were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Three locations were positively infected by the interaction between D. dipsaci and Fusarium sp. Based on the results of the morphological identification, parasitic nematode was identified as D. dipsaci, while based on the morphological and molecular identification isolates Fusarium were identified as F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively, as first report causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Central Java.
{"title":"Identification of Pathogens Causing Bulb Rot Disease on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"L. Arifin, S. Indarti, A. Wibowo","doi":"10.22146/jpti.64743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.64743","url":null,"abstract":"Garlic bulb rot disease was found from garlics (Allium sativum L.) cultivated from 2017 to 2019 by farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The initial symptoms of the disease were stunted, leaf yellowing, and necrotizing to rotten bulbs. This research was conducted to determine the major causal agent of garlic bulb rot disease in Central Java. A survey was carried out in five regencies across Central Java that were major garlic-producing areas. Nematodes were isolated using water immersion methode and pathogenic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Nematode identification was carried out based on the Ditylenchus dipsaci morphological and morphometric character. Seven isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from infected garlic. Identification of four chosen isolates were performed by sequencing the TEF-1α gene. The TEF sequence of isolate TB3, KK1, and KK4 showed 99% similarity with several F. oxysporum, BT3 sequences showed 98% identity with several F. solani, and all were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Three locations were positively infected by the interaction between D. dipsaci and Fusarium sp. Based on the results of the morphological identification, parasitic nematode was identified as D. dipsaci, while based on the morphological and molecular identification isolates Fusarium were identified as F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively, as first report causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Central Java.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichoderma spp. is a fungus widely used to control soil-borne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani which is plant pathogenic fungi in widely host range, especially on rice. This research aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice in vitro condition. Trichoderma sp. used in this research was obtained from The Biological Laboratory of Pakem, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Rhizoctonia sp. was obtained through isolation of diseased rice obtained from rice fields in Yogyakarta. The two isolates were characterized base on morphology and molecular identification based on ITS rDNA. The pathogenicity test of Rhizoctonia sp. was evaluated by adding four sclerotia of Rhizoctonia sp. near rice roots at 6 days after sowing. The in vitro test used dual culture and antifungal activity (0%, 10%, 25%, 50% culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp.) with three replicates of each treatment. Two isolates were identified as T. asperellum and R. solani. Sheath blight symptoms appeared after 12 days inoculation. In the in vitro test, T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani (64.23% on dual culture and 68.5% on antifungal activity). This study suggests that T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF able to inhibit the growth of R. solani and can be a further potential candidate as a biocontrol agent against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice.
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate UGM-LHAF against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Sheath Blight Disease of Rice","authors":"Yeyet Nurhayati, S. Suryanti, A. Wibowo","doi":"10.22146/jpti.65290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.65290","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma spp. is a fungus widely used to control soil-borne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani which is plant pathogenic fungi in widely host range, especially on rice. This research aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice in vitro condition. Trichoderma sp. used in this research was obtained from The Biological Laboratory of Pakem, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Rhizoctonia sp. was obtained through isolation of diseased rice obtained from rice fields in Yogyakarta. The two isolates were characterized base on morphology and molecular identification based on ITS rDNA. The pathogenicity test of Rhizoctonia sp. was evaluated by adding four sclerotia of Rhizoctonia sp. near rice roots at 6 days after sowing. The in vitro test used dual culture and antifungal activity (0%, 10%, 25%, 50% culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp.) with three replicates of each treatment. Two isolates were identified as T. asperellum and R. solani. Sheath blight symptoms appeared after 12 days inoculation. In the in vitro test, T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani (64.23% on dual culture and 68.5% on antifungal activity). This study suggests that T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF able to inhibit the growth of R. solani and can be a further potential candidate as a biocontrol agent against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43237379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant quarantine system becomes an important pillar in the protection of biological diversities from the threat of plant pests and diseases. The implementation of plant quarantine system currently covers prevention of spread of quarantine pests, food safety, food quality, genetic resources and bio-agents, as well as invasive alien species and genetically modified organism. During 2014 to 2018, a total of 232 frequency intercepted of quarantine pests of viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and weeds have been detected. These pests associated with plant materials from various countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, Australia and Africa that may potentially threaten biological diversities when dispersed within Indonesian territory. Implementation of risk analysis and appropriate level of protection consideration can be clustered in to pre-border, at-border, and post-border activities in order to mitigate the risk of quarantine pests and biosafety monitoring into Indonesian territory. Utilizing advances in pest detection technology in the industrial era 4.0 could provide benefits in the agricultural sectors. Various detection technologies using drones and bio-sensors have contributed in the field of plant protection, especially as pest detection and monitoring tools in the field. Furthermore, the establishment of proficiency certification agency for plant quarantine systems may contribute efficient and effective operations in the near future.
{"title":"New Paradigm on Plant Quarantine System for Protection of Biological Diversity in Indonesia","authors":"A. Tasrif, M. Taufik, N. Nazaruddin","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.62605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.62605","url":null,"abstract":"Plant quarantine system becomes an important pillar in the protection of biological diversities from the threat of plant pests and diseases. The implementation of plant quarantine system currently covers prevention of spread of quarantine pests, food safety, food quality, genetic resources and bio-agents, as well as invasive alien species and genetically modified organism. During 2014 to 2018, a total of 232 frequency intercepted of quarantine pests of viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and weeds have been detected. These pests associated with plant materials from various countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, Australia and Africa that may potentially threaten biological diversities when dispersed within Indonesian territory. Implementation of risk analysis and appropriate level of protection consideration can be clustered in to pre-border, at-border, and post-border activities in order to mitigate the risk of quarantine pests and biosafety monitoring into Indonesian territory. Utilizing advances in pest detection technology in the industrial era 4.0 could provide benefits in the agricultural sectors. Various detection technologies using drones and bio-sensors have contributed in the field of plant protection, especially as pest detection and monitoring tools in the field. Furthermore, the establishment of proficiency certification agency for plant quarantine systems may contribute efficient and effective operations in the near future.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43217173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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