Elfrida Indriani Reno Wulan, A. Wibowo, T. Joko, A. Widiastuti
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria has been known for its ability to induce plant resistance on shallot against twisted disease. Its ability as a bioprotectant agent is estimated to be comparable to the efficacy of Trichoderma which is currently widely used as a biological control agent.. This study aims to determine the content of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, peroxidase, and disease suppression in shallot by application of Bacillus velezensis B-27, Bacillus cereus RC76, and application with combination of both rhizobacteria. The application was carried out with tuber dipping for 30 minutes in each treatment with a bacterial density of 108 CFU mL-1. Application using Trichoderma was used as the comparison treatment, and the control plot was not given any treatment. Pathogen inoculation was carried out simultaneously as planting using Fusarium acutatum with a spore density of 106 CFU mL-1. The jasmonic and salicylic acids content was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method, and the peroxidase content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Disease suppression was measured at 10-day intervals. The results showed that treatment with Bacillus cereus RC76 increased jasmonic and salicylic acid levels, while application with Bacillus velezensis B-27 showed the highest level of peroxidase. Treatments with Bacillus spp. were able to suppress twisted disease by 72.2% to 100%. This study demonstrated that application Bacillus spp. suppressed twisted disease on shallot and increased the jasmonic and salicylic acid content as induced resistance mechanism against pathogens.
{"title":"Induced Resistance Mechanism of Twisted Disease Suppression of Shallot by Bacillus spp.","authors":"Elfrida Indriani Reno Wulan, A. Wibowo, T. Joko, A. Widiastuti","doi":"10.22146/jpti.73198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.73198","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria has been known for its ability to induce plant resistance on shallot against twisted disease. Its ability as a bioprotectant agent is estimated to be comparable to the efficacy of Trichoderma which is currently widely used as a biological control agent.. This study aims to determine the content of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, peroxidase, and disease suppression in shallot by application of Bacillus velezensis B-27, Bacillus cereus RC76, and application with combination of both rhizobacteria. The application was carried out with tuber dipping for 30 minutes in each treatment with a bacterial density of 108 CFU mL-1. Application using Trichoderma was used as the comparison treatment, and the control plot was not given any treatment. Pathogen inoculation was carried out simultaneously as planting using Fusarium acutatum with a spore density of 106 CFU mL-1. The jasmonic and salicylic acids content was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method, and the peroxidase content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Disease suppression was measured at 10-day intervals. The results showed that treatment with Bacillus cereus RC76 increased jasmonic and salicylic acid levels, while application with Bacillus velezensis B-27 showed the highest level of peroxidase. Treatments with Bacillus spp. were able to suppress twisted disease by 72.2% to 100%. This study demonstrated that application Bacillus spp. suppressed twisted disease on shallot and increased the jasmonic and salicylic acid content as induced resistance mechanism against pathogens.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decomposition is an important process in nature, as it can break down organic matter into smaller particles and nutrients. Nutrients are returned to the environment and can be reused by other organisms. One important organism that plays a role in the decomposition process is termites because termites are able to decompose organic matter such as wood in all habitats. Different termite habitats can be seen in terms of different types of land use. Some types of land use, such as natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements, can be used as a test site for wood decomposition by termites. All types of land use can be found in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to study the decomposition of wood by termites in several different types of land use. Four types of land use are selected from habitats with the least disturbed conditions to the extent of high habitat disturbances, namely natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements. The study was conducted in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research method uses pine wood bait (Pinus merkusii), measuring 1.9 cm x 1.9 cm x 25 cm. The wooden bait is winded for seven days, and the wood bait is weighed to gain its initial weight and measured moisture content. Furthermore, wood bait that has been installed is observed and re-weighed to gain final weight and measured water content. The results showed that deforestation in Dharmasraya, West Sumatra had an effect on reducing wood decomposition by termites. Five (5) termite species were found in wood bait, including Pericapritermes sp.1, Microtermes sp.1, Schedorhinotermes sp.1, Macrotermes gilvus, and Coptotermes curvignathus.
分解是自然界中一个重要的过程，因为它可以将有机物分解成更小的颗粒和营养物质。营养物质被返回到环境中，可以被其他生物再利用。在分解过程中起作用的一种重要生物是白蚁，因为白蚁能够分解所有栖息地的有机物质，如木材。根据不同的土地利用类型，可以看到不同的白蚁栖息地。某些类型的土地利用，如天然林、次生林、棕榈油种植园和定居点，可以用作白蚁分解木材的试验场。所有类型的土地使用都可以在西苏门答腊省的Dharmasraya Regency找到。本研究的目的是研究几种不同土地利用方式下白蚁对木材的分解。从受干扰程度最小的生境中选择了四种土地利用类型，即天然林、次生林、棕榈油种植园和定居点。这项研究是在西苏门答腊省Dharmasraya Regency进行的。研究方法采用松木诱饵(Pinus merkusii)，尺寸为1.9 cm x 1.9 cm x 25 cm。将木制诱饵缠绕七天，并称重以获得其初始重量并测量水分含量。此外，观察已安装的木诱饵并重新称重以获得最终重量并测量含水量。结果表明，西苏门答腊Dharmasraya的森林砍伐对减少白蚁对木材的分解有影响。在饵料中发现白蚁5种，分别为大白蚁、小白蚁、小白蚁、大白蚁和弯白蚁。
{"title":"Decomposition of Wood by Termites in Different Types of Land Use","authors":"Sri Heriza, D. Buchori, I. Harahap, N. Maryana","doi":"10.22146/jpti.69322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.69322","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition is an important process in nature, as it can break down organic matter into smaller particles and nutrients. Nutrients are returned to the environment and can be reused by other organisms. One important organism that plays a role in the decomposition process is termites because termites are able to decompose organic matter such as wood in all habitats. Different termite habitats can be seen in terms of different types of land use. Some types of land use, such as natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements, can be used as a test site for wood decomposition by termites. All types of land use can be found in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to study the decomposition of wood by termites in several different types of land use. Four types of land use are selected from habitats with the least disturbed conditions to the extent of high habitat disturbances, namely natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements. The study was conducted in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research method uses pine wood bait (Pinus merkusii), measuring 1.9 cm x 1.9 cm x 25 cm. The wooden bait is winded for seven days, and the wood bait is weighed to gain its initial weight and measured moisture content. Furthermore, wood bait that has been installed is observed and re-weighed to gain final weight and measured water content. The results showed that deforestation in Dharmasraya, West Sumatra had an effect on reducing wood decomposition by termites. Five (5) termite species were found in wood bait, including Pericapritermes sp.1, Microtermes sp.1, Schedorhinotermes sp.1, Macrotermes gilvus, and Coptotermes curvignathus.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizki Dwi Wahyuningsih, T. Harjaka, Suputa Suputa, Y. Trisyono
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has successfully invaded and spread to almost all provinces of Indonesia which may cause significant impacts on corn production. Local natural enemies could play an important role in managing this invasive insect, and more diverse ecosystems would benefit natural enemies. This study aimed to assess parasitization rates of S. frugiperda eggs by local egg parasitoids in three different corn ecosystems (agroforestry, rice field, and rainfed field) in East Java. Sentinel egg masses were used for this study by exposing eight-hour-old egg masses collected from the laboratory mass-rearing and left for 24 hours in corn plantations aged 7, 14, and 28 days after planting. Telenomus sp. was more abundant in the three ecosystems compared to Trichogramma sp. The egg mass parasitization varied from 15.6 to 52.5%. The number of egg masses parasitized was consistently higher in agroforestry, followed by rice fields and rainfed fields in all three different sampling times. Interestingly parasitization rates on egg masses were not different, and they ranged from 43.7 to 81.6%. These findings provide evidence on the importance of local egg parasitoids for managing S. frugiperda and some insights related to plant diversity to improving the services by these parasitoids.
{"title":"Parasitization Levels of Spodoptera frugiperda Eggs (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Three Different Corn Ecosystems in East Java","authors":"Rizki Dwi Wahyuningsih, T. Harjaka, Suputa Suputa, Y. Trisyono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.71598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.71598","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has successfully invaded and spread to almost all provinces of Indonesia which may cause significant impacts on corn production. Local natural enemies could play an important role in managing this invasive insect, and more diverse ecosystems would benefit natural enemies. This study aimed to assess parasitization rates of S. frugiperda eggs by local egg parasitoids in three different corn ecosystems (agroforestry, rice field, and rainfed field) in East Java. Sentinel egg masses were used for this study by exposing eight-hour-old egg masses collected from the laboratory mass-rearing and left for 24 hours in corn plantations aged 7, 14, and 28 days after planting. Telenomus sp. was more abundant in the three ecosystems compared to Trichogramma sp. The egg mass parasitization varied from 15.6 to 52.5%. The number of egg masses parasitized was consistently higher in agroforestry, followed by rice fields and rainfed fields in all three different sampling times. Interestingly parasitization rates on egg masses were not different, and they ranged from 43.7 to 81.6%. These findings provide evidence on the importance of local egg parasitoids for managing S. frugiperda and some insights related to plant diversity to improving the services by these parasitoids. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rich Gemilang Simanjuntak, T. Harjaka, A. Wijonarko
Helopeltis bradyi is often used as for research and is required in large numbers. The insects were obtained from cacao plants and reared with cucumber fruit in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine the biology and demography of H. bradyi reared on cucumber under laboratory conditions. The demographic parameters observed were net reproduction rate (Ro), gross reproduction rate (GRR), intrinsic growth rate (r), average generation period (T), and population doubling (DT). The results showed that the egg stage lasted for 6.33 ± 0.47 days, the developmental period of the I‒V instar nymph was 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.07 ± 0.25, 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.33 ± 0.47, and 3.20 ± 0.40 days. The lifespan of male imagoes were 32.33 ± 4.92 days, and female imagoes were 24.60 ± 6.64 days. The adult female pre-oviposition period was 2.2 ± 0.40 days and oviposition period of 22.9 ± 4.66 days. H. bradyi has a type III survival curve which indicated high mortality rates during the first instar egg and nymph population. Demographic statistics of H. bradyi on cucumbers fruit are GRR of 296 individuals per generation, Ro of 196 individuals per parent per generation, rate of r of 0.18 individuals per parent per day, T of 29.34 days, and DT of 3.85 days.
{"title":"Biology and Demography of Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) Reared on Cucumbers","authors":"Rich Gemilang Simanjuntak, T. Harjaka, A. Wijonarko","doi":"10.22146/jpti.71761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.71761","url":null,"abstract":"Helopeltis bradyi is often used as for research and is required in large numbers. The insects were obtained from cacao plants and reared with cucumber fruit in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine the biology and demography of H. bradyi reared on cucumber under laboratory conditions. The demographic parameters observed were net reproduction rate (Ro), gross reproduction rate (GRR), intrinsic growth rate (r), average generation period (T), and population doubling (DT). The results showed that the egg stage lasted for 6.33 ± 0.47 days, the developmental period of the I‒V instar nymph was 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.07 ± 0.25, 2.13 ± 0.34, 2.33 ± 0.47, and 3.20 ± 0.40 days. The lifespan of male imagoes were 32.33 ± 4.92 days, and female imagoes were 24.60 ± 6.64 days. The adult female pre-oviposition period was 2.2 ± 0.40 days and oviposition period of 22.9 ± 4.66 days. H. bradyi has a type III survival curve which indicated high mortality rates during the first instar egg and nymph population. Demographic statistics of H. bradyi on cucumbers fruit are GRR of 296 individuals per generation, Ro of 196 individuals per parent per generation, rate of r of 0.18 individuals per parent per day, T of 29.34 days, and DT of 3.85 days.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hastuti, E. P. Ningsih, S. Ritawati, R. Khastini
Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest in rice plants and has become a global pest. This pest causes hopperburn in rice plants. This research aimed to know the effect of vermicompost from different feeding materials on rice plant damage by brown planthopper attack. This research was carried out in November 2019–March 2020 at the Sistandu integrated farming system, Serang City, Banten. The experiment method used in this research was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor was vermicompost (P) 5 levels, while the second factor was rice varieties (V) with two groups so that there were ten treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, then followed by 5% DMRT. The results showed that the application of vermicompost with different feeding materials gave non-significant results to the growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase and fecundity of the BPH. However, it significantly affected the intensity of rice plant damage in the generative phase, the offspring population of BPH, and the BPH feeding rate. While the use of two varieties of rice does not have a distinct effect on all parameters. There is no interaction effect between two factors, both vermicompost feeding material treatment and rice plant variety, to all the parameters that have been studied.
{"title":"Application of Vermicompost with Different Feeding Material for Inducing Rice Plant Resistance against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) Attack","authors":"D. Hastuti, E. P. Ningsih, S. Ritawati, R. Khastini","doi":"10.22146/jpti.60824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.60824","url":null,"abstract":"Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest in rice plants and has become a global pest. This pest causes hopperburn in rice plants. This research aimed to know the effect of vermicompost from different feeding materials on rice plant damage by brown planthopper attack. This research was carried out in November 2019–March 2020 at the Sistandu integrated farming system, Serang City, Banten. The experiment method used in this research was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor was vermicompost (P) 5 levels, while the second factor was rice varieties (V) with two groups so that there were ten treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, then followed by 5% DMRT. The results showed that the application of vermicompost with different feeding materials gave non-significant results to the growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase and fecundity of the BPH. However, it significantly affected the intensity of rice plant damage in the generative phase, the offspring population of BPH, and the BPH feeding rate. While the use of two varieties of rice does not have a distinct effect on all parameters. There is no interaction effect between two factors, both vermicompost feeding material treatment and rice plant variety, to all the parameters that have been studied.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Indonesia, rice is used as the first strategic food commodity and a priority in agricultural development. However, in practice, efforts to increase it still experience various obstacles, one of which is caused by the attack of pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. This study aimed to determine the characters of R. solani and observe its pathogenicity on some local rice varieties in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Four isolates of R. solani were used, namely RS MS2, RS MKP2, RS UMB, and RS PN, as well as six varieties of local rice varieties, which were Menthik Susu, Cempo Merah, Cempo Hitam, Segreng, Menoreh, and Hitam Makaryo, and national rice varieties IR 64 and Ciherang. Morphological characterization was carried out based on the cultural characteristics of the colony, hyphae, and sclerotia. A pathogenicity test was carried out using the Detached Leaf Inoculation method. The result showed that R. solani characters vary from whitish-brown, yellowish-brown, and light brown colonies; moderate and fast growth rates; abundant-aerial, moderate-aerial, and slight-aerial growth patterns; 90° hyphae branching, narrowing of hyphae at the branching point, and presence of sclerotia. The pathogenicity test gave the results of all isolates having varying pathogenicity levels on each rice variety. Menthik Susu, Cempo Hitam, and Hitam Makaryo were resistant to R. solani. Cempo Merah and Segreng were considered as moderately resistant varieties, whereas Menoreh was categorized as moderately susceptible. Ciherang and IR64 were susceptible varieties to R. solani.
{"title":"Characterization and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Associated with Sheath Blight in Local Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) of Special Region of Yogyakarta","authors":"Maulin Nafisa, Adiana Nayogyani, R. Kasiamdari","doi":"10.22146/jpti.67557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.67557","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, rice is used as the first strategic food commodity and a priority in agricultural development. However, in practice, efforts to increase it still experience various obstacles, one of which is caused by the attack of pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. This study aimed to determine the characters of R. solani and observe its pathogenicity on some local rice varieties in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Four isolates of R. solani were used, namely RS MS2, RS MKP2, RS UMB, and RS PN, as well as six varieties of local rice varieties, which were Menthik Susu, Cempo Merah, Cempo Hitam, Segreng, Menoreh, and Hitam Makaryo, and national rice varieties IR 64 and Ciherang. Morphological characterization was carried out based on the cultural characteristics of the colony, hyphae, and sclerotia. A pathogenicity test was carried out using the Detached Leaf Inoculation method. The result showed that R. solani characters vary from whitish-brown, yellowish-brown, and light brown colonies; moderate and fast growth rates; abundant-aerial, moderate-aerial, and slight-aerial growth patterns; 90° hyphae branching, narrowing of hyphae at the branching point, and presence of sclerotia. The pathogenicity test gave the results of all isolates having varying pathogenicity levels on each rice variety. Menthik Susu, Cempo Hitam, and Hitam Makaryo were resistant to R. solani. Cempo Merah and Segreng were considered as moderately resistant varieties, whereas Menoreh was categorized as moderately susceptible. Ciherang and IR64 were susceptible varieties to R. solani.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Martono, Ruwinda Wahyu Wijayanti, Kusnanik Kusnanik, D. V. Torani
Paraquat dichloride is a herbicide compound commonly used to control grasses and broadleaf weeds. Its use is presently under scrutiny as there is a report that this herbicide is very harmful and hazardous to the environment, especially to wild fauna surrounding the farming sites. An irrigated rice farming locale experiment was conducted to observe the effect of paraquat treatment on rice plant biotic environment, particularly its arthropods and earthworm population, two of the most prominent fauna easily affected by paraquat. The study was carried out in Seyegan District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, on irrigated rice land from October 2018 to February 2019. Four treatments of paraquat, i.e. control (0 kg/ha paraquat), lower dose (0.8 kg/ha), medium dose (1.6 kg/ha), and higher dose (3.2 kg/ha) were arranged. Carbendazim 5 kg/ha was also applied as comparing pesticides, especially for paraquat’s effect on the earthworm. The treatments were replicated five times in a plot of 5 x 5 m2. The number of arthropods and earthworms was observed in about two weeks intervals or more. The observation was done for the number of arthropods and their families, while for earthworms, only for their numbers. The arthropods population data were subjected to diversity indices and statistical analysis, while the earthworms data were statistically analyzed. The result showed that the arthropod numbers in treated plots were statistically significantly different, but biologically their number was still abundant. Their diversity did not differ from the control treatment at all. The arthropod numbers were 2007, 1483, 1095, 1746, and 1204 in control, lower, medium, higher, and carbendazim plots. The earthworms' numbers were still plenty; those in the higher dosage did not differ significantly from those in control. Their numbers from control, lower, medium, higher dose, and carbendazim plots were 811, 658, 567, 882, and 445 individual earthworms.
百草枯二氯化物是一种常用于控制草和阔叶杂草的除草剂化合物。目前正在对其使用进行审查，因为有报告称，这种除草剂对环境非常有害，尤其是对农场周围的野生动物非常有害。通过稻田灌溉试验，观察了百草枯处理对水稻植物生物环境的影响，特别是对其节肢动物和蚯蚓种群的影响。这项研究于2018年10月至2019年2月在日惹省特别地区Sleman Regency Seyegan区的灌溉稻田上进行。安排了四种百草枯处理，即对照组（0公斤/公顷百草枯）、低剂量组（0.8公斤/公顷）、中剂量组（1.6公斤/ha）和高剂量组（3.2公斤/哈）。多菌灵5kg/ha也被用作比较农药，特别是百草枯对蚯蚓的影响。在5 x 5 m2的地块上重复处理5次。节肢动物和蚯蚓的数量是在大约两周或更长的时间间隔内观察到的。对节肢动物及其家族的数量进行了观察，而对蚯蚓的观察仅针对其数量。对节肢动物种群数据进行多样性指数和统计分析，对蚯蚓数据进行统计分析。结果表明，处理小区节肢动物数量在统计学上有显著差异，但在生物学上其数量仍然丰富。它们的多样性与对照组没有任何差异。对照、低、中、高和多菌灵小区的节肢动物数量分别为2007、1483、1095、1746和1204。蚯蚓的数量仍然很多；高剂量组与对照组没有显著差异。对照、低剂量、中剂量、高剂量和多菌灵小区的蚯蚓数量分别为811、658、567、882和445条。
{"title":"Arthropod and Earthworm Populations on Irrigated Rice Farming Land after Paraquat Herbicide Application","authors":"E. Martono, Ruwinda Wahyu Wijayanti, Kusnanik Kusnanik, D. V. Torani","doi":"10.22146/jpti.54363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.54363","url":null,"abstract":"Paraquat dichloride is a herbicide compound commonly used to control grasses and broadleaf weeds. Its use is presently under scrutiny as there is a report that this herbicide is very harmful and hazardous to the environment, especially to wild fauna surrounding the farming sites. An irrigated rice farming locale experiment was conducted to observe the effect of paraquat treatment on rice plant biotic environment, particularly its arthropods and earthworm population, two of the most prominent fauna easily affected by paraquat. The study was carried out in Seyegan District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, on irrigated rice land from October 2018 to February 2019. Four treatments of paraquat, i.e. control (0 kg/ha paraquat), lower dose (0.8 kg/ha), medium dose (1.6 kg/ha), and higher dose (3.2 kg/ha) were arranged. Carbendazim 5 kg/ha was also applied as comparing pesticides, especially for paraquat’s effect on the earthworm. The treatments were replicated five times in a plot of 5 x 5 m2. The number of arthropods and earthworms was observed in about two weeks intervals or more. The observation was done for the number of arthropods and their families, while for earthworms, only for their numbers. The arthropods population data were subjected to diversity indices and statistical analysis, while the earthworms data were statistically analyzed. The result showed that the arthropod numbers in treated plots were statistically significantly different, but biologically their number was still abundant. Their diversity did not differ from the control treatment at all. The arthropod numbers were 2007, 1483, 1095, 1746, and 1204 in control, lower, medium, higher, and carbendazim plots. The earthworms' numbers were still plenty; those in the higher dosage did not differ significantly from those in control. Their numbers from control, lower, medium, higher dose, and carbendazim plots were 811, 658, 567, 882, and 445 individual earthworms. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49095360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This survey was done in several guava fields around Bogor and found many unhealthy plants infested by various plant pests and diseases. This study aimed to analyze the effect of various guava cultivars on pest and disease intensity on guava in the Sub-District of Tanah Sareal, Bogor. Samples were collected from 20 fields that consisted of 15 samples of Getas Merah and 5 samples of Bangkok Putih cultivars to identify plant pests and diseases. Interviews were done with field owners to obtain information on cultivating practices. Pests found based on morphological identification included plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae), bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), Geometrid caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Pyralid caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae), planthoppers (Hemiptera: Flatidae), and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Disease and pathogens identified included red rust disease (Cephaleuros sp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), and fruit cancer (Pestalotia sp.). The occurrence of biting-chewing type pests was greater than piercing-sucking type insects, including 33.33% and 34.99%. Red rust disease was the dominant disease found on both guava cultivars consisting of 68.88% and 63.33% of the samples.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Two Varieties of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) to Pest and Disease Infection in the Sub-District of Tanah Sareal, Bogor","authors":"H. Triwidodo, E. T. Tondok, Desy Nur Avifah","doi":"10.22146/jpti.49851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.49851","url":null,"abstract":"This survey was done in several guava fields around Bogor and found many unhealthy plants infested by various plant pests and diseases. This study aimed to analyze the effect of various guava cultivars on pest and disease intensity on guava in the Sub-District of Tanah Sareal, Bogor. Samples were collected from 20 fields that consisted of 15 samples of Getas Merah and 5 samples of Bangkok Putih cultivars to identify plant pests and diseases. Interviews were done with field owners to obtain information on cultivating practices. Pests found based on morphological identification included plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae), bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), Geometrid caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Pyralid caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae), planthoppers (Hemiptera: Flatidae), and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Disease and pathogens identified included red rust disease (Cephaleuros sp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), and fruit cancer (Pestalotia sp.). The occurrence of biting-chewing type pests was greater than piercing-sucking type insects, including 33.33% and 34.99%. Red rust disease was the dominant disease found on both guava cultivars consisting of 68.88% and 63.33% of the samples. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corn plant is one of Indonesia's agricultural products with economical and strategic value and many potential to develop, such as the main carbohydrates and protein source. There are two types of beneficial insects in corn planting: predators and parasitoids. This study aims to know the diversity of beneficial insects in corn plantations. It was conducted from May – September 2019 in four different locations across West Sumatra, namely Padang Pariaman, West Pasaman, Pesisir Selatan, Solok Regencies. Identification of beneficial insects was made in Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. This study adopted a purposive sampling method using swing net 20 times, following the transect line of corn planting. The result showed five orders, 34 families, 101 morphospecies, and 747 beneficial insects in all locations. The diversity in each place varies from high, medium, and low. In all areas, the diversity index was high, with the criteria of ≥ 2.90, which means that the condition of the community structure was very stable. From the evenness index analysis, three locations were classified as high, and the other one was moderate. These three sites were Padang Pariaman, West Pasaman, and Solok, with criteria of ≥ 0.90 and very stable distribution conditions.
{"title":"Diversity of Beneficial Insect in Corn Plantation at West Sumatra","authors":"Martinus Abuzar, U. Khairul, H. Hamid","doi":"10.22146/jpti.61254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.61254","url":null,"abstract":"The corn plant is one of Indonesia's agricultural products with economical and strategic value and many potential to develop, such as the main carbohydrates and protein source. There are two types of beneficial insects in corn planting: predators and parasitoids. This study aims to know the diversity of beneficial insects in corn plantations. It was conducted from May – September 2019 in four different locations across West Sumatra, namely Padang Pariaman, West Pasaman, Pesisir Selatan, Solok Regencies. Identification of beneficial insects was made in Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. This study adopted a purposive sampling method using swing net 20 times, following the transect line of corn planting. The result showed five orders, 34 families, 101 morphospecies, and 747 beneficial insects in all locations. The diversity in each place varies from high, medium, and low. In all areas, the diversity index was high, with the criteria of ≥ 2.90, which means that the condition of the community structure was very stable. From the evenness index analysis, three locations were classified as high, and the other one was moderate. These three sites were Padang Pariaman, West Pasaman, and Solok, with criteria of ≥ 0.90 and very stable distribution conditions. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tika Pramudya Wardani, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo
Various viruses can cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. Proper detection of the cause of the mosaic disease helps determine effective control. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of double infection of Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) with Potato virus Y (PVY) using multiplex RT-PCR in tobacco plants from Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The viral suspension was inoculated on Chenopodium amaranticolor to obtain one viral colony from one local lesion. The multiplex RT-PCR method using Tobamovirus primers (TobRT-up1 and TobRT-do2) and Potyvirus primers (MJ1 and MJ2) can detect double infection caused by ReMV with PVY in tobacco plants distributed in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The multiplex RT-PCR product showed that tobacco samples with mosaic symptoms from Temanggung, Klaten, Bantul, and Kalasan were positive ReMV. Multiplex RT-PCR has successfully detected double infection of ReMV and PVY on tobacco samples from Klaten and Kalasan. ReMV Bantul, Kalasan, and Klaten were homolog to ReMV USA isolate and ReMV Temanggung was homolog to ReMV Japanese isolate. PVY Klaten was homolog to PVY Turkey isolate, and PVY Kalasan was homolog to PVY Iran.
{"title":"Double Infections of Rehmannia mosaic virus and Potato virus Y on Tobacco Plants in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta","authors":"Tika Pramudya Wardani, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo","doi":"10.22146/jpti.67468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.67468","url":null,"abstract":"Various viruses can cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. Proper detection of the cause of the mosaic disease helps determine effective control. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of double infection of Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) with Potato virus Y (PVY) using multiplex RT-PCR in tobacco plants from Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The viral suspension was inoculated on Chenopodium amaranticolor to obtain one viral colony from one local lesion. The multiplex RT-PCR method using Tobamovirus primers (TobRT-up1 and TobRT-do2) and Potyvirus primers (MJ1 and MJ2) can detect double infection caused by ReMV with PVY in tobacco plants distributed in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The multiplex RT-PCR product showed that tobacco samples with mosaic symptoms from Temanggung, Klaten, Bantul, and Kalasan were positive ReMV. Multiplex RT-PCR has successfully detected double infection of ReMV and PVY on tobacco samples from Klaten and Kalasan. ReMV Bantul, Kalasan, and Klaten were homolog to ReMV USA isolate and ReMV Temanggung was homolog to ReMV Japanese isolate. PVY Klaten was homolog to PVY Turkey isolate, and PVY Kalasan was homolog to PVY Iran. ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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