A survey was conducted in several sweet potato cultivations in Bali Province. Survey found that many plants exhibited potyvirus symptom, such as chlorosis blotches. This study was to determine disease incidence, detection and identification of the virus causing these symptoms on sweet potato plants in Bali. Samples were collected by purposive sampling of 10 plants from each location in Bali (Denpasar, Gianyar, Badung, Buleleng, Tabanan, Klungkung, Karangasem, Jembrana, Bangli). Disease insidence was observed based on viral symptoms in the field. Identification of nucleic acids was done using Potyvirus universal primer and DNA sequencing. Disease incidence in Bangli, Buleleng, and Denpasar Regencies was > 50%. RT-PCR and CiFor/CiRev Potyvirus universal primers successfully amplified ± 700 bp of CI genes from all samples from Bangli, while samples from 8 other districts were not amplified using the same primers. The SPVC isolate of sweet potato showed nucleotide and amino acid homology similarities with the sweet potato isolate from East Timor (MF572066), 96.8% and 97.4%, respectively and these were referred to the "Asian" strain. This indicates that SPVC has spread in East Java and Bali.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Sweet potato virus C on Sweetpotato in Bali, Indonesia","authors":"Listihani Listihani, D. G. W. Selangga","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.64545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.64545","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted in several sweet potato cultivations in Bali Province. Survey found that many plants exhibited potyvirus symptom, such as chlorosis blotches. This study was to determine disease incidence, detection and identification of the virus causing these symptoms on sweet potato plants in Bali. Samples were collected by purposive sampling of 10 plants from each location in Bali (Denpasar, Gianyar, Badung, Buleleng, Tabanan, Klungkung, Karangasem, Jembrana, Bangli). Disease insidence was observed based on viral symptoms in the field. Identification of nucleic acids was done using Potyvirus universal primer and DNA sequencing. Disease incidence in Bangli, Buleleng, and Denpasar Regencies was > 50%. RT-PCR and CiFor/CiRev Potyvirus universal primers successfully amplified ± 700 bp of CI genes from all samples from Bangli, while samples from 8 other districts were not amplified using the same primers. The SPVC isolate of sweet potato showed nucleotide and amino acid homology similarities with the sweet potato isolate from East Timor (MF572066), 96.8% and 97.4%, respectively and these were referred to the \"Asian\" strain. This indicates that SPVC has spread in East Java and Bali.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42457414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. G. W. Selangga, I. K. Widnyana, Listihani Listihani
Yellow mosaic symptoms were identified from cucumber production systems in Gianyar and were similar to symptoms of PRSV infection. Further research was conducted to determine diseases incidence and molecular characteristic of PRSV. Ninety leaf samples were collected from Gianyar by purposive sampling and disease incidence calculations were based on symptoms in the field. Detection and identification were done using a RT-PCR with specific primers of CP PRSV-P, CP PRSV-W and DNA sequencing. Disease incidences in the fields ranged between 5.81–66.87%. Specific DNA band 470 bp was successfully amplified from several cucumber leaf samples collected from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh; but no DNA were amplified from all samples when using CP PRSV-W specific primer. Nucleotide and amino acid analysis showed nucleotides homology to isolates from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh, i.e. 98.9–99.5% and 99.1–100%, respectively. Results indicated that genetic variation of PRSV-P from Gianyar was low. Furthermore, the nucleotides homology of PRSV-P isolates from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh were with PRSV-P isolates which infected cucumbers from Nganjuk (LC311783) and Brebes (LC311784), while from native papaya collected in Bali Bali (LC223115) were 97.2–98.4% and 98.6–100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that PRSV-P isolates from Indonesia were in the same cluster with Thailand isolates. The results showed that sources of PRSV-P inoculums spreading into new areas.
{"title":"The Existence of Papaya ringspot virus-Papaya Strain on Cucumber in Gianyar, Bali","authors":"D. G. W. Selangga, I. K. Widnyana, Listihani Listihani","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.64703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.64703","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow mosaic symptoms were identified from cucumber production systems in Gianyar and were similar to symptoms of PRSV infection. Further research was conducted to determine diseases incidence and molecular characteristic of PRSV. Ninety leaf samples were collected from Gianyar by purposive sampling and disease incidence calculations were based on symptoms in the field. Detection and identification were done using a RT-PCR with specific primers of CP PRSV-P, CP PRSV-W and DNA sequencing. Disease incidences in the fields ranged between 5.81–66.87%. Specific DNA band 470 bp was successfully amplified from several cucumber leaf samples collected from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh; but no DNA were amplified from all samples when using CP PRSV-W specific primer. Nucleotide and amino acid analysis showed nucleotides homology to isolates from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh, i.e. 98.9–99.5% and 99.1–100%, respectively. Results indicated that genetic variation of PRSV-P from Gianyar was low. Furthermore, the nucleotides homology of PRSV-P isolates from Ubud, Payangan, Tegallalang, Sukawati, Gianyar, and Blahbatuh were with PRSV-P isolates which infected cucumbers from Nganjuk (LC311783) and Brebes (LC311784), while from native papaya collected in Bali Bali (LC223115) were 97.2–98.4% and 98.6–100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that PRSV-P isolates from Indonesia were in the same cluster with Thailand isolates. The results showed that sources of PRSV-P inoculums spreading into new areas.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurenik Nurenik, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo, Argawi Kandito
Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.
{"title":"Double Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot latent virus in Garlic from Several Regions in Indonesia","authors":"Nurenik Nurenik, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo, Argawi Kandito","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.62818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.62818","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43864346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kusumaningrum, S. Sulandari, Y. Trisyono, S. Hartono
The brown plant hopper (BPH) is a major pest of rice and as a vector of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) and Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV). Curently, numerous rice yellow stunt disease symptoms are found in the field that caused by the single and simultaneous infection of these two viruses. Brown plant hopper population correlate with the incidence and severity of the disease. Misuse of insecticides, would cause of BPH resistances to imidacloprid. This study aimed to investigate the ability of BPH imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible to transmit of rice yellow stunt disease on rice plants. The variables tested were the acquisition period, inoculation period, number of infesting BPH, and lifespans of the viruliferous BPH that used in this research. Experiments were set as separated Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications for each treatment within an experiment. The results showed that both resistant and susceptible BPH to imidacloprid was able to transmit the virus to healthy plants. The acquisition and inoculation period test showed the BPH could transmit the virus with the shortest acquisition time for 30 minutes followed 24 hours of inoculation, as well as the acquisition time of 10 days with the shortest inoculation time for 30 minutes. Based on the incubation time, symptoms variation, and disease severity, susceptible BPH were more effective in transmitting rice yellow stunt disease than imidacloprid-resistant BPH. Single imidacloprid-resistant or susceptible BPH was proven able to transmit rice yellow stunt disease to healthy plants during its lifespan. Lifespans BPH viruliferous of imidacloprid-resistant were shorter than susceptible, which was 16 days for resistant BPH and 21 days for susceptible BPH.
{"title":"Transmission Effectivity of Rice Yellow Stunt Disease by Imidacloprid-Resistant and Susceptible Brown Plant Hopper","authors":"S. Kusumaningrum, S. Sulandari, Y. Trisyono, S. Hartono","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.61226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.61226","url":null,"abstract":"The brown plant hopper (BPH) is a major pest of rice and as a vector of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) and Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV). Curently, numerous rice yellow stunt disease symptoms are found in the field that caused by the single and simultaneous infection of these two viruses. Brown plant hopper population correlate with the incidence and severity of the disease. Misuse of insecticides, would cause of BPH resistances to imidacloprid. This study aimed to investigate the ability of BPH imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible to transmit of rice yellow stunt disease on rice plants. The variables tested were the acquisition period, inoculation period, number of infesting BPH, and lifespans of the viruliferous BPH that used in this research. Experiments were set as separated Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications for each treatment within an experiment. The results showed that both resistant and susceptible BPH to imidacloprid was able to transmit the virus to healthy plants. The acquisition and inoculation period test showed the BPH could transmit the virus with the shortest acquisition time for 30 minutes followed 24 hours of inoculation, as well as the acquisition time of 10 days with the shortest inoculation time for 30 minutes. Based on the incubation time, symptoms variation, and disease severity, susceptible BPH were more effective in transmitting rice yellow stunt disease than imidacloprid-resistant BPH. Single imidacloprid-resistant or susceptible BPH was proven able to transmit rice yellow stunt disease to healthy plants during its lifespan. Lifespans BPH viruliferous of imidacloprid-resistant were shorter than susceptible, which was 16 days for resistant BPH and 21 days for susceptible BPH.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48499234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waterlily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae is one of the aphids that have many hosts, including Azolla filiculoides, Limnobium laevigatum, Monochoria vaginalis and Spirodela polyrhiza. The aim of this study was to study the effect of host shift and confirm the results of previous studies on the effect of nitrogen and carbon factors among A. filiculoides, L. laevigatum, M. vaginalis and S. polyrhiza on the level of aphid preference and number of offspring. Analysis of the nitrogen and carbon content of plants was also carried out to confirm the preference and number of offspring produced by aphids. The study began with maintaining aphids on the four tested hosts, up to the 4th generation. Twenty five individuals were randomly selected from each host, then released on the inner wall of the plastic container (14 x 7.5 x 15 cm3) which was filled with four hosts arranged side by side. Observations were made every 24 hours up to 97 hours starting from the first hour after treatment. Observations after 97 hours showed that waterlily aphids imago preferred L. laevigatum the most (49.28%), then on M. vaginalis (20.43%), S. polyrhiza (16.33%), and A. filiculoides (1.75%). Meanwhile, the number of offspring produced by each group of aphids that selected on four hosts were: 46.65 individuals on L. laevigatum, 37.8 individuals on M. vaginalis, 19 individuals on S. polyrhiza, and 0.6 individuals on A. filiculoides. The analysis showed that the highest nitrogen content was found in M. vaginalis (4.16%), followed by S. polyrhiza (3.71%), L. laevigatum (2.33%), and A. filiculoides (2.08%).
睡莲蚜Rhopalosiphum若虫科是一种寄主众多的蚜虫，包括丝状亚速藻（Azolla filiculoides）、金翅虫（Limnobium laevigatum）、阴道单孔虫（Monochoria vaginalis）和多螺旋体（Spirodela polyrhiza）。本研究的目的是研究寄主转移的影响，并证实先前关于丝状A.filiculoides、金龟子L.laevigatum、阴道M.vaginalis和多莱茵S.polyrhiza之间氮和碳因子对蚜虫偏好水平和后代数量影响的研究结果。还对植物的氮和碳含量进行了分析，以确认蚜虫的偏好和后代数量。这项研究从在四个受试宿主上维持蚜虫开始，一直到第4代。从每个宿主中随机选择25个个体，然后将其释放在塑料容器（14 x 7.5 x 15 cm3）的内壁上，该容器装有并排排列的四个宿主。从治疗后的第一个小时开始，每24小时至97小时进行一次观察。97小时后的观察表明，成虫对金龟子的偏好最高（49.28%），其次是阴道金龟子（20.43%）、多裂金龟子和丝状金龟子。同时，在四个寄主上选择的每组蚜虫产生的后代数量分别为：金龟子46.65个、阴道金龟草37.8个、多裂金龟子19个，丝状A.filiculoides上有0.6个个体。分析表明，阴道分枝杆菌的含氮量最高（4.16%），其次是多莱茵分枝杆菌（3.71%）、金翅虫（2.33%）和丝状分枝杆菌（2.08%）。
{"title":"Preference of the Waterlily Aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Four Hostplants","authors":"I. Z. Fahmi, N. S. Putra, S. Indarti, S. Sato","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.62855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.62855","url":null,"abstract":"Waterlily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae is one of the aphids that have many hosts, including Azolla filiculoides, Limnobium laevigatum, Monochoria vaginalis and Spirodela polyrhiza. The aim of this study was to study the effect of host shift and confirm the results of previous studies on the effect of nitrogen and carbon factors among A. filiculoides, L. laevigatum, M. vaginalis and S. polyrhiza on the level of aphid preference and number of offspring. Analysis of the nitrogen and carbon content of plants was also carried out to confirm the preference and number of offspring produced by aphids. The study began with maintaining aphids on the four tested hosts, up to the 4th generation. Twenty five individuals were randomly selected from each host, then released on the inner wall of the plastic container (14 x 7.5 x 15 cm3) which was filled with four hosts arranged side by side. Observations were made every 24 hours up to 97 hours starting from the first hour after treatment. Observations after 97 hours showed that waterlily aphids imago preferred L. laevigatum the most (49.28%), then on M. vaginalis (20.43%), S. polyrhiza (16.33%), and A. filiculoides (1.75%). Meanwhile, the number of offspring produced by each group of aphids that selected on four hosts were: 46.65 individuals on L. laevigatum, 37.8 individuals on M. vaginalis, 19 individuals on S. polyrhiza, and 0.6 individuals on A. filiculoides. The analysis showed that the highest nitrogen content was found in M. vaginalis (4.16%), followed by S. polyrhiza (3.71%), L. laevigatum (2.33%), and A. filiculoides (2.08%).","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49615102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The observation conducted from 2000 to 2018 found that rice sheath rot has become an emerging disease in several regions. The disease was able to reduce quality and quantity of rice yield. This research objective was to study the history and status of rice sheath rot caused by Sarocladium oryzae. Data was obtained from literature study, farmer interview, and field survey. Data were used to calculate disease incidence followed by visual observation of the symptoms caused by this disease. Identification of sheath rot pathogen was done using microscopic and molecular techniques using specific primers. Rice sheath rot was first reported in Indonesia as a minor disease in 1987 and has only currently become an important disease. This fungus generally causes rice sheath rot in Karawang and Cianjur Regency. Disease incidence of rice sheath rot was 12.56% without considering the varieties at all generative growth stages. Average disease incidence on all rice varieties observed was 12.64%, except for IR 42 (0%). The level of rice plants damage due to rice sheath rot in Cianjur was higher than Karawang with average disease incidence of 11.58% and 9.27%, respectively. Rice sheath rot symptoms have often been found in the last 10 years with average level of damage of 3%‒18% and yield loss of 10%-15%. This disease has proven to be important and has become a challenge in rice cultivation. The fungus that infect rice plants in Karawang and Cianjur had different morphotypes, namely KP, KP2, KP3, PW3, and PW03. The amplification results showed that all fungal isolates were S. oryzae.
{"title":"History of Sheath Rot Disease in Indonesia and Disease Severity in Two Rice Production Centres of West Java","authors":"K. Afifah, S. Wiyono, T. Yuliani, B. S. Wibowo","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.47665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.47665","url":null,"abstract":"The observation conducted from 2000 to 2018 found that rice sheath rot has become an emerging disease in several regions. The disease was able to reduce quality and quantity of rice yield. This research objective was to study the history and status of rice sheath rot caused by Sarocladium oryzae. Data was obtained from literature study, farmer interview, and field survey. Data were used to calculate disease incidence followed by visual observation of the symptoms caused by this disease. Identification of sheath rot pathogen was done using microscopic and molecular techniques using specific primers. Rice sheath rot was first reported in Indonesia as a minor disease in 1987 and has only currently become an important disease. This fungus generally causes rice sheath rot in Karawang and Cianjur Regency. Disease incidence of rice sheath rot was 12.56% without considering the varieties at all generative growth stages. Average disease incidence on all rice varieties observed was 12.64%, except for IR 42 (0%). The level of rice plants damage due to rice sheath rot in Cianjur was higher than Karawang with average disease incidence of 11.58% and 9.27%, respectively. Rice sheath rot symptoms have often been found in the last 10 years with average level of damage of 3%‒18% and yield loss of 10%-15%. This disease has proven to be important and has become a challenge in rice cultivation. The fungus that infect rice plants in Karawang and Cianjur had different morphotypes, namely KP, KP2, KP3, PW3, and PW03. The amplification results showed that all fungal isolates were S. oryzae.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48613642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-yielding varieties are used as one of the technologies to increase rice productivity in Indonesia. Varieties, however, invite the arrival of arthropod during their growing phase. One of the method to manage arthropods during the growing stage is the use of high-yielding varieties. In this trial, IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Mekongga and Mixed Varieties were used. The mixed variety is a combination of IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Mekongga. These rice varieties are the most common varieties used by farmers in Bantul Regency. To collect arthropods, the traps used were sweep net, yellow sticky and pitfall traps. The purpose of this study was to determine arthropod’s diversity, evenness and dominance in different rice plant varieties in one planting season. The study was conducted in the village of Wijirejo, Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The observations were conducted in the evening between 16.00–18.00 p.m., with the interval of twice a week for 5 observations. Arthropods were identified up to the family level. This research resulted in the diversity index (Shannon-Winner) of 1.97–2.82 which is categorized as medium, the evenness index of 0.61–0.71, categorized as medium and the dominance index of 0.10–0.22, categorized as lower level. The ecosystemof the research area was unstable in diversity, evenness, and dominance due to the transition process, and it took quite some times to stabilize the rice fields. Therefore, a more thorough research is still necessary, especially for the ricegrowing season to follow.
{"title":"Diversity of Arthropods in Different Rice Varieties in Bantul Regency","authors":"Indah Lestari, E. Martono, A. Wijonarko","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.58587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.58587","url":null,"abstract":"High-yielding varieties are used as one of the technologies to increase rice productivity in Indonesia. Varieties, however, invite the arrival of arthropod during their growing phase. One of the method to manage arthropods during the growing stage is the use of high-yielding varieties. In this trial, IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Mekongga and Mixed Varieties were used. The mixed variety is a combination of IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Mekongga. These rice varieties are the most common varieties used by farmers in Bantul Regency. To collect arthropods, the traps used were sweep net, yellow sticky and pitfall traps. The purpose of this study was to determine arthropod’s diversity, evenness and dominance in different rice plant varieties in one planting season. The study was conducted in the village of Wijirejo, Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The observations were conducted in the evening between 16.00–18.00 p.m., with the interval of twice a week for 5 observations. Arthropods were identified up to the family level. This research resulted in the diversity index (Shannon-Winner) of 1.97–2.82 which is categorized as medium, the evenness index of 0.61–0.71, categorized as medium and the dominance index of 0.10–0.22, categorized as lower level. The ecosystemof the research area was unstable in diversity, evenness, and dominance due to the transition process, and it took quite some times to stabilize the rice fields. Therefore, a more thorough research is still necessary, especially for the ricegrowing season to follow.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alvina Clara Giovanni, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo
Begomovirus was reported as one of the most aggressive and destructive viruses on several commercial crops, including cucurbits in Indonesia. Plants that infected with Begomovirus show the mosaic symptom on the leaves, change in leaf shape, stunts, change in color and shape of fruit. It was recently observed in cultivated angled luffa [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb] around Yogyakarta and Central Java. The aim of this research was to identify the virus by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result of Begomovirus amplification from the total DNA samples amplification using primer Krusty-Homer showed that DNA of Begomovirus from angled luffa was amplified at ~580bp. The DNA sequencing of angled luffa’s leaf isolate GD1 had 97.8% homology with SCLV-China isolate MC1. However, amplification of DNA seed samples using the same primer showed negative result. It was concluded that Begomovirus was not a seed borne virus. This is the first molecular report on the occurence of Begomovirus in angled luffa in Yogyakarta.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Begomovirus Infecting Angled Luffa","authors":"Alvina Clara Giovanni, S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, S. Somowiyarjo","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.31073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.31073","url":null,"abstract":"Begomovirus was reported as one of the most aggressive and destructive viruses on several commercial crops, including cucurbits in Indonesia. Plants that infected with Begomovirus show the mosaic symptom on the leaves, change in leaf shape, stunts, change in color and shape of fruit. It was recently observed in cultivated angled luffa [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb] around Yogyakarta and Central Java. The aim of this research was to identify the virus by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result of Begomovirus amplification from the total DNA samples amplification using primer Krusty-Homer showed that DNA of Begomovirus from angled luffa was amplified at ~580bp. The DNA sequencing of angled luffa’s leaf isolate GD1 had 97.8% homology with SCLV-China isolate MC1. However, amplification of DNA seed samples using the same primer showed negative result. It was concluded that Begomovirus was not a seed borne virus. This is the first molecular report on the occurence of Begomovirus in angled luffa in Yogyakarta.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45017604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anugerah Pustakawan Pradipta, F. X. Wagiman, Witjaksono Witjaksono
Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are known to attack palms. O. rhinoceros is a major pest in oil palm while X. gideon is a minor pest found in certain areas with a relatively few numbers. Collecting these beetles by hand picking and trapping are intended to reduce their population. Objectives of this study were to describe an intimacy of shared existence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon in the oil palm plantation, and to determine the effect of manual collection of the beetles from the decomposing trunks compared to those that were collected using attractant traps. The study was conducted in Asahan Regency, North Sumatera, in Sei Silau PTPN III oil palm plantation. Five traps (2 Ha/trap) containing the pheromone ethyl-4-methyloctanoate were installed randomly at a replanting area of immature palm. Beetle collection was performed daily for 30 consecutive days using two methods, i.e. (a) hand-picking of beetles on the decomposed trunks at surrounding the trap for 2 hour per day, and (b) using pheromone traps. Simple regression and correlation model was used for data analysis. Results showed that coexistence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon was observed at the breeding sites of decomposing trunks, but not in the traps, and their coexistence showed a weak relationship (r = 0.12). Number of collected O. rhinoceros (221 beetles) was much more than X. gideon (82 beetles). Natural sex ratio (male: female) was approximately 0.5 for O. rhinoceros and 0.4 for X. gideon. Collection of the beetles in the decomposed trunks showed a moderately positive relationship (r = 0.43) with, and significantly influenced (18.73%) to the collection of beetles using pheromone traps.
{"title":"The Coexistence of Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Immature Plant in Oil Palm Plantation","authors":"Anugerah Pustakawan Pradipta, F. X. Wagiman, Witjaksono Witjaksono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.52582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.52582","url":null,"abstract":"Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are known to attack palms. O. rhinoceros is a major pest in oil palm while X. gideon is a minor pest found in certain areas with a relatively few numbers. Collecting these beetles by hand picking and trapping are intended to reduce their population. Objectives of this study were to describe an intimacy of shared existence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon in the oil palm plantation, and to determine the effect of manual collection of the beetles from the decomposing trunks compared to those that were collected using attractant traps. The study was conducted in Asahan Regency, North Sumatera, in Sei Silau PTPN III oil palm plantation. Five traps (2 Ha/trap) containing the pheromone ethyl-4-methyloctanoate were installed randomly at a replanting area of immature palm. Beetle collection was performed daily for 30 consecutive days using two methods, i.e. (a) hand-picking of beetles on the decomposed trunks at surrounding the trap for 2 hour per day, and (b) using pheromone traps. Simple regression and correlation model was used for data analysis. Results showed that coexistence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon was observed at the breeding sites of decomposing trunks, but not in the traps, and their coexistence showed a weak relationship (r = 0.12). Number of collected O. rhinoceros (221 beetles) was much more than X. gideon (82 beetles). Natural sex ratio (male: female) was approximately 0.5 for O. rhinoceros and 0.4 for X. gideon. Collection of the beetles in the decomposed trunks showed a moderately positive relationship (r = 0.43) with, and significantly influenced (18.73%) to the collection of beetles using pheromone traps.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novi Kusumaning Astuti, Suputa Suputa, Nugroho Susetyo Putra, M. Indarwatmi
Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is a unique fruit and it has decadent prospects to be developed as an export commodity. Nevertheless, oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel seems to decrease the quantity and quality of this fruit. On the other side, irradiation has been developed as a standard quarantine treatment to disinfest fruit fly on fruit. The objective of this research was to determine impact of irradiation by Cobalt-60 gamma-ray on the development and survivorship of eggs and the third instar of fruitfly larvae using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches and minimum dose of Cobalt-60 gamma rays applied for snake fruit. Six doses of gamma-ray, i.e. 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy were used in this experiment. The results showed that Cobalt-60 disturbed development and survivor rate of B. dorsalis. The development of eggs into pupa was failed when treated with Cobalt-60 at any doses, while the third instar larvae failed to become adult when irradiated with 75, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma-ray. The impacts were increased with the increment of dose. Furthermore, impact of gamma-ray irradiation was greater on eggs compared to the third instar of larvae. The minimum dose of irradiation to prevent adults emerge was 118 Gy.
{"title":"Gamma Irradiation Treatment of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Snake Fruit","authors":"Novi Kusumaning Astuti, Suputa Suputa, Nugroho Susetyo Putra, M. Indarwatmi","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.36618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.36618","url":null,"abstract":"Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is a unique fruit and it has decadent prospects to be developed as an export commodity. Nevertheless, oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel seems to decrease the quantity and quality of this fruit. On the other side, irradiation has been developed as a standard quarantine treatment to disinfest fruit fly on fruit. The objective of this research was to determine impact of irradiation by Cobalt-60 gamma-ray on the development and survivorship of eggs and the third instar of fruitfly larvae using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches and minimum dose of Cobalt-60 gamma rays applied for snake fruit. Six doses of gamma-ray, i.e. 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy were used in this experiment. The results showed that Cobalt-60 disturbed development and survivor rate of B. dorsalis. The development of eggs into pupa was failed when treated with Cobalt-60 at any doses, while the third instar larvae failed to become adult when irradiated with 75, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma-ray. The impacts were increased with the increment of dose. Furthermore, impact of gamma-ray irradiation was greater on eggs compared to the third instar of larvae. The minimum dose of irradiation to prevent adults emerge was 118 Gy.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43322129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：