Bemisia tabaci is one of the limiting factors in chili farming, because it can cause damage both directly and indirectly as a vector for the Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV). Intercropping chili with corn is one of the efforts to control B. tabaci. Physically, corn plants are able to withstand the presence of B. tabaci, in addition to producing volatile compounds that are repellent to B. tabaci. This research was conducted to determine the optimal age of corn plants to be intercropped with chili plants. The research was conducted in Pleret District, Bantul Regency by testing five different ages of corn: 2 weeks after planting, 6 weeks after planting, 8 weeks after planting, 10 weeks after planting and control (without intercropping with corn). Weeks after planting are counted from the first day the corn seeds were planted. Yellow sticky trap (YST) was used to determine the presence of B. tabaci population in each treatment plot. YST was tied to bamboo sticks and placed on treatment beds with as many as 2 (two) traps per treatment plot. The distance between the yellow sticky trap and the plant was 30 cm, so the height of the trap was always adjusted according to the height of the plant. Observation of B. tabaci population was carried out every 5 days by counting the number of B. tabaci caught in yellow sticky traps. The results showed that the population of B. tabaci in the chili plots intercropped with corn was lower than that in the control plot, especially at the age of 6 weeks after planting (WAP). However, the intercropping of chilies and corn had no significant effect on the incidence of yellow disease in chilies.
烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）是辣椒种植的限制因素之一，因为它既能直接造成损害，又能作为辣椒黄叶卷曲病毒（PepYLCV）的媒介间接造成损害。辣椒与玉米间作是控制 B. tabaci 的努力之一。从物理上讲，玉米植株除了能产生驱避 B. tabaci 的挥发性化合物外，还能抵御 B. tabaci 的存在。这项研究旨在确定玉米植株与辣椒植株间作的最佳年龄。研究在班图尔省普勒雷特地区进行，测试了五种不同的玉米株龄：播种后 2 周、播种后 6 周、播种后 8 周、播种后 10 周和对照组（未与玉米间作）。播种后的周数从玉米种子播种的第一天算起。使用黄色粘性诱捕器（YST）来确定各处理小区的烟青虫数量。将黄色粘胶诱捕器绑在竹签上，放置在处理床上，每个处理小区放置 2 个诱捕器。黄色粘性诱捕器与植物之间的距离为 30 厘米，因此诱捕器的高度始终根据植物的高度进行调整。每隔 5 天通过计算黄色粘胶诱捕器捕获的 B. tabaci 数量来观察 B. tabaci 的数量。结果表明，辣椒与玉米间作的地块中的 B. tabaci 数量低于对照地块，尤其是在播种后 6 周（WAP）。然而，辣椒与玉米间作对辣椒黄病的发生率没有显著影响。
{"title":"Population of Bemisia tabaci and Incidence of Yellow Disease in Chili Intercropped with Corn","authors":"Kiki Yolanda, Witjaksono Witjaksono, N. S. Putra","doi":"10.22146/jpti.88503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.88503","url":null,"abstract":"Bemisia tabaci is one of the limiting factors in chili farming, because it can cause damage both directly and indirectly as a vector for the Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV). Intercropping chili with corn is one of the efforts to control B. tabaci. Physically, corn plants are able to withstand the presence of B. tabaci, in addition to producing volatile compounds that are repellent to B. tabaci. This research was conducted to determine the optimal age of corn plants to be intercropped with chili plants. The research was conducted in Pleret District, Bantul Regency by testing five different ages of corn: 2 weeks after planting, 6 weeks after planting, 8 weeks after planting, 10 weeks after planting and control (without intercropping with corn). Weeks after planting are counted from the first day the corn seeds were planted. Yellow sticky trap (YST) was used to determine the presence of B. tabaci population in each treatment plot. YST was tied to bamboo sticks and placed on treatment beds with as many as 2 (two) traps per treatment plot. The distance between the yellow sticky trap and the plant was 30 cm, so the height of the trap was always adjusted according to the height of the plant. Observation of B. tabaci population was carried out every 5 days by counting the number of B. tabaci caught in yellow sticky traps. The results showed that the population of B. tabaci in the chili plots intercropped with corn was lower than that in the control plot, especially at the age of 6 weeks after planting (WAP). However, the intercropping of chilies and corn had no significant effect on the incidence of yellow disease in chilies.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"66 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhizospheric fungi can have serve as biological agents against plant pathogens Alternaria alternata, which infects carrot plants. Rhizospheric fungi are more abundant in organic lands. This study aims to isolate fungi from organic carrot’s rhizosphere that are able to suppress A. alternata’s growth and determine isolate rhizospheric fungi ability to inhibit A. alternata to identify potential biological control agents against A. alternata. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Basic Biology, Diponegoro University, between January–June 2023. Research methods include survey location, soil sampling, rhizospheric fungi isolation, pathogenic fungi isolation, creating growth curve, pathogenicity tests, antagonism tests, and fungi identification. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) and was analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level of significance and Duncan's hoc-posttest. Fungi isolation from organic carrot plant’s rhizosphere resulted in 13 isolates consisting of six genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, and Simplicillium. The antagonism test showed that eight antagonistic isolates, including the genus Penicillium (WO1, WO6, WO10), Paecilomyces (WO5), Myrothecium (WO7), Trichoderma (WO9), and Aspergillus (WO11, WO13), where WO1, WO6, WO10, and WO11 have a medium percentage of inhibition (44.12-57.84%), while WO5, WO7, WO9, and WO13 have a high percentage of inhibition (64.29-76.06%). The eight isolates showed antagonism mechanisms, including antibiosis (WO1, WO5, WO6, WO7, WO10, and WO11) and parasitism (WO9 and WO13).
{"title":"Isolation of Potential Antagonistic Rhizosphere Fungi against Alternaria alternata from Organic Carrot Productions","authors":"Nita Noviyanti, S. Purwantisari, Agung Suprihadi","doi":"10.22146/jpti.94840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.94840","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizospheric fungi can have serve as biological agents against plant pathogens Alternaria alternata, which infects carrot plants. Rhizospheric fungi are more abundant in organic lands. This study aims to isolate fungi from organic carrot’s rhizosphere that are able to suppress A. alternata’s growth and determine isolate rhizospheric fungi ability to inhibit A. alternata to identify potential biological control agents against A. alternata. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Basic Biology, Diponegoro University, between January–June 2023. Research methods include survey location, soil sampling, rhizospheric fungi isolation, pathogenic fungi isolation, creating growth curve, pathogenicity tests, antagonism tests, and fungi identification. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) and was analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level of significance and Duncan's hoc-posttest. Fungi isolation from organic carrot plant’s rhizosphere resulted in 13 isolates consisting of six genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, and Simplicillium. The antagonism test showed that eight antagonistic isolates, including the genus Penicillium (WO1, WO6, WO10), Paecilomyces (WO5), Myrothecium (WO7), Trichoderma (WO9), and Aspergillus (WO11, WO13), where WO1, WO6, WO10, and WO11 have a medium percentage of inhibition (44.12-57.84%), while WO5, WO7, WO9, and WO13 have a high percentage of inhibition (64.29-76.06%). The eight isolates showed antagonism mechanisms, including antibiosis (WO1, WO5, WO6, WO7, WO10, and WO11) and parasitism (WO9 and WO13). ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"76 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloesporium on chili is a disease that can reduce chili yields up to 80%. Control with fungicide has not been able to provide maximum results, because Colletotrichum can spread due to splashing of water, especially in the rainy season. The use of antagonistic fungi against Colletotrichum spp. has been widely published but is still limited to the laboratory and greenhouse scale, while field conditions are unpredictable. This study aims to identify the potency of Trichoderma viride that can be used as a biofungicide to control anthracnose in chili and to determine aspects of agronomic that can reduce the risk of anthracnose in chili. Samples of infected plants of stems, leaves, and fruits were collected from experimental farm of Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Design and Randomized Complete Block Design. The percentage of disease intensity of the fungus C capsici and the intensity of anthracnose in chili both under screen house and open fields. While testing the effect of cultivation aspects using different types of fertilizer on plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, and the percentage of disease intensity of Colletotrichum spp. were analyzed. The results of this study shown that four isolates of fungi have been identified such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, T. viride, and C. capsici. In vitro analysis shown the ability of T. viride to suppress the growth of the C. capsici up to 71%. The fungus T. viride with a density of 7×106 CFU/mL can suppress the development of anthracnose by 59 to 87% under screen house conditions. However, under field conditions, the fungus T. viride was not able to suppress the development of anthracnose. Agronomic aspects such as plant height, number of fruits and production, and productivity of chili were not significantly effect on anthracnose.
辣椒上的炭疽病是由荚膜盘孢菌和球孢盘孢菌引起的，可使辣椒减产达 80%。使用杀真菌剂进行防治并不能达到最佳效果，因为 Colletotrichum 可以通过溅水传播，尤其是在雨季。使用拮抗真菌来抗击 Colletotrichum spp.的研究成果已广泛发表，但仍局限于实验室和温室规模，而田间条件是不可预测的。本研究旨在确定可用作生物杀真菌剂来控制辣椒炭疽病的病毒毛霉的效力，并确定可降低辣椒炭疽病风险的农艺方面。受感染植株的茎、叶和果实样本取自茂物农业发展理工学院的实验农场。实验采用随机完全设计和随机完全区组设计。结果表明，在苫房和露地栽培的辣椒中，辣椒疫霉菌的发病率和炭疽病的发病率都很高。研究分析了施用不同类型肥料的栽培方式对株高、果重、果实数量和菌核病发病率的影响。研究结果表明，已鉴定出四种真菌分离物，如青霉菌、黄曲霉、T. viride 和 C. capsici。体外分析表明，T. viride 真菌能抑制 C. capsici 真菌生长达 71%。在筛选室条件下，密度为 7×106 CFU/mL 的 T. viride 真菌能抑制炭疽病发展 59% 到 87%。但在田间条件下，病毒真菌不能抑制炭疽病的发展。辣椒的株高、果实数量和产量以及生产率等农艺指标对炭疽病的影响不明显。
{"title":"Potential Antagonists Trichoderma viride as Biofungicide, Plant Spacing, and Agricultural Lime Application to Suppress Anthracnose on Chili","authors":"Arifin Tasrif, Yuliar Yuliar, Dwiwanti Sulistyowati, Endang Krisnawati, Bayu Adirianto, Dwi Sugiharti","doi":"10.22146/jpti.87342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.87342","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloesporium on chili is a disease that can reduce chili yields up to 80%. Control with fungicide has not been able to provide maximum results, because Colletotrichum can spread due to splashing of water, especially in the rainy season. The use of antagonistic fungi against Colletotrichum spp. has been widely published but is still limited to the laboratory and greenhouse scale, while field conditions are unpredictable. This study aims to identify the potency of Trichoderma viride that can be used as a biofungicide to control anthracnose in chili and to determine aspects of agronomic that can reduce the risk of anthracnose in chili. Samples of infected plants of stems, leaves, and fruits were collected from experimental farm of Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Design and Randomized Complete Block Design. The percentage of disease intensity of the fungus C capsici and the intensity of anthracnose in chili both under screen house and open fields. While testing the effect of cultivation aspects using different types of fertilizer on plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, and the percentage of disease intensity of Colletotrichum spp. were analyzed. The results of this study shown that four isolates of fungi have been identified such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, T. viride, and C. capsici. In vitro analysis shown the ability of T. viride to suppress the growth of the C. capsici up to 71%. The fungus T. viride with a density of 7×106 CFU/mL can suppress the development of anthracnose by 59 to 87% under screen house conditions. However, under field conditions, the fungus T. viride was not able to suppress the development of anthracnose. Agronomic aspects such as plant height, number of fruits and production, and productivity of chili were not significantly effect on anthracnose.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"121 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saipul Abbas, Ernawati Djaya, Erwin Najamuddin, Amelia Sebayang, Ayyub Ar Rahman, Aminah Aminah, H. Hasbi, S. Sipi, Nur Fathurahman Ridwan, R. Ismayanti, Elisurya Ibrahim
South Sulawesi is one of the largest rice production centers in Indonesia. Several important diseases of rice plants, such as those caused by viruses and phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by insect vectors, especially leafhoppers and stem plant. Symptoms of diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas are quite diverse but visually similar and difficult to distinguish. This study aims to analyze the presence of phytoplasma associated with white-backed planthopper which are commonly found in rice plantations. The research method used is by conducting surveys and explorations of insect samples in six villages in Sidrap District. White-back planthoppers found on rice plantations showing symptoms of yellowing and stunted leaves were sampled for further analysis, including total DNA isolation of insects, standard PCR amplification for insect and Nested-PCR for phytoplasma identification, gene sequencing for both amplicons, and nucleotide analysis using BLAST method and Mega X program. The PCR with CO1 primer successfully amplified a 700 bp amplicon from insects, whereas nested-PCR using fP1/rP7 primers followed by m23SR/R16F2n amplified phytoplasma supposedly around 1800 bp and 1250 bp of 16S RNA gene, respectively. The DNA sequencing analysis results indicate that the insect samples were identified as 83% Sogatella vibix species based on homology percentage analysis using BLAST and Mega X Program. As for the phytoplasma, it leans more towards the 16SrI group or Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (Aster yellows phytoplasma) with a homology percentage of 99%.
南苏拉威西岛是印度尼西亚最大的水稻生产中心之一。水稻植物的几种重要病害，如病毒和植物病原体引起的病害，可通过昆虫媒介传播，尤其是叶蝉和茎螨。由病毒和植物病原体引起的病害症状多种多样，但视觉效果相似，难以区分。本研究旨在分析与水稻种植园中常见的白背飞虱相关的植原体的存在情况。 研究方法是在 Sidrap 区的六个村庄进行昆虫样本调查和探索。对在水稻种植园中发现的表现为叶片发黄和发育不良症状的白背飞虱进行取样，以进一步分析，包括昆虫的总 DNA 分离、昆虫的标准 PCR 扩增和植原体鉴定的 Nested-PCR、两种扩增子的基因测序，以及使用 BLAST 方法和 Mega X 程序进行核苷酸分析。使用 CO1 引物进行的 PCR 成功地从昆虫身上扩增出 700 bp 的扩增片段，而使用 fP1/rP7 引物和 m23SR/R16F2n 进行的嵌套 PCR 则分别扩增出植物原原体 16S RNA 基因的 1800 bp 和 1250 bp 左右。DNA 测序分析结果表明，根据 BLAST 和 Mega X 程序的同源性百分比分析，昆虫样本被鉴定为 83% 的 Sogatella vibix 物种。至于植原体，则更倾向于 16SrI 组或 Candidatus phytoplasma asteris（翠菊黄斑植原体），同源性百分比为 99%。
{"title":"Phytoplasma Associated with White-backed Planthopper on Rice Plants in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi","authors":"Saipul Abbas, Ernawati Djaya, Erwin Najamuddin, Amelia Sebayang, Ayyub Ar Rahman, Aminah Aminah, H. Hasbi, S. Sipi, Nur Fathurahman Ridwan, R. Ismayanti, Elisurya Ibrahim","doi":"10.22146/jpti.84736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.84736","url":null,"abstract":"South Sulawesi is one of the largest rice production centers in Indonesia. Several important diseases of rice plants, such as those caused by viruses and phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by insect vectors, especially leafhoppers and stem plant. Symptoms of diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas are quite diverse but visually similar and difficult to distinguish. This study aims to analyze the presence of phytoplasma associated with white-backed planthopper which are commonly found in rice plantations. The research method used is by conducting surveys and explorations of insect samples in six villages in Sidrap District. White-back planthoppers found on rice plantations showing symptoms of yellowing and stunted leaves were sampled for further analysis, including total DNA isolation of insects, standard PCR amplification for insect and Nested-PCR for phytoplasma identification, gene sequencing for both amplicons, and nucleotide analysis using BLAST method and Mega X program. The PCR with CO1 primer successfully amplified a 700 bp amplicon from insects, whereas nested-PCR using fP1/rP7 primers followed by m23SR/R16F2n amplified phytoplasma supposedly around 1800 bp and 1250 bp of 16S RNA gene, respectively. The DNA sequencing analysis results indicate that the insect samples were identified as 83% Sogatella vibix species based on homology percentage analysis using BLAST and Mega X Program. As for the phytoplasma, it leans more towards the 16SrI group or Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (Aster yellows phytoplasma) with a homology percentage of 99%.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"216 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Late leaf spot of groundnut is caused by the fungal pathogen of Cercosporidium personatum. Efforts to prevent this disease generally use synthetic fungicides that can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the fungal pathogen of groundnut late leaf spot and study the antifungal effect of leaf extract of some plants for leaf spot intensity suppression. Late leaf spot pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics of hyphae and conidia. The leaf extracts of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), basil (Ocimum gratissimum), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) at a concentration of 25% against C. personatum were evaluated in vitro based on growth inhibition. The growth and intensity of groundnut disease attacks were assessed for seven weeks by inoculating C. personatum and application of the leaf extracts. Results showed that the pathogen was identified as C. personatum with conidia characteristics of cylindrical to obclavate, short and slightly curved with four septa, and 35.75 × 7.11 µm in size. The percentage of inhibition of C. personatum in vitro reached 94.03% by leaf extract of C. ternatea, 88.56% by T. diversifolia, 87.20% by O. gratissimum, and 84.10% by A. squamosa. Treatment of C. ternatea increased plant height up to 12.85% and reduced the most optimal percentage of the infected leaves up to 61.53%. C. ternatea leaf extract was found to be the most effective extract to suppress C. personatum infection by 77.94%, while T. diversifolia, O. gratissimum, and A. squamosa reduced disease severity by 70.15%, 65.43%, and 57.76%, respectively.
花生晚期叶斑病是由真菌病原体 Cercosporidium personatum 引起的。预防这种病害一般使用合成杀菌剂，但会造成环境污染。本研究旨在确定花生晚期叶斑病的真菌病原体，并研究一些植物的叶提取物对抑制叶斑病强度的抗真菌效果。根据菌丝和分生孢子的形态特征确定了晚期叶斑病的病原体。根据生长抑制情况，在体外评估了浓度为 25% 的蝴蝶豌豆（Clitoria ternatea）、墨西哥向日葵（Tithonia diversifolia）、罗勒（Ocimum gratissimum）和糖苹果（Annona squamosa）叶提取物对 C. personatum 的抗性。通过接种 C. personatum 和施用叶提取物，对花生的生长和病害侵袭强度进行了为期七周的评估。结果表明，病原体被确定为 C. personatum，其分生孢子的特征为圆柱形到倒棒形，短而稍弯曲，有四个隔膜，大小为 35.75 × 7.11 µm。C. ternatea 的叶提取物对 C. personatum 的体外抑制率达到 94.03%，T. diversifolia 为 88.56%，O. gratissimum 为 87.20%，A. squamosa 为 84.10%。用 C. ternatea 处理后，植株高度增加了 12.85%，受感染叶片的最适比例降低了 61.53%。研究发现，C. ternatea 叶提取物是抑制 C. personatum 感染最有效的提取物，抑制率为 77.94%，而 T. diversifolia、O. gratissimum 和 A. squamosa 则分别降低了 70.15%、65.43% 和 57.76%。
{"title":"Antifungal Effect of Leaf Extracts on the Groundnut Late Leaf Spot Pathogen Cercosporidium personatum","authors":"Dwiyandito Ikhsan Putranto, R. Kasiamdari","doi":"10.22146/jpti.87913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.87913","url":null,"abstract":"Late leaf spot of groundnut is caused by the fungal pathogen of Cercosporidium personatum. Efforts to prevent this disease generally use synthetic fungicides that can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the fungal pathogen of groundnut late leaf spot and study the antifungal effect of leaf extract of some plants for leaf spot intensity suppression. Late leaf spot pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics of hyphae and conidia. The leaf extracts of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), basil (Ocimum gratissimum), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) at a concentration of 25% against C. personatum were evaluated in vitro based on growth inhibition. The growth and intensity of groundnut disease attacks were assessed for seven weeks by inoculating C. personatum and application of the leaf extracts. Results showed that the pathogen was identified as C. personatum with conidia characteristics of cylindrical to obclavate, short and slightly curved with four septa, and 35.75 × 7.11 µm in size. The percentage of inhibition of C. personatum in vitro reached 94.03% by leaf extract of C. ternatea, 88.56% by T. diversifolia, 87.20% by O. gratissimum, and 84.10% by A. squamosa. Treatment of C. ternatea increased plant height up to 12.85% and reduced the most optimal percentage of the infected leaves up to 61.53%. C. ternatea leaf extract was found to be the most effective extract to suppress C. personatum infection by 77.94%, while T. diversifolia, O. gratissimum, and A. squamosa reduced disease severity by 70.15%, 65.43%, and 57.76%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"106 s413","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riya Fatma Sari, S. Subejo, Suputa Suputa, Shanmugam Vijaysegaran, Stefano De Faveri, Y. Trisyono
Mango farmers in Indonesia rely heavily on pesticides to control a variety of pests and diseases, with tephritid fruit flies being a major pest of the crop. To reduce pesticide use, Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to control fruit flies was trialed and introduced in 2015 and has now been successfully implemented in several districts in West Java, Indonesia. This study surveyed pesticide use in mango farms adopting AW-IPM and those practicing conventional pest control methods. Purposive and Snowball sampling methods were used to select and interview 83 mango farmers to assess farmers knowledge and practices of pesticide use between the two groups. The farmers surveyed consisted of those that have adopted AW-IPM of fruit flies and conventional farmers, meaning those that did not adopt AW-IPM. The results of the survey revealed that compared to conventional farmers, the AW-IPM farmers had a high level of knowledge of pesticides and most of them were aware of pesticide-related environmental risks and adopted better and safer practices. Overall, storage of pesticides within living areas was reported by 10% of respondents, and most respondents (75%) adopted unsafe practices when disposing of used pesticide containers, such as selling them to plastic waste collectors. Half of all the respondents reported and experienced at least one symptom of a pesticide-related health problems. This study contributes to a better understanding of potential pesticide exposure and risks to mango farmers in Indonesia. A pesticide management training program for the mango farming community is badly needed.
{"title":"Survey of Pesticide Use between Mango Farmers Practicing Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management and Conventional Farming in West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Riya Fatma Sari, S. Subejo, Suputa Suputa, Shanmugam Vijaysegaran, Stefano De Faveri, Y. Trisyono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.86684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.86684","url":null,"abstract":"Mango farmers in Indonesia rely heavily on pesticides to control a variety of pests and diseases, with tephritid fruit flies being a major pest of the crop. To reduce pesticide use, Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to control fruit flies was trialed and introduced in 2015 and has now been successfully implemented in several districts in West Java, Indonesia. This study surveyed pesticide use in mango farms adopting AW-IPM and those practicing conventional pest control methods. Purposive and Snowball sampling methods were used to select and interview 83 mango farmers to assess farmers knowledge and practices of pesticide use between the two groups. The farmers surveyed consisted of those that have adopted AW-IPM of fruit flies and conventional farmers, meaning those that did not adopt AW-IPM. The results of the survey revealed that compared to conventional farmers, the AW-IPM farmers had a high level of knowledge of pesticides and most of them were aware of pesticide-related environmental risks and adopted better and safer practices. Overall, storage of pesticides within living areas was reported by 10% of respondents, and most respondents (75%) adopted unsafe practices when disposing of used pesticide containers, such as selling them to plastic waste collectors. Half of all the respondents reported and experienced at least one symptom of a pesticide-related health problems. This study contributes to a better understanding of potential pesticide exposure and risks to mango farmers in Indonesia. A pesticide management training program for the mango farming community is badly needed.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alil Saputra, N. Prihatiningsih, H. A. Djatmiko, D. Kurniawan
Bacillus sp. is a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) species that lives in the rhizosphere. This bacterium can produce antifungal compounds that suppress pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of this research was isolate, characterize, and obtain Bacillus sp. that can inhibit F. oxysporum which causes twisted disease in shallots. Isolation was done by sampling 10 g of soil from shallot roots, placing it in 9 mL of sterile water, and carrying out a series of dilutions. The first dilution was incubated at 80 °C for 20 minutes to obtain Bacillus sp. on the selective medium HiChrome. Colony morphology, shape, cell color, Gram staining, catalase and endospore staining were observed from obtained isolates. An antagonist test was done to determine the inhibitory effects of isolates against the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum. Four isolates of Bacillus sp. were obtained with irregular colony shape, dull white color without muccus, edges varying in shape between lobate and undulate, and raised elevation. The results of the antagonist test showed that the four isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum with the greatest inhibition shown by isolate BM1 at 30.12%, with an antibiosis mechanism and hyphae swelling.
芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）是一种生活在根圈中的植物生长促进根瘤菌（PGPR）。这种细菌能产生抗真菌化合物，抑制镰刀菌等病原真菌。本研究的目的是分离、鉴定并获得能抑制导致大葱扭曲病的 F. oxysporum 的芽孢杆菌。分离方法是从大葱根部取样 10 克土壤，放入 9 毫升无菌水中，进行一系列稀释。第一个稀释液在 80 °C 下培养 20 分钟，在选择性培养基 HiChrome 上获得芽孢杆菌。观察分离得到的菌落形态、形状、细胞颜色、革兰氏染色、过氧化氢酶和内生孢子染色。为确定分离物对致病真菌 F. oxysporum 的抑制作用，进行了拮抗剂试验。获得的四个芽孢杆菌分离物具有不规则的菌落形状、暗白色无粘液、边缘形状介于裂片和波状之间、隆起。拮抗剂试验结果表明，这四种分离物都具有抑制病原真菌 F. oxysporum 生长的能力，其中分离物 BM1 的抑制率最高，为 30.12%，具有抗菌机制和菌丝膨胀。
{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and Selection of Bacillus sp. from Shallot Rhizosphere that Inhibits Fusarium oxysporum Growth","authors":"Alil Saputra, N. Prihatiningsih, H. A. Djatmiko, D. Kurniawan","doi":"10.22146/jpti.89634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.89634","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus sp. is a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) species that lives in the rhizosphere. This bacterium can produce antifungal compounds that suppress pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of this research was isolate, characterize, and obtain Bacillus sp. that can inhibit F. oxysporum which causes twisted disease in shallots. Isolation was done by sampling 10 g of soil from shallot roots, placing it in 9 mL of sterile water, and carrying out a series of dilutions. The first dilution was incubated at 80 °C for 20 minutes to obtain Bacillus sp. on the selective medium HiChrome. Colony morphology, shape, cell color, Gram staining, catalase and endospore staining were observed from obtained isolates. An antagonist test was done to determine the inhibitory effects of isolates against the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum. Four isolates of Bacillus sp. were obtained with irregular colony shape, dull white color without muccus, edges varying in shape between lobate and undulate, and raised elevation. The results of the antagonist test showed that the four isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum with the greatest inhibition shown by isolate BM1 at 30.12%, with an antibiosis mechanism and hyphae swelling.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"76 s322","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patimah Anjelina, Agus Dana Permana, Rika Alfianny
Crop enterprises in Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency have contributed to the economic activities of the local community. However, current vegetable crop enterprises are not suitable for the sustainable agriculture concept and face several obstacles in its sustainability, such as the availability of water, access to capital, farmers’ concern for environmental sustainability, as well as the role of farmer groups and farmer group association. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable agricultural production subsystem that can help control pests on vegetable crops, with the use of pesticides as a last resort. This study aims to assess the sustainability status and formulate a farming management strategy based on IPM. The sustainability status was analyzed using the uses the RAP-IPM (Rapid Appraisal for Integrated Pest Management) method which is a modification of the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries), and strategy was analyzed using the SWOT and the QSPM method. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling. The sustainability status of vegetable farming based on IPM tends to be quite sustainable with a sustainability index value of 58.23% and the prioritized management strategies are (1) strengthening farmer institutions including farmer groups and farmer groups associations, marketing institutions, and business groups agriculture in meeting the need for vegetable demand in the market; (2) development of environmentally friendly integrated pest control based control technology and preparation of effective and efficient alternative production facilities including land management, labor requirements, planting area in accordance with factual conditions in the field; and (3) strengthening agricultural financing institutions to meet the needs of agricultural production facilities and infrastructure.
万隆县西门延街道Mekarsaluyu村的农作物企业为当地社区的经济活动做出了贡献。然而，目前的蔬菜作物企业并不适合可持续农业的理念，其可持续性面临着一些障碍，如水的可获得性、资金的可获得性、农民对环境可持续性的关注以及农民团体和农民团体协会的作用。病虫害综合治理(IPM)是一个可持续的农业生产子系统，可以帮助控制蔬菜作物的病虫害，使用农药是最后的手段。本研究旨在评估农业可持续发展状况，并制定基于IPM的农业管理策略。采用RAPFISH (Rapid evaluation for Integrated Pest Management)的改进版RAP-IPM (Rapid evaluation for Integrated Pest Management)方法对其可持续性状况进行了分析，并采用SWOT和QSPM方法对策略进行了分析。受访者是通过有目的抽样确定的。基于IPM的蔬菜种植的可持续性状况趋于良好，可持续性指数为58.23%，优先的经营策略是(1)加强农民团体、农民团体协会、营销机构、企业集团农业等农民机构的建设，以满足市场对蔬菜的需求;(2)开发以环境友好型病虫害综合防治为基础的防治技术，并根据田间实际情况准备有效和高效的替代生产设施，包括土地管理、劳动力要求、种植面积;(3)加强农业金融机构建设，满足农业生产设施和基础设施的需求。
{"title":"Sustainability and Strategy of Vegetable Crops Enterprises Based on Integrated Pest Management (Case Study in Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency)","authors":"Patimah Anjelina, Agus Dana Permana, Rika Alfianny","doi":"10.22146/jpti.72071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.72071","url":null,"abstract":"Crop enterprises in Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency have contributed to the economic activities of the local community. However, current vegetable crop enterprises are not suitable for the sustainable agriculture concept and face several obstacles in its sustainability, such as the availability of water, access to capital, farmers’ concern for environmental sustainability, as well as the role of farmer groups and farmer group association. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable agricultural production subsystem that can help control pests on vegetable crops, with the use of pesticides as a last resort. This study aims to assess the sustainability status and formulate a farming management strategy based on IPM. The sustainability status was analyzed using the uses the RAP-IPM (Rapid Appraisal for Integrated Pest Management) method which is a modification of the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries), and strategy was analyzed using the SWOT and the QSPM method. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling. The sustainability status of vegetable farming based on IPM tends to be quite sustainable with a sustainability index value of 58.23% and the prioritized management strategies are (1) strengthening farmer institutions including farmer groups and farmer groups associations, marketing institutions, and business groups agriculture in meeting the need for vegetable demand in the market; (2) development of environmentally friendly integrated pest control based control technology and preparation of effective and efficient alternative production facilities including land management, labor requirements, planting area in accordance with factual conditions in the field; and (3) strengthening agricultural financing institutions to meet the needs of agricultural production facilities and infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134920302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett is one of the most detrimental pests that mostly attack family Cucurbitaceae. Control over this pest often uses insecticides, and one of the plants with the potentiality to be used as source of insecticide is Polyscias guilfoylei. This research aimed to study the influence of P. guilfoylei leaf extract application upon Z. cucurbitae mortality and to determine the LC50 value. The research was conducted at Pest Invertebrate Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The toxicity test was done using contact, oral and residue methods upon ethanol and n-hexane extracts with 0; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; 10.00; and 20.00% concentrations. The research used randomized group design with six replications. The parameters observed were the number of dead melon fly at 72 hours after the treatment and LC50 value of each extract. The data were analyzed using Probit analysis via 1.02 version of Lenora software Polo Plus. The result shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf using oral and residue methods affected Z. cucurbitae mortality. However, in contact method, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf did not affect Z. cucurbitae mortality. LC50 values of ethanol extract using oral and residual methods were 6.168% and 3.658%, respectively. LC50 values of n-hexane extract using oral and residual method reached 5.311% and 6.607%, respectively. This research shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf contain secondary metabolites that are toxic for melon fly Z. cucurbitae.
Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett 是最有害的害虫之一，主要侵害葫芦科植物。防治这种害虫通常使用杀虫剂，而有潜力用作杀虫剂来源的植物之一是 Polyscias guilfoylei。本研究旨在研究 P. guilfoylei 叶提取物对葫芦科害虫死亡率的影响，并确定 LC50 值。研究在加札马达大学农学院植物保护系植物害虫无脊椎动物科学实验室进行。采用接触法、口服法和残留法对浓度为 0；1.25；2.50；5.00；10.00 和 20.00% 的乙醇和正己烷提取物进行了毒性测试。研究采用随机分组设计，六次重复。观察参数为处理后 72 小时瓜蝇的死亡数量和每种提取物的 LC50 值。数据使用 Lenora 软件 Polo Plus 1.02 版的 Probit 分析法进行分析。结果表明，采用口服法和残留法提取 P. guilfoylei 叶片的乙醇和正己烷提取物会影响葫芦蝇的死亡率。然而，在接触法中，P. guilfoylei 叶的乙醇和正己烷提取物不影响 Z. cucurbitae 的死亡率。乙醇提取物口服法和残留法的 LC50 值分别为 6.168% 和 3.658%。正己烷提取物口服法和残留法的 LC50 值分别为 5.311% 和 6.607%。该研究表明，P. guilfoylei叶片的乙醇和正己烷提取物中含有对瓜实蝇（Z. cucurbitae）具有毒性的次生代谢物。
{"title":"Geranium Aralia, Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L.H. Bailey), Leaf Extract Toxicity against Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett","authors":"Jeti Rachmawati, E. Martono, Y. Trisyono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.75592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.75592","url":null,"abstract":"Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett is one of the most detrimental pests that mostly attack family Cucurbitaceae. Control over this pest often uses insecticides, and one of the plants with the potentiality to be used as source of insecticide is Polyscias guilfoylei. This research aimed to study the influence of P. guilfoylei leaf extract application upon Z. cucurbitae mortality and to determine the LC50 value. The research was conducted at Pest Invertebrate Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The toxicity test was done using contact, oral and residue methods upon ethanol and n-hexane extracts with 0; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; 10.00; and 20.00% concentrations. The research used randomized group design with six replications. The parameters observed were the number of dead melon fly at 72 hours after the treatment and LC50 value of each extract. The data were analyzed using Probit analysis via 1.02 version of Lenora software Polo Plus. The result shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf using oral and residue methods affected Z. cucurbitae mortality. However, in contact method, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf did not affect Z. cucurbitae mortality. LC50 values of ethanol extract using oral and residual methods were 6.168% and 3.658%, respectively. LC50 values of n-hexane extract using oral and residual method reached 5.311% and 6.607%, respectively. This research shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf contain secondary metabolites that are toxic for melon fly Z. cucurbitae.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bubun Afif Hidayat Aziz Saputra, Dewi Sartiami, Suryo Wiyono, Ali Nurmansyah, S. Priyambodo
Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important staple crop for more than half of the world's population to fulfill required nutrients. The most important pest in rice crops is the field rat (Rattus argentiventer), which causes damage and significant yield losses during almost every growing season. One method of rat control is the Trap Barrier System (TBS) which consists of fences, mass/multiple live traps, and trap crops and was able to continuously catch rats during the growing season. The objectives of this study were to count rat captured in TBS during one planting season in fallow lands, identify attack source, and calculate rat damage intensity. The study was conducted on one hectare of rice field and number of rat caught were observed daily. Results showed that 4,580 rats were caught, consisting of 57% males and 43% females, with 94% adults and 6% juveniles. Average rat damage intensity was 15% and the highest number of rats caught were in trap 8, 9, and 10 which were located on the north side and had many suitable shelters for rats.
{"title":"Daily Captured Pattern of Rice Field Rat Using Trap Barrier System Application in Fallow Land","authors":"Bubun Afif Hidayat Aziz Saputra, Dewi Sartiami, Suryo Wiyono, Ali Nurmansyah, S. Priyambodo","doi":"10.22146/jpti.77117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.77117","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important staple crop for more than half of the world's population to fulfill required nutrients. The most important pest in rice crops is the field rat (Rattus argentiventer), which causes damage and significant yield losses during almost every growing season. One method of rat control is the Trap Barrier System (TBS) which consists of fences, mass/multiple live traps, and trap crops and was able to continuously catch rats during the growing season. The objectives of this study were to count rat captured in TBS during one planting season in fallow lands, identify attack source, and calculate rat damage intensity. The study was conducted on one hectare of rice field and number of rat caught were observed daily. Results showed that 4,580 rats were caught, consisting of 57% males and 43% females, with 94% adults and 6% juveniles. Average rat damage intensity was 15% and the highest number of rats caught were in trap 8, 9, and 10 which were located on the north side and had many suitable shelters for rats.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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