Car sharing is promoted as a prominent alternative to private cars, and is therefore seemed as a sustainable innovation for urban mobility. Many policy makers introduced various incentives to facilitate the development of car sharing services as a complement to other public policies to contain the growth of car ownership. In this paper, we use a stated preference experiment to study consumer preferences for car sharing in transport ecosystem, considering a wide range of mobility modes and accounting for a regulatory policy of car plate lottery that aims to limit car ownership in Beijing. Based on a nested logit model, we identify a hierarchical structure of mobility mode choice, where bus and underground fall in the same nest of “public transit”, while car-sharing, private car and taxi are independent alternatives. We find that, in addition to the mobility cost, service accessibility and mobility speed are key attributes for consumers to choose car sharing. More importantly, we find that consumers who are participating in the car plate lottery would be more likely to choose car sharing, which implies that car sharing and the car plate lottery policy are indeed complementary. However, the introduction of car sharing can also lead to an unintended consequence of higher total car usage by attracting more public transit users who did not intend to buy cars to drive cars. Therefore, our study provides new insights into not only the marketing and operation strategies of car sharing service, but also the role of public policies in shaping the consumer preferences for car sharing.
{"title":"Consumer Preference for Car Sharing and the Role of Car Plate Lottery Policy: A Stated Preference Experiment in Beijing","authors":"Lixian Qian, Z. Pang, Didier Soopramanien","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3324521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3324521","url":null,"abstract":"Car sharing is promoted as a prominent alternative to private cars, and is therefore seemed as a sustainable innovation for urban mobility. Many policy makers introduced various incentives to facilitate the development of car sharing services as a complement to other public policies to contain the growth of car ownership. In this paper, we use a stated preference experiment to study consumer preferences for car sharing in transport ecosystem, considering a wide range of mobility modes and accounting for a regulatory policy of car plate lottery that aims to limit car ownership in Beijing. Based on a nested logit model, we identify a hierarchical structure of mobility mode choice, where bus and underground fall in the same nest of “public transit”, while car-sharing, private car and taxi are independent alternatives. We find that, in addition to the mobility cost, service accessibility and mobility speed are key attributes for consumers to choose car sharing. More importantly, we find that consumers who are participating in the car plate lottery would be more likely to choose car sharing, which implies that car sharing and the car plate lottery policy are indeed complementary. However, the introduction of car sharing can also lead to an unintended consequence of higher total car usage by attracting more public transit users who did not intend to buy cars to drive cars. Therefore, our study provides new insights into not only the marketing and operation strategies of car sharing service, but also the role of public policies in shaping the consumer preferences for car sharing.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130573553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I examine the once popular claim according to which interpersonal comparisons of welfare are necessary for social choice. I side with current social choice theorists in emphasizing that, on a narrow construal, this necessity claim is refuted beyond appeal. However, I depart from the opinion presently prevailing in social choice theory in highlighting that on a broader construal, this claim proves not only compatible with, but even comforted by, the current state of the field. I submit that all in all, the most accurate philosophical assessment consists not in flatly rejecting this necessity claim, but in accepting it in a suitably revised form.
{"title":"Interpersonal Comparisons of What?","authors":"Jean Baccelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3583166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3583166","url":null,"abstract":"I examine the once popular claim according to which interpersonal comparisons of welfare are necessary for social choice. I side with current social choice theorists in emphasizing that, on a narrow construal, this necessity claim is refuted beyond appeal. However, I depart from the opinion presently prevailing in social choice theory in highlighting that on a broader construal, this claim proves not only compatible with, but even comforted by, the current state of the field. I submit that all in all, the most accurate philosophical assessment consists not in flatly rejecting this necessity claim, but in accepting it in a suitably revised form.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126637765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the past 30 years, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth spurred by large-scale rural-urban migration, industrialization, and strong global demand for its cheaply produced goods. This paper argues that an abundant supply of informal housing helped accommodate huge migrant inflows and contain labor costs. By constructing a unique proxy for city-level informal housing supply elasticity, we examine the linkages between urban housing markets and labor markets (migration flows and wages), with a focus on the low-skilled migrants who are most likely to live in informal housing. We find greater migration inflows in cities with more elastic housing supplies, in both informal and formal sectors. We show that the supply elasticity proxy for informal housing matters more for low-skilled migrants (those with a high school education or less), and that formal housing supply conditions matter more for high-skilled migrants (those who have a college degree or more education). In cities with higher housing supply elasticity, GDP rises more, and wages rise less, as labor demand increases. The findings provide a better understanding of the important role the informal housing sector has played in facilitating the low-cost urbanization and industrialization of China.
{"title":"The Role of Informal Housing in Lowering China’s Urbanization Costs","authors":"D. Niu, Weizeng Sun, Siqi Zheng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3726861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3726861","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past 30 years, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth spurred by large-scale rural-urban migration, industrialization, and strong global demand for its cheaply produced goods. This paper argues that an abundant supply of informal housing helped accommodate huge migrant inflows and contain labor costs. By constructing a unique proxy for city-level informal housing supply elasticity, we examine the linkages between urban housing markets and labor markets (migration flows and wages), with a focus on the low-skilled migrants who are most likely to live in informal housing. We find greater migration inflows in cities with more elastic housing supplies, in both informal and formal sectors. We show that the supply elasticity proxy for informal housing matters more for low-skilled migrants (those with a high school education or less), and that formal housing supply conditions matter more for high-skilled migrants (those who have a college degree or more education). In cities with higher housing supply elasticity, GDP rises more, and wages rise less, as labor demand increases. The findings provide a better understanding of the important role the informal housing sector has played in facilitating the low-cost urbanization and industrialization of China.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133309342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We review an empirical literature that studies the role of social interactions in driving economic and financial decision-making. We first summarize recent work that documents an important role of social interactions in explaining household decisions in housing and mortgage markets. This evidence shows, for example, that there are large peer effects in mortgage refinancing decisions and that individuals’ beliefs about the attractiveness of housing market investments are affected by the recent house price experiences of their friends. We also summarize recent work showing that social interactions affect the stock market investments of both retail and professional investors as well as household financial decisions such as retirement savings, borrowing, and default. Along the way, we describe a number of easily accessible recent data sets for the study of social interactions in finance, including the Social Connectedness Index, which measures the frequency of Facebook friendship links across geographies. We conclude by outlining several promising directions for further research in the field of social finance. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Financial Economics, Volume 13 is March 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Social Finance","authors":"Theresa Kuchler, J. Stroebel","doi":"10.3386/w27973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27973","url":null,"abstract":"We review an empirical literature that studies the role of social interactions in driving economic and financial decision-making. We first summarize recent work that documents an important role of social interactions in explaining household decisions in housing and mortgage markets. This evidence shows, for example, that there are large peer effects in mortgage refinancing decisions and that individuals’ beliefs about the attractiveness of housing market investments are affected by the recent house price experiences of their friends. We also summarize recent work showing that social interactions affect the stock market investments of both retail and professional investors as well as household financial decisions such as retirement savings, borrowing, and default. Along the way, we describe a number of easily accessible recent data sets for the study of social interactions in finance, including the Social Connectedness Index, which measures the frequency of Facebook friendship links across geographies. We conclude by outlining several promising directions for further research in the field of social finance. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Financial Economics, Volume 13 is March 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128742702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sacred groves or sacred natural sites (SNS) are defined areas of land and bodies of water with considerable socio-cultural and ecological value. This study attempts to analyse SNS using the framework of commons or common-pool resources and understand the implications regarding the access to and ecological sustainability of these sacred spaces. A set of ten groves from an inventory of sacred groves reported by the Institute of Foresters Kerala were chosen using purposive sampling to cover various types of custodianship and communities in the district of Thrissur. This district houses the most famous sacred grove in Kerala and is known for consecrating sacred groves and expunging spirits. A field survey employing an observation schedule and semi-structured interviews were undertaken focusing on the biophysical, socio-cultural, and institutional aspects of the SNS. Understanding the relationship between grove ecosystems and stakeholder communities was the objective of the study. The management of SNS in the study sites does not show much evidence of collective action. There is a tendency of SNS to become 'club goods' over a period of time. Regardless of types of custodianship, SNS exhibit properties of common-pool resources from an ecological point of view. Even when customarily managed along caste lines, access was not physically restricted. Recent constructions of concrete boundaries around SNS, conversion of groves to temples, and increasing intensity and frequency of rituals have changed the socio-cultural and ecological character of these spaces. The study shows that the perspective of the commons is inadequate to capture the underlying power dynamics of institutions of SNS. Understanding the transformation of SNS from being 'open' and inclusive to closed and elitist temple spaces need a different language of political ecology.
{"title":"Politics of Cultural Commons: A Case Study of Sacred Groves in Central Kerala","authors":"Vinay Sankar","doi":"10.20896/SACI.VI0.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20896/SACI.VI0.774","url":null,"abstract":"Sacred groves or sacred natural sites (SNS) are defined areas of land and bodies of water with considerable socio-cultural and ecological value. This study attempts to analyse SNS using the framework of commons or common-pool resources and understand the implications regarding the access to and ecological sustainability of these sacred spaces. A set of ten groves from an inventory of sacred groves reported by the Institute of Foresters Kerala were chosen using purposive sampling to cover various types of custodianship and communities in the district of Thrissur. This district houses the most famous sacred grove in Kerala and is known for consecrating sacred groves and expunging spirits. A field survey employing an observation schedule and semi-structured interviews were undertaken focusing on the biophysical, socio-cultural, and institutional aspects of the SNS. Understanding the relationship between grove ecosystems and stakeholder communities was the objective of the study. The management of SNS in the study sites does not show much evidence of collective action. There is a tendency of SNS to become 'club goods' over a period of time. Regardless of types of custodianship, SNS exhibit properties of common-pool resources from an ecological point of view. Even when customarily managed along caste lines, access was not physically restricted. Recent constructions of concrete boundaries around SNS, conversion of groves to temples, and increasing intensity and frequency of rituals have changed the socio-cultural and ecological character of these spaces. The study shows that the perspective of the commons is inadequate to capture the underlying power dynamics of institutions of SNS. Understanding the transformation of SNS from being 'open' and inclusive to closed and elitist temple spaces need a different language of political ecology.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133449408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We consider a class of social cost problems in which one polluter interacts with an arbitrary number of potential victims. Agents are supposed to cooperate and negotiate an optimal pollution level together with monetary transfers. We examine multi-choice cooperative games associated with a social cost problem and an assignment (or mapping) of rights. We introduce a class of mappings of rights that takes into account the pollution intensity and we consider three properties on mappings of rights: core compatibility, Kaldor-Hicks core compatibility and no veto power for a victim. We show that there exist only two families of mappings of rights that satisfy core compatibility, while no mapping of rights satisfies Kaldor-Hicks core compatibility and no veto power for a victim.
{"title":"Stable Agreements through Liability Rules: A Multi-Choice Games Approach to the Social Cost Problem","authors":"Kevin Techer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3693055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We consider a class of social cost problems in which one polluter interacts with an arbitrary number of potential victims. Agents are supposed to cooperate and negotiate an optimal pollution level together with monetary transfers. We examine multi-choice cooperative games associated with a social cost problem and an assignment (or mapping) of rights. We introduce a class of mappings of rights that takes into account the pollution intensity and we consider three properties on mappings of rights: core compatibility, Kaldor-Hicks core compatibility and no veto power for a victim. We show that there exist only two families of mappings of rights that satisfy core compatibility, while no mapping of rights satisfies Kaldor-Hicks core compatibility and no veto power for a victim.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115523939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Lai, Sokratis Papadopoulos, F. Fuerst, G. Pivo, Jacob S. Sagi, Constantine E. Kontokosta
Despite extensive empirical evidence of the economic and financial benefits of green buildings, energy retrofit investments in existing buildings have not reached widespread adoption.This paper empirically estimate returns to energy retrofit investments for multifamily and commercial buildings in New York City, using a novel database of actual audit report recommendations and permitted renovation work extracted using natural language processing. By modeling the estimated rate of return for energy retrofit investments, we generate a more comprehensive understanding of the perceived risk of these investments and the market and regulatory mechanisms that can overcome financial and informational barriers to investment in energy conservation measures (ECMs). Based on auditor costs and savings estimates, the median internal rate of return (IRR) for adopted ECMs is found to be 21% for multifamily buildings and 25% for office properties. Adoption rates are higher for office buildings than multifamily, and in both cases adopter buildings tend to be larger, higher value, and less efficient at the time of implementation. The economically significant magnitudes of returns to adopted ECMs raise important questions about why many property owners choose not to adopt. As such, we discuss incentive and regulatory mechanisms that can overcome financial and informational barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency measures.
{"title":"Building Energy Retrofit Hurdle Rates and Risk Arbitrage in Energy Efficiency Investments","authors":"Yuan Lai, Sokratis Papadopoulos, F. Fuerst, G. Pivo, Jacob S. Sagi, Constantine E. Kontokosta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674539","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive empirical evidence of the economic and financial benefits of green buildings, energy retrofit investments in existing buildings have not reached widespread adoption.This paper empirically estimate returns to energy retrofit investments for multifamily and commercial buildings in New York City, using a novel database of actual audit report recommendations and permitted renovation work extracted using natural language processing. By modeling the estimated rate of return for energy retrofit investments, we generate a more comprehensive understanding of the perceived risk of these investments and the market and regulatory mechanisms that can overcome financial and informational barriers to investment in energy conservation measures (ECMs). Based on auditor costs and savings estimates, the median internal rate of return (IRR) for adopted ECMs is found to be 21% for multifamily buildings and 25% for office properties. Adoption rates are higher for office buildings than multifamily, and in both cases adopter buildings tend to be larger, higher value, and less efficient at the time of implementation. The economically significant magnitudes of returns to adopted ECMs raise important questions about why many property owners choose not to adopt. As such, we discuss incentive and regulatory mechanisms that can overcome financial and informational barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency measures.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123755567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123741
Martin Geissdoerfer, M. Pieroni, D. Pigosso, K. Soufani
{"title":"Circular Business Models: A Review","authors":"Martin Geissdoerfer, M. Pieroni, D. Pigosso, K. Soufani","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126553913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mitchell, Michael D. Farren, Jeremy Horpedahl, O. Gonzalez
In an effort to spur economic growth and to burnish their job-creation bona fides, policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels often dispense targeted economic development subsidies. These selective incentives include targeted tax relief, targeted regulatory relief, cash subsidies, and in-kind donations of land and other valuable goods and services. The weight of economic theory suggests that these subsidies do not work and may even depress economic activity. In this paper, we review the economic case for and against targeted economic development subsidies, using Wisconsin’s $1.2 billion to $3.6 billion subsidy to Foxconn to illustrate these points. We show that under realistic scenarios the subsidy may depress state economic activity by tens of billions of dollars over the next 15 years.
{"title":"The Economics of a Targeted Economic Development Subsidy","authors":"M. Mitchell, Michael D. Farren, Jeremy Horpedahl, O. Gonzalez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3515377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3515377","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to spur economic growth and to burnish their job-creation bona fides, policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels often dispense targeted economic development subsidies. These selective incentives include targeted tax relief, targeted regulatory relief, cash subsidies, and in-kind donations of land and other valuable goods and services. The weight of economic theory suggests that these subsidies do not work and may even depress economic activity. In this paper, we review the economic case for and against targeted economic development subsidies, using Wisconsin’s $1.2 billion to $3.6 billion subsidy to Foxconn to illustrate these points. We show that under realistic scenarios the subsidy may depress state economic activity by tens of billions of dollars over the next 15 years.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9985-20190008
R. Bourne
What is the economic case for increasing the federal minimum wage?
To even posit that question sounds odd. Proponents of a higher minimum wage claim that the policy change could alleviate all sorts of economic and social ills. But it's worth assessing, from first principles, the economic arguments advanced for how the minimum wage level should be set.
{"title":"Bad Economic Justifications for Minimum Wage Hikes","authors":"R. Bourne","doi":"10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9985-20190008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9985-20190008","url":null,"abstract":"What is the economic case for increasing the federal minimum wage?<br><br>To even posit that question sounds odd. Proponents of a higher minimum wage claim that the policy change could alleviate all sorts of economic and social ills. But it's worth assessing, from first principles, the economic arguments advanced for how the minimum wage level should be set.","PeriodicalId":316250,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Social Economics (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131355801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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