FlatChem最新文献_第10页

Ultra-large memory window for non-volatile memory based on ReS2/hBN/Multilayer Graphene heterojunction 基于ReS2/hBN/多层石墨烯异质结的非易失性存储器超大存储窗口

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100886

Jiawang You , Wenxiang Wang , Xiaohuan Li , Yushi Xu , Jinjin He , Han Mao , Zheng Wei , Lianfeng Sun , Xiaoqing Chen , Yong Jun Li , Zheng Liu , Hang Wei , Mei Xue

With the rapid advancement of technology and the exponential growth of big data, the demand for high-performance memory devices intensifies. Non-volatile memories based on van der Waals materials garner significant attention due to their superior data retention and long-term storage capabilities. However, current floating-gate (FG) memories typically exhibit a memory window of less than 60 %, which limits data storage stability and device lifespan. Therefore, developing non-volatile FG memories with larger memory windows is crucial for modern digital technologies. In this work, we fabricate a non-volatile FG memory device based on a rhenium disulfide (ReS₂)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/multilayer graphene (MLG) heterostructure, ReS₂ serves as the channel material, hBN acts as the tunneling dielectric, and multilayer graphene functions as the floating gate. Due to the high carrier mobility of ReS₂ and the excellent charge storage and release capabilities of graphene, the device demonstrates a high on/off ratio (10⁶) and outstanding long-term data retention (>1000 s). It also exhibits low programming current and the potential for multi-level storage applications. Most notably, the device achieves a significant memory window of 85.5 %, enabling enhanced charge storage capacity and improved stability. This performance is attributed to the effective charge injection and retention enabled by Fowler–Nordheim tunneling through the hBN tunneling barrier These exceptional properties support the realization of efficient and stable data storage, which paves the way for developing next-generation memory technologies.

随着科技的飞速发展和大数据的指数级增长，对高性能存储设备的需求日益增加。基于范德华材料的非易失性存储器因其优越的数据保留和长期存储能力而备受关注。然而，当前的浮动门（FG）存储器通常表现出小于60%的内存窗口，这限制了数据存储的稳定性和设备的使用寿命。因此，开发具有更大存储窗口的非易失性FG存储器对于现代数字技术至关重要。在这项工作中，我们制作了一种基于二硫化铼(ReS2)/六方氮化硼(hBN)/多层石墨烯（MLG）异质结构的非易失性FG存储器件，ReS2作为通道材料，hBN作为隧道介质，多层石墨烯作为浮栅。由于ReS2的高载流子迁移率和石墨烯优异的电荷存储和释放能力，该器件具有高开/关比（106）和出色的长期数据保留（>1000 s）。它还具有低编程电流和多层次存储应用的潜力。最值得注意的是，该设备实现了85.5%的显著内存窗口，从而增强了电荷存储容量并提高了稳定性。这种性能归功于Fowler-Nordheim通过hBN隧道势垒实现的有效电荷注入和保持。这些卓越的特性支持实现高效稳定的数据存储，为开发下一代存储技术铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Novel 2D/3D BiOBr/TiO2 S-scheme heterostructures photocatalyst fabrication for remarkable ciprofloxacin degradation under solar light 新型2D/3D BiOBr/TiO2 S-scheme异质结构光催化剂的制备，在太阳光下显著降解环丙沙星

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100891

Mohd. Shkir, Atif Mossad Ali

The creation of sophisticated S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts presents a pioneering approach to enhance pollutant degradation through improved charge separation and light absorption. This study introduces a novel 2D/3D BiOBr/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst designed to elevate the degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic contaminant, when exposed to natural sunlight. Characterization of the structure and morphology confirmed the successful integration of BiOBr nanosheets onto TiO₂ nanoparticles, resulting in an optimized heterostructure. Both TiO₂ and the BiOBr-modified TiO₂ (BiOBr/TiO₂) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method followed by a slow evaporation process. The BiOBr/TiO₂ composite exhibited significantly enhanced visible-light absorption compared to pure TiO₂, attributed to the light-absorbing properties of BiOBr and the effective formation of the S-scheme heterojunction. This configuration facilitated efficient charge separation, as demonstrated by photoluminescence (PL) quenching and decreased charge-transfer resistance observed in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The S-scheme mechanism enabled selective recombination of low-energy charge carriers while retaining high-energy electrons and holes, thus maximizing redox potential. Under sunlight irradiation, the BiOBr/TiO₂ composite achieved an impressive 93 % photocatalytic degradation of CIP, significantly outperforming both standalone TiO₂ and BiOBr. Trapping experiments highlighted the crucial roles of hydroxyl radicals (•OH⁻) and superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) as reactive species driving the degradation process. This research underscores the substantial potential of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for advanced wastewater treatment applications, offering a sustainable and effective solution to environmental remediation challenges.

复杂的s型异质结光催化剂的创建提出了一种通过改进电荷分离和光吸收来增强污染物降解的开创性方法。本研究介绍了一种新型的2D/3D BiOBr/TiO2 S-scheme异质结光催化剂，旨在提高抗生素污染物环丙沙星（CIP）在自然光照射下的降解效率。结构和形态表征证实了BiOBr纳米片成功集成到TiO2纳米颗粒上，从而获得了优化的异质结构。TiO2和BiOBr改性TiO2 （BiOBr/TiO2）均采用水热法和缓慢蒸发法制备。与纯TiO2相比，BiOBr/TiO2复合材料的可见光吸收能力显著增强，这是由于BiOBr的吸光特性和S-scheme异质结的有效形成。这种结构促进了有效的电荷分离，正如在电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析中观察到的光致发光（PL）猝灭和电荷转移电阻降低所证明的那样。S-scheme机制使低能载流子选择性重组，同时保留高能电子和空穴，从而最大化氧化还原电位。在阳光照射下，BiOBr/TiO2复合材料对CIP的光催化降解率达到了令人印象深刻的93%，显著优于单独的TiO2和BiOBr。捕获实验强调了羟基自由基（•OH−）和超氧自由基（•O2−）作为驱动降解过程的活性物质的关键作用。这项研究强调了s型异质结光催化剂在高级废水处理应用中的巨大潜力，为环境修复挑战提供了可持续和有效的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

3D printing of ZnO-modified hydroxyapatite scaffolds with directional pore microstructure for enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility 3D打印zno改性羟基磷灰石定向孔结构支架增强力学性能和生物相容性

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100890

Xianglin Zhou , Wenya Zhou , Xiaolei Xie , Hongwei Chen , Mengli Li , Xu Zhen , Jing Ma , Zhiyang Lyu

Hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibits multifunctionality and wide applications in biological tissues such as vertebrate bones and teeth, due to facial element substitutions and chemical modifications of active surfaces in crystal structures with various inorganic or organic additives. It is a challenge to achieve biocompatible scaffolds that combine both high strength and toughness for the repair and regeneration of bone and tooth defects. In this study, we developed ZnO-modified hydroxyapatite 3D scaffolds with microscopic directional pore structures (∼20 μm) using a directional freezing-assisted direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D printing technique. The directional pore microstructure significantly enhanced the mechanical properties compared to the non-directional scaffolds. Moreover, both experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles improved the sintering process, maintaining the directional pore microstructure while significantly increasing the mechanical strength. Notably, the coated hydroxyapatite scaffolds demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity with ∼99 % antimicrobial resistance and biocompatibility with ∼89.96 % cell survival. This study presents an innovative approach for constructing directional porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with multifunctionality and high mechanical properties, providing a promising foundation for advancements in dental restoration, implantable medical devices, and bone tissue engineering.

羟基磷灰石（HA）在脊椎动物骨骼和牙齿等生物组织中表现出多功能性和广泛的应用，这是由于各种无机或有机添加剂在晶体结构中的表面元素取代和活性表面的化学修饰。实现高强度和高韧性的生物相容性支架用于骨和牙齿缺损的修复和再生是一项挑战。在这项研究中，我们使用定向冷冻辅助直接墨水书写（DIW） 3D打印技术开发了具有微观定向孔结构（~ 20 μm）的zno改性羟基磷灰石3D支架。与非定向支架相比，定向孔结构显著提高了支架的力学性能。此外，实验和分子动力学模拟结果均表明，ZnO纳米颗粒的掺入改善了烧结过程，在保持定向孔微观结构的同时显著提高了机械强度。值得注意的是，包被的羟基磷灰石支架具有优异的抗菌活性，具有~ 99%的抗菌抗性和生物相容性，细胞存活率为~ 89.96%。本研究提出了一种具有多功能和高力学性能的定向多孔羟基磷灰石支架的创新方法，为牙体修复、植入式医疗器械和骨组织工程的发展提供了良好的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Structural engineering of N/S co-doped hard carbon anodes for enhanced potassium storage performance 氮/硫共掺杂硬碳阳极增强储钾性能的结构工程研究

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100889

Chen Zhang, Tao Wang, Jinjue Zeng, Xuebin Wang

Potassium-ion batteries are an attractive replacement for lithium-ion batteries due to their abundance and economic viability. Nevertheless, its practical implementation is considerably obstructed by the inadequate electrochemical performance of carbonaceous anodes. A nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hard carbon (NSHC) material is synthesized via a straightforward pyrolysis process, employing phenolic resin and trithiocyanuric acid as the carbon and dopant precursors, respectively. Comprehensive structural analysis demonstrates that the dual-heteroatom co-doping effectively enlarges the interlayer distance and introduces substantial defects, both of which promote rapid potassium-ion diffusion and improve potassium-ion storage capability. Consequently, this optimized NSHC anode delivers exceptional electrochemical performance, including a capacity of 649.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and a capacity of 100.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹, outperforming that of the undoped hard carbon (HC) counterpart. This work illuminates the structure-property relationship about heteroatom-doped carbon, providing a strategic framework for advanced PIB anode design.

钾离子电池因其丰富和经济可行性而成为锂离子电池的有吸引力的替代品。然而，由于碳质阳极的电化学性能不足，其实际应用受到了很大的阻碍。以酚醛树脂和三硫氰尿酸为碳前驱体和掺杂前驱体，采用直接热解法合成了氮/硫共掺杂硬碳（NSHC）材料。综合结构分析表明，双杂原子共掺杂有效地扩大了层间距离，引入了大量缺陷，促进了钾离子的快速扩散，提高了钾离子的储存能力。因此，这种优化的NSHC阳极具有优异的电化学性能，包括在0.1 a g−1时的容量为649.5 mAh g−1，在10 a g−1时的容量为100.1 mAh g−1，优于未掺杂的硬碳（HC）阳极。这项工作阐明了杂原子掺杂碳的结构-性能关系，为先进的PIB阳极设计提供了战略框架。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of solid-solid interface compatibility and capacitance retention of carbon electrode systems by using MXene as a transition layer 用MXene作为过渡层改善碳电极体系的固-固界面相容性和电容保持

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100888

Yongfeng Bu , Yuman Li , Shihao Wang , Shengda Tang , Zhaomin Zhu , Li Pan , Hui Li , Hongyu Liang

The development of low-internal-resistance and high-stability Al current collectors suitable for supercapacitor organic electrolytes has been desired due to the highly susceptible oxidative passivation problem. Existing solution strategies mainly focus on traditional modification techniques such as carbon-based coatings and surface roughness modulation, making them significantly deficient in terms of interfacial impedance compatibility and electrochemical stability. Herein, an innovative interfacial work function matching strategy utilizing MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) as a transition layer material is first reported to address these concerns. Using a simple self-assembly method, we constructed an MXene transition layer (Al@MX) on the Al surface, which reduces the equivalent series resistance by more than 80 % and effectively improves capacitance retention from 7 % for bare Al to 61 % for Al@MX after 1000 cycles, as well as remarkable cycling stability. More importantly, the solid-solid interfacial electron transport barrier between Al current collector and YP50F active carbon material is significantly reduced by 24.7 %. These experimental results fully demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively inhibits the oxidation of the Al current collector and suppresses the decay of capacitance. The unique two-dimensional structure of MXene, combined with its excellent electrochemical stability, offers a potential solution to match the work function of interfacial materials such as between the Al current collector and the carbon active material. This insight in the internal resistance reduction lays a critical technological foundation for developing high-performance SCs, and highlights the potential of MXene in enhancing the charge transfer and storage efficiency of energy storage devices.

由于超级电容器有机电解质极易氧化钝化问题，开发适合于超级电容器有机电解质的低内阻、高稳定性的铝集流器已成为人们的迫切需要。现有的解决策略主要集中在传统的改性技术，如碳基涂层和表面粗糙度调制，使得它们在界面阻抗兼容性和电化学稳定性方面显着不足。本文首次报道了一种利用MXene （Ti3C2Tx）作为过渡层材料的创新性接口功函数匹配策略来解决这些问题。利用简单的自组装方法，我们在Al表面构建了MXene过渡层（Al@MX），该过渡层将等效串联电阻降低了80%以上，并在1000次循环后有效地将电容保持率从裸露Al的7%提高到Al@MX的61%，并且具有显着的循环稳定性。更重要的是，Al集流器与YP50F活性炭材料之间的固-固界面电子传递势垒显著降低了24.7%。实验结果充分表明，该策略有效地抑制了铝集流器的氧化，抑制了电容的衰减。MXene独特的二维结构，结合其优异的电化学稳定性，为匹配界面材料（如Al集流器和碳活性材料之间）的功功能提供了潜在的解决方案。这一内阻降低的见解为开发高性能SCs奠定了关键的技术基础，并突出了MXene在提高储能设备的电荷转移和存储效率方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus-containing nickel-based coatings for enhanced corrosion resistance and mechanical performance: A review 提高耐蚀性和机械性能的含磷镍基涂层研究进展

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100887

Jiahuan Chen , Yuxin Deng , Ranran Cao , Ping Wang , Yanhua Mao , Chengxue Yi , Siqiao Zhang , Tingting Zhang , Xiang Liu

Phosphorus (P), a well-established solid solution strengthening agent, can induce significant lattice distortions in metallic systems. The movement of dislocations in metals is obstructed, leading to improved ductility and toughness. Nickel‑phosphorus coatings, such as NiP, Ni-Co-P, Ni-W-P, and Ni-P-TiO₂ composites, exhibit exceptional mechanical performance and excellent corrosion resistance. Thus, Ni-P-based coatings are widely employed in various industrial sectors, including petrochemical processing, mechanical components, and medical devices. With the advancement of emerging manufacturing technologies, growing demands for advanced surface engineering have driven the development of diverse innovative high-performance phosphorus-containing coatings. Utilizing electroless deposition and electroplating techniques, we have developed novel anodized electroplating and sol-reinforced composite electroplating approaches. Nickel‑phosphorus coatings fabricated via anodic electroplating and sol-enhanced composite electroplating techniques demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties and anti-corrosion performance. The paper presents a comprehensive review of the structure-property relationships in novel nickel‑phosphorus coatings. It also focuses on the friction and corrosion mechanisms of NiP composite coatings and outlines promising research directions for future advancement and commercialization.

磷(P)是一种公认的固溶体强化剂，可引起金属体系中显著的晶格畸变。阻碍了位错在金属中的移动，从而提高了金属的延展性和韧性。镍磷涂层，如NiP， Ni-Co-P， Ni-W-P和Ni-P-TiO 2复合材料，具有优异的机械性能和优异的耐腐蚀性。因此，镍磷基涂料广泛应用于各种工业部门，包括石油化工加工、机械部件和医疗设备。随着新兴制造技术的进步，对先进表面工程的需求不断增长，推动了各种创新型高性能含磷涂料的发展。利用化学沉积和电镀技术，我们开发了新的阳极电镀和溶胶增强复合电镀方法。通过阳极电镀和溶胶增强复合电镀技术制备的镍磷涂层具有优异的机械性能和防腐性能。本文综述了新型镍磷涂料的结构与性能关系。它还重点讨论了NiP复合涂层的摩擦和腐蚀机制，并概述了未来发展和商业化的有前途的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Phase-selective synthesis of 2H-MoTe₂ via alkali-chalcogen exchange 碱-硫交换相选择合成2H-MoTe 2

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100878

Mario Flores Salazar , Christian Mateo Frausto-Avila , Miguel Ángel Hernández-Vázquez , Victor Arellano-Arreola , Barbara A. Muñiz Martínez , Marisol Mayorga-Garay , Erik Díaz-Cervantes , Andrés De Luna Bugallo

In this study, we explore the phase-selective synthesis of MoTe₂ through alkali-chalcogen exchange in MoS₂ crystals, facilitated by two alkali compounds: NaOH and KBr. The aim is to achieve the structural transformation from 2H-MoS₂ to 2H-MoTe₂ by atomic substitution of sulfur with tellurium. Our results demonstrate that at 500 °C, NaOH induces an uneven formation of both the 1 T’ and 2H phases of MoTe₂, whereas at 750 °C, KBr promotes the exclusive and homogeneous formation of the 2H phase. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the resulting crystals. The KBr-assisted method results in a more uniform phase transition with higher crystallinity and better stability compared to the NaOH-assisted method, which also induces the formation of oxide and NaO interaction. This study proposes a reaction pathway for KBr assisted process and highlights the advantages of KBr in achieving 2H phase-pure MoTe₂ through density functional theory calculations, which could create new opportunities for research in material engineering and its use in optoelectronic devices.

在这项研究中，我们探索了在NaOH和KBr两种碱化合物的促进下，通过MoS 2晶体中的碱-硫交换来相选择性合成MoTe 2。目的是通过用碲原子取代硫，实现从2H-MoS 2到2H-MoTe 2的结构转变。我们的研究结果表明，在500°C时，NaOH诱导MoTe₂的1t′和2H相的不均匀形成，而在750°C时，KBr促进2H相的均匀形成。利用拉曼光谱、x射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜和扫描电镜对所得晶体进行了表征。与naoh辅助方法相比，kbr辅助方法的相变更均匀，结晶度更高，稳定性更好，同时也诱导了氧化物的形成和NaO的相互作用。本研究提出了KBr辅助工艺的反应途径，并通过密度泛函理论计算强调了KBr在实现2H相纯MoTe₂方面的优势，为材料工程及其在光电器件中的应用研究创造了新的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Designing vertical aligned Zn microchannels for enhanced performance of Zn metal anodes 设计垂直排列的锌微通道以提高锌金属阳极的性能

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100870

Yu Zhang , Wenjie Wu , Ning Yi , Rensuo Chen , Zhenhua Zhang , Xing Qiang , Zhen Shen , Li Shi , Jianyu Chen , Jin Zhao

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries hold significant promise for grid-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. However, their practical deployment remains hindered by persistent challenges, including uncontrolled zinc dendrite formation and non-uniform metal deposition during repeated cycling. In this study, we propose a laser-etched zinc metal anode featuring vertically aligned, uniformly distributed pores (LVAZn) to address these limitations. By systematically tuning pore dimensions and spacing within the LVA-Zn microchannels, we demonstrate precise control over zinc deposition behavior. The vertical microchannels architecture homogenizes electric field distribution, lowering localized current density and guiding zinc to deposit preferentially within the pores rather than on the electrode surface. Furthermore, a polyimide coating applied to the anode surface mitigates parasitic reactions by shielding zinc from direct electrolyte contact. Symmetrical cells incorporating the optimized LVA-Zn anode exhibit exceptional cycling stability across a broad range of current densities (0.2–5 mA cm⁻²), maintaining stable voltage profiles with minimal polarization (30 mV at 5 mA cm⁻²). When integrated with MnO₂ cathodes in full-cell configurations, the system achieves a high reversible capacity of 270 mAh g⁻¹ and retains 98 % of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. These results highlight the synergistic benefits of structural engineering and interface modification in advancing durable, high-performance zinc-based energy storage systems.

由于其固有的安全性、成本效益和环境兼容性，水性锌离子电池在电网规模储能方面具有重要的前景。然而，它们的实际应用仍然受到持续挑战的阻碍，包括在重复循环过程中不受控制的锌枝晶形成和不均匀的金属沉积。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种激光蚀刻锌金属阳极，具有垂直排列，均匀分布的孔隙（LVAZn）来解决这些限制。通过系统地调整LVA-Zn微通道内的孔隙尺寸和间距，我们证明了对锌沉积行为的精确控制。垂直微通道结构使电场分布均匀，降低了局部电流密度，并引导锌优先沉积在孔内而不是电极表面。此外，在阳极表面涂上聚酰亚胺涂层，通过屏蔽锌与电解质的直接接触，减轻了寄生反应。采用优化LVA-Zn阳极的对称电池在宽电流密度范围内（0.2-5 mA cm - 2）表现出卓越的循环稳定性，在最小极化（5 mA cm - 2时30 mV）下保持稳定的电压分布。当在全电池配置中集成MnO2阴极时，该系统实现了270 mAh g−1的高可逆容量，并且在1 a g−1下循环300次后仍保持98%的初始容量。这些结果强调了结构工程和界面修改在推进耐用、高性能锌基储能系统中的协同效益。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable sensor technology: Laser-induced graphene based capacitive sensors on wooden substrates for touch and liquid level detection 可持续传感器技术：用于触摸和液位检测的木制基板上的激光诱导石墨烯电容式传感器

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100874

Shivam Dubey, Abhay Singh Thakur, Rahul Vaish

Sustainable graphene based interdigitated capacitive sensors are gaining popularity as an alternative to sophisticated existing sensors, which often feature complex mechanical designs tailored for specific applications like touch detection, light touch detection, and liquid level sensing. This research introduces laser-induced graphene(LIG) based capacitive sensors fabricated on wooden substrates, offering an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution. Utilizing the unique properties of wood and the precision of laser technology, we fabricated graphene layer on wood and optimized the fabrication parameters to achieve maximum capacitance and sensitivity. The graphene sensors demonstrated average touch sensitivity of response Δ C/C₀ of 31 % in capacitive touch sensing, showcasing their practical utility in diverse applications. These sensors serve as a proof-of-concept for sensor fabrication and operational mechanisms, intended for educational purposes due to their simple fabrication process and straightforward working principle. In the context of water level sensing, its sensitivity has been measured to be 1.8 pF per cm. These sustainable sensors not only meet the performance demands of modern applications but also contribute to reducing electronic waste and promoting biodegradable materials. This study paves the way for the development of eco-friendly and economical sensors that align with global sustainability goals. Due to its ability to detect dielectric materials, the LIG electrode graphene based IDC sensor can be integrated into various modern technologies and devices, it provides long-range sensing, be cost-effective, consume low power, and be environmentally friendly.

基于可持续石墨烯的交叉数字电容传感器作为现有复杂传感器的替代方案越来越受欢迎，这些传感器通常具有为特定应用（如触摸检测、光触摸检测和液位传感）定制的复杂机械设计。本研究介绍了在木制基板上制造的激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）电容式传感器，提供了一种节能、经济、环保的解决方案。利用木材的独特性能和激光技术的精度，我们在木材上制备了石墨烯层，并优化了制备参数，以实现最大的电容和灵敏度。石墨烯传感器在电容式触摸传感中显示出响应Δ C/C 0的平均触摸灵敏度为31%，展示了其在各种应用中的实际用途。这些传感器作为传感器制造和操作机制的概念验证，由于其简单的制造过程和直接的工作原理，用于教育目的。在水位传感的情况下，其灵敏度已被测量为每厘米1.8 pF。这些可持续传感器不仅满足现代应用的性能要求，而且有助于减少电子废物和促进生物可降解材料。这项研究为开发符合全球可持续发展目标的环保和经济传感器铺平了道路。由于具有检测介电材料的能力，基于LIG电极石墨烯的IDC传感器可以集成到各种现代技术和设备中，提供远程传感，具有成本效益，功耗低，环保等特点。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic attenuation of carbon footprint: Exploring the exciting potential of ultrathin structured photocatalysts for CO2 reduction† 碳足迹的战略性衰减：探索超薄结构光催化剂用于二氧化碳还原的令人兴奋的潜力

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100868

Muhammad Asjad Afzal , Muhammad Zeeshan Abid , Khalid Aljohani , Bassam S. Aljohani , Khezina Rafiq , Muhammad Ashhad Afzal , Abdul Rauf , Ejaz Hussain

Reducing CO₂ emission is a challenging and pressing issue that needs to be resolved immediately. Although, there have been reported many approaches to control on CO₂, but most reliable solution is conversion of CO₂ into valuable hydrocarbon products. In order to achieve this goal (CO₂ reduction), researchers have focussed to synthesize ultrathin structured materials having unique catalytic chracteristics. However, our assessment indicated that most of the reports are unclear regarding their claim of catalytic efficiencies. Due to ambiguity in reported protocols, numerous significant concerns have been pointed out by many young researchers. This is the reason, there is huge uncertainty regarding the reported catalytic efficiencies. Current study has explored the recent and progressive research on ultrathin structured photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. This work highlights the important catalysts that have been excessively used for catalytic conversion of CO₂ into useful products. For example, various kinds of ultrathin photocatalysts like 1D nanotubes, rods, wires and ribbons, 2D plates, nanosheets, and 3D architectures have been evaluated and discussed. Additionally, we have evaluated the important scientific techniques and methodologies that have been generally used to obtain better efficiencies. These approaches include structural engineering, use of dopants, role of vacancies, activity relationships, defects in crystal facets, structural alteration and developments of heterojunctions. All aforementioned approaches have been utilized to enhance CO₂ reduction into its useful substitutes. This review provides a comprehensive overview for the readers working on targeted and ultrathin structured photocatalysts. Moreover, this study evaluates the significant strategies used for CO₂ abatement. On the basis of assessment and evaluation, it has been concluded that current study holds promise to deliver advanced information for the readers and researchers working in similar areas and applications.

减少二氧化碳排放是一个具有挑战性和紧迫性的问题，需要立即解决。虽然有许多方法可以控制二氧化碳，但最可靠的解决方案是将二氧化碳转化为有价值的碳氢化合物产品。为了实现这一目标（二氧化碳减排），研究人员一直致力于合成具有独特催化特性的超薄结构材料。然而，我们的评估表明，大多数报告都不清楚他们声称的催化效率。由于报告方案的模糊性，许多年轻的研究人员指出了许多重要的问题。这就是报道的催化效率存在巨大不确定性的原因。本研究综述了超薄结构光催化剂在CO2还原中的最新研究进展。这项工作强调了重要的催化剂，已经过度使用的催化转化为有用的产品二氧化碳。例如，各种超薄光催化剂，如一维纳米管、棒、线和带、二维板、纳米片和三维结构已经被评估和讨论。此外，我们还评估了通常用于提高效率的重要科学技术和方法。这些方法包括结构工程、掺杂剂的使用、空位的作用、活性关系、晶体面缺陷、结构改变和异质结的发展。所有上述的方法都被用来加强二氧化碳的减少，使其成为有用的替代品。这篇综述为研究靶向和超薄结构光催化剂的读者提供了全面的概述。此外，本研究评估了用于二氧化碳减排的重要策略。在评估和评价的基础上，本研究有望为类似领域和应用领域的读者和研究人员提供先进的信息。

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