Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100876
María F. Vega, Elvira Díaz-Faes, Carmen Barriocanal
Defect modified carbon nitride (CN) was prepared from a freeze-dried solution of dicyandiamide and NH4Cl. Nanocomposites of the defect modified CN and carbon materials were prepared to overcome some of the disadvantages of CN and enhance photocatalytic H2 production from water splitting. The photocatalysts were thoroughly characterized including porosity, crystallinity, electrochemistry, chemical composition and optical absorption. Inclusion of NH4Cl produced an increase in surface area with a corresponding increase in active sites. The composite N-D-CN/1QD-D demonstrated the best charge separation efficiency and reduced recombination of the electron-hole pairs, in addition to improved charge density and a reduced charge transfer barrier, which was reflected in H2 production 3.6 times greater than from pristine CN.
{"title":"Nanocarbon modified carbon nitride for improved photocatalytic H2 production","authors":"María F. Vega, Elvira Díaz-Faes, Carmen Barriocanal","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defect modified carbon nitride (CN) was prepared from a freeze-dried solution of dicyandiamide and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl. Nanocomposites of the defect modified CN and carbon materials were prepared to overcome some of the disadvantages of CN and enhance photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production from water splitting. The photocatalysts were thoroughly characterized including porosity, crystallinity, electrochemistry, chemical composition and optical absorption. Inclusion of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl produced an increase in surface area with a corresponding increase in active sites. The composite N-D-CN/1QD-D demonstrated the best charge separation efficiency and reduced recombination of the electron-hole pairs, in addition to improved charge density and a reduced charge transfer barrier, which was reflected in H<sub>2</sub> production 3.6 times greater than from pristine CN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100877
Yuke Zhang , Yanyue Chen , Wanxin Mai , Guixia Hao , Zhaohua Chu , Xuan Xu , Yongbo Wu , Xiaoming Lin
A hierarchical Ni2S3/MnS composite with dual transition metal synergy was developed via a MOF-derived strategy as a high-performance electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. To investigate the charge storage performance of the sulphide in detail, we studied the synergistic mechanism between the two transition metals Ni and Mn in detail. and the introduction of the Mn and Ni components significantly improved the charge storage activity of the sulphide. Specifically, Mn-MOF may partially retain the porous skeleton during vulcanisation, providing a high specific surface area, which is conducive to ion/electron transport; whereas Ni's sulphides are usually highly metallic, which can significantly enhance the conductivity of the material. The electronic interactions between Ni and Mn can modulate the overall energy band structure of the sulphide, forming heterojunction interfaces and facilitating charge separation. This ordered porous structure facilitates the unobstructed diffusion of ions, while also accommodating volume changes during cycling. In performance tests, the Ni2S3/MnS composites showed excellent charge storage capability. The NiMn synergy was further evidenced by outstanding cycling stability, retaining 61.7 % initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. These results demonstrate the composite's great potential for hybrid supercapacitors.
{"title":"Mn-Ni bimetallic microporous sulfide electrode materials for efficient supercapacitor conversion","authors":"Yuke Zhang , Yanyue Chen , Wanxin Mai , Guixia Hao , Zhaohua Chu , Xuan Xu , Yongbo Wu , Xiaoming Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hierarchical Ni<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/MnS composite with dual transition metal synergy was developed via a MOF-derived strategy as a high-performance electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. To investigate the charge storage performance of the sulphide in detail, we studied the synergistic mechanism between the two transition metals Ni and Mn in detail. and the introduction of the Mn and Ni components significantly improved the charge storage activity of the sulphide. Specifically, Mn-MOF may partially retain the porous skeleton during vulcanisation, providing a high specific surface area, which is conducive to ion/electron transport; whereas Ni's sulphides are usually highly metallic, which can significantly enhance the conductivity of the material. The electronic interactions between Ni and Mn can modulate the overall energy band structure of the sulphide, forming heterojunction interfaces and facilitating charge separation. This ordered porous structure facilitates the unobstructed diffusion of ions, while also accommodating volume changes during cycling. In performance tests, the Ni<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/MnS composites showed excellent charge storage capability. The Ni<img>Mn synergy was further evidenced by outstanding cycling stability, retaining 61.7 % initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. These results demonstrate the composite's great potential for hybrid supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100871
Farahnaz Davoodi , Mohammad Rizehbandi , Shahrzad Javanshir , Mohammad G. Dekamin , Milad Noori , Aida Iraji
Graphene-based materials have emerged as promising tools in the field of theranostics, offering unique opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, and targeted therapy in lung cancer (LC). This study reviews the advances and potential applications of graphene-based materials in LC theranostics. The first section discusses the use of graphene-based nanomaterials for enhanced imaging of LC. graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) demonstrate exceptional performance as contrast agents in various imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF). These nanomaterials offer high sensitivity, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and flexible surface functionalization, enabling accurate detection and localization of LC lesions. The second section highlights the therapeutic applications of graphene-based materials in LC treatment. Graphene nanosheets and graphene-based drug delivery systems exhibit significant drug-loading capacity and controlled release properties. They effectively deliver chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapies, and targeted therapeutic agents to lung tumor sites, minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the potential of graphene-based photothermal therapy is explored, where the unique optical properties of graphene nanomaterials enable selective tumor ablation upon laser irradiation. The integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions in graphene-based theranostic agents offers personalized LC management, including real-time monitoring of treatment response and precise tumor localization. In conclusion, graphene-based materials are highlighted as versatile tools in LC theranostics, providing exceptional imaging capabilities, efficient drug delivery, and synergistic therapeutic effects. However, further research on toxicity, long-term safety, and large-scale clinical evaluations is necessary to realize their full clinical potential.
{"title":"Theranostic applications of graphene-based materials in lung cancer: A review","authors":"Farahnaz Davoodi , Mohammad Rizehbandi , Shahrzad Javanshir , Mohammad G. Dekamin , Milad Noori , Aida Iraji","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-based materials have emerged as promising tools in the field of theranostics, offering unique opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, and targeted therapy in lung cancer (LC). This study reviews the advances and potential applications of graphene-based materials in LC theranostics. The first section discusses the use of graphene-based nanomaterials for enhanced imaging of LC. graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) demonstrate exceptional performance as contrast agents in various imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF). These nanomaterials offer high sensitivity, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and flexible surface functionalization, enabling accurate detection and localization of LC lesions. The second section highlights the therapeutic applications of graphene-based materials in LC treatment. Graphene nanosheets and graphene-based drug delivery systems exhibit significant drug-loading capacity and controlled release properties. They effectively deliver chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapies, and targeted therapeutic agents to lung tumor sites, minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the potential of graphene-based photothermal therapy is explored, where the unique optical properties of graphene nanomaterials enable selective tumor ablation upon laser irradiation. The integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions in graphene-based theranostic agents offers personalized LC management, including real-time monitoring of treatment response and precise tumor localization. In conclusion, graphene-based materials are highlighted as versatile tools in LC theranostics, providing exceptional imaging capabilities, efficient drug delivery, and synergistic therapeutic effects. However, further research on toxicity, long-term safety, and large-scale clinical evaluations is necessary to realize their full clinical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100869
F.Z. Amir, J.C. Willier
2D conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered attention as new functional materials for energy storage devices due to their high porosity, large surface area, structural tailorability, and versatile functionality. However, their generally low conductivity has hindered their application in device applications. Herein, we present an innovative solution-processable method for the fabrication of high-performance pristine cobalt hexaaminobenzene (Co-HAB) metal-organic framework (MOF) supercapacitors. The Co-HAB electrodes were effectively deposited onto nickel foam substrates using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The EPD induced a layer-by-layer assembly mechanism for the Co-HAB nanosheets, which resulted in a binder free MOF-based symmetric supercapacitor that demonstrated superior electrochemical performance in a wide potential window of 0.0–1.2 V. Notably, the obtained Co-HAB MOF supercapacitors exhibited an impressive conductivity, operating at ultra-high charge-discharge rates of up to 4000 mV s−1, and achieved an outstanding areal specific capacitance of 13.77 mF cm−2. Furthermore, the Co-HAB supercapacitors exhibited remarkable long-term cycling stability, with 105 % of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles, marking the best retention reported for an MOF to date. The outstanding performance of the Co-HAB supercapacitor can be attributed to the binder-free EPD process and the conductive 2D MOF nanosheets featuring abundant nanopores, which facilitate efficient electron transfer and fast ion diffusion. These encouraging results suggest a promising avenue for exploring pristine conductive MOFs as functional materials for high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage solutions.
{"title":"Achieving enhanced capacitance retention in an extended potential window for pristine co-HAB metal-organic framework supercapacitors","authors":"F.Z. Amir, J.C. Willier","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2D conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered attention as new functional materials for energy storage devices due to their high porosity, large surface area, structural tailorability, and versatile functionality. However, their generally low conductivity has hindered their application in device applications. Herein, we present an innovative solution-processable method for the fabrication of high-performance pristine cobalt hexaaminobenzene (Co-HAB) metal-organic framework (MOF) supercapacitors. The Co-HAB electrodes were effectively deposited onto nickel foam substrates using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The EPD induced a layer-by-layer assembly mechanism for the Co-HAB nanosheets, which resulted in a binder free MOF-based symmetric supercapacitor that demonstrated superior electrochemical performance in a wide potential window of 0.0–1.2 V. Notably, the obtained Co-HAB MOF supercapacitors exhibited an impressive conductivity, operating at ultra-high charge-discharge rates of up to 4000 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, and achieved an outstanding areal specific capacitance of 13.77 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, the Co-HAB supercapacitors exhibited remarkable long-term cycling stability, with 105 % of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles, marking the best retention reported for an MOF to date. The outstanding performance of the Co-HAB supercapacitor can be attributed to the binder-free EPD process and the conductive 2D MOF nanosheets featuring abundant nanopores, which facilitate efficient electron transfer and fast ion diffusion. These encouraging results suggest a promising avenue for exploring pristine conductive MOFs as functional materials for high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867
JeongA Kim, Donghyeon Yu, Daeup Kim, Jungpil Kim, Junghoon Yang
This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing carbon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using waste coffee grounds. Two types of carbon were prepared: disordered hard carbon (C-HC) via direct carbonization, and highly crystalline graphite-like carbon (C-AG) through iron-catalyzed graphitization at 1500 °C. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful transformation from disordered to graphitic carbon. The interlayer spacing decreased from 3.52 Å (C-HC) to 3.36 Å (C-AG), and the ID/IG ratio dropped from 1.20 to 0.05, indicating enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. C-AG exhibited a high reversible capacity of 286 mAh g−1 and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.5 %, attributed to lithium intercalation through the staging mechanism in well-aligned graphene layers. In contrast, C-HC showed a lower capacity of 156 mAh g−1 and an efficiency of 73.9 %, with lithium mainly stored at surface defects and disordered regions. Despite its lower capacity, C-HC demonstrated superior rate performance, retaining 58.0 % of its capacity at 1000 mA g−1, compared to 18.6 % for C-AG. These results reveal a trade-off between structural crystallinity and rate capability, providing insights into the structure-property relationship in biomass-derived carbon anodes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of catalytic graphitization as a pathway to convert biowaste into high-performance graphite materials for energy storage applications.
本研究提出了一种利用废咖啡渣合成锂离子电池（LIBs）碳基负极材料的可持续方法。通过直接碳化制备了两种类型的碳：无序硬碳（C- hc）和高结晶类石墨碳（C- ag），通过1500℃铁催化石墨化。利用x射线衍射（XRD）和拉曼光谱分析证实了从无序碳到石墨碳的成功转变。层间间距从3.52 Å （C-HC）减小到3.36 Å （C-AG）， ID/IG比值从1.20下降到0.05，表明结晶度增强，缺陷密度降低。C-AG表现出286 mAh g−1的高可逆容量和85.5%的初始库仑效率，这归因于锂通过分级机制嵌入在排列良好的石墨烯层中。相比之下，C-HC的容量较低，为156 mAh g−1，效率为73.9%，锂主要储存在表面缺陷和无序区域。尽管容量较低，但C-HC表现出优异的倍率性能，在1000 mA g−1时保持了58.0%的容量，而C-AG的倍率为18.6%。这些结果揭示了结构结晶度和速率能力之间的权衡，为深入了解生物质衍生碳阳极的结构-性能关系提供了见解。这项工作证明了催化石墨化作为将生物废物转化为用于储能应用的高性能石墨材料的途径的可行性。
{"title":"Development of bio-graphite from waste coffee grounds via catalytic graphitization for sustainable Lithium ion batteries anodes","authors":"JeongA Kim, Donghyeon Yu, Daeup Kim, Jungpil Kim, Junghoon Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing carbon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using waste coffee grounds. Two types of carbon were prepared: disordered hard carbon (C-HC) via direct carbonization, and highly crystalline graphite-like carbon (C-AG) through iron-catalyzed graphitization at 1500 °C. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful transformation from disordered to graphitic carbon. The interlayer spacing decreased from 3.52 Å (C-HC) to 3.36 Å (C-AG), and the I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio dropped from 1.20 to 0.05, indicating enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. C-AG exhibited a high reversible capacity of 286 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.5 %, attributed to lithium intercalation through the staging mechanism in well-aligned graphene layers. In contrast, C-HC showed a lower capacity of 156 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an efficiency of 73.9 %, with lithium mainly stored at surface defects and disordered regions. Despite its lower capacity, C-HC demonstrated superior rate performance, retaining 58.0 % of its capacity at 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, compared to 18.6 % for C-AG. These results reveal a trade-off between structural crystallinity and rate capability, providing insights into the structure-property relationship in biomass-derived carbon anodes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of catalytic graphitization as a pathway to convert biowaste into high-performance graphite materials for energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866
Manjot Kaur , Piyush Sharma , Rameez Mir , Kamalpreet Kaur , Ram K. Sharma , Akshay Kumar
In the quest for sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key factors influencing the performance of SIBs, the choice of electrode materials stands out as a critical determinant. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in this regard owing to their unique properties and tunable characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in the application of various 2D materials for sodium-ion battery technologies. Specifically, we explore the utilization of graphene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXenes as electrode materials in SIBs. Through an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of these materials, this paper provides valuable insights into their potential for enhancing the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with the practical implementation of 2D materials in SIBs are discussed, along with perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing efficient and scalable sodium-ion battery technologies.
{"title":"From graphene to MXenes: Harnessing the power of 2D materials for enhanced sodium-ion battery performance","authors":"Manjot Kaur , Piyush Sharma , Rameez Mir , Kamalpreet Kaur , Ram K. Sharma , Akshay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the quest for sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key factors influencing the performance of SIBs, the choice of electrode materials stands out as a critical determinant. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in this regard owing to their unique properties and tunable characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in the application of various 2D materials for sodium-ion battery technologies. Specifically, we explore the utilization of graphene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXenes as electrode materials in SIBs. Through an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of these materials, this paper provides valuable insights into their potential for enhancing the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with the practical implementation of 2D materials in SIBs are discussed, along with perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing efficient and scalable sodium-ion battery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100865
Daniel Muvengei Mwangangi , Thollwana Andretta Makhetha , Jane Catherine Ngila , Langelihle Nsikayezwe Dlamini
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) and zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) are among photocatalysts with excellent light absorption properties. However, single photocatalyst suffers from rapid charge carrier recombination. For improved photoelectrocatalytic properties, herein, we report fabrication of a novel S-scheme ternary heterostructure (V2CTx@WO3/ZnIn2S4). Due to the high electrical conductivity of V2CTx MXene, its presence in the heterostructure offers efficient charge transfer kinetics at the interface. Monoclinic WO3 and cubic ZnIn2S4 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy including crystallite size and micro-strain. Ternary composites demonstrated red shift in light absorption wavelength, with band gap energies as low as 1.58 eV compared to 2.21 for ZnIn2S4 and 2.55 eV for WO3. Photoluminescence and electron impedance spectroscopy demonstrated effective charge separation with low charge transfer resistance by the ternary composite (5 % VWZ). Work functions for ZnIn2S4 (6.68 eV), WO3 (7.08 eV), and V2CTx (8.70 eV) confirmed the creation of an internal electric field at the interface of the semiconductors. Electron migration occurred from ZnIn2S4 to WO3 due to changes in binding energies as indicated by XPS data confirming S-scheme heterostructure.
{"title":"An efficient charge-carrier separation in vanadium-based MXene ternary heterostructure with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic properties","authors":"Daniel Muvengei Mwangangi , Thollwana Andretta Makhetha , Jane Catherine Ngila , Langelihle Nsikayezwe Dlamini","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) and zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) are among photocatalysts with excellent light absorption properties. However, single photocatalyst suffers from rapid charge carrier recombination. For improved photoelectrocatalytic properties, herein, we report fabrication of a novel S-scheme ternary heterostructure (V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub>@WO<sub>3</sub>/ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>). Due to the high electrical conductivity of V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene, its presence in the heterostructure offers efficient charge transfer kinetics at the interface. Monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> and cubic ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy including crystallite size and micro-strain. Ternary composites demonstrated red shift in light absorption wavelength, with band gap energies as low as 1.58 eV compared to 2.21 for ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and 2.55 eV for WO<sub>3</sub>. Photoluminescence and electron impedance spectroscopy demonstrated effective charge separation with low charge transfer resistance by the ternary composite (5 % VWZ). Work functions for ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (6.68 eV), WO<sub>3</sub> (7.08 eV), and V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> (8.70 eV) confirmed the creation of an internal electric field at the interface of the semiconductors. Electron migration occurred from ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> to WO<sub>3</sub> due to changes in binding energies as indicated by XPS data confirming S-scheme heterostructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100863
Yebin Lee , Naechul Shin
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a primary technique for producing large-area monolayer TMDs, the use of metal oxide precursors with high melting points presents various synthetic limitations. As an alternative, metal salt-based precursors have emerged due to their water solubility and low melting points. However, challenges remain in obtaining high-quality TMDs from these liquid precursors to, largely due to a limited understanding of the precursor diffusion process. Here, we present a systematic study on spin-coated precursor-based CVD growth of WSe2 in confined spaces, demonstrating a significant enhancement in the uniformity of domain size and number density through regulated precursor diffusion achieved by substrate covering. Furthermore, we show that microscopic precursor diffusion, both within and beyond the flake edges, influences edge morphologies and local optical emission properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the fabrication of large-area TMD monolayers, which hold promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into diffusion-controlled 2D WSe2 growth via chemical vapor deposition in confined spaces","authors":"Yebin Lee , Naechul Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a primary technique for producing large-area monolayer TMDs, the use of metal oxide precursors with high melting points presents various synthetic limitations. As an alternative, metal salt-based precursors have emerged due to their water solubility and low melting points. However, challenges remain in obtaining high-quality TMDs from these liquid precursors to, largely due to a limited understanding of the precursor diffusion process. Here, we present a systematic study on spin-coated precursor-based CVD growth of WSe<sub>2</sub> in confined spaces, demonstrating a significant enhancement in the uniformity of domain size and number density through regulated precursor diffusion achieved by substrate covering. Furthermore, we show that microscopic precursor diffusion, both within and beyond the flake edges, influences edge morphologies and local optical emission properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the fabrication of large-area TMD monolayers, which hold promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surface modification of graphite electrodes for hydrogen production using caffeine was investigated in sulphuric acid electrolyte. Characterization of both the graphite and the modified graphite with caffeine was conducted using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Additionally, an evaluation of hydrogen production was carried out using a direct current power supply set at various voltages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 V) and with an Autolab Workstation for cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric analyses. A hydrogen evolution current of density of −1000 mA/cm2 corresponding to −0.65 V (vs RHE) and 6.36 mA/cm2 corresponding to 9.803 V (vs RHE) were achieved under two-electrode chronoamperometric evaluations and direct current power supply set-up, respectively.
研究了在硫酸电解液中对咖啡因制氢石墨电极的表面改性。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析仪（TGA）和扫描电镜（SEM）对石墨和咖啡因改性石墨进行了表征。此外，利用直流电源设置不同电压（2、4、6、8和10 V），并使用自动实验室工作站进行循环伏安法（CV）、线性扫描伏安法（LSV）和计时安培分析，对产氢进行了评估。在双电极计时电流和直流电源设置下，分别获得了−0.65 V （vs RHE）和6.36 mA/cm2的析氢电流密度，分别对应于−0.65 V和9.803 V （vs RHE）。
{"title":"Molecular caffeine electrode for hydrogen production using two or three electrode configurations in sulphuric acid electrolyte solution on a graphite's surface","authors":"Dieketseng Tsotetsi , Tumelo Seadira , Olayemi J. Fakayode , Mayetu Segale , Bakang Mothudi , Pontsho Mbule , Mokhotjwa Dhlamini","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface modification of graphite electrodes for hydrogen production using caffeine was investigated in sulphuric acid electrolyte. Characterization of both the graphite and the modified graphite with caffeine was conducted using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Additionally, an evaluation of hydrogen production was carried out using a direct current power supply set at various voltages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 <em>V</em>) and with an Autolab Workstation for cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric analyses. A hydrogen evolution current of density of −1000 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> corresponding to −0.65 <em>V</em> (vs RHE) and 6.36 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> corresponding to 9.803 V (vs RHE) were achieved under two-electrode chronoamperometric evaluations and direct current power supply set-up, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100862
Zixuan Gou , Weibin Xi , Wei Jiang , Zekai Zhang , Jinping Zhao , Jin Zhou , Yang Su
The rapid evolution of fifth-generation (5G) communication technology calls for next-generation packaging materials that not only excel in dielectric performance like dielectric constant and dielectric loss but push the demand for thermal stability. Here, we explore superhydrophobic fluorinated graphene (FG), revealing a remarkable combination of dielectric properties and thermal stability that make FG a standout candidate for electronic packaging in 5G applications. By fine-tuning the fluorine-to‑carbon (F/C) ratio in the FG, we have achieved a dielectric constant as low as 1.50 with an F/C ratio of 1.18, significantly lower than many conventional materials. Even more impressively, our FG exhibits an ultra-low dielectric loss of just 0.0037 at 10 MHz. Beyond its outstanding electrical performance, FG boasts exceptional thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature high to ∼500 °C, far surpassing standard polymers for packaging materials. Moreover, its hydrophobic nature remains stable in outdoor environments, cementing its reliability over time. With its low dielectric constant, minimal dielectric loss, high thermal resilience, and environmental durability, FG holds tremendous promise as a competitive candidate in advanced packaging materials for 5G technology.
{"title":"Study on the dielectric properties of fluorinated graphene","authors":"Zixuan Gou , Weibin Xi , Wei Jiang , Zekai Zhang , Jinping Zhao , Jin Zhou , Yang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid evolution of fifth-generation (5G) communication technology calls for next-generation packaging materials that not only excel in dielectric performance like dielectric constant and dielectric loss but push the demand for thermal stability. Here, we explore superhydrophobic fluorinated graphene (FG), revealing a remarkable combination of dielectric properties and thermal stability that make FG a standout candidate for electronic packaging in 5G applications. By fine-tuning the fluorine-to‑carbon (F/C) ratio in the FG, we have achieved a dielectric constant as low as 1.50 with an F/C ratio of 1.18, significantly lower than many conventional materials. Even more impressively, our FG exhibits an ultra-low dielectric loss of just 0.0037 at 10 MHz. Beyond its outstanding electrical performance, FG boasts exceptional thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature high to ∼500 °C, far surpassing standard polymers for packaging materials. Moreover, its hydrophobic nature remains stable in outdoor environments, cementing its reliability over time. With its low dielectric constant, minimal dielectric loss, high thermal resilience, and environmental durability, FG holds tremendous promise as a competitive candidate in advanced packaging materials for 5G technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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