Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100907
Thi Nam Pham , Thi Ngoc Thao Le , Ngoc Uyen Dao , Thi Kieu Anh Vo , Hoang Anh Nguyen , Thi Thom Nguyen , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Thai Hoang Nguyen , Viet Hai Le , Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh , Dai Lam Tran , Thi Mai Thanh Dinh
Silicon is one of the most attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its exceptionally high theoretical capacity (∼3579 mAh g−1). However, its practical implementation is severely restricted by extensive volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to mechanical degradation and rapid capacity fading. To overcome these limitations, silicon/activated carbon (Si/AC) composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% Si were synthesized via a scalable ball milling approach. Among them, the Si10/AC composite exhibited optimal structural integrity, high specific surface area, and favorable ion diffusion properties. It delivered a high initial capacity of 1634 mAh g−1 and retained 935 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at C/10, with a stable Coulombic efficiency of ∼95 %. These results underscore the effectiveness of the carbon matrix in mitigating silicon's volume expansion, enhancing conductivity, and maintaining electrode stability. The Si10/AC architecture offers a promising pathway for the development of high-performance, durable silicon-based anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
由于其极高的理论容量（~ 3579 mAh g - 1），硅是锂离子电池最具吸引力的负极材料之一。然而，它的实际实施受到锂化/消瘦过程中大量体积变化的严重限制，导致机械降解和容量快速衰减。为了克服这些限制，通过可扩展的球磨方法合成了含有10%、20%和30% Si的硅/活性炭（Si/AC）复合材料。其中Si10/AC复合材料具有最佳的结构完整性、较高的比表面积和良好的离子扩散性能。它提供了1634 mAh g - 1的高初始容量，并在C/10下循环400次后保持935 mAh g - 1，库仑效率稳定在约95%。这些结果强调了碳基体在减轻硅的体积膨胀、提高导电性和保持电极稳定性方面的有效性。Si10/AC结构为下一代锂离子电池高性能、耐用的硅基阳极的开发提供了一条有前途的途径。
{"title":"Scalable fabrication of silicon/activated carbon composite anodes with superior capacity for Lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Thi Nam Pham , Thi Ngoc Thao Le , Ngoc Uyen Dao , Thi Kieu Anh Vo , Hoang Anh Nguyen , Thi Thom Nguyen , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Thai Hoang Nguyen , Viet Hai Le , Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh , Dai Lam Tran , Thi Mai Thanh Dinh","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon is one of the most attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its exceptionally high theoretical capacity (∼3579 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). However, its practical implementation is severely restricted by extensive volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to mechanical degradation and rapid capacity fading. To overcome these limitations, silicon/activated carbon (Si/AC) composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% Si were synthesized via a scalable ball milling approach. Among them, the Si10/AC composite exhibited optimal structural integrity, high specific surface area, and favorable ion diffusion properties. It delivered a high initial capacity of 1634 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and retained 935 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 400 cycles at C/10, with a stable Coulombic efficiency of ∼95 %. These results underscore the effectiveness of the carbon matrix in mitigating silicon's volume expansion, enhancing conductivity, and maintaining electrode stability. The Si10/AC architecture offers a promising pathway for the development of high-performance, durable silicon-based anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100905
Hyunju Park, JeongA Kim, Jungpil Kim, Daeup Kim, Junghoon Yang
This study investigates the synthesis and electrochemical performance of hard carbon anodes derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Given the growing interest in SIBs as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of suitable anode materials is critical. Graphite, the conventional anode in LIBs, exhibits poor sodium ion storage capability due to thermodynamic instability of Na-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), necessitating alternative carbon anode materials for SIBs. Hard carbon, with its disordered structure, tunable interlayer spacing, offers a promising solution by mixed sodium storage mechanisms—including surface adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling. In this work, waste PET was carbonized at different temperature conditions (1000 °C for p-LHC, 1250 °C for p-MHC, and 1500 °C for p-HHC) under inert atmosphere to produce upcycled hard carbons with varying structural properties. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed progressive crystallization and microstructural evolution with increasing temperature. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that the intermediate-temperature carbonized hard carbon achieved the highest reversible capacity of 269.2 mAh g−1 and demonstrated excellent cycling stability by retaining 96 % of its capacity (260 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles. Notably, p-MHC maintained a high capacity of approximately 200 mAh g−1 even at current density of 1000 mA g−1, indicating remarkable rate capability. This enhanced performance can be attributed to its transitional microstructure, which facilitates both sloping-type (surface-driven) and plateau-type (intercalation-driven) sodium storage mechanisms. Our findings highlight the potential of converting waste PET into high-value added hard carbon anodes by regulating its microstructure, offering the dual benefits of addressing environmental issues and advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.
研究了以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）为原料制备的钠离子电池（sib）用硬碳阳极的合成及其电化学性能。鉴于sib作为锂离子电池（lib）的成本效益和可持续替代品的兴趣日益增长，开发合适的阳极材料至关重要。石墨作为锂离子电池的传统阳极，由于na -石墨插层化合物（gic）的热力学不稳定性，其钠离子存储能力较差，因此需要替代碳作为锂离子电池的阳极材料。硬碳结构无序，层间间距可调，通过表面吸附、插层和孔隙填充等混合钠储存机制，为钠离子提供了一种很有前途的解决方案。在惰性气氛下，在不同温度条件下（p-LHC为1000°C， p-MHC为1250°C， p-HHC为1500°C）对废PET进行碳化，生产出具有不同结构性能的升级再生硬碳。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对其进行了表征，发现随着温度的升高，晶体逐渐结晶，微观结构逐渐演变。电化学评价表明，中温碳化硬质碳的可逆容量达到了最高的269.2 mAh g−1，并且在100次循环后仍能保持96%的容量（260 mAh g−1），表现出优异的循环稳定性。值得注意的是，即使在电流密度为1000 mA g−1的情况下，p-MHC也保持了约200 mAh g−1的高容量，表明了卓越的倍率能力。这种增强的性能可归因于其过渡结构，有利于斜坡型（表面驱动）和平台型（插层驱动）钠储存机制。我们的研究结果强调了通过调节其微观结构将废弃PET转化为高附加值硬碳阳极的潜力，提供了解决环境问题和推进可持续能源存储技术的双重好处。
{"title":"The effects of flattening microstructure of disordered hard carbon derived from waste polyethylene terephthalate on ion storage behaviors in sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Hyunju Park, JeongA Kim, Jungpil Kim, Daeup Kim, Junghoon Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synthesis and electrochemical performance of hard carbon anodes derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Given the growing interest in SIBs as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of suitable anode materials is critical. Graphite, the conventional anode in LIBs, exhibits poor sodium ion storage capability due to thermodynamic instability of Na-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), necessitating alternative carbon anode materials for SIBs. Hard carbon, with its disordered structure, tunable interlayer spacing, offers a promising solution by mixed sodium storage mechanisms—including surface adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling. In this work, waste PET was carbonized at different temperature conditions (1000 °C for p-LHC, 1250 °C for p-MHC, and 1500 °C for p-HHC) under inert atmosphere to produce upcycled hard carbons with varying structural properties. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed progressive crystallization and microstructural evolution with increasing temperature. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that the intermediate-temperature carbonized hard carbon achieved the highest reversible capacity of 269.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and demonstrated excellent cycling stability by retaining 96 % of its capacity (260 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>) after 100 cycles. Notably, p-MHC maintained a high capacity of approximately 200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even at current density of 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, indicating remarkable rate capability. This enhanced performance can be attributed to its transitional microstructure, which facilitates both sloping-type (surface-driven) and plateau-type (intercalation-driven) sodium storage mechanisms. Our findings highlight the potential of converting waste PET into high-value added hard carbon anodes by regulating its microstructure, offering the dual benefits of addressing environmental issues and advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100906
Kavitha Balasubramanian , Saranvignesh Alagarsamy , Michael Ruby Raj , Shen Ming Chen , Ramanjaneyulu Seemaladinne , J. Gandhiraj , Srikanth Cheemalapati , Chelladurai Karuppiah , Chun-Chen Yang , Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
Detecting 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA) is crucial due to its prevalence as an industrial pollutant and associated health hazards. In this study, we synthesized a novel stannate-based nanocomposite, Zn2SnO4/porous graphene oxide nanosheets (Zn2SnO4/PGO), through a facile hydrothermal method followed by ultrasonication-assisted dispersion. For the first time, this Zn2SnO4/PGO nanocomposite was employed as an electrode modifier for 4-NBA detection. The structural and physicochemical properties of the synthesized Zn2SnO4/PGO nanocomposite were systematically characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Electrochemical studies, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), demonstrated that the Zn2SnO4/PGO-modified electrode has a significantly enhanced electroactive surface area and efficient electron transport, resulting in superior electrocatalytic activity for 4-NBA detection. From the DPV quantification experiments, the limit of detection was calculated as 3.3 nM within the linear detection range of 0.1–231 μM. The sensor demonstrated high accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Anti-interference studies indicated no significant cathodic potential shifts in the presence of common interfering species. Finally, the Zn2SnO4/PGO-modified sensor was successfully applied to detect 4-NBA in real samples, including human urine, river water, and wastewater, showing excellent recovery rates. These findings confirm the sensor's potential for reliable and sensitive electrochemical monitoring of 4-NBA in different matrices, underscoring the importance of environmental safety and public health protections.
{"title":"Highly sensitive voltammetric detection of 4-nitrobenzoic acid using Zn2SnO4/porous graphene oxide nanosheets composite electrode","authors":"Kavitha Balasubramanian , Saranvignesh Alagarsamy , Michael Ruby Raj , Shen Ming Chen , Ramanjaneyulu Seemaladinne , J. Gandhiraj , Srikanth Cheemalapati , Chelladurai Karuppiah , Chun-Chen Yang , Sayee Kannan Ramaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA) is crucial due to its prevalence as an industrial pollutant and associated health hazards. In this study, we synthesized a novel stannate-based nanocomposite, Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/porous graphene oxide nanosheets (Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/PGO), through a facile hydrothermal method followed by ultrasonication-assisted dispersion. For the first time, this Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/PGO nanocomposite was employed as an electrode modifier for 4-NBA detection. The structural and physicochemical properties of the synthesized Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/PGO nanocomposite were systematically characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Electrochemical studies, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), demonstrated that the Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/PGO-modified electrode has a significantly enhanced electroactive surface area and efficient electron transport, resulting in superior electrocatalytic activity for 4-NBA detection. From the DPV quantification experiments, the limit of detection was calculated as 3.3 nM within the linear detection range of 0.1–231 μM. The sensor demonstrated high accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Anti-interference studies indicated no significant cathodic potential shifts in the presence of common interfering species. Finally, the Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/PGO-modified sensor was successfully applied to detect 4-NBA in real samples, including human urine, river water, and wastewater, showing excellent recovery rates. These findings confirm the sensor's potential for reliable and sensitive electrochemical monitoring of 4-NBA in different matrices, underscoring the importance of environmental safety and public health protections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100895
Nicolas F. Martins , Warda Elaggoune , José. A.S. Laranjeira , Yusuf Zuntu Abdullahi , Julio R. Sambrano
Mitigating the shuttle effect induced by lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is essential for improving the performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this study, we employ density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the suitability of a metallic pentagonal PBN (penta-PBN) monolayer as an anchoring material for S and LiS species (x = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8). The penta-PBN surface exhibits strong adsorption toward LiPSs, with binding energies ranging from −0.74 to −5.21 eV, and notable charge transfer, particularly for LiS (−0.821e) and LiS (−0.883e), indicative of chemisorption. Density of states (DOS) analysis confirms that penta-PBN retains its metallic character upon adsorption, ensuring continuous electron transport. Furthermore, nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations reveal low diffusion barriers for Li and LiS, highlighting excellent ionic mobility. These results underscore the promise of penta-PBN as a robust anchoring platform for next-generation Li–S battery cathodes.
{"title":"Anchoring performance of metallic penta-PBN monolayer in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries","authors":"Nicolas F. Martins , Warda Elaggoune , José. A.S. Laranjeira , Yusuf Zuntu Abdullahi , Julio R. Sambrano","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating the shuttle effect induced by lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is essential for improving the performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this study, we employ density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the suitability of a metallic pentagonal PBN (penta-PBN) monolayer as an anchoring material for S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and Li<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> species (x = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8). The penta-PBN surface exhibits strong adsorption toward LiPSs, with binding energies ranging from −0.74 to −5.21 eV, and notable charge transfer, particularly for Li<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> (−0.821e) and Li<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> (−0.883e), indicative of chemisorption. Density of states (DOS) analysis confirms that penta-PBN retains its metallic character upon adsorption, ensuring continuous electron transport. Furthermore, nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations reveal low diffusion barriers for Li and Li<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>S, highlighting excellent ionic mobility. These results underscore the promise of penta-PBN as a robust anchoring platform for next-generation Li–S battery cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100904
P. Sujita, Sethumathavan Vadivel
Bismuthene, an emergent two-dimensional material, exhibits potential for energy applications but requires enhancement in electrocatalytic efficiency. This study investigates the impact of individual heteroatom doping- boron (B), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (S)-on bismuthene to optimize its catalytic performance. Structural and compositional modifications were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reveal that nitrogen-doped bismuthene (Biene-N) demonstrates the lowest overpotential of 350 mV at 50 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 78 mV dec−1 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Stability tests confirm 24-h durability with the decrement of overpotential of 30 mV, attributed to self-reconstruction. The findings highlight the role of heteroatom doping in modulating electronic structure and surface activity, providing a new pathway for efficient, cost-effective metallenes-based electrocatalysts in sustainable energy technologies. This study provides insights into the role of targeted heteroatom doping in optimizing bismuthene for sustainable energy technologies, offering a pathway for developing efficient and cost-effective energy solutions.
铋是一种新兴的二维材料，具有能源应用的潜力，但需要提高电催化效率。本研究考察了硼(B)、氮(N)、氧(O)和硫(S)等杂原子掺杂对铋烯催化性能的影响，以优化其催化性能。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了结构和成分的变化。包括循环伏安法（CV）、线性扫描伏安法（LSV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）在内的电化学研究表明，氮掺杂铋（Biene-N）在50 mA cm−2下的过电位最低为350 mV， Tafel斜率为78 mV dec−1，用于析氧反应（OER）。稳定性测试证实了24小时的耐久性，由于自重构，过电位降低了30 mV。这些发现突出了杂原子掺杂在调制电子结构和表面活性方面的作用，为可持续能源技术中高效、经济的金属基电催化剂提供了新的途径。该研究揭示了靶向杂原子掺杂在优化铋可持续能源技术中的作用，为开发高效、经济的能源解决方案提供了途径。
{"title":"Unravelling the role of heteroatom modifications in Bismuthene towards OER performance","authors":"P. Sujita, Sethumathavan Vadivel","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bismuthene, an emergent two-dimensional material, exhibits potential for energy applications but requires enhancement in electrocatalytic efficiency. This study investigates the impact of individual heteroatom doping- boron (B), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (<em>S</em>)-on bismuthene to optimize its catalytic performance. Structural and compositional modifications were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reveal that nitrogen-doped bismuthene (Biene-N) demonstrates the lowest overpotential of 350 mV at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with a Tafel slope of 78 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Stability tests confirm 24-h durability with the decrement of overpotential of 30 mV, attributed to self-reconstruction. The findings highlight the role of heteroatom doping in modulating electronic structure and surface activity, providing a new pathway for efficient, cost-effective metallenes-based electrocatalysts in sustainable energy technologies. This study provides insights into the role of targeted heteroatom doping in optimizing bismuthene for sustainable energy technologies, offering a pathway for developing efficient and cost-effective energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100903
T. Kavinkumar , Sivasankaran Ayyaru , Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan , Sandoval-Hevia Gabriela , Natarajan Chidhambaram , N. Dineshbabu , Sathishkumar Kamaraj , Shanmuga Sundar Dhanabalan , Mir Waqas Alam , Arun Thirumurugan
Mo2TiC2 MXene, a member of the expanding family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, has emerged as a highly promising material owing to its unique layered structure, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent physicochemical properties. This review presents a detailed and focused analysis of Mo2TiC2 MXene, with an emphasis on its synthesis strategies including conventional hydrofluoric acid-based and environmentally benign fluoride-free methods. Surface modifications and chemical functionalization approaches are discussed to highlight how these treatments enhance stability, dispersibility, and application-specific performance. Structural, mechanical, and thermoelectric characteristics are critically evaluated to establish a foundation for understanding the material's behavior under diverse conditions. The review further explores a wide range of applications, including its use in energy storage (supercapacitors, lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), energy conversion (photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and electrocatalysis for HER/ORR), and environmental remediation. Emerging applications in hydrogen storage, biomass conversion, sensing technologies, nonlinear photonics, and photocatalysis are also addressed. Recent theoretical insights based on DFT calculations are incorporated to provide atomic-level understanding of electronic structure, surface reactivity, and interaction mechanisms. Despite the promising advancements, challenges such as large-scale synthesis, structural stability, and limited exploration in biomedical and photothermal applications remain. Future research directions are outlined, including hybridization with other functional materials, advanced computational screening, and scalable green synthesis methods. By consolidating current progress and identifying critical knowledge gaps, this review serves as a timely and comprehensive resource, aimed at accelerating research on Mo2TiC2 MXene for next-generation applications across energy, environment, and emerging technologies.
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of Mo2TiC2 MXene: synthesis, properties, and applications in energy and beyond","authors":"T. Kavinkumar , Sivasankaran Ayyaru , Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan , Sandoval-Hevia Gabriela , Natarajan Chidhambaram , N. Dineshbabu , Sathishkumar Kamaraj , Shanmuga Sundar Dhanabalan , Mir Waqas Alam , Arun Thirumurugan","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub> MXene, a member of the expanding family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, has emerged as a highly promising material owing to its unique layered structure, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent physicochemical properties. This review presents a detailed and focused analysis of Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub> MXene, with an emphasis on its synthesis strategies including conventional hydrofluoric acid-based and environmentally benign fluoride-free methods. Surface modifications and chemical functionalization approaches are discussed to highlight how these treatments enhance stability, dispersibility, and application-specific performance. Structural, mechanical, and thermoelectric characteristics are critically evaluated to establish a foundation for understanding the material's behavior under diverse conditions. The review further explores a wide range of applications, including its use in energy storage (supercapacitors, lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), energy conversion (photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and electrocatalysis for HER/ORR), and environmental remediation. Emerging applications in hydrogen storage, biomass conversion, sensing technologies, nonlinear photonics, and photocatalysis are also addressed. Recent theoretical insights based on DFT calculations are incorporated to provide atomic-level understanding of electronic structure, surface reactivity, and interaction mechanisms. Despite the promising advancements, challenges such as large-scale synthesis, structural stability, and limited exploration in biomedical and photothermal applications remain. Future research directions are outlined, including hybridization with other functional materials, advanced computational screening, and scalable green synthesis methods. By consolidating current progress and identifying critical knowledge gaps, this review serves as a timely and comprehensive resource, aimed at accelerating research on Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub> MXene for next-generation applications across energy, environment, and emerging technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100902
Naseer H. Kadhim , Hyeonhu Bae , Tanveer Hussain , Heider A. Abdulhussein
Driven by the potential of hydrogen (H2) as a sustainable alternative to conventional energy sources, we have conducted spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the viability of a two-dimensional porous C₉N₄ monolayer as an efficient H2 storage material. Our findings reveal that the adsorption energy of H2 molecules on the pristine C9N4 is insufficient for effective storage. However, when the C9N4 monolayer is decorated with selected light transition metals (Sc, Ti, V), the adsorption energy improves significantly. We find that a 2 × 2 supercell of C9N4 can accommodate a maximum of four dopants of Sc, Ti and V. The resulting TMs-decorated C9N4 structure (TMs@C9N4) can adsorb up to 28 H2 molecules, with average adsorption energies of −0.245, −0.337, and − 0.320 eV of the systems 4Sc@C9N4, 4Ti@C9N4, and 4 V@C9N4, respectively, satisfying the targets set by the US Department of Energy (DOE). Additionally, the gravimetric H2 densities reach 9.93, 9.72 and 9.52 wt% for 4Sc@C9N4, 4Ti@C9N4, and 4 V@C9N4, respectively. Furthermore, electronic and magnetic analyses indicate that TMs@C9N4 has the potential to serve as a superior candidate for energy storage applications. Finally, we explore the H2 storage at practical conditions of pressure and temperature using the Langmuir-adsorption model.
{"title":"Reversible hydrogen storage of light transition metal-functionalized C9N4 monolayers under ambient conditions","authors":"Naseer H. Kadhim , Hyeonhu Bae , Tanveer Hussain , Heider A. Abdulhussein","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the potential of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) as a sustainable alternative to conventional energy sources, we have conducted spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the viability of a two-dimensional porous C₉N₄ monolayer as an efficient H<sub>2</sub> storage material. Our findings reveal that the adsorption energy of H<sub>2</sub> molecules on the pristine C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is insufficient for effective storage. However, when the C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub> monolayer is decorated with selected light transition metals (Sc, Ti, V), the adsorption energy improves significantly. We find that a 2 × 2 supercell of C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub> can accommodate a maximum of four dopants of Sc, Ti and V. The resulting TMs-decorated C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub> structure (TMs@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) can adsorb up to 28 H<sub>2</sub> molecules, with average adsorption energies of −0.245, −0.337, and − 0.320 eV of the systems 4Sc@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, 4Ti@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and 4 V@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, respectively, satisfying the targets set by the US Department of Energy (DOE). Additionally, the gravimetric H<sub>2</sub> densities reach 9.93, 9.72 and 9.52 wt% for 4Sc@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, 4Ti@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and 4 V@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, respectively. Furthermore, electronic and magnetic analyses indicate that TMs@C<sub>9</sub>N<sub>4</sub> has the potential to serve as a superior candidate for energy storage applications. Finally, we explore the H<sub>2</sub> storage at practical conditions of pressure and temperature using the Langmuir-adsorption model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100901
Chenxi Cui , Lingxiu Shu , Changchun Chen , Xia Xu , Zhixiong Huang , Zisheng Guan , Yifeng Wang , Lin Pan
The rapid industrialization has exacerbated organic pollutant emissions, while conventional treatment methods suffer from inefficiency and high operational costs. Photocatalysis attracts considerable interest given its efficiency and eco-friendliness. A sulfur-doped WO3 (denoted as S-WO₃)/BiInOCl composite photocatalyst was constructed via a facile hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic properties of composites were thoroughly explored through the evaluation of their organic dye decomposition. The micromorphology, band structure, and carrier migration mechanism of these composites were analyzed using diversified characterization techniques. The findings reveal Sulfur-doped ability to decrease the bandgap of WO₃, broaden its light absorption spectrum, and significantly increase its photocatalytic efficacy. Adding BiInOCl improves the stacking order in S-WO3 and facilitates the dissociation of electron-hole pairs originating from the heterojunction. More importantly, S-scheme heterojunction was successfully built at the interface of S-WO3 and BiInOCl material, which was corroborated by XPS spectra, photo-electrochemistry, radical trapping experiments, and EPR tests. The S-WO₃/BiInOCl composite photocatalyst exhibited a degradation efficiency of 98 % within 24 min, representing a 4.8-fold and 1.9-fold enhancement compared to S-WO₃ and BiInOCl, respectively. Moreover, after three experimental cycles, the hybrid photocatalyst retains significant degradation efficacy, demonstrating superior photochemical robustness and recyclable properties.
{"title":"Construction and synthesis of S-WO₃/BiInOCl photocatalyst via synergistic ion doping and heterojunction engineering for efficient degradation of MB","authors":"Chenxi Cui , Lingxiu Shu , Changchun Chen , Xia Xu , Zhixiong Huang , Zisheng Guan , Yifeng Wang , Lin Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrialization has exacerbated organic pollutant emissions, while conventional treatment methods suffer from inefficiency and high operational costs. Photocatalysis attracts considerable interest given its efficiency and eco-friendliness. A sulfur-doped WO<sub>3</sub> (denoted as S-WO₃)/BiInOCl composite photocatalyst was constructed via a facile hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic properties of composites were thoroughly explored through the evaluation of their organic dye decomposition. The micromorphology, band structure, and carrier migration mechanism of these composites were analyzed using diversified characterization techniques. The findings reveal Sulfur-doped ability to decrease the bandgap of WO₃, broaden its light absorption spectrum, and significantly increase its photocatalytic efficacy. Adding BiInOCl improves the stacking order in S-WO<sub>3</sub> and facilitates the dissociation of electron-hole pairs originating from the heterojunction. More importantly, S-scheme heterojunction was successfully built at the interface of S-WO<sub>3</sub> and BiInOCl material, which was corroborated by XPS spectra, photo-electrochemistry, radical trapping experiments, and EPR tests. The S-WO₃/BiInOCl composite photocatalyst exhibited a degradation efficiency of 98 % within 24 min, representing a 4.8-fold and 1.9-fold enhancement compared to S-WO₃ and BiInOCl, respectively. Moreover, after three experimental cycles, the hybrid photocatalyst retains significant degradation efficacy, demonstrating superior photochemical robustness and recyclable properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100900
Rimsha Perveen , Shumaila Bibi , Mohammad Danish , Sadia Atta , Sobhy M. Ibrahim , Sadam Hussain , Muhammad Ahmad Wattoo , Shu-Juan Bao , Aziz Ur Rehman
The fabrication of earth-abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts to replace benchmark materials such as RuO2 and IrO2 has attained significant attention from experts for advancing clean energy processes, particularly through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. Presented work describes a new two-dimensional MoS2 nanoflower doped with molybdenum and zirconium (MoZrO3/MoS2) synthesized via a facile and efficient in situ hydrothermal strategy. This robust and cost-effective electrocatalyst demonstrates superior activity, stability, and scalability for electrocatalytic applications. The MoZrO3/MoS2 nanostructure exhibits a highly synergistic interaction, probably due to the incorporation of the metallic MoZrO3 phase, which significantly enhances electronic conductivity, reduces charge transfer resistance, and maximizes active site availability. Comprehensive characterization, including FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses, confirmed the crystalline and structural integrity of the synthesized material. Notably, the MoZrO3/MoS2 composite achieved an impressively low overpotential of 0.252 V at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming both pristine MoS2 (0.303 V) and CuZrO3/MoS2 (0.283 V) in identical conditions. The nanocomposite also exhibits exceptional kinetics with a Tafel slope of 43.5 mV dec−1 and robust long-term stability, maintaining performance over 24 h of continuous operation. DFT analysis further validates the synergistic interaction by revealing reduced bandgap, enhanced density of states, and favorable charge distribution at the interface, supporting the experimentally observed high OER activity. These remarkable properties highlight the ability of MoZrO3/MoS2 as a stable, efficient, scalable and heterostructured electrocatalyst for OER. This study not only highlights a promising pathway for the design earth-abundant materials electrocatalysts as alternative to noble-metal-based catalysts for future innovations in cost-effective and sustainable energy conversion technologies.
制备储量丰富且高效的电催化剂以取代基准材料如RuO2和IrO2，已经引起了专家们的极大关注，以推进清洁能源工艺，特别是通过碱性溶液中的出氧反应（OER）。本文描述了一种新的二维掺杂钼锆的MoS2纳米花（MoZrO3/MoS2），通过一种简单有效的原位水热策略合成。这种稳健且经济高效的电催化剂在电催化应用中表现出卓越的活性、稳定性和可扩展性。MoZrO3/MoS2纳米结构表现出高度的协同相互作用，这可能是由于金属MoZrO3相的掺入，从而显著提高了电子导电性，降低了电荷转移电阻，并最大化了活性位点的可用性。综合表征，包括FTIR， XRD和SEM分析，证实了合成材料的晶体和结构完整性。值得注意的是，MoZrO3/MoS2复合材料在10 mA cm - 2条件下获得了0.252 V的过电位，优于原始MoS2 （0.303 V）和CuZrO3/MoS2 （0.283 V）。该纳米复合材料还表现出优异的动力学性能，其塔菲尔斜率为43.5 mV dec−1，具有强大的长期稳定性，可在24小时的连续运行中保持性能。DFT分析进一步验证了协同作用，揭示了带隙减小、态密度增强和界面上有利的电荷分布，支持了实验观察到的高OER活性。这些显著的性能突出了MoZrO3/MoS2作为OER的稳定、高效、可扩展和异质结构电催化剂的能力。这项研究不仅为设计富含地球资源的电催化剂作为贵金属基催化剂的替代品，在未来的创新中具有成本效益和可持续的能源转换技术提供了一条有希望的途径。
{"title":"Tailoring of hierarchical MoZrO3/MoS2 for unrivaled efficient Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution process","authors":"Rimsha Perveen , Shumaila Bibi , Mohammad Danish , Sadia Atta , Sobhy M. Ibrahim , Sadam Hussain , Muhammad Ahmad Wattoo , Shu-Juan Bao , Aziz Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of earth-abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts to replace benchmark materials such as RuO<sub>2</sub> and IrO<sub>2</sub> has attained significant attention from experts for advancing clean energy processes, particularly through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. Presented work describes a new two-dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflower doped with molybdenum and zirconium (MoZrO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>) synthesized via a facile and efficient in situ hydrothermal strategy. This robust and cost-effective electrocatalyst demonstrates superior activity, stability, and scalability for electrocatalytic applications. The MoZrO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanostructure exhibits a highly synergistic interaction, probably due to the incorporation of the metallic MoZrO<sub>3</sub> phase, which significantly enhances electronic conductivity, reduces charge transfer resistance, and maximizes active site availability. Comprehensive characterization, including FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses, confirmed the crystalline and structural integrity of the synthesized material. Notably, the MoZrO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> composite achieved an impressively low overpotential of 0.252 V at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, outperforming both pristine MoS<sub>2</sub> (0.303 V) and CuZrO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> (0.283 V) in identical conditions. The nanocomposite also exhibits exceptional kinetics with a Tafel slope of 43.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> and robust long-term stability, maintaining performance over 24 h of continuous operation. DFT analysis further validates the synergistic interaction by revealing reduced bandgap, enhanced density of states, and favorable charge distribution at the interface, supporting the experimentally observed high OER activity. These remarkable properties highlight the ability of MoZrO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> as a stable, efficient, scalable and heterostructured electrocatalyst for OER. This study not only highlights a promising pathway for the design earth-abundant materials electrocatalysts as alternative to noble-metal-based catalysts for future innovations in cost-effective and sustainable energy conversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100898
Minh-Thuan Pham , Duyen P.H. Tran , Van Viet Pham , Phuong Hoang Nguyen , Minh-Ky Nguyen , Sakthivel Kogularasu , Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh , Yen-Yi Lee , Guo-Ping Chang-Chien , Tien-Chin Chang , Ya-Fen Wang , Sheng-Jie You
Heterostructure photocatalysts have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently removing air pollutants, leveraging their synergistic properties for enhanced photocatalytic activity. In this study, Pd/TiO2@g-C3N4 heterojunction composites were synthesized via a wet impregnation method, integrating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to enhance visible-light photocatalysis. The Pd NPs, with an average particle size of 7.2 nm, were uniformly distributed on the TiO2@g-C3N4 surface with minimal aggregation, ensuring optimal interaction within the composite. Under solar and visible-light irradiation, the 5 % Pd/TiO2@g-C3N4 composites exhibited outstanding air pollutant oxidation efficiencies of 77.1 % and 67.2 %, respectively, while maintaining high stability over five recycling cycles with minimal formation of toxic byproducts. The enhanced performance was attributed to improved light absorption, narrowed bandgap, and efficient S-scheme charge transfer, with Pd NPs functioning as electron sinks to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species via the reduction process while suppressing electron–hole recombination. Mechanistic studies, supported by band structure analysis, trapping experiments, and EPR spectroscopy, revealed that photogenerated holes in TiO2 dominate the oxidation process, while Pd facilitates charge separation and redox reactions. These results underscore the potential of SPR-enhanced heterojunction systems as robust and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
{"title":"Investigating the role of Pd-coated TiO2@g-C3N4 heterojunctions in enhancing photocatalytic NO removal","authors":"Minh-Thuan Pham , Duyen P.H. Tran , Van Viet Pham , Phuong Hoang Nguyen , Minh-Ky Nguyen , Sakthivel Kogularasu , Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh , Yen-Yi Lee , Guo-Ping Chang-Chien , Tien-Chin Chang , Ya-Fen Wang , Sheng-Jie You","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterostructure photocatalysts have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently removing air pollutants, leveraging their synergistic properties for enhanced photocatalytic activity. In this study, Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> heterojunction composites were synthesized via a wet impregnation method, integrating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to enhance visible-light photocatalysis. The Pd NPs, with an average particle size of 7.2 nm, were uniformly distributed on the TiO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> surface with minimal aggregation, ensuring optimal interaction within the composite. Under solar and visible-light irradiation, the 5 % Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composites exhibited outstanding air pollutant oxidation efficiencies of 77.1 % and 67.2 %, respectively, while maintaining high stability over five recycling cycles with minimal formation of toxic byproducts. The enhanced performance was attributed to improved light absorption, narrowed bandgap, and efficient S-scheme charge transfer, with Pd NPs functioning as electron sinks to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species via the reduction process while suppressing electron–hole recombination. Mechanistic studies, supported by band structure analysis, trapping experiments, and EPR spectroscopy, revealed that photogenerated holes in TiO<sub>2</sub> dominate the oxidation process, while Pd facilitates charge separation and redox reactions. These results underscore the potential of SPR-enhanced heterojunction systems as robust and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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