Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100951
Rodrigo A.F. Alves , Hugo X. Rodrigues , José A.S. Laranjeira , Fábio L.L. Mendonça , Alysson M.A. Silva , Julio R. Sambrano , Luiz A. Ribeiro Junior
We report the computational design and characterization of PolyRingene, a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope with a lattice composed of 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 10-membered rings. First-principles calculations confirm the energetic, dynamical, and thermal stability of this material through phonon dispersion and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Electronic structure analysis reveals a metallic character. Mechanical response under uniaxial strain shows anisotropy, with Young’s modulus of 610 GPa along the x-direction and 560 GPa along the y-direction. Fracture occurs at 12% strain, accompanied by the formation of linear atomic carbon chains that bridge the ruptured regions. To enable large-scale simulations, we developed a machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained on density functional theory data. The MLIP accurately reproduces phonon spectra and stress–strain responses, outperforming traditional empirical potentials and demonstrating excellent transferability.
{"title":"PolyRingene: A novel 2D carbon allotrope explored via first-principles and machine learning interatomic potentials","authors":"Rodrigo A.F. Alves , Hugo X. Rodrigues , José A.S. Laranjeira , Fábio L.L. Mendonça , Alysson M.A. Silva , Julio R. Sambrano , Luiz A. Ribeiro Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the computational design and characterization of PolyRingene, a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope with a lattice composed of 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 10-membered rings. First-principles calculations confirm the energetic, dynamical, and thermal stability of this material through phonon dispersion and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Electronic structure analysis reveals a metallic character. Mechanical response under uniaxial strain shows anisotropy, with Young’s modulus of 610 GPa along the x-direction and 560 GPa along the y-direction. Fracture occurs at 12% strain, accompanied by the formation of linear atomic carbon chains that bridge the ruptured regions. To enable large-scale simulations, we developed a machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained on density functional theory data. The MLIP accurately reproduces phonon spectra and stress–strain responses, outperforming traditional empirical potentials and demonstrating excellent transferability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100950
Şebnem Şimşiroğlu , Taner Aslan , Berrin Saygı Yalçın , Erol Erçağ , Jülide Hızal
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pyromellitic diimide carboxylic acid-derived with high retention capacity MOFs as adsorbents for contaminant removal, employing CV as a model pollutant. The adsorbents were synthesized by individually treating the organic linkers with Cu(II) solution at 100–110 °C for 12 h. The characterization of the adsorbents was conducted using FTIR, SEM, PXRD, TGA, BET/N2 surface area analysis, zeta potential measurement, and potentiometric titration. The specific surface areas were determined to be 780.64 m2/g for PDBA-Cu and 445.69 m2/g for PDPA-Cu. The sorption properties of the produced adsorbents were analyzed, considering contact time, initial concentration, pH, and temperature. The adsorptions fitted to the PSOM, exhibiting k values of 0.001 and 0.002 for PDBA-Cu and PDPA-Cu, respectively, in conjunction with the presence of pore diffusion. The CV adsorption on PDPA-Cu conformed to the Freundlich isotherm and had Langmuir characteristics for PDBA-Cu. The Qmax values were yielded as 322.58 mg/g for PDBA-Cu and 400.00 mg/g for PDPA-Cu at 313 K. The maximum adsorptions were achieved at pH levels between 2 and 7 for PDBA-Cu and between 2 and 9 for PDPA-Cu. Electrostatic and π-π interactions have played a role in the CV adsorption on fabricated MOFs. The adsorptions were optimized via modeling with Response Surface Methodology and Box-Behnken Design, based on the critical process variables of contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The findings of this study validated the superior efficacy of the synthesized MOFs in eliminating cationic organic dyes and their applicability in treatment methods.
{"title":"Utilization of copper-coordinated metal-organic framework materials for crystal violet removal: Modeling using box-behnken experimental design","authors":"Şebnem Şimşiroğlu , Taner Aslan , Berrin Saygı Yalçın , Erol Erçağ , Jülide Hızal","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pyromellitic diimide carboxylic acid-derived with high retention capacity MOFs as adsorbents for contaminant removal, employing CV as a model pollutant. The adsorbents were synthesized by individually treating the organic linkers with Cu(II) solution at 100–110 °C for 12 h. The characterization of the adsorbents was conducted using FTIR, SEM, PXRD, TGA, BET/N<sub>2</sub> surface area analysis, zeta potential measurement, and potentiometric titration. The specific surface areas were determined to be 780.64 m<sup>2</sup>/g for PDBA-Cu and 445.69 m<sup>2</sup>/g for PDPA-Cu. The sorption properties of the produced adsorbents were analyzed, considering contact time, initial concentration, pH, and temperature. The adsorptions fitted to the PSOM, exhibiting k values of 0.001 and 0.002 for PDBA-Cu and PDPA-Cu, respectively, in conjunction with the presence of pore diffusion. The CV adsorption on PDPA-Cu conformed to the Freundlich isotherm and had Langmuir characteristics for PDBA-Cu. The Q<sub>max</sub> values were yielded as 322.58 mg/g for PDBA-Cu and 400.00 mg/g for PDPA-Cu at 313 K. The maximum adsorptions were achieved at pH levels between 2 and 7 for PDBA-Cu and between 2 and 9 for PDPA-Cu. Electrostatic and π-π interactions have played a role in the CV adsorption on fabricated MOFs. The adsorptions were optimized via modeling with Response Surface Methodology and Box-Behnken Design, based on the critical process variables of contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The findings of this study validated the superior efficacy of the synthesized MOFs in eliminating cationic organic dyes and their applicability in treatment methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MBenes, a novel class of two-dimensional transition metal borides, have emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of advanced technological applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the synthesis strategies of MBenes, emphasizing top-down and bottom-up approaches, structural characteristics, and surface terminations. The intrinsic metallic conductivity, high mechanical strength, tunable electronic properties, and chemical stability of MBenes position them as attractive materials for diverse fields, including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, electronics, sensors, and biomedicine. Special attention is given to the structure–property relationships and the challenges associated with scalable synthesis and integration into functional devices. Finally, we highlight key opportunities and future directions for accelerating the exploration of MBenes in multidisciplinary research landscapes.
{"title":"Exploring MBenes: Synthesis, structure, and multidisciplinary applications","authors":"Manjot Kaur , Piyush Sharma , Unni Krishnan , Kamalpreet Kaur , Shagun Kainth , Akshay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MBenes, a novel class of two-dimensional transition metal borides, have emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of advanced technological applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the synthesis strategies of MBenes, emphasizing top-down and bottom-up approaches, structural characteristics, and surface terminations. The intrinsic metallic conductivity, high mechanical strength, tunable electronic properties, and chemical stability of MBenes position them as attractive materials for diverse fields, including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, electronics, sensors, and biomedicine. Special attention is given to the structure–property relationships and the challenges associated with scalable synthesis and integration into functional devices. Finally, we highlight key opportunities and future directions for accelerating the exploration of MBenes in multidisciplinary research landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100948
Om Priya Nanda, Sushmee Badhulika
Two-dimensional transition metal borides that possess sandwich-like structures similar to MXenes and exhibit excellent electrical conductivity. Here, we report a fluoride-free ecological approach for synthesizing 2D molybdenum-boride (MoB) tailored hydrogel for flexible supercapacitors. Successful formation of MoB with distinct 2D layered nanosheet morphology and stable crystalline structure is achieved through physicochemical analyses. The key advancement here is the integration of 2D MoB into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylamide matrix, forming a flexible hydrogel electrode that utilizes a combination of faradaic and non-faradaic charge storage mechanisms. A flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor is developed by pairing MoB hydrogel with activated carbon (AC) hydrogel (MoB//AC). This device delivers an impressive areal capacitance of 280 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2, with an energy density of 61 μWh/cm2 at 1250 μW/cm2 power density. MoB//AC also exhibits good durability by retaining 68.2 % capacitance after 8500 cycles and 90 % when flexed to 60°, signifying its excellent flexibility. This performance highlights the MoB//AC hydrogel based device has potential to enhance energy storage efficiency and stability in advanced flexible supercapacitor applications.
{"title":"Fluorine-free sustainable synthesis of two-dimensional molybdenum boride (MoB) embedded hydrogel for advanced flexible all solid-state supercapacitor with excellent long-term stability","authors":"Om Priya Nanda, Sushmee Badhulika","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional transition metal borides that possess sandwich-like structures similar to MXenes and exhibit excellent electrical conductivity. Here, we report a fluoride-free ecological approach for synthesizing 2D molybdenum-boride (MoB) tailored hydrogel for flexible supercapacitors. Successful formation of MoB with distinct 2D layered nanosheet morphology and stable crystalline structure is achieved through physicochemical analyses. The key advancement here is the integration of 2D MoB into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylamide matrix, forming a flexible hydrogel electrode that utilizes a combination of faradaic and non-faradaic charge storage mechanisms. A flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor is developed by pairing MoB hydrogel with activated carbon (AC) hydrogel (MoB//AC). This device delivers an impressive areal capacitance of 280 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, with an energy density of 61 μWh/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1250 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> power density. MoB//AC also exhibits good durability by retaining 68.2 % capacitance after 8500 cycles and 90 % when flexed to 60°, signifying its excellent flexibility. This performance highlights the MoB//AC hydrogel based device has potential to enhance energy storage efficiency and stability in advanced flexible supercapacitor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100949
Bing Wei , Changyu Liu , Fan Feng , Yupei Li , Qingwen Qu , Ailian Liu , Xinming Gao , Huizhu Xu , Jue Wang
Addressing escalating electromagnetic radiation pollution, this research emphasizes the development of advanced materials with enhanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. In this study, reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 (RGO/Fe3O4) nanocomposites are synthesized via a one-step in-situ method. During the synthesis process, graphene oxide (GO) is reduced into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by Fe2+ ions, while Fe3O4 nanoparticles are concurrently formed on the RGO surface, yielding the nanocomposite in a single reaction. Adjustments in Fe2+ concentration facilitate precise control over the RGO-to-Fe3O4 mass ratio, enabling tailored modulation of the EMI shielding efficacy in the resultant nanocomposites. EMI shielding is achieved through synergistic mechanisms, including superior dielectric loss properties of RGO, intrinsic magnetic loss characteristics of Fe3O4 and interfacial polarization loss at the RGO-Fe3O4 junction. Comparative analysis reveals optimal performance of the RGO/Fe3O4 when the GO-to-FeCl2·4H2O mass ratio is set to 1:15, achieving average total shielding effectiveness (SET) values of 89.8 dB.
{"title":"In-situ synthesis of RGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites: Optimizing electromagnetic interference shielding properties","authors":"Bing Wei , Changyu Liu , Fan Feng , Yupei Li , Qingwen Qu , Ailian Liu , Xinming Gao , Huizhu Xu , Jue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing escalating electromagnetic radiation pollution, this research emphasizes the development of advanced materials with enhanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. In this study, reduced graphene oxide/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (RGO/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites are synthesized via a one-step in-situ method. During the synthesis process, graphene oxide (GO) is reduced into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions, while Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles are concurrently formed on the RGO surface, yielding the nanocomposite in a single reaction. Adjustments in Fe<sup>2+</sup> concentration facilitate precise control over the RGO-to-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> mass ratio, enabling tailored modulation of the EMI shielding efficacy in the resultant nanocomposites. EMI shielding is achieved through synergistic mechanisms, including superior dielectric loss properties of RGO, intrinsic magnetic loss characteristics of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and interfacial polarization loss at the RGO-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> junction. Comparative analysis reveals optimal performance of the RGO/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> when the GO-to-FeCl<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O mass ratio is set to 1:15, achieving average total shielding effectiveness (SE<sub>T</sub>) values of 89.8 dB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100947
Malathi Arumugam , N. Subha , A. Ravi Sankar , Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan , Hsi-Hsien Yang
Photocatalytic technology is advancing rapidly, offering enormous potential for fostering a sustainable future. Its ability to enable clean energy production through eco-friendly applications has made it a key component of global sustainability efforts. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts owing to their unique structural, electronic, and chemical properties. These qualities place LDHs at the forefront of addressing emerging energy and environmental challenges, further strengthening their importance in photocatalytic applications. The various compositions of LDHs, achieved through the selective variation of metal cations (M2+ and M3+), enable precise bandgap engineering to optimize light absorption. Furthermore, LDHs exhibit remarkable stability under ultraviolet and visible light, ensuring their durability over time. Their light-harvesting and catalytic activities are further enhanced when integrated with other materials, thereby expanding their application scope. These synergistic properties enable LDHs to excel in photocatalytic processes aimed at clean and sustainable energy generation. This review emphasizes LDH-based heterostructures for photocatalytic energy conversion, particularly in hydrogen (H2) production and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, highlighting their considerable potential to drive the development of a durable LDH photocatalytic system for future sustainable energy solutions is also presented.
{"title":"Layered double hydroxide materials based next-generation photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction and H2 production applications","authors":"Malathi Arumugam , N. Subha , A. Ravi Sankar , Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan , Hsi-Hsien Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic technology is advancing rapidly, offering enormous potential for fostering a sustainable future. Its ability to enable clean energy production through eco-friendly applications has made it a key component of global sustainability efforts. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts owing to their unique structural, electronic, and chemical properties. These qualities place LDHs at the forefront of addressing emerging energy and environmental challenges, further strengthening their importance in photocatalytic applications. The various compositions of LDHs, achieved through the selective variation of metal cations (M<sup>2+</sup> and M<sup>3+</sup>), enable precise bandgap engineering to optimize light absorption. Furthermore, LDHs exhibit remarkable stability under ultraviolet and visible light, ensuring their durability over time. Their light-harvesting and catalytic activities are further enhanced when integrated with other materials, thereby expanding their application scope. These synergistic properties enable LDHs to excel in photocatalytic processes aimed at clean and sustainable energy generation. This review emphasizes LDH-based heterostructures for photocatalytic energy conversion, particularly in hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) reduction, highlighting their considerable potential to drive the development of a durable LDH photocatalytic system for future sustainable energy solutions is also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water pollution poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, requiring effective and sustainable treatment strategies. While conventional methods often fall short, there remains a significant research gap in developing highly efficient hybrid systems that combine enhanced adsorption with potent visible light photocatalysis. Herein, we report the novel synthesis of a unique 1D/0D/2D heterostructure photocatalyst, which consists of Ag-modified CuBi2O4 nanorods and WO3 nanoparticles decorated on single-layer graphene oxide (SL-GO) sheets, targeting both significantly enhanced methylene blue (MB) adsorption and photodegradation. The Ag-CuBi2O4/WO3/SL-GO nanocomposite was synthesized via combined hydrothermal/ultrasonication methods. XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, XPS, PL, and Raman techniques confirm its successful preparation. The analyses demonstrated a substantial enhancement in MB adsorption and near-complete MB photodegradation (99.5 %) under visible light, with a notably high kinetic rate constant (0.0319 min−1). Its adsorption capacity was also 4–10 times larger than that of individual components and binary nanocomposite material. The enhanced performance is primarily ascribed to the reduced band gap, high surface area and exceptional electron conductivity of SL-GO, efficient charge separation, reduced electron-hole recombination, enhanced visible light absorption capacity, and synergistic integration of Ag-CuBi2O4/WO3 and SL-GO features. In addition, the nanocomposite was non-genotoxic, which assures its safe use in environmental applications. This study presents a promising and low-energy approach for water remediation, highlighting the potential of the hybrid Ag-CuBi2O4/WO3/SL-GO photocatalyst for sustainable environmental applications and can guide future designs for the removal of diverse pollutants.
{"title":"Enhanced adsorption-photocatalysis of organic pollutants using an Ag-CuBi2O4/WO3/SL-GO nanocomposite","authors":"Ohood A. Alghamdi , Yassine Slimani , Huseyin Tombuloglu , Abdelkrim Mekki , Abuzar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, requiring effective and sustainable treatment strategies. While conventional methods often fall short, there remains a significant research gap in developing highly efficient hybrid systems that combine enhanced adsorption with potent visible light photocatalysis. Herein, we report the novel synthesis of a unique 1D/0D/2D heterostructure photocatalyst, which consists of Ag-modified CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanorods and WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles decorated on single-layer graphene oxide (SL-GO) sheets, targeting both significantly enhanced methylene blue (MB) adsorption and photodegradation. The Ag-CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>/SL-GO nanocomposite was synthesized via combined hydrothermal/ultrasonication methods. XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, XPS, PL, and Raman techniques confirm its successful preparation. The analyses demonstrated a substantial enhancement in MB adsorption and near-complete MB photodegradation (99.5 %) under visible light, with a notably high kinetic rate constant (0.0319 min<sup>−1</sup>). Its adsorption capacity was also 4–10 times larger than that of individual components and binary nanocomposite material. The enhanced performance is primarily ascribed to the reduced band gap, high surface area and exceptional electron conductivity of SL-GO, efficient charge separation, reduced electron-hole recombination, enhanced visible light absorption capacity, and synergistic integration of Ag-CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> and SL-GO features. In addition, the nanocomposite was non-genotoxic, which assures its safe use in environmental applications. This study presents a promising and low-energy approach for water remediation, highlighting the potential of the hybrid Ag-CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>/SL-GO photocatalyst for sustainable environmental applications and can guide future designs for the removal of diverse pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100945
Afsaneh Mousa Pour , Hadi Mahmoudi-Moghaddam , Zahra Garkani-Nejad
In this study, a sensitive rifampicin (RF) detection platform was established using a highly efficient electrochemical DNA biosensor. The sensing platform was constructed through the modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with two-dimensional europium(III)–molybdenum disulfide nanocompsites (2D-Eu(III)/MoS₂) and immobilized double-stranded DNA. This work was designed to leverage the synergistic properties of MoS₂ nanocompsites and europium(III) to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance for drug–DNA interaction analysis. The nanomaterial was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to monitor the guanine response, which decreased significantly due to the preferential binding of RF to DNA. The biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity of 0.103 μA/μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 38.0 nM, and a linear detection range of 0.09–65.0 μM. Successful application was demonstrated in real samples, including pharmaceutical formulations, serum, and urine. In real sample analysis, the biosensor showed recoveries of 96–104 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4.0 %, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability for practical applications. The innovative aspect of this study was in the design of a 2D-Eu(III)/MoS₂-based nanoplatform that enhances DNA loading capacity and amplifies electrochemical activity, providing a superior sensing system for RF compared to previously reported sensors.
{"title":"A highly efficient DNA biosensor based on 2D-europium/MoS₂ nanocomposites for rifampicin detection","authors":"Afsaneh Mousa Pour , Hadi Mahmoudi-Moghaddam , Zahra Garkani-Nejad","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a sensitive rifampicin (RF) detection platform was established using a highly efficient electrochemical DNA biosensor. The sensing platform was constructed through the modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with two-dimensional europium(III)–molybdenum disulfide nanocompsites (2D-Eu(III)/MoS₂) and immobilized double-stranded DNA. This work was designed to leverage the synergistic properties of MoS₂ nanocompsites and europium(III) to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance for drug–DNA interaction analysis. The nanomaterial was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to monitor the guanine response, which decreased significantly due to the preferential binding of RF to DNA. The biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity of 0.103 μA/μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 38.0 nM, and a linear detection range of 0.09–65.0 μM. Successful application was demonstrated in real samples, including pharmaceutical formulations, serum, and urine. In real sample analysis, the biosensor showed recoveries of 96–104 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4.0 %, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability for practical applications. The innovative aspect of this study was in the design of a 2D-Eu(III)/MoS₂-based nanoplatform that enhances DNA loading capacity and amplifies electrochemical activity, providing a superior sensing system for RF compared to previously reported sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100945"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100941
Huan Gao , Yilin Guo , Haoran Li , Zimen Yu , Yugang Chen , Qing Cao , Yiren Liu , Hongtao Cao , Shasha Wang , Linghai Xie
Stretchable alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices that emit multiple colors are essential for soft electronics and displays. However, traditional ACEL devices face significant challenges in terms of color tunability and stretchability. This study introduced tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3) into the emitting layer for the construction of a multicolored ACEL device, which achieves color-tunable emissions from blue to red (464–588 nm) by adjusting the mass ratio of Alq3 to ZnS-based phosphors. Polydimethylsiloxane was integrated as a flexible matrix and Ag nanowires as stretchable electrodes to endow the device with mechanical stretchability up to 240 %, while maintaining stable emission under 50 % strain. Structural and photophysical characterizations have confirmed that the incorporation of Alq3 does not affect the crystallinity of the phosphors but regulates emission through charge transfer. Patterned multicolor display arrays and a customizable “CMSOD” emblem have been fabricated, highlighting potential applications in information displays. This work presents a straightforward method for fabricating stretchable ACEL devices with tunable color output through organic-inorganic hybrids, offering an alternative ACEL device for soft optoelectronics with colorful displays.
{"title":"Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum-doped stretchable alternating current electroluminescent devices with tunable multicolor emission for patterned display application","authors":"Huan Gao , Yilin Guo , Haoran Li , Zimen Yu , Yugang Chen , Qing Cao , Yiren Liu , Hongtao Cao , Shasha Wang , Linghai Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretchable alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices that emit multiple colors are essential for soft electronics and displays. However, traditional ACEL devices face significant challenges in terms of color tunability and stretchability. This study introduced tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq<sub>3</sub>) into the emitting layer for the construction of a multicolored ACEL device, which achieves color-tunable emissions from blue to red (464–588 nm) by adjusting the mass ratio of Alq<sub>3</sub> to ZnS-based phosphors. Polydimethylsiloxane was integrated as a flexible matrix and Ag nanowires as stretchable electrodes to endow the device with mechanical stretchability up to 240 %, while maintaining stable emission under 50 % strain. Structural and photophysical characterizations have confirmed that the incorporation of Alq<sub>3</sub> does not affect the crystallinity of the phosphors but regulates emission through charge transfer. Patterned multicolor display arrays and a customizable “CMSOD” emblem have been fabricated, highlighting potential applications in information displays. This work presents a straightforward method for fabricating stretchable ACEL devices with tunable color output through organic-inorganic hybrids, offering an alternative ACEL device for soft optoelectronics with colorful displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of varying etchant on the synthesis of early 1st-row transition metal-based MXenes, including titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and chromium (Cr), from their corresponding MAX phases were explored for supercapacitor applications. The MXenes were synthesised via chemical etching using HF/HCl or NaF/HCl mixtures, revealing that HF favors Ti-MXene while NaF is more effective for V- and Cr-MXenes. Comprehensive physiochemical characterisation including XRD, FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the successful formation of transition metal carbides. FE-SEM/EDS and HR-TEM analyses revealed a two-dimensional layered morphology in each MXene with distinct lattice fringes, exhibiting d-spacing values of 0.245 nm, 1.556 nm, and 0.549 nm for Ti3C2Tx, V2CTx, and Cr2CTx respectively, confirming their crystalline nature. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry revealed that V2CTx delivered the highest specific capacitance at 408.26 F g−1, compared to Ti3C2Tx (97.23 F g−1) and Cr2CTx (72.92 F g−1) at 2 mV s−1. Similarly, galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements showed a capacitance of 625.00 F g−1 for V2CTx, significantly outperforming Ti3C2Tx (191.44 F g−1) and Cr2CTx (41.19 F g−1) at 0.5 A g−1, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further confirmed its higher conductivity than the other MXenes. These findings underscore the critical role of the etchant in MXene synthesis and demonstrate the superior electrochemical performance of V-MXenes for supercapacitor electrodes.
研究了不同蚀刻剂对钛（Ti）、钒(V)和铬（Cr）等第一行过渡金属基MXenes的影响，探讨了其在超级电容器中的应用。用HF/HCl或NaF/HCl混合物进行化学刻蚀合成MXenes，发现HF有利于ti -MXenes， NaF对V-和Cr-MXenes更有效。包括XRD、FTIR和XPS分析在内的综合理化表征证实了过渡金属碳化物的成功形成。FE-SEM/EDS和HR-TEM分析显示，Ti3C2Tx、V2CTx和Cr2CTx的d-spacing分别为0.245 nm、1.556 nm和0.549 nm，各MXene均呈二维层状，具有明显的晶格条纹，证实了它们的结晶性质。此外，循环伏安法表明，在2mv s−1下，V2CTx的比电容最高，为408.26 F g−1，而Ti3C2Tx为97.23 F g−1，Cr2CTx为72.92 F g−1。同样，恒流充放电测量表明，V2CTx的电容为625.00 F g−1，显著优于Ti3C2Tx （191.44 F g−1）和Cr2CTx (41.19 F g−1)，而电化学阻抗谱进一步证实了其电导率高于其他MXenes。这些发现强调了蚀刻剂在MXene合成中的关键作用，并证明了v -MXene用于超级电容器电极的优越电化学性能。
{"title":"Role of transition metal and etchant in the synthesis of MXenes (Ti-, V-, and Cr-) and their electrochemical properties as supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Syeda Sheeza Nadeem , Rizwan Khan , Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya , Muhammad Iqbal Syauqi , Yulia Mariana Tesa Ayudia Putri , Respati Kevin Pramadewandaru , Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho , Munawar Khalil , Tribidasari Anggraningrum Ivandini","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of varying etchant on the synthesis of early 1st-row transition metal-based MXenes, including titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and chromium (Cr), from their corresponding MAX phases were explored for supercapacitor applications. The MXenes were synthesised via chemical etching using HF/HCl or NaF/HCl mixtures, revealing that HF favors Ti-MXene while NaF is more effective for V- and Cr-MXenes. Comprehensive physiochemical characterisation including XRD, FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the successful formation of transition metal carbides. FE-SEM/EDS and HR-TEM analyses revealed a two-dimensional layered morphology in each MXene with distinct lattice fringes, exhibiting d-spacing values of 0.245 nm, 1.556 nm, and 0.549 nm for Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub>, and Cr<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> respectively, confirming their crystalline nature. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry revealed that V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> delivered the highest specific capacitance at 408.26 F g<sup>−1</sup>, compared to Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> (97.23 F g<sup>−1</sup>) and Cr<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> (72.92 F g<sup>−1</sup>) at 2 mV s<sup>−1</sup>. Similarly, galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements showed a capacitance of 625.00 F g<sup>−1</sup> for V<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub>, significantly outperforming Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> (191.44 F g<sup>−1</sup>) and Cr<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> (41.19 F g<sup>−1</sup>) at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further confirmed its higher conductivity than the other MXenes. These findings underscore the critical role of the etchant in MXene synthesis and demonstrate the superior electrochemical performance of V-MXenes for supercapacitor electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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