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Romulus’ adytum or asylum? A new exegetical proposal for de lingua latina 5, 8 罗慕路斯的疯人院还是收容所?拉丁语的一个新的训释建议5,8
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2204
Federica Lazzerini
Molto si e discusso sui quattro livelli progressivi secondo i quali Varrone struttura l'etimologia in ling . 5, 8; a ogni livello e associato un diverso tipo di analisi e si applica a una diversa categoria di parole. Una formulazione criptica ed ellittica, in un passo che nel manoscritto del testo e quasi certamente corrotto, avvolgono il quarto livello in una nube di incertezza e ambiguita. Se alcuni filologi hanno difeso il mantenimento del tradito Quartus, ubi est aditus et initia regis ("Il quarto livello e dove e l'ingresso e le origini del re"), la maggior parte delle interpretazioni moderne opta piuttosto per l'emendazione di  aditus  in  adytum  ("santuario") e legge il passo come un riferimento a vari tipi di culti misterici, collocando il quarto livello etimologico in un quadro di esoterismo. Nel presente contributo, si avanza la proposta che nel passo in questione non vi sia alcuna allusione ai misteri, ma un riferimento all'episodio storico-leggendario della fondazione, da parte di Romolo, di un "santuario" sul Campidoglio, destinato all'accoglienza di supplici provenienti da ogni popolo ed estrazione sociale. Questa istituzione porto alla formazione del primo nucleo abitativo di Roma e anche, di conseguenza, del sostrato vernacolare alle origini della lingua latina; come tale, tale episodio converge con gli interessi e le idee di Varrone. L'ipotesi che il  quartus gradus etymologiae alluda al santuario di Romolo puo essere difesa o dando una nuova interpretazione al termine adytum , o proponendo un'emendazione testuale ( aditus  >  asylum ), che produca il testo  Quartus, ubi est asylum et initia regis . A long-standing debate surrounds Varro's structure of etymology in four progressive levels in  ling .5.8, whereby each level is connected to a different kind of analysis and applies to a different class of words. A cryptic and elliptic expression, in an almost certainly corrupted passage in the manuscript of the text, covers the fourth level in uncertainty and ambiguity. While some scholars have retained the transmitted  Quartus, ubi est aditus et initia regis  ("The fourth level is where lies the entrance and the origins of the king"), the majority of modern interpretation rather advocates the emendation of aditus in  adytum  ("sanctuary") and reads the passage as a reference to diverse kinds of mysteric cults, embedding the fourth level of etymology in an esoteric frame. This paper brings forward the proposal that the passage at issue contains no allusion to the mysteries, but a reference to the partly historical, partly legendary episode of Romulus' foundation of a "sanctuary" on the Capitoline Hill, open to all beseechers coming from all peoples and social statuses. This institution led to the formation of the first core of the Roman inhabitants and, subsequently, of the vernacular substrate at the basis of the Latin language; as such, this episode agrees with Varro's interest and ideas. The hypothesis that the  quartus gradus et
关于Varrone在ling中构建词源的四个递进层次,人们已经进行了大量的讨论。5、8;在每个级别上,不同类型的分析被关联并应用于不同类别的单词。在文本手稿中几乎可以肯定是腐败的一段话中,一个神秘而椭圆的公式将第四层笼罩在一片不确定性和模糊性的阴云中。如果一些文献学家为维护被背叛的Quartus,ubi est aditus et inita regis(“第四层以及国王的入口和起源”)辩护,那么大多数现代解释都会选择修改adytum中的aditus(“避难所”),并将这段话解读为对各种神秘邪教的引用,将第四个语源层面放在一个深奥的框架中。在本稿中,我们建议,在所涉段落中,没有提及谜团,而是提到了罗穆卢斯在国会大厦建立“避难所”的历史传奇事件,旨在接受来自所有人民和社会背景的恳求。这一制度导致了罗马第一个居住核心的形成,并因此形成了拉丁语起源时的方言基础;因此,这一事件与瓦罗的兴趣和想法相一致。quartus gradus词源暗指罗慕路斯的避难所的假设可以通过对adytum一词进行新的解释来辩护,也可以通过提出文本修正案(aditus>庇护)来辩护,该修正案产生了文本quartus,ubi est庇护et inita regis。长期以来,人们一直在争论Varro在灵5.8中的四个渐进层次的词源结构,每个层次都与不同类型的分析有关,并适用于不同类别的单词。在文本手稿中的一段几乎可以肯定是被破坏的段落中,一个神秘而椭圆的表达涵盖了不确定性和歧义的第四个层次。虽然一些学者保留了流传的Quartus,ubi est aditus et inita regis(“第四层是国王的入口和起源”),但大多数现代解释都主张修改adytum中的aditus(“避难所”),并将这段文字解读为对各种神秘邪教的引用,将词源学的第四个层次嵌入到一个深奥的框架中。本文提出的建议是,有争议的段落没有提及神秘之处,而是提到了罗穆卢斯在卡皮托林山建立“避难所”的部分历史性、部分传奇性的一幕,该避难所向来自所有民族和社会地位的所有寻求者开放。这一制度导致了罗马居民的第一个核心的形成,随后,在拉丁语的基础上形成了方言基础;因此,这一集符合瓦罗的兴趣和想法。四度词源与罗慕路斯庇护有关的假设可以通过阅读具有全新含义的adytum一词来辩护,也可以通过建议修改文本(aditus>庇护)来辩护,从而获得:quartus,ubi-est庇护et inita regis。
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引用次数: 11
Rhetorical Education from Greece to Rome: the Case of Cicero’s De inventione 从希腊到罗马的修辞学教育——以西塞罗的《发明论》为例
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2205
A. Raschieri
The case of Cicero’s  de inventione  is interesting for many reasons. First, the work is an early example of the construction of cultural memory in the field of Roman rhetoric. Second, this work shows a strong connection between rhetorical theory, the Ciceronian interest in other disciplines (especially philosophy) and the oratorical formation of a young Roman in the person of its author. Third, in the  de inventione , through the organisation of rhetoric, Cicero collects a significant amount of information about history, literature and law, and, in this way, he preserves these notions for the following decades. Finally, although Cicero rejected the work later in his life, the  de inventione  was an important moment for the dissemination of rhetoric in Rome and has been remembered as a fundamental work for the study of this discipline in Latin. In order to develop these topics, the paper intends to investigate how Cicero uses the examples derived from myth, history and legal practice, and how philosophy fits for his explanation of rhetoric. Il  de inventione  ciceroniano presenta un caso interessante nell’ambito della tradizione retorica latina. In primo luogo, quest’opera e uno dei primi esempi della costruzione di una memoria romana in ambito retorico. In secondo luogo, essa mostra uno stretto legame fra la teoria retorica, l’interesse per altre discipline (in particolare per la filosofia) e la formazione oratoria di un giovane romano nella persona stessa del suo autore. In terzo luogo, Cicerone, attraverso la struttura dell’insegnamento retorico, raccoglie nel  de inventione  una grande quantita di informazioni che riguardano la storia, la letteratura, il diritto, e, in questo modo, tramanda tali nozioni nei tempi seguenti. Infine, anche se l’autore stesso disconoscera questo scritto, il  de inventione  costituisce un momento importante per la diffusione della retorica a Roma e sara ricordato come un’opera fondamentale per lo studio della disciplina in ambito latino. All’interno di questo quadro contenutistico e metodologico, nel presente contributo si approfondisce, in particolare, come Cicerone utilizzi gli esempi che deriva dal mito, dalla storia, dalla pratica giuridica, e come inserisca la filosofia nella sua spiegazione retorica.
西塞罗的发明论有趣的原因有很多。首先,这部作品是罗马修辞学领域文化记忆建构的早期范例。其次,这部作品显示了修辞学理论、西塞罗对其他学科(尤其是哲学)的兴趣和作者本人年轻罗马人的演讲形成之间的紧密联系。第三,在《论发明》中,通过修辞学的组织,西塞罗收集了大量关于历史、文学和法律的信息,通过这种方式,他在接下来的几十年里保留了这些概念。最后,尽管西塞罗后来拒绝了这部作品,但《论发明》是罗马修辞学传播的重要时刻,被认为是拉丁文修辞学研究的基础著作。为了展开这些主题,本文打算探讨西塞罗如何使用来自神话、历史和法律实践的例子,以及哲学如何适用于他对修辞学的解释。我发明了一种新方法,它是一种新发明,一种新发明,一种新发明。在最初的罗马,在雄心勃勃的罗马复兴中,探索“歌剧”是一种“歌剧”,是一种“歌剧”,是一种“歌剧”。在第二阶段,我们将学习如何学习法律,学习如何学习其他学科(特别是数学),学习如何学习歌剧,学习如何学习罗马文学,学习如何学习文学。在terzo luogo, Cicerone,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,从结构上看,无限的,正如我所说的,作者强调的是对剧本的误解,我将创造一个重要的时刻,在罗马的传播中,在罗马的传播中,我将创造一个重要的时刻,我将创造一个重要的时刻,我将创造一个重要的时刻,我将创造一个重要的时刻。所有关于四种方法的问题之间的问题,都对这一方法有贡献,特别是,关于四种方法的问题之间的关系,例如,关于四种方法之间的关系,关于三种方法之间的关系,关于三种方法之间的关系,关于四种方法之间的关系,关于三种方法之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Fanum and philosophy: Cicero and the death of Tullia 法农与哲学:西塞罗与图利亚之死
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2202
Walter G. Englert
After the death of Tullia, Cicero wrote repeatedly in his letters to Atticus that he intended to build a shrine ( fanum ) to divinize his daughter, but he never carried out his plans. I argue that by comparing Cicero’s comments in the  Letters to Atticus  to passages in the  Consolatio  and  Tusculan Disputations  we learn why Cicero did not build the  fanum .  After announcing a monument for Tullia in the  Consolatio  and discussing it in his letters, in the  Tusculan Disputations  Cicero shows that he changed his mind about the  fanum . Endorsing Stoic arguments about the nature of grief, he argued that building a monument to the dead, as Artemisia had done with the famous Mausoleum, would be counterproductive and prolong grief needlessly. The article ends by showing how passages about losing a loved one in the  De Senectute  and  De Amicitia  are consistent with Cicero’s view in the  Tusculan Disputations . Dopo la morte di Tullia, Cicerone, nelle lettere ad Attico, mostra ripetutamente l’intenzione di far costruire un tempio ( fanum ) per divinizzare sua figlia; tuttavia, non riesce a portare a compimento il suo proposito. Grazie al raffronto tra i commenti, desumibili dalle Lettere , e alcuni passi tratti dalla Consolatio e dalle Tusculanae Disputationes , e possibile comprendere perche il fanum non sia stato costruito. Dopo aver dichiarato, nella Consolatio , di dedicare un monumento a Tullia e dopo averne discusso, nelle Lettere , Cicerone cambia la sua opinione nelle Tusculanae Disputationes . Conformandosi alle tesi di matrice stoica, relative alla natura del dolore, egli ritiene che costruire un monumento in onore di un morto – come fece Artemisia con il famoso Mausoleo – sarebbe stato non solo controproducente, ma avrebbe anche prolungato inutilmente il dolore. In conclusione, l’articolo mostra come i passi relativi alla perdita di una persona amata nel De Senectute e nel De Amicitia siano coerenti con la tesi espressa nelle Tusculanae Disputationes .
图利亚死后,西塞罗在给阿提克斯的信中反复写道,他打算建造一座神龛(fanum)来神化他的女儿,但他从未执行他的计划。我认为,通过将西塞罗在《致阿提克斯的信》中的评论与《安慰》和《图斯库兰争论》中的段落进行比较,我们可以了解西塞罗为什么没有建立粉丝群。西塞罗在《康纳蒂奥报》上宣布了一座图利亚纪念碑,并在信中对此进行了讨论,在《图斯库兰争议》中,西塞罗表明他改变了对法努姆的看法。他支持斯多葛学派关于悲伤本质的论点,认为像阿特米西亚对著名的陵墓所做的那样,为死者建造纪念碑会适得其反,不必要地延长悲伤。文章最后展示了《衰老》和《Amicitia》中关于失去亲人的段落如何与西塞罗在《Tuscular Disputations》中的观点一致。图利亚死后,西塞罗在给阿提克斯的信中一再表示有意建造一座神庙(fanum)来神化他的女儿;然而,它未能实现其目的。由于可以从信件中推断出的评论与从Consolatio和Tusculanae Disputations中提取的一些段落之间的比较,我们可以理解为什么没有建造fanum。西塞罗在《劝诫书》中宣布为图利亚奉献一座纪念碑,并在《书信》中对此进行了讨论后,改变了他对图库拉纳争议的看法。根据斯多葛学派关于痛苦本质的论点,他认为建造一座纪念死者的纪念碑——就像阿特米西亚对著名的陵墓所做的那样——不仅会适得其反,而且会不必要地延长痛苦。最后,文章展示了《De Senectute》和《De Amicitia》中与失去亲人有关的步骤如何与《Tusculanae Disputations》中表达的论点一致。
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引用次数: 1
Cicéron était-il un « Roman sceptic ? » 西塞罗是一部“怀疑小说”吗?»
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2201
C. Lévy
La definition de Ciceron comme « sceptique romain » constitue une projection contestable d’un concept contemporain, faussement simple, sur la personnalite philosophique de Ciceron. Le scepticisme ne se constitue en systeme de pensee autonome qu’avec Enesideme, que Ciceron ne semble pas connaitre, tout comme il fait de Pyrrhon un moraliste dogmatique. La pensee du doute est chez Ciceron un aspect important mais non exclusif de son attachement a la tradition platonicienne. Les Academica constituent certes une avancee theorique majeure dans la pensee de la suspension du jugement, mais ces dialogues ne peuvent etre isoles de l’ensemble du parcours philosophique de Ciceron, qui aboutit toujours, d’une maniere ou d’une autre a Platon.
西塞罗将自己定义为“罗马怀疑论者”,这是对西塞罗哲学个性的一个错误的、简单的当代概念的可疑投射。怀疑论只有在《埃涅西德》中才构成一种独立的思想体系,西塞罗似乎并不知道这一点,就像他把皮隆塑造成一个教条的道德家一样。对西塞罗来说,怀疑的思想是他依附于柏拉图传统的一个重要但并非唯一的方面。《学术》无疑代表了暂停判断思想的主要理论进步,但这些对话不能脱离西塞罗的整个哲学旅程,而西塞罗的整个哲学旅程总是以这样或那样的方式通向柏拉图。
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引用次数: 2
The Dregs of Romulus. Stoic Philosophy in Cicero’s Pro Murena and De Oratore 罗慕路斯的幻影。西塞罗《穆雷纳与德》中的斯多葛哲学
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2203
Margaret R. Graver
The dregs of Romulus reviews the evidence for Cicero’s attitude toward Stoic philosophy in the speech pro Murena, in letters of 61-60 referring to Cato, and in de oratore. None of these texts expresses any direct opposition to the core postulate of Stoic ethics, viz., that only what is honorable is good for a human being. What we do find in this group of works is a concern that adherence to a dogmatic system of ethics (1) impedes political communication, and (2) strips away the flexibility of application that is required for moral decision-making in complex situations. Cicero’s own stance as a philosophically trained politician is defined accordingly. The dregs of Romulus reviews the evidence for Cicero’s attitude toward Stoic philosophy in the speech pro Murena, in letters of 61-60 referring to Cato, and in de oratore. None of these texts expresses any direct opposition to the core postulate of Stoic ethics, viz., that only what is honorable is good for a human being. What we do find in this group of works is a concern that adherence to a dogmatic system of ethics (1) impedes political communication, and (2) strips away the flexibility of application that is required for moral decision-making in complex situations. Cicero’s own stance as a philosophically trained politician is defined accordingly.
《罗穆卢斯的渣滓》回顾了西塞罗对斯多葛派哲学的态度,在61-60年的演讲中,在写给卡托的信中,在de oratore中。这些文本都没有表达任何直接反对斯多葛派伦理的核心假设,即只有可敬的才是对人类有益的。我们在这组作品中确实发现了一种担忧,即坚持教条主义的道德体系(1)阻碍了政治沟通,(2)剥夺了在复杂情况下进行道德决策所需的应用灵活性。西塞罗自己作为一个受过哲学训练的政治家的立场也因此被定义。《罗穆卢斯的渣滓》回顾了西塞罗对斯多葛派哲学的态度,在61-60年的演讲中,在写给卡托的信中,在de oratore中。这些文本都没有表达任何直接反对斯多葛派伦理的核心假设,即只有可敬的才是对人类有益的。我们在这组作品中确实发现了一种担忧,即坚持教条主义的道德体系(1)阻碍了政治沟通,(2)剥夺了在复杂情况下进行道德决策所需的应用灵活性。西塞罗自己作为一个受过哲学训练的政治家的立场也因此被定义。
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引用次数: 0
Recensione di G. Pezzini, Terence and the Verb “To Be” in Latin, Oxford 2015 《Terence和拉丁语动词“To Be”》,牛津,2015
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/2196
E. Malaspina
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引用次数: 0
Der tröstende Freund. Epistolare Praxis und kommunikative Verhaltensweise in Cicero’s Epistulae ad familiares 安慰的朋友Cicero的顶嘴行为和沟通手法
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5167/UZH-184424
R. Schwitter
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引用次数: 0
Intervento introduttivo del Prof. Italo Lana, Presidente della seduta antimeridiana del 25 aprile 1995 1995年4月25日上午会议主席伊塔洛·拉娜教授的介绍性发言
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-05-12 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/1658
I. Lana
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引用次数: 0
Cicerone nel trattato Del Sublime 西塞罗在崇高的条约中
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-02-24 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/1552
H. Zabulis
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引用次数: 0
Caesar' s men in Cicero's Correspondence 西塞罗书信中恺撒的手下
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-02-24 DOI: 10.13135/2532-5353/1550
D. R. S. Bailey
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Ciceroniana On Line
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