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VTC2000-Spring. 2000 IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37026)最新文献

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Natural wave propagation in subway tunnels at mobile communications frequencies 移动通信频率下地铁隧道内的自然波传播
D. Didascalou, J. Maurer, W. Wiesbeck
A measurement campaign has been carried out in the Berlin subway to characterize EM-wave propagation in underground railroad tunnels. The received power levels at 945 MHz, and 1853.4 MHz are used to evaluate the attenuation and the fading characteristics in a curved, arched-shaped tunnel. The measurements are compared to ray-optical modelling results. It is shown that the geometry of a tunnel, especially the cross-sectional shape and the course, is of major impact on the propagation behaviour and thus on the accuracy of the modelling.
在柏林地铁中进行了一项测量活动,以表征地下铁路隧道中的电磁波传播特性。采用945 MHz和1853.4 MHz的接收功率电平来评估弯曲拱形隧道中的衰减和衰落特性。测量结果与射线光学模拟结果进行了比较。结果表明,隧道的几何形状,特别是断面形状和路线,对隧道的传播特性有重要影响,从而影响模型的准确性。
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引用次数: 6
Multi-user decision-feedback space-time processing with partial cross-feedback connectivity 具有部分交叉反馈连通性的多用户决策反馈时空处理
S. Roy, D. Falconer
This paper investigates space-time receiver architectures in multi-user wireless systems where optimal idealized (infinite-length) space-time filtering is applied to minimize the mean-square error. Both feedforward, decision-feedback and cross-decision feedback filters are employed; it follows that not only does the system eliminate the post-cursor ISI (intersymbol interference) but also some portion of the post-cursor CCI (co-channel interference). Such a receiver is most useful in the context of an SDMA (space division multiple access) system since the base station then has readily available knowledge on the decisions of the in-cell co-channel interfering signals. However, significant CCI is also received from outside the cell for which there is normally no decision information available. Therefore, in-cell and out-of-cell co-channel interferers will be treated differently by the receiver since no cross-feedback filter can be implemented for the out-of-cell signals. Our analysis leads to a closed-form expression for the minimum achievable MSE (mean-square error) for both fully- and partially-connected cross-decision feedback systems (XDF). Numerical results compare the performance of XDF systems with standard space-time DF and linear processing as well as the matched-filter bound.
本文研究了多用户无线系统中采用最优理想化(无限长)空时滤波最小化均方误差的空时接收机结构。采用前馈滤波器、决策反馈滤波器和交叉决策反馈滤波器;由此可见,该系统不仅消除了光标后的ISI(码间干扰),而且还消除了光标后的部分CCI(同信道干扰)。这样的接收器在SDMA(空分多址)系统的环境中是最有用的,因为基站有现成的关于小区内同信道干扰信号决定的知识。然而,重要的CCI也从单元外部接收,通常没有可用的决策信息。因此,小区内和小区外的同信道干扰将被接收器区别对待,因为不能对小区外信号实施交叉反馈滤波器。我们的分析得出了全连接和部分连接交叉决策反馈系统(XDF)的最小可实现MSE(均方误差)的封闭表达式。数值结果比较了XDF系统与标准空时DF、线性处理以及匹配滤波界的性能。
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引用次数: 9
TCP performance over cdma2000 RLP TCP性能优于cdma2000 RLP
F. Khan, S. Kumar, K. Medepalli, S. Nanda
This paper provides performance results for TCP over cdma2000 radio link protocol (RLP). The simulations are performed for a single user running a long FTP application with "infinite" data backlog. With the assumption of a long FTP application, maximum TCP throughput is the relevant optimization metric. The goal is to analyze the impact of TCP window size, RTT, wireless channel bandwidth, FER model and RLP transmission delays on end-to-end transport. The IS-95 and its evolutions (i.e. IS-95B and cdma2000) use a NAK-based RLP. The number of rounds of NAKs and the number of retransmissions in each round is varied. We analyze the impact of varying different RLP parameters and retransmission schemes on TCP throughput. Our findings demonstrate that the (1,1,1,1,1) NAK scheme outperforms the (2,3) NAK scheme when the errors are correlated. This is also true for non-correlated error case and larger TCP window size. However, with non-correlated errors and comparatively smaller TCP window size, the (2,3) NAK scheme performs better. It was also observed that the TCP throughput is not severely penalized up to link error rates of 10% (approximately 15% loss in TCP throughput at 10% FER).
本文给出了TCP基于cdma2000无线电链路协议(RLP)的性能结果。模拟是针对运行具有“无限”数据积压的长FTP应用程序的单个用户执行的。对于一个长FTP应用程序的假设,最大TCP吞吐量是相关的优化指标。目标是分析TCP窗口大小、RTT、无线信道带宽、FER模型和RLP传输延迟对端到端传输的影响。IS-95及其改进型(即IS-95B和cdma2000)使用基于nak的RLP。nak的发数和每轮重发的次数是不同的。我们分析了不同RLP参数和重传方案对TCP吞吐量的影响。研究结果表明,当误差相关时,(1,1,1,1,1)NAK方案优于(2,3)NAK方案。对于非相关错误情况和较大的TCP窗口大小也是如此。然而,对于非相关错误和相对较小的TCP窗口大小,(2,3)NAK方案性能更好。还观察到,TCP吞吐量并没有受到严重的惩罚,直到链路错误率达到10%(在10%的传输速率下,TCP吞吐量损失约为15%)。
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引用次数: 53
Vehicular pulse-radar with very low false alarm rate by on-off pulse control and adaptive threshold 通过脉冲开关控制和自适应阈值,实现了低虚警率的车载脉冲雷达
Y. C. Kim, B. Choi
We present a method of suppressing mutual interference among pulse-type radars of an identical type. We separate the true self-reflection from the synchronous false reflection by controlling the pulse emission of a radar in an orthogonal on-off pattern. The interference signal is identified by observing the received signal in off-intervals. The identified interference signal can be easily removed from the received signal in the on-intervals. P/sub PA/ and P/sub M/ are derived with the I-Q demodulation scheme, where Gaussian noise alone is Rayleigh-distributed and reflected radar pulses with Gaussian noise are Rician-distributed. The threshold of detection is adaptively adjusted to prevent the increase of P/sub M/. We also present an algorithm for tracking the good region. In the experimental result, P/sub FA/ decreases by an order of 10/sup 4/ within the good region of threshold values, when compared with the conventional M of N method.
提出了一种抑制同类型脉冲型雷达相互干扰的方法。通过控制雷达脉冲发射的正交开关模式,分离了雷达的真自反射和同步假反射。干扰信号是通过观察非间隔接收信号来识别的。识别出的干扰信号可以很容易地在导通间隔内从接收信号中去除。P/sub PA/和P/sub M/采用I-Q解调方案推导,其中高斯噪声单独为瑞利分布,高斯噪声反射雷达脉冲为瑞利分布。自适应调整检测阈值,防止P/sub M/的增加。我们还提出了一种跟踪良好区域的算法。实验结果表明,与传统的M of N方法相比,P/sub FA/在良好的阈值区域内降低了10/sup 4/个数量级。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of the radio network planning and site configuration on the WCDMA network capacity and quality of service 无线网络规划和站点配置对WCDMA网络容量和服务质量的影响
J. Laiho-Steffens, A. Wacker, P. Aikio
The 3/sup rd/ generation cellular systems will offer services with higher bit rates compared to today's networks and therefore for an operator it is of utmost importance to exploit all possible resources to improve the capacity and quality of service of the radio network. The scope of this paper is to demonstrate with simulations how careful radio network planning can improve the network capacity and quality of service (QoS). Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the site configuration expansions can support the network capacity growth. Example results of omni-, three-, four- and six sectored site configuration simulations are presented including four different antennas and various different tilts. Furthermore a test case is shown to demonstrate the effect of a mast head amplifier (MHA) in the WCDMA uplink.
与今天的网络相比,3/sup / generation蜂窝系统将提供更高比特率的服务,因此对于运营商来说,利用一切可能的资源来提高无线网络的容量和服务质量至关重要。本文的范围是通过模拟来证明仔细的无线网络规划如何能够提高网络容量和服务质量(QoS)。此外,还演示了站点配置扩展如何支持网络容量增长。给出了全扇区、三扇区、四扇区和六扇区站点配置仿真的示例结果,包括四种不同的天线和各种不同的倾斜。此外,还给出了一个测试用例来演示桅杆头放大器(MHA)在WCDMA上行链路中的作用。
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引用次数: 37
Microcell prediction by street and terrain data 通过街道和地形数据进行微单元预测
W.C.-Y. Lee, D.J.Y. Lee
An accurate microcell prediction model needs to consider the effects of terrain contour and building factors on urban microcell radio propagation. An inexpensive and accurate way of executing this prediction is to utilize readily accessible street and terrain data as proposed in this paper. Various comparisons were done within the San Francisco Bay Area proving that the model calculations for the combination of attenuation from building and gain or loss from terrain (diffraction loss and effective antenna gains) encountered in the path of the mobile are fairly accurate. The street data utilized can be employed as either the base for creating the building database, or as a method of fine-tuning to improve the accuracy of the microcell model.
一个准确的微蜂窝预测模型需要考虑地形轮廓和建筑因素对城市微蜂窝无线电传播的影响。执行这种预测的一种廉价而准确的方法是利用本文提出的易于获取的街道和地形数据。在旧金山湾区内进行了各种比较,证明了在移动路径中遇到的建筑物衰减和地形增益或损失(衍射损耗和有效天线增益)组合的模型计算相当准确。所使用的街道数据既可以作为创建建筑数据库的基础,也可以作为微调方法来提高微单元模型的准确性。
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引用次数: 2
Analytical model for radio link protocol for IS-95 CDMA systems IS-95 CDMA系统无线链路协议分析模型
John M. Harris, Manish Airy
The primary function of the RLP is to reduce over the air frame error rate to a level tolerable by data services built over the CDMA air interface. When transmitting data, RLP is a pure NAK-based best effort selective repeat protocol. The main objective of this paper is to study the performance of the radio link protocol (RLP) as in IS 707 to support data services over the IS 95 CDMA physical layer. Since the RLP provides a stream-based in-sequence delivery of data to the upper layers, retransmissions of frames received in error cause delayed delivery of correctly received frames. This delay distribution is analytically characterized for the ARQ strategy used by the different versions of RLP (types 1, 2 and 3). Simulation results to verify the analytical model are also presented.
RLP的主要功能是将空中帧错误率降低到通过CDMA空中接口建立的数据业务可以容忍的水平。在传输数据时,RLP是一种纯基于nak的最佳努力选择性重复协议。本文的主要目的是研究is 707中的无线电链路协议(RLP)的性能,以支持is 95 CDMA物理层上的数据业务。由于RLP向上层提供基于流的按顺序传输数据,因此接收到错误帧的重传会导致正确接收帧的延迟传递。对不同版本的RLP(类型1、2和3)所使用的ARQ策略的延迟分布进行了分析表征,并给出了验证分析模型的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 23
Performance analysis of DS-CDMA reverse link with fiber-optic repeaters 带光纤中继器的DS-CDMA反向链路性能分析
K. Jeong, J. Cheong, T. Park, T.G. Kim, S. Park
In this paper, we propose a formula to analyze the performance of the DS-CDMA reverse link according to the number, gain, and noise figure of the fiber-optic repeaters. The analytical approach is presented with the effects of other cells' interference. The capacity is not reduced even if adding the fiber-optic repeaters degrades the sensitivity of the base-station. Field test results are also presented to show that the fiber-optic repeaters improve coverage and quality in the weak CDMA coverage area.
在本文中,我们提出了一个根据光纤中继器的数目、增益和噪声系数来分析DS-CDMA反向链路性能的公式。该分析方法考虑了其他细胞干扰的影响。即使增加光纤中继器降低了基站的灵敏度,容量也不会减少。现场测试结果表明,光纤中继器提高了CDMA弱覆盖区域的覆盖率和质量。
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引用次数: 5
Iterative decoding of redundant residue number system codes 冗余剩余数系统码的迭代译码
T. Liew, L. Yang, L. Hanzo
Turbo decoded redundant residue number system (RRNS) codes are proposed and their performance is evaluated. An RRNS (n,k) code is a maximum-minimum distance block code, exhibiting identical distance properties to Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. Hence their error correction capability is given by t=(n-k)/2. We adapt the classic Chase algorithm in order to accept soft inputs and to provide soft outputs. Using the proposed soft input soft output (SISO) Chase algorithm, the turbo decoding of RRNS codes is contrived.
提出了Turbo解码冗余数系统(RRNS)码,并对其性能进行了评价。RRNS (n,k)码是一种最大最小距离分组码,具有与RS (Reed-Solomon)码相同的距离属性。因此它们的纠错能力由t=(n-k)/2给出。为了接受软输入和提供软输出,我们对经典的Chase算法进行了改进。利用提出的软输入软输出(SISO)追逐算法,实现了RRNS码的turbo译码。
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引用次数: 6
Turbo coding performance in OFDM packet transmission OFDM包传输中的Turbo编码性能
R. Hoshyar, S. H. Jamali, A. Bahai
In transmission of the packets using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system recommended by IEEE.802.11 there is a constraint on the interleaving depth due to the maximum allowable packet size and processing delay requirement. This results in a non-ideal interleaving which effectively limits the maximum achievable diversity from the channel. In such a channel, fading occurs in block wise manner, i.e., all transmitted symbols of the same block sense the same fade. Also, there is considerable correlation among the fade blocks. We call such a channel as correlated block fading (CBF) channel. With the excellent performance of turbo codes over AWGN, and ideally interleaved fading channels in mind, we tried to get similarly good performance by using turbo codes in OFDM packet transmission. We observed that the system severely suffers from the block fading behavior of the channel. A performance analysis is presented for CBF systems, and simulations for the OFDM system using rate 1/2 convolutional codes and turbo codes are performed. While the turbo code has no gain over the convolutional code with K=7 in BER (bit error rate) performance, it brings about 1.3 dB gain in PER (packet error rate) performance which is more important in packet transmission.
在使用IEEE.802.11推荐的OFDM(正交频分复用)系统传输数据包时,由于允许的最大数据包大小和处理延迟要求,对交织深度有一定的限制。这导致非理想交错,有效地限制了信道的最大可实现分集。在这样的信道中,衰落以分块方式发生,即,同一分块的所有传输符号都感知相同的衰落。此外,在褪色块之间存在相当大的相关性。我们称这种信道为相关块衰落信道。考虑到turbo码在AWGN上的优异性能,以及理想的交错衰落信道,我们尝试在OFDM分组传输中使用turbo码来获得类似的良好性能。我们观察到系统严重地受到信道的块衰落行为的影响。对CBF系统进行了性能分析,并对使用速率1/2卷积码和turbo码的OFDM系统进行了仿真。与K=7的卷积码相比,turbo码在BER(误码率)性能上没有增益,但在包传输中更为重要的PER(包错误率)性能上有1.3 dB的增益。
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引用次数: 18
期刊
VTC2000-Spring. 2000 IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37026)
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