We introduce a new method for estimating the position and direction of receiving elements of a Real-Time Location System (RTLS). We deployed an autonomous robot and an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) for this problem. The adopted operations and fitness calculation of the EA are presented for an Angle of Arrival (AoA) system and the results of simulation and real experiment setup were shown. Further problems of implementing in a real scenario were discussed.
{"title":"Autonomous Configuration Method for Real-Time Location Systems","authors":"Thorsten Edelhäußer, G. Kókai","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.10","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a new method for estimating the position and direction of receiving elements of a Real-Time Location System (RTLS). We deployed an autonomous robot and an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) for this problem. The adopted operations and fitness calculation of the EA are presented for an Angle of Arrival (AoA) system and the results of simulation and real experiment setup were shown. Further problems of implementing in a real scenario were discussed.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116631943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptation to a changing environment presents a challenging task for today's electronic systems when operating in dynamic, fluctuating environments. This applies in particular to the systems which are to operate in harsh environments with no possibility for human intervention when the change occurs. As a rule, environmental changes are stochastic and so is the effect they may exhibit on a man-made system. On the other hand, evolution has provided living organisms with in-built mechanisms for adapting to environmental changes. In particular, homeostatic processes are example of such inherent adaptive mechanisms found within human body. Out of many complex and interweaved systems involved in homeostatic processes, hormones and endocrine system are prominent for certain properties they exhibit. In the first place, this refers to communication within the system and control of the regulatory processes, both of which are challenging issues within man-made systems. This paper investigates endocrine system principles applied within adaptive processes in a man-made system when adaptation is of stochastic nature. Presented results refer to applications in systems of modular architecture.
{"title":"Stochastic Adaptation to Environmental Changes Supported by Endocrine System Principles","authors":"Dragana Laketic, G. Tufte, P. Haddow","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.23","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation to a changing environment presents a challenging task for today's electronic systems when operating in dynamic, fluctuating environments. This applies in particular to the systems which are to operate in harsh environments with no possibility for human intervention when the change occurs. As a rule, environmental changes are stochastic and so is the effect they may exhibit on a man-made system. On the other hand, evolution has provided living organisms with in-built mechanisms for adapting to environmental changes. In particular, homeostatic processes are example of such inherent adaptive mechanisms found within human body. Out of many complex and interweaved systems involved in homeostatic processes, hormones and endocrine system are prominent for certain properties they exhibit. In the first place, this refers to communication within the system and control of the regulatory processes, both of which are challenging issues within man-made systems. This paper investigates endocrine system principles applied within adaptive processes in a man-made system when adaptation is of stochastic nature. Presented results refer to applications in systems of modular architecture.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124803052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) potentially offer enhanced reliability, recovery from failures through partial and dynamic reconfigurations, and eliminate the need for redundant hardware typically used in fault-tolerant systems. Our earlier work on scalable self-configurable architectures for reusable space systems (SCARS) describes a partial reconfiguration based self-healing architecture. The implementation of this architecture with the currently available industry tools has taught us a few valuable lessons. Generating the partially reconfigurable cores has acute restrictions that limit our ability to relocate the cores to other regions of the FPGA leading to poor area utilization. State of the art relocation approaches in the academia employ complex relocation management mechanisms which prohibit these solutions to operate at run time. In this paper, we propose a methodology for run-time 2-D core relocation to overcome the above issues. We show that our approach increases reconfiguration area utilization by 36% and reduces partial bitstream storage memory usage by 91% when compared to our base implementation. Conventional solutions restrict a given functionality to be partially reconfigured in a predetermined area. This technology enables the designer to move any core to anywhere on the FPGA fabric providing more resource availability when recovering from failure.
{"title":"Partial Bitstream 2-D Core Relocation for Reconfigurable Architectures","authors":"Chad Rossmeissl, Adarsha Sreeramareddy, A. Akoglu","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.41","url":null,"abstract":"Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) potentially offer enhanced reliability, recovery from failures through partial and dynamic reconfigurations, and eliminate the need for redundant hardware typically used in fault-tolerant systems. Our earlier work on scalable self-configurable architectures for reusable space systems (SCARS) describes a partial reconfiguration based self-healing architecture. The implementation of this architecture with the currently available industry tools has taught us a few valuable lessons. Generating the partially reconfigurable cores has acute restrictions that limit our ability to relocate the cores to other regions of the FPGA leading to poor area utilization. State of the art relocation approaches in the academia employ complex relocation management mechanisms which prohibit these solutions to operate at run time. In this paper, we propose a methodology for run-time 2-D core relocation to overcome the above issues. We show that our approach increases reconfiguration area utilization by 36% and reduces partial bitstream storage memory usage by 91% when compared to our base implementation. Conventional solutions restrict a given functionality to be partially reconfigured in a predetermined area. This technology enables the designer to move any core to anywhere on the FPGA fabric providing more resource availability when recovering from failure.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114509078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A polymorphic FIR filter is proposed which can operate in two modes. The first mode is considered as a standard mode in which the filter performs a normal operation. In the second mode, the filter operates with reduced power supply voltage (Vdd), some filter coefficients are reconfigured (as response to the change of the polymorphic gates function which is controlled by Vdd) and some parts of the filter are disconnected. Experimental results indicate that while power consumption can significantly be reduced when half of the taps is suspended the filter is still able to achieve a reasonable quality of filtering.
{"title":"Polymorphic FIR Filters with Backup Mode Enabling Power Savings","authors":"L. Sekanina, R. Ruzicka, Z. Gajda","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.27","url":null,"abstract":"A polymorphic FIR filter is proposed which can operate in two modes. The first mode is considered as a standard mode in which the filter performs a normal operation. In the second mode, the filter operates with reduced power supply voltage (Vdd), some filter coefficients are reconfigured (as response to the change of the polymorphic gates function which is controlled by Vdd) and some parts of the filter are disconnected. Experimental results indicate that while power consumption can significantly be reduced when half of the taps is suspended the filter is still able to achieve a reasonable quality of filtering.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128700827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-hop communication protocol based on transmission power control and error correction coding to achieve energy efficiency in wireless ad-hoc network. This study is important in extending battery lifetime and consequently the lifetime of nodes and the network. We consider multi-hop communication between pair of nodes where packet needs to be re-transmitted when transmission error or packet loss occurs. Based on the quality of the communication channel (bit error rate and bandwidth) and characteristics of the packet to be transmitted, we adaptively choose the most energy efficient transmission power level and error correction coding. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can save significant amount of energy, reduce packet loss rate and potentially the end-to-end packet delay.
{"title":"An Adaptive Energy Efficient Transmission Protocol in Wireless Ad-hoc Network","authors":"J. Gu, G. Qu, Tianzhou Chen, A. Bouridane","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.48","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-hop communication protocol based on transmission power control and error correction coding to achieve energy efficiency in wireless ad-hoc network. This study is important in extending battery lifetime and consequently the lifetime of nodes and the network. We consider multi-hop communication between pair of nodes where packet needs to be re-transmitted when transmission error or packet loss occurs. Based on the quality of the communication channel (bit error rate and bandwidth) and characteristics of the packet to be transmitted, we adaptively choose the most energy efficient transmission power level and error correction coding. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can save significant amount of energy, reduce packet loss rate and potentially the end-to-end packet delay.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131271832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scalable architecture of a multiprocessor intended to efficiently accelerate the emulation of large-scale complex systems, in particular massively-parallel bioinspired neural networks, is introduced in this paper. In order to cope with the required processing complexity of a target network size of large number of neurons and synapses, the SIMD configuration is adopted. Special flow-control instructions are proposed to support conditional execution. Also, a modified digital AER scheme allows for the compact emulation of interconnects. Due to its programmable characteristics, the architecture is flexible enough to support the emulation of different neural models and other homogeneous parallel applications.
{"title":"Strategies in SIMD Computing for Complex Neural Bioinspired Applications","authors":"J. Madrenas, J. Moreno","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.31","url":null,"abstract":"The scalable architecture of a multiprocessor intended to efficiently accelerate the emulation of large-scale complex systems, in particular massively-parallel bioinspired neural networks, is introduced in this paper. In order to cope with the required processing complexity of a target network size of large number of neurons and synapses, the SIMD configuration is adopted. Special flow-control instructions are proposed to support conditional execution. Also, a modified digital AER scheme allows for the compact emulation of interconnects. Due to its programmable characteristics, the architecture is flexible enough to support the emulation of different neural models and other homogeneous parallel applications.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133758532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, non deterministic Direct Reinforcement Learning (RL) for controlling the transmission times and power of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node is presented. RL allows for truly autonomous optimal behaviour of agents by requiring no models or supervision to learn. Optimal actions are learnt by repeated interactions with the environment. Performance results are presented for Monte Carlo, TD0 and TDλ. The resultant optimal learned policies are shown to out perform static power control in a stochastic environment.
{"title":"Direct Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Power Configuration and Control in Wireless Networks","authors":"A. Udenze, K. Mcdonald-Maier","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.50","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, non deterministic Direct Reinforcement Learning (RL) for controlling the transmission times and power of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node is presented. RL allows for truly autonomous optimal behaviour of agents by requiring no models or supervision to learn. Optimal actions are learnt by repeated interactions with the environment. Performance results are presented for Monte Carlo, TD0 and TDλ. The resultant optimal learned policies are shown to out perform static power control in a stochastic environment.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122241296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has gradually become the most promising technique for next generation wireless telecommunication systems. MMSE-VBLAST is a MIMO detection algorithm which has a performance close to the Maximum Likelihood with considerably low complexity. The improvements in the algorithm presented in this paper result in substantial computation savings which in turn leads to substantial hardware savings, as it avoids the expensive hardware cost of square root and division operations. This improvement decreases the computational complexity of MMSE-VBLAST with no performance penalty compared to previous MMSE-VBLAST algorithms. This has been validated for 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO systems using a rapid prototyping methodology that starts with pure software formulation in MATLAB and ends with an optimized equivalent FPGA hardware implementation.
{"title":"Rapid Prototyping of an Improved Cholesky Decomposition Based MIMO Detector on FPGAs","authors":"X. Chu, K. Benkrid, J. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.40","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has gradually become the most promising technique for next generation wireless telecommunication systems. MMSE-VBLAST is a MIMO detection algorithm which has a performance close to the Maximum Likelihood with considerably low complexity. The improvements in the algorithm presented in this paper result in substantial computation savings which in turn leads to substantial hardware savings, as it avoids the expensive hardware cost of square root and division operations. This improvement decreases the computational complexity of MMSE-VBLAST with no performance penalty compared to previous MMSE-VBLAST algorithms. This has been validated for 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO systems using a rapid prototyping methodology that starts with pure software formulation in MATLAB and ends with an optimized equivalent FPGA hardware implementation.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"47 48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133992922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as a breakthrough concept in technology. A main challenge related to UAV control is devising flexible strategies with predictable performance in hard-to-predict conditions. This paper proposes an approach to performance predictive collaborative control of UAVs operating in environments with fixed targets. The paper offers detailed experimental insight on the quality, scalability and computational complexity of the proposed method.
{"title":"Location-Aware, Flexible Task Management for Collaborating Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"M. Wang, Yang Zhao, A. Doboli","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.67","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as a breakthrough concept in technology. A main challenge related to UAV control is devising flexible strategies with predictable performance in hard-to-predict conditions. This paper proposes an approach to performance predictive collaborative control of UAVs operating in environments with fixed targets. The paper offers detailed experimental insight on the quality, scalability and computational complexity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133996811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guaranteeing the underlying reliability of computer memory is becoming more difficult as chip dimensions scale down, and as power limitations make lower voltages desirable. To date, the reliability of memory has been seen as the responsibility of the computer engineer, any underlying unreliability being hidden from programmers. However it may make sense, in future, to shift this balance, optionally exposing the unreliability to programmers, permitting them to choose between higher and lower reliabilities. This is particularly relevant to the data-intensive applications which might potentially provide the "killer apps" for anticipated future many-core architectures. We simulated the effect of unreliable memory on the behaviour of a slightly re-programmed variant of a typical Genetic Algorithm (GA) on a range of optimisation problems. With only minor change to the code, most variables held in unreliable memory, and error rates up to 10^-3, the memory unreliability had no real effect on the GA behaviour. For higher error rates, the effects became noticeable, and the behaviour of the GA was unacceptable once the error rate reached 10^-2.
{"title":"Evolutionary Algorithms in Unreliable Memory","authors":"Haisoo Shin, Yun-Geun Lee, R. McKay, N. X. Hoai","doi":"10.1109/AHS.2009.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AHS.2009.24","url":null,"abstract":"Guaranteeing the underlying reliability of computer memory is becoming more difficult as chip dimensions scale down, and as power limitations make lower voltages desirable. To date, the reliability of memory has been seen as the responsibility of the computer engineer, any underlying unreliability being hidden from programmers. However it may make sense, in future, to shift this balance, optionally exposing the unreliability to programmers, permitting them to choose between higher and lower reliabilities. This is particularly relevant to the data-intensive applications which might potentially provide the \"killer apps\" for anticipated future many-core architectures. We simulated the effect of unreliable memory on the behaviour of a slightly re-programmed variant of a typical Genetic Algorithm (GA) on a range of optimisation problems. With only minor change to the code, most variables held in unreliable memory, and error rates up to 10^-3, the memory unreliability had no real effect on the GA behaviour. For higher error rates, the effects became noticeable, and the behaviour of the GA was unacceptable once the error rate reached 10^-2.","PeriodicalId":318989,"journal":{"name":"2009 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115463322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：