Abstract The identification of hemp fiber textiles in markets, museums and private collections offers many challenges. This article presents a protocol for identifying hemp textiles by simple observational techniques and discusses some of the confusions that can arise during textile fiber identification. Determining factors include written and oral information, gross characteristics (best assayed by touching and feeling the textile) and fine characteristics (best observed by viewing the yarns and individual fibers under magnification). Suggestions are offered to assist collectors and researchers in their fieldwork. The limits of qualitative observations, as well as present-day and future analytical methods of fiber identification, are also discussed. The majority of the information presented here draws on the author's fieldwork with traditional hemp clothing from Eastern Europe and the Far East. All photos are of Asian hemp fabrics.
{"title":"Searching for Hempen Treasures","authors":"R. Clarke","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The identification of hemp fiber textiles in markets, museums and private collections offers many challenges. This article presents a protocol for identifying hemp textiles by simple observational techniques and discusses some of the confusions that can arise during textile fiber identification. Determining factors include written and oral information, gross characteristics (best assayed by touching and feeling the textile) and fine characteristics (best observed by viewing the yarns and individual fibers under magnification). Suggestions are offered to assist collectors and researchers in their fieldwork. The limits of qualitative observations, as well as present-day and future analytical methods of fiber identification, are also discussed. The majority of the information presented here draws on the author's fieldwork with traditional hemp clothing from Eastern Europe and the Far East. All photos are of Asian hemp fabrics.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125528643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Riddlestone, E. Stott, K. Blackburn, J. Brighton
Abstract In 2003-4 BioRegional Development Group carried out a technical and economic feasibility study of a method of green decortication of hemp and degumming for the production of textile fibre. The study was published in December 2004. Two field trials of the green decortication technology took place in the UK and Australia, Cranfield University evaluated the process in both instances. Some of the fibre produced was subsequently processed in preparation for spinning. This paper contains the findings of these trials.
2003- 2004年，bioreregional Development Group进行了一项用于纺织纤维生产的大麻绿色脱胶和脱胶方法的技术和经济可行性研究。这项研究发表于2004年12月。在英国和澳大利亚进行了两次绿色去皮技术的现场试验，克兰菲尔德大学对这两种情况下的过程进行了评估。生产出来的一些纤维随后被加工，为纺纱做准备。本文包含了这些试验的结果。
{"title":"A Technical and Economic Feasibility Study of Green Decortication of Hemp Fibre for Textile Uses","authors":"S. Riddlestone, E. Stott, K. Blackburn, J. Brighton","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2003-4 BioRegional Development Group carried out a technical and economic feasibility study of a method of green decortication of hemp and degumming for the production of textile fibre. The study was published in December 2004. Two field trials of the green decortication technology took place in the UK and Australia, Cranfield University evaluated the process in both instances. Some of the fibre produced was subsequently processed in preparation for spinning. This paper contains the findings of these trials.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124605200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract On 23 November 2005, the “European Industrial Hemp Association” was officially founded. For the next year, the EIHA has planned the setup of a system that shall supply studies and background information on hemp via the Internet as well as an overview study of the ecobalances for hemp products that have been conducted so far. On 28 and 29 November 2005, the third International EIHA Conference brought together 70 experts from 15 countries. The spectrum of participants ranged from cultivation, consulting, primary and further processing, trade, mechanical engineering and investors to numerous small — and medium-sized enterprises and to globally operating automotive enterprises and suppliers. They all had in common the fact that they were interested in the utilisation of hemp fibres and shives.
{"title":"Official Founding of the “European Industrial Hemp Association (EIHA)” and Third International Hemp Conference","authors":"M. Karus","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On 23 November 2005, the “European Industrial Hemp Association” was officially founded. For the next year, the EIHA has planned the setup of a system that shall supply studies and background information on hemp via the Internet as well as an overview study of the ecobalances for hemp products that have been conducted so far. On 28 and 29 November 2005, the third International EIHA Conference brought together 70 experts from 15 countries. The spectrum of participants ranged from cultivation, consulting, primary and further processing, trade, mechanical engineering and investors to numerous small — and medium-sized enterprises and to globally operating automotive enterprises and suppliers. They all had in common the fact that they were interested in the utilisation of hemp fibres and shives.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132618179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This note continues the “Cannabis Clinic” series, presenting diseases and pests of hemp, featuring colour illustrations of signs and symptoms. The fungus Jahniella bohemica damages hemp stalks in Europe. For 125 years this fungus has been confused with Leptosphaeria acuta, a fungus that infests nettle stalks. The morphology of J. bohemica is described in detail, compared to other Jahniella species, and also compared to L. acuta. The nomenclature of L. acuta is revised.
{"title":"Jahniella bohemica","authors":"J. McPartland, K. Hillig","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This note continues the “Cannabis Clinic” series, presenting diseases and pests of hemp, featuring colour illustrations of signs and symptoms. The fungus Jahniella bohemica damages hemp stalks in Europe. For 125 years this fungus has been confused with Leptosphaeria acuta, a fungus that infests nettle stalks. The morphology of J. bohemica is described in detail, compared to other Jahniella species, and also compared to L. acuta. The nomenclature of L. acuta is revised.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129443367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the morphology and anatomy of Cannabis sativa “Fédrina” (industrial fibre hemp) was investigated in both a greenhouse and field setting in Northern British Columbia. Plots (90 stems/m2) treated with 0, 75, 150 or 300 kg N/ha of inorganic nitrogen, or fish meal, blood meal or sea star organic fertilizers were also replicated with 90 kg inorganic P2O5/ha application. The application of 150 and/or 300 kg N/ha of any nitrogen fertilizer type benefited field-grown plant morphology, secondary phloem fibre and xylem development, while greenhouse-grown plant morpology, secondary phloem fibre and xylem were positively influenced by 90 kg P2O5/ha. Primary phloem fibre characteristics of both greenhouse and field-grown plants were benefited by the absence of either nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer. This study determined that the response of C. sativa “Fédrina” fibre production to organic nitrogen application was comparable to that of inorganic nitrogen application.
摘要在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的温室和田间环境中，研究了有机和无机氮肥对工业纤维大麻(Cannabis sativa " f drina ")形态和解剖结构的影响。试验田(90茎/m2)分别施用0、75、150或300 kg N/ha无机氮或鱼粉、血粉或海星有机肥，每公顷施用90 kg无机P2O5。施用150和/或300 kg N/ha的任何氮肥类型均有利于大田植株形态、次生韧皮部纤维和木质部的发育，而施用90 kg P2O5/ha对温室植株形态、次生韧皮部纤维和木质部有积极影响。不施氮肥和不施磷肥对温室和大田栽培植物的初生韧皮部纤维特性都有利。本研究确定，施用有机氮和无机氮对苜蓿“fsamedrina”纤维产量的响应相当。
{"title":"The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Morphology and Anatomy of Cannabis sativa “Fédrina” (Industrial Fibre Hemp) Grown in Northern British Columbia, Canada","authors":"C. Forrest, J. Young","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the morphology and anatomy of Cannabis sativa “Fédrina” (industrial fibre hemp) was investigated in both a greenhouse and field setting in Northern British Columbia. Plots (90 stems/m2) treated with 0, 75, 150 or 300 kg N/ha of inorganic nitrogen, or fish meal, blood meal or sea star organic fertilizers were also replicated with 90 kg inorganic P2O5/ha application. The application of 150 and/or 300 kg N/ha of any nitrogen fertilizer type benefited field-grown plant morphology, secondary phloem fibre and xylem development, while greenhouse-grown plant morpology, secondary phloem fibre and xylem were positively influenced by 90 kg P2O5/ha. Primary phloem fibre characteristics of both greenhouse and field-grown plants were benefited by the absence of either nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer. This study determined that the response of C. sativa “Fédrina” fibre production to organic nitrogen application was comparable to that of inorganic nitrogen application.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124108665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hemp has been traced back to 343 BC in the UK, with record of its use in Roman times as well, and on into the Middle Ages. Cultivation was widespread, with record of hemp in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. In each of these countries there is record of it being grown in many locations, with place names reflecting this fact to this very day. The availability of hemp made it possible for the English to greatly increase their naval powers, but ultimately hemp had to be imported to maintain their military and economic primacy. By the nineteenth century, most of the hemp used by the United Kingdom was imported from Russia, with Italy as a supplier of the highest quality grades. The dependence of the nation on such a product was of concern to many legislators, who argued for an increase in domestic cultivation for reasons of national security. Ultimately, metal ships and steam power reduced the need for hemp in the British Navy, and production virtually ceased. In the 1980s the ecological movement took an interest in hemp, and hemp was re-introduced. It is now legal to grow hemp with a licence from the Home Office. Acreage has been increasing since the mid-1990s, when a few thousand acres were being grown. Most of the hemp grown in the UK is for seed and oil production. The industry is growing dramatically in the UK, where locally grown hemp provides most of the hemp based food products sold. Other applications of hemp, such as clothing, are also available to the public, but are imported, as in the case of Braintree Hemp Clothing (UK), which used Chinese hemp. This shop and other high profile shops have caught the public imagination in the UK, with a little help from such well-known figures as Anita Roddick and Woody Harrelson. Outlets from Tony's Hemp Corner in London to The Hemp Shop in Brighton are now doing well with a range of products including paper, body products, clothing and food.
{"title":"Hemp in the British Isles","authors":"Kenyon Gibson","doi":"10.1300/J237V11N02_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237V11N02_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemp has been traced back to 343 BC in the UK, with record of its use in Roman times as well, and on into the Middle Ages. Cultivation was widespread, with record of hemp in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. In each of these countries there is record of it being grown in many locations, with place names reflecting this fact to this very day. The availability of hemp made it possible for the English to greatly increase their naval powers, but ultimately hemp had to be imported to maintain their military and economic primacy. By the nineteenth century, most of the hemp used by the United Kingdom was imported from Russia, with Italy as a supplier of the highest quality grades. The dependence of the nation on such a product was of concern to many legislators, who argued for an increase in domestic cultivation for reasons of national security. Ultimately, metal ships and steam power reduced the need for hemp in the British Navy, and production virtually ceased. In the 1980s the ecological movement took an interest in hemp, and hemp was re-introduced. It is now legal to grow hemp with a licence from the Home Office. Acreage has been increasing since the mid-1990s, when a few thousand acres were being grown. Most of the hemp grown in the UK is for seed and oil production. The industry is growing dramatically in the UK, where locally grown hemp provides most of the hemp based food products sold. Other applications of hemp, such as clothing, are also available to the public, but are imported, as in the case of Braintree Hemp Clothing (UK), which used Chinese hemp. This shop and other high profile shops have caught the public imagination in the UK, with a little help from such well-known figures as Anita Roddick and Woody Harrelson. Outlets from Tony's Hemp Corner in London to The Hemp Shop in Brighton are now doing well with a range of products including paper, body products, clothing and food.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117184980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This issue starts with a peer-reviewed paper by Forrest and Young on the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertiliser on hemp morphology and anatomy. The authors present in particular detailed information on phloem fibre and xylem development. The article by Riddlestone, Stott, Blackburn and Brighton presents a technical and economic feasibility study of green decortication of hemp fibre for textile. The paper gives a detailed account of the technical difficulties encountered in hemp fibre extraction and processing for textile purposes. Kenyon Gibson gives a lively account of past and present use of hemp in the British Isles. This paper corresponds to Chapter 4 of Gibson’s recent book “Hemp for Victory: History and Qualities of the World’s Most Useful Plant.” Michael Karus relates the official founding of the European Industrial Hemp Association and its Third International Hemp Conference. Both events took place in Germany in November 2005.
{"title":"Welcome to the Journal of Industrial Hemp","authors":"R. Clarke, D. Watson, H. V. D. van der Werf","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_01","url":null,"abstract":"This issue starts with a peer-reviewed paper by Forrest and Young on the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertiliser on hemp morphology and anatomy. The authors present in particular detailed information on phloem fibre and xylem development. The article by Riddlestone, Stott, Blackburn and Brighton presents a technical and economic feasibility study of green decortication of hemp fibre for textile. The paper gives a detailed account of the technical difficulties encountered in hemp fibre extraction and processing for textile purposes. Kenyon Gibson gives a lively account of past and present use of hemp in the British Isles. This paper corresponds to Chapter 4 of Gibson’s recent book “Hemp for Victory: History and Qualities of the World’s Most Useful Plant.” Michael Karus relates the official founding of the European Industrial Hemp Association and its Third International Hemp Conference. Both events took place in Germany in November 2005.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122746991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hemp seed oil has been used for millennia. It comprises about 30 percent of the weight of the hemp seed, which has been used as a food as well. Recent research has proven that the seed contains essential fatty acids and has been widely accepted in the medical community. Sales of seeds, seed products and oil have boomed in the last ten years, and countries where hemp farming is legal have found a new industry, which is constantly increasing. Not only is the oil edible, but it can be used in paints, lubricants and fuel. Oil for human consumption is the main use at present, and most likely will continue to be in the foreseeable future.
{"title":"The Flow of Oil","authors":"Kenyon Gibson","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n02_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemp seed oil has been used for millennia. It comprises about 30 percent of the weight of the hemp seed, which has been used as a food as well. Recent research has proven that the seed contains essential fatty acids and has been widely accepted in the medical community. Sales of seeds, seed products and oil have boomed in the last ten years, and countries where hemp farming is legal have found a new industry, which is constantly increasing. Not only is the oil edible, but it can be used in paints, lubricants and fuel. Oil for human consumption is the main use at present, and most likely will continue to be in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"11 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The hemp industry is emerging. In the last few years, it has been increasing greatly, especially in the realm of textiles. This is a worldwide move, with such shops as Minawear in the US, Braintree in Australia and Hempower in Italy. However, the actual growing and processing of hemp is still carried on mainly in China and Eastern Europe. Changes in the law and innovations in machinery are needed to bring hemp cultivation and processing to the rest of the world.
{"title":"From Invisible to Multi-Coloured","authors":"Kenyon Gibson","doi":"10.1300/J237V11N01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237V11N01_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hemp industry is emerging. In the last few years, it has been increasing greatly, especially in the realm of textiles. This is a worldwide move, with such shops as Minawear in the US, Braintree in Australia and Hempower in Italy. However, the actual growing and processing of hemp is still carried on mainly in China and Eastern Europe. Changes in the law and innovations in machinery are needed to bring hemp cultivation and processing to the rest of the world.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134159112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As usual, the papers in this issue cover a wide variety of subjects. The section for peer-reviewed papers opens with a paper by Lloveras, Santiveri and Gorchs on hemp and flax biomass and fibre production in irrigated conditions in Spain. The results suggest that in the irrigated conditions of the Ebro valley hemp is a more appropriate crop than flax for the paper pulp industry, although in order to obtain higher yields earlier sowing and longer cycle varieties should be studied. The article by Svennerstedt and Svenson presents the results of hemp trials in southern Sweden. The trials, conducted under the long day conditions of summer in Sweden, compared several varieties and seed rates during three years. The section for non-peer-reviewed papers starts with this issue’s Collections Corner. Don Wirtshafter presents a Hemp for Victory era salesman’s kit, which beautifully documents the state of the North American hemp industry before Congress shut it down after World War II. The collection offers a wide range of research possibilities.
{"title":"Welcome to the Journal of Industrial Hemp","authors":"R. Clarke, D. Watson, H. V. D. van der Werf","doi":"10.1300/J237v11n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v11n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"As usual, the papers in this issue cover a wide variety of subjects. The section for peer-reviewed papers opens with a paper by Lloveras, Santiveri and Gorchs on hemp and flax biomass and fibre production in irrigated conditions in Spain. The results suggest that in the irrigated conditions of the Ebro valley hemp is a more appropriate crop than flax for the paper pulp industry, although in order to obtain higher yields earlier sowing and longer cycle varieties should be studied. The article by Svennerstedt and Svenson presents the results of hemp trials in southern Sweden. The trials, conducted under the long day conditions of summer in Sweden, compared several varieties and seed rates during three years. The section for non-peer-reviewed papers starts with this issue’s Collections Corner. Don Wirtshafter presents a Hemp for Victory era salesman’s kit, which beautifully documents the state of the North American hemp industry before Congress shut it down after World War II. The collection offers a wide range of research possibilities.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"486 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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