Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898709
Thitivara Sengloung, L. Kaveeta, J. Müssig
ABSTRACT Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from a traditional Thai variety was used as a source of fiber in this research. The variety has been grown for a long time by the Hmong, a hill tribe, for the purpose of textiles. Hemp was grown in Chiang Mai, in the North of Thailand. Fiber fineness, fiber strength, fiber length, and lignin content of bast fibers from the top, middle, and bottom part of hemp stems aged 65 and 120 days were measured after chemical separation. The results showed that the finest fiber was from the top of the stem. The fiber fineness determined from the airflow method varied from 14.2 to 27.0 FBAI200, and according to the OFDA method it varied from 14.1 to 19.1 μm. The highest strength fiber was from the middle part of the stem; fiber strength (Stelometer – collective test) varied from 10.9 to 27.4 cN/tex. Fiber length varied from 22.0 to 28.4 mm. At the early stages of male pollination, male plants had a lower lignin content than female plants. The measurement method, age of plant, and part of stem analyzed affected fiber properties. This traditional Thai hemp showed fine fiber and can be improved to a commercial level for the textile industry.
{"title":"Physical Properties of Traditional Thai Hemp Fiber (Cannabis sativa L.)","authors":"Thitivara Sengloung, L. Kaveeta, J. Müssig","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898709","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from a traditional Thai variety was used as a source of fiber in this research. The variety has been grown for a long time by the Hmong, a hill tribe, for the purpose of textiles. Hemp was grown in Chiang Mai, in the North of Thailand. Fiber fineness, fiber strength, fiber length, and lignin content of bast fibers from the top, middle, and bottom part of hemp stems aged 65 and 120 days were measured after chemical separation. The results showed that the finest fiber was from the top of the stem. The fiber fineness determined from the airflow method varied from 14.2 to 27.0 FBAI200, and according to the OFDA method it varied from 14.1 to 19.1 μm. The highest strength fiber was from the middle part of the stem; fiber strength (Stelometer – collective test) varied from 10.9 to 27.4 cN/tex. Fiber length varied from 22.0 to 28.4 mm. At the early stages of male pollination, male plants had a lower lignin content than female plants. The measurement method, age of plant, and part of stem analyzed affected fiber properties. This traditional Thai hemp showed fine fiber and can be improved to a commercial level for the textile industry.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132853453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898782
R. Clarke
{"title":"In Memoriam: Michael John Sutherland","authors":"R. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121675783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898683
R. Clarke, D. Watson, H. V. D. van der Werf
{"title":"Welcome to the Journal of Industrial Hemp","authors":"R. Clarke, D. Watson, H. V. D. van der Werf","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126708921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898741
Kenyon Gibson
ABSTRACT The proliferation of plastic bags is being noticed by the general public, and major supermarkets are turning back to using natural fabric bags. In some areas, plastic bags are even being made illegal. The turn to natural fiber bags, however, often means an increase in the use of cotton, which is a very environmentally unfriendly crop. Its cultivation means the depletion of the waterways in many areas, and also the use of pesticides. A number of parties in the UK developed a very basic, undyed hemp bag, which bore the slogan “Real Eco Bags are made from Hemp.” This bag was then worn in London and New York, and picked up on by the Ecologist and Positive News.
{"title":"The Bag Idea","authors":"Kenyon Gibson","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proliferation of plastic bags is being noticed by the general public, and major supermarkets are turning back to using natural fabric bags. In some areas, plastic bags are even being made illegal. The turn to natural fiber bags, however, often means an increase in the use of cotton, which is a very environmentally unfriendly crop. Its cultivation means the depletion of the waterways in many areas, and also the use of pesticides. A number of parties in the UK developed a very basic, undyed hemp bag, which bore the slogan “Real Eco Bags are made from Hemp.” This bag was then worn in London and New York, and picked up on by the Ecologist and Positive News.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898725
A. Hanks
ABSTRACT This article gives an update of hemp production in Canada. It discusses recent upswings and plunges of production areas, and goes into seed prices and cultivars grown. Hemp food production in Canada is examined in detail; numerous references to websites on this topic are given. Hemp legislation is discussed; the potential for fiber production is detailed, listing major websites for the subject. The author concludes on an “Optimistic Five Year Look Forward.”
{"title":"Canadian Hemp Update 2007","authors":"A. Hanks","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article gives an update of hemp production in Canada. It discusses recent upswings and plunges of production areas, and goes into seed prices and cultivars grown. Hemp food production in Canada is examined in detail; numerous references to websites on this topic are given. Hemp legislation is discussed; the potential for fiber production is detailed, listing major websites for the subject. The author concludes on an “Optimistic Five Year Look Forward.”","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122907912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898691
S. Amaducci, M. Colauzzi, A. Zatta, G. Venturi
ABSTRACT Flowering is a crucial phase in hemp cultivation. It influences both stem and seed yield. A uniform and short flowering duration in hemp is desirable, because it favors uniform crop development. Moreover, flowering is often taken as a reference point for harvesting, and very long durations of flowering might mislead the operator in judging the proper time for mowing. In this article, a large dataset of flowering time and duration for different monoecious and dioecious varieties was studied and the effect of sowing time and genotype on flowering duration is discussed. Minimal flowering duration was observed when the time from emergence to flowering was short. This, was related however, to low yields. Dynamics of flowering was accurately described by a bi-logistic curve that indicates the presence of two underlying logistic processes.
{"title":"Flowering Dynamics in Monoecious and Dioecious Hemp Genotypes","authors":"S. Amaducci, M. Colauzzi, A. Zatta, G. Venturi","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flowering is a crucial phase in hemp cultivation. It influences both stem and seed yield. A uniform and short flowering duration in hemp is desirable, because it favors uniform crop development. Moreover, flowering is often taken as a reference point for harvesting, and very long durations of flowering might mislead the operator in judging the proper time for mowing. In this article, a large dataset of flowering time and duration for different monoecious and dioecious varieties was studied and the effect of sowing time and genotype on flowering duration is discussed. Minimal flowering duration was observed when the time from emergence to flowering was short. This, was related however, to low yields. Dynamics of flowering was accurately described by a bi-logistic curve that indicates the presence of two underlying logistic processes.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128098203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898774
D. Pate
ABSTRACT Linoleic and linolenic acids are essential human nutrients. Hempseed oil contains an optimized 3-to-1 ratio of these two compounds, respectively. However, the additional consumption of flaxseed oil insures that any excess linoleic acid in the diet is offset with extra linolenic acid. An enjoyable way to obtain these supplements is through a daily breakfast smoothie, a recipe for which is provided.
{"title":"Hemp and Flax: The Smoothie","authors":"D. Pate","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Linoleic and linolenic acids are essential human nutrients. Hempseed oil contains an optimized 3-to-1 ratio of these two compounds, respectively. However, the additional consumption of flaxseed oil insures that any excess linoleic acid in the diet is offset with extra linolenic acid. An enjoyable way to obtain these supplements is through a daily breakfast smoothie, a recipe for which is provided.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130052479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-23DOI: 10.1080/15377880801898733
R. Clarke
ABSTRACT The Yunnan Highlands of southwestern China is home to a wide variety of ethnic groups with enduring traditions of making and using Cannabis hemp textiles. At least four generations of Sani women have made satchels of varying styles that echo many of the changes affecting the textile products of traditional cultures worldwide. The satchels illustrated and described here were collected by the author during the 1990s and represent high levels of crafts including spinning, weaving, macramé, appliqué, and embroidery.
{"title":"Four Generations of Sani Hemp Satchels","authors":"R. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/15377880801898733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377880801898733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Yunnan Highlands of southwestern China is home to a wide variety of ethnic groups with enduring traditions of making and using Cannabis hemp textiles. At least four generations of Sani women have made satchels of varying styles that echo many of the changes affecting the textile products of traditional cultures worldwide. The satchels illustrated and described here were collected by the author during the 1990s and represent high levels of crafts including spinning, weaving, macramé, appliqué, and embroidery.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129079988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study presents the production chain of hemp and flax textile yarn from crop production up to the spinning of yarn. It aims to quantify major environmental impacts associated with the production of hemp yarn using Life Cycle Analysis. A reference scenario of traditional Hemp warm Water-retting was compared to: (1) Bio-retting, i.e., hemp green scutching followed by water-retting, (2) BabyHemp, based on stand-retting of pre-mature hemp, (3) Dew-retting of Flax. Overall, neither of the alternative scenarios was unambiguously better than the reference. The impacts of the hemp reference scenario and the flax scenario were similar, except for pesticide use (higher for flax) and direct water use (higher for hemp). Bio-retting had higher impacts than the reference scenario for climate change and energy use, due to higher energy input in fibre processing. BabyHemp had higher impacts than the reference scenario for eutrophication, land occupation and pesticide use. A reduction of the environmental impacts of hemp yarn should give priority to reduction of energy use in the fibre processing and yarn production stages and reduction of eutrophication in the crop production phase.
{"title":"The Production Chain of Hemp and Flax Textile Yarn and Its Environmental Impacts","authors":"L. Turunen, H. V. D. van der Werf","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n02_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n02_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents the production chain of hemp and flax textile yarn from crop production up to the spinning of yarn. It aims to quantify major environmental impacts associated with the production of hemp yarn using Life Cycle Analysis. A reference scenario of traditional Hemp warm Water-retting was compared to: (1) Bio-retting, i.e., hemp green scutching followed by water-retting, (2) BabyHemp, based on stand-retting of pre-mature hemp, (3) Dew-retting of Flax. Overall, neither of the alternative scenarios was unambiguously better than the reference. The impacts of the hemp reference scenario and the flax scenario were similar, except for pesticide use (higher for flax) and direct water use (higher for hemp). Bio-retting had higher impacts than the reference scenario for climate change and energy use, due to higher energy input in fibre processing. BabyHemp had higher impacts than the reference scenario for eutrophication, land occupation and pesticide use. A reduction of the environmental impacts of hemp yarn should give priority to reduction of energy use in the fibre processing and yarn production stages and reduction of eutrophication in the crop production phase.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127984101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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