This issue starts with an interesting and beautifully illustrated paper by Small and Antle on cotyledon asymmetry in Cannabis. The authors present detailed information on the weight difference between the outer and inner cotyledon of seedlings, as well as other typical features, which may help to identify very young hemp seedlings. The next paper in this issue by Small, Marcus, Butler, and McElroy describes an apparent increase in biomass and seed productivity in hemp caused by branch proliferation following European corn borer (ECB) damage. This study is very interesting, not in the least because it allows to test the extent of ECB damage affected by several plant characteristics. The article by Chen, Sun, Negelescu, Wu, and Henderson compares the physical properties of hemp-based non-woven composites to those of several other plant-fibre based non-wovens. The resistance of nonwovens to termite attack is also tested. In this issue’s Collections Corner Michael Krawitz presents his collection of Cannabis art, consisting of lithographs, posters and hemp textile. The paper is illustrated by a very nice series of photos of hemp artwork.
{"title":"Welcome to the Journal of Industrial Hemp","authors":"R. Clarke, D. Watson, H. V. D. van der Werf","doi":"10.1300/j237v12n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j237v12n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"This issue starts with an interesting and beautifully illustrated paper by Small and Antle on cotyledon asymmetry in Cannabis. The authors present detailed information on the weight difference between the outer and inner cotyledon of seedlings, as well as other typical features, which may help to identify very young hemp seedlings. The next paper in this issue by Small, Marcus, Butler, and McElroy describes an apparent increase in biomass and seed productivity in hemp caused by branch proliferation following European corn borer (ECB) damage. This study is very interesting, not in the least because it allows to test the extent of ECB damage affected by several plant characteristics. The article by Chen, Sun, Negelescu, Wu, and Henderson compares the physical properties of hemp-based non-woven composites to those of several other plant-fibre based non-wovens. The resistance of nonwovens to termite attack is also tested. In this issue’s Collections Corner Michael Krawitz presents his collection of Cannabis art, consisting of lithographs, posters and hemp textile. The paper is illustrated by a very nice series of photos of hemp artwork.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129512828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The author presents part of his collection of Cannabis art. Lithographs from books on botany and medicinal plants dating from over the last 500 years illustrate the beauty of the hemp plant. The war against marihuana was a source of interesting collectible material, such as movie posters. The marijuana counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s also yielded a wealth of great posters and other works of art. However, Cannabis artwork does not need to be old to be valuable. The Hemp Industry Association's fundraising poster series created by Phish artist Jim Pollock have each been instant collectibles. Cannabis art isn't limited to a paper or hemp-canvas medium, either. Beautiful jewelry, belt buckles, plates, clothing, and wood carvings adorned with beautiful renditions of the Cannabis plant can be found.
{"title":"Collectible Cannabis Art","authors":"Michael Krawitz","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author presents part of his collection of Cannabis art. Lithographs from books on botany and medicinal plants dating from over the last 500 years illustrate the beauty of the hemp plant. The war against marihuana was a source of interesting collectible material, such as movie posters. The marijuana counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s also yielded a wealth of great posters and other works of art. However, Cannabis artwork does not need to be old to be valuable. The Hemp Industry Association's fundraising poster series created by Phish artist Jim Pollock have each been instant collectibles. Cannabis art isn't limited to a paper or hemp-canvas medium, either. Beautiful jewelry, belt buckles, plates, clothing, and wood carvings adorned with beautiful renditions of the Cannabis plant can be found.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131738280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Czech Hemp Association (CHA) was founded to re-introduce industrial hemp to Czech fields as well as to processing plants, bringing it to various industries. The CHA aims for every region to establish small hemp industrial centers able to process 7400 to 10000 tons of hemp fiber annually. The basic prerequisite for a successful regional development is a sufficient growing area within a distance of 70 to 100 km from the functional scutching line, together with mechanisms for harvesting. In several Czech regions pilot projects of this type have been started.
{"title":"Czech Hemp and National Industry Program","authors":"V. Sladký, M. Široká","doi":"10.1300/J237V12N01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237V12N01_09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Czech Hemp Association (CHA) was founded to re-introduce industrial hemp to Czech fields as well as to processing plants, bringing it to various industries. The CHA aims for every region to establish small hemp industrial centers able to process 7400 to 10000 tons of hemp fiber annually. The basic prerequisite for a successful regional development is a sufficient growing area within a distance of 70 to 100 km from the functional scutching line, together with mechanisms for harvesting. In several Czech regions pilot projects of this type have been started.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128611882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, I. Negulescu, Qinglin Wu, G. Henderson
Abstract Hemp fiber is a strong natural fiber similar to flax, kenaf, and ramie, possessing very good fiber quality and physical properties of strength, durability, and absorbency. Hemp fiber has been increasingly used for making nonwoven composites that are ideal for the production of biobased auto interior parts. This paper studies the physical properties of a hemp/polypropylene composite and compares these properties with those of a kenaf/polypropylene composite, a ramie/polypropylene composite, and a bagasse/polypropylene composite. The hemp/polypropylene nonwoven was produced by carding and needle-punching techniques and was thermo-bonded to form a hemp composite. Tensile and bending properties were measured using an Instron tensile tester. Dynamic mechanical properties were tested using a DMS instrument. The thermal property was analyzed using a TG instrument. A preliminary study on the ability of the hemp fiber composite to resist termite attack was also conducted. In comparison, the hemp composite featured a better thermal property; the kenaf composite had better mechanical properties; the ramie composite indicated a better acoustical property; and the bagasse composite exhibited better wet properties. Neither hemp nor bagasse fiber composite was capable of resisting termite attack.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Hemp Fiber for Nonwoven Composites","authors":"Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, I. Negulescu, Qinglin Wu, G. Henderson","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemp fiber is a strong natural fiber similar to flax, kenaf, and ramie, possessing very good fiber quality and physical properties of strength, durability, and absorbency. Hemp fiber has been increasingly used for making nonwoven composites that are ideal for the production of biobased auto interior parts. This paper studies the physical properties of a hemp/polypropylene composite and compares these properties with those of a kenaf/polypropylene composite, a ramie/polypropylene composite, and a bagasse/polypropylene composite. The hemp/polypropylene nonwoven was produced by carding and needle-punching techniques and was thermo-bonded to form a hemp composite. Tensile and bending properties were measured using an Instron tensile tester. Dynamic mechanical properties were tested using a DMS instrument. The thermal property was analyzed using a TG instrument. A preliminary study on the ability of the hemp fiber composite to resist termite attack was also conducted. In comparison, the hemp composite featured a better thermal property; the kenaf composite had better mechanical properties; the ramie composite indicated a better acoustical property; and the bagasse composite exhibited better wet properties. Neither hemp nor bagasse fiber composite was capable of resisting termite attack.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This note continues the “Cannabis Clinic” series, presenting diseases and pests of hemp, featuring colour illustrations of signs and symptoms. The fungus Jahniella bohemica damages hemp stalks in Europe. In the previous issue of “Cannabis Clinic” we illustrated Jahniella bohemica and showed how this fungus has been confused with Leptosphaeria acuta, a fungus that infests nettle stalks. Jahniella bohemica has also been confused with Septoria cannabis, a fungus that usually attacks hemp leaves, but sometimes attacks hemp stalks. We now illustrate differences between these species, using novel methods of microchemistry, and emphasize the signs and symptoms of S. cannabis infestation.
{"title":"Jahniella bohemica Part II","authors":"J. McPartland, K. Hillig","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This note continues the “Cannabis Clinic” series, presenting diseases and pests of hemp, featuring colour illustrations of signs and symptoms. The fungus Jahniella bohemica damages hemp stalks in Europe. In the previous issue of “Cannabis Clinic” we illustrated Jahniella bohemica and showed how this fungus has been confused with Leptosphaeria acuta, a fungus that infests nettle stalks. Jahniella bohemica has also been confused with Septoria cannabis, a fungus that usually attacks hemp leaves, but sometimes attacks hemp stalks. We now illustrate differences between these species, using novel methods of microchemistry, and emphasize the signs and symptoms of S. cannabis infestation.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hemp-based skin-care products are quite new to the market. Most are manufactured by small companies; notable exceptions are The Body Shop and Dr. Bronners. The healthy essential fatty acids and tocopherols in hemp are the main reason for using hemp seed oil. Most consumers of hemp products are aware of this fact and are usually looking for a totally natural product, possibly even organically grown and vegan. The trend in the industry is to have organically grown hemp, packaged simply, at times a bit too basic to catch a larger market. Many new producers have sprung up in the last five years, and it would be fair to estimate the annual turnover in hemp skin-care products to be somewhere in the hundred of millions of dollars annually. This is expected to increase, with the style of packaging being a factor in the future growth.
摘要以大麻为原料的护肤品是一种新兴产品。大多数是由小公司生产的;值得注意的例外是The Body Shop和Dr. Bronners。大麻中健康的必需脂肪酸和生育酚是使用大麻籽油的主要原因。大多数大麻产品的消费者都意识到这一事实，并且通常会寻找一种完全天然的产品，甚至可能是有机种植和素食主义者。该行业的趋势是有机种植的大麻，包装简单，有时有点太基本，无法抓住更大的市场。在过去的五年里，许多新的生产商如雨后春笋般涌现，估计大麻护肤品的年营业额每年在数亿美元左右是公平的。这是预计将增加，包装的风格是一个因素，在未来的增长。
{"title":"Skin Deep Beauty","authors":"Kenyon Gibson","doi":"10.1300/J237V12N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237V12N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemp-based skin-care products are quite new to the market. Most are manufactured by small companies; notable exceptions are The Body Shop and Dr. Bronners. The healthy essential fatty acids and tocopherols in hemp are the main reason for using hemp seed oil. Most consumers of hemp products are aware of this fact and are usually looking for a totally natural product, possibly even organically grown and vegan. The trend in the industry is to have organically grown hemp, packaged simply, at times a bit too basic to catch a larger market. Many new producers have sprung up in the last five years, and it would be fair to estimate the annual turnover in hemp skin-care products to be somewhere in the hundred of millions of dollars annually. This is expected to increase, with the style of packaging being a factor in the future growth.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"50 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although it has been known that the two cotyledons of Cannabis sativa L. seedlings tend to differ in size, the development and magnitude of this phenomenon have not previously been described. In the dry seeds, the “outer cotyledon” (remote from the radicle) is about 50% heavier than the “inner cotyledon” (adjacent to the radicle). Two days after germination, the difference in fresh weight has been reduced considerably, but thereafter the outer cotyledon remains slightly more than 20% heavier than the inner. In about one in four seedlings, the tip of the outer (normally the larger) cotyledon is persistently covered by remnants of the seed coat, including a characteristic dark area which enclosed the tips of the cotyledons in the seed. In about one in ten seedlings, the achene shell (pericarp) remains up to several days on the tip of the outer cotyledon. These features serve to confirm the identity of very young seedlings of C. sativa, for which there has not previously been a reliable means of identification. Seeds from several sources did not differ significantly from each other with respect to weight ratio of the cotyledons, nor were there significant differences in cotyledon ratio found when seedlings were grown in darkness, a 16-hour light regime, and in continuous light. Microscopic connections of unknown significance were observed between the adpressed adaxial surfaces of the cotyledons in the seed.
{"title":"A Study of Cotyledon Asymmetry in Cannabis sativa L.","authors":"E. Small, Tanya Antle","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although it has been known that the two cotyledons of Cannabis sativa L. seedlings tend to differ in size, the development and magnitude of this phenomenon have not previously been described. In the dry seeds, the “outer cotyledon” (remote from the radicle) is about 50% heavier than the “inner cotyledon” (adjacent to the radicle). Two days after germination, the difference in fresh weight has been reduced considerably, but thereafter the outer cotyledon remains slightly more than 20% heavier than the inner. In about one in four seedlings, the tip of the outer (normally the larger) cotyledon is persistently covered by remnants of the seed coat, including a characteristic dark area which enclosed the tips of the cotyledons in the seed. In about one in ten seedlings, the achene shell (pericarp) remains up to several days on the tip of the outer cotyledon. These features serve to confirm the identity of very young seedlings of C. sativa, for which there has not previously been a reliable means of identification. Seeds from several sources did not differ significantly from each other with respect to weight ratio of the cotyledons, nor were there significant differences in cotyledon ratio found when seedlings were grown in darkness, a 16-hour light regime, and in continuous light. Microscopic connections of unknown significance were observed between the adpressed adaxial surfaces of the cotyledons in the seed.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"81 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), or ECB, is a major pest of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). During the course of a study of hemp germplasm and cultivar accessions, the ECB attacked the vertical stem leader of hundreds of plants. At the site of invasion the main stem was typically destroyed, and the plant became strongly branched. Although the damaged plants were an average 9% shorter, mean shoot weight was 20% heavier. Seed productivity was also greater, based on a visual scale. The practical significance of such an “overcompensation” response to insect damage, with damaged plants growing more robustly and productively than their undamaged counterparts, is controversial. Certainly, some aspects of productivity, such as fibre quality, are detrimentally affected by the ECB. The insect showed a preference for larger plants, but was indifferent to the level of tetrahydrocannabinol, the chief intoxicant of C. sativa.
欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis h bner)或ECB是大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)的主要害虫。在对大麻种质资源和栽培材料的研究过程中，ECB攻击了数百株植物的垂直茎龙头。在入侵地点，主茎通常被破坏，而植物变得强壮的分枝。虽然受损植株平均短了9%，但平均茎重却增加了20%。根据目测，种子产量也更高。这种对昆虫损害的“过度补偿”反应的实际意义是有争议的，因为受损的植物比未受损的植物生长得更健壮、更多产。当然，生产率的某些方面，比如纤维质量，受到了欧洲央行的不利影响。这种昆虫对较大的植物表现出偏好，但对四氢大麻酚(C. sativa的主要麻醉剂)的水平无动于衷。
{"title":"Apparent Increase in Biomass and Seed Productivity in Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Resulting from Branch Proliferation Caused by the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)","authors":"E. Small, D. Marcus, G. Butler, A. Mcelroy","doi":"10.1300/J237v12n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v12n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), or ECB, is a major pest of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). During the course of a study of hemp germplasm and cultivar accessions, the ECB attacked the vertical stem leader of hundreds of plants. At the site of invasion the main stem was typically destroyed, and the plant became strongly branched. Although the damaged plants were an average 9% shorter, mean shoot weight was 20% heavier. Seed productivity was also greater, based on a visual scale. The practical significance of such an “overcompensation” response to insect damage, with damaged plants growing more robustly and productively than their undamaged counterparts, is controversial. Certainly, some aspects of productivity, such as fibre quality, are detrimentally affected by the ECB. The insect showed a preference for larger plants, but was indifferent to the level of tetrahydrocannabinol, the chief intoxicant of C. sativa.","PeriodicalId":319023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Hemp","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115420878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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