Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441589
H. Keko, Á. J. Duque, Vladimiro Miranda
Evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) is a robust optimization algorithm belonging to evolutionary methods. EPSO borrows the movement rules from particle swarm optimization (PSO) and uses it as a recombination operator that evolves under selection. This paper presents a reactive power planning approach taking advantage of EPSO robustness, in a model that considers simultaneously multiple contingencies and multiple load levels. Results for selected problems are summarized including a trade-off analysis of results.
{"title":"A Multiple Scenario Security Constrained Reactive Power Planning Tool Using EPSO","authors":"H. Keko, Á. J. Duque, Vladimiro Miranda","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441589","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) is a robust optimization algorithm belonging to evolutionary methods. EPSO borrows the movement rules from particle swarm optimization (PSO) and uses it as a recombination operator that evolves under selection. This paper presents a reactive power planning approach taking advantage of EPSO robustness, in a model that considers simultaneously multiple contingencies and multiple load levels. Results for selected problems are summarized including a trade-off analysis of results.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115667993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441638
G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz, G. Sheblé
A financial transmission right (FTR) give the holder the right to collect the congestion rent between two nodes, i.e. the difference in price between the two nodes multiplied by the number of contracts held. These contracts are intended to provide a hedging mechanism for market participants, thus reducing risk and inspiring more confidence in today's deregulated wholesale electricity markets. This paper presents a scenario to demonstrate how FTRs can confer market power on an otherwise powerless market player and then shows how adaptive agents can learn to block FTR's market power in a simulated power market.
{"title":"Blocking Strategies against Financial Transmission Right's Market Power","authors":"G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz, G. Sheblé","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441638","url":null,"abstract":"A financial transmission right (FTR) give the holder the right to collect the congestion rent between two nodes, i.e. the difference in price between the two nodes multiplied by the number of contracts held. These contracts are intended to provide a hedging mechanism for market participants, thus reducing risk and inspiring more confidence in today's deregulated wholesale electricity markets. This paper presents a scenario to demonstrate how FTRs can confer market power on an otherwise powerless market player and then shows how adaptive agents can learn to block FTR's market power in a simulated power market.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124567839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441612
Shih-En Chien, I. Cheng, Yi-Ting Chou, Chin-Wen Liu
Taiwan Power Company (TPC) has implemented an event-based special protection system (SPS) against extreme contingencies. The decision making mechanism of the event-based SPS is based on look-up tables. A huge number of contingency analyses are required for constructing and updating the look-up tables. In this paper, automation techniques are developed to increase the analysis efficiency for speeding up preparing a look-up table. Contingency selection algorithms including both the depth-first algorithm and breadth-first algorithm are used to search for contingency cases automatically. A preprocess interface is designed to provide a friendly user-machine interface between the power system raw data and simulation software. And a computer program is developed to integrate the search algorithm and preprocess interface for fulfilling the automation of contingency analysis for SPS. The techniques realized with programs demonstrate a great time-saving advantage compared to traditional man-made work. The automation of contingency analysis for SPS does not only speed up the simulation process but also improve the efficiency, which is well demonstrated in the paper.
{"title":"Automation of Contingency Analysis for Special Protection Systems in Taiwan Power System","authors":"Shih-En Chien, I. Cheng, Yi-Ting Chou, Chin-Wen Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441612","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan Power Company (TPC) has implemented an event-based special protection system (SPS) against extreme contingencies. The decision making mechanism of the event-based SPS is based on look-up tables. A huge number of contingency analyses are required for constructing and updating the look-up tables. In this paper, automation techniques are developed to increase the analysis efficiency for speeding up preparing a look-up table. Contingency selection algorithms including both the depth-first algorithm and breadth-first algorithm are used to search for contingency cases automatically. A preprocess interface is designed to provide a friendly user-machine interface between the power system raw data and simulation software. And a computer program is developed to integrate the search algorithm and preprocess interface for fulfilling the automation of contingency analysis for SPS. The techniques realized with programs demonstrate a great time-saving advantage compared to traditional man-made work. The automation of contingency analysis for SPS does not only speed up the simulation process but also improve the efficiency, which is well demonstrated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115059545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441634
C. Warmer, M. Hommelberg, B. Roossien, J. Kok, J. Turkstra
In the Netherlands decentralised generation of heat and power by mu-CHP units in households is expected to penetrate the market at high speed in the coming years. Using ICT these mu-CHP units can be integrated into a smart power system or virtual power plant. Other local production and consumption of electricity such as PV, wind, heat pumps and electrical vehicles can be added to this cluster. The main goal of a smart power system is to optimize the value of decentralised power production and consumption in view of the total energy value chain. The PowerMatcher is a multi-agent based control concept (and software package) for coordination of demand and supply in electricity networks with a high share of distributed generation. The concept is demonstrated in several real life field tests. One of these field tests is a virtual power plant consisting of 10 mu-CHP units reducing the local peak demand of the common low-voltage grid segment the mu-CHP units are connected to. In this way the VPP supports the local distribution network operator (DNO) to defer reinforcements in the grid infrastructure (transformers and cables). To realize this VPP, an ICT-communication network containing a hardware and software infrastructure has been added to a test rollout of mu-CHP installations in The Netherlands. Main conclusion from the field test is that a peak reduction of 30 -50% can be achieved, depending on summer or winter season.
{"title":"A field test using agents for coordination of residential micro-chp","authors":"C. Warmer, M. Hommelberg, B. Roossien, J. Kok, J. Turkstra","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441634","url":null,"abstract":"In the Netherlands decentralised generation of heat and power by mu-CHP units in households is expected to penetrate the market at high speed in the coming years. Using ICT these mu-CHP units can be integrated into a smart power system or virtual power plant. Other local production and consumption of electricity such as PV, wind, heat pumps and electrical vehicles can be added to this cluster. The main goal of a smart power system is to optimize the value of decentralised power production and consumption in view of the total energy value chain. The PowerMatcher is a multi-agent based control concept (and software package) for coordination of demand and supply in electricity networks with a high share of distributed generation. The concept is demonstrated in several real life field tests. One of these field tests is a virtual power plant consisting of 10 mu-CHP units reducing the local peak demand of the common low-voltage grid segment the mu-CHP units are connected to. In this way the VPP supports the local distribution network operator (DNO) to defer reinforcements in the grid infrastructure (transformers and cables). To realize this VPP, an ICT-communication network containing a hardware and software infrastructure has been added to a test rollout of mu-CHP installations in The Netherlands. Main conclusion from the field test is that a peak reduction of 30 -50% can be achieved, depending on summer or winter season.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441647
V. Chandrakar, A. Kothari
The main aim of the paper is to analyze the performance of multilayer feed forward network ( MFFN) based SSSC on power handling capacity of the line, improvement in transient stability and damping of oscillations of the single machine infinite bus system (SMIB). This paper presents the comparative performance studies of two different controllers namely: [i] conventional PI controller, and [ii] multilayer feed forward network (MFFN) . Controllers are designed to coordinate two control inputs: in-phase voltage and the qudrature voltage of SSSC. The coordinated action of proposed SSSC controllers with power oscillations damping (POD) control & power system stabilizer (PSS) are tested for dynamic performance of the system under various system conditions. The simulation results shows that the proposed controllers increases the power handling capacity of the line, significant improvement in transient stability of the system, and damping of oscillations. The results indicates that the coordinated POD & PSS action further improves the dynamic performance of the system. The proposed SSSC controllers are tested in multi-machine system. The MFFN based SSSC controller provides superior dynamic performance than PI controller.
{"title":"MFFN based Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) for Transient Stability improvement","authors":"V. Chandrakar, A. Kothari","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441647","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the paper is to analyze the performance of multilayer feed forward network ( MFFN) based SSSC on power handling capacity of the line, improvement in transient stability and damping of oscillations of the single machine infinite bus system (SMIB). This paper presents the comparative performance studies of two different controllers namely: [i] conventional PI controller, and [ii] multilayer feed forward network (MFFN) . Controllers are designed to coordinate two control inputs: in-phase voltage and the qudrature voltage of SSSC. The coordinated action of proposed SSSC controllers with power oscillations damping (POD) control & power system stabilizer (PSS) are tested for dynamic performance of the system under various system conditions. The simulation results shows that the proposed controllers increases the power handling capacity of the line, significant improvement in transient stability of the system, and damping of oscillations. The results indicates that the coordinated POD & PSS action further improves the dynamic performance of the system. The proposed SSSC controllers are tested in multi-machine system. The MFFN based SSSC controller provides superior dynamic performance than PI controller.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114236161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441598
N. Nimpitiwan, C. Chaiyabut
This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based centralized voltage and reactive power control strategy. The proposed strategy aims to prevent voltage fluctuations and/or unconvergence cases by coordinating the operation of voltage/ reactive power control equipments, such as on load tap changer (OLTC) of transformers, automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of distributed generations, and shunt capacitors (SCs). The problem is formulated as a combinatorial nonlinear optimization problem. That is, the setting of OLTC transformers and SCs are discrete control variables; the setting of AVR is a continuous variable. To validate the feasibility of the proposed technique, simulations of various operating conditions are conducted and compared with the decentralized voltage control strategy.
{"title":"Centralized Control of System Voltage/Reactive Power Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"N. Nimpitiwan, C. Chaiyabut","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441598","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based centralized voltage and reactive power control strategy. The proposed strategy aims to prevent voltage fluctuations and/or unconvergence cases by coordinating the operation of voltage/ reactive power control equipments, such as on load tap changer (OLTC) of transformers, automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of distributed generations, and shunt capacitors (SCs). The problem is formulated as a combinatorial nonlinear optimization problem. That is, the setting of OLTC transformers and SCs are discrete control variables; the setting of AVR is a continuous variable. To validate the feasibility of the proposed technique, simulations of various operating conditions are conducted and compared with the decentralized voltage control strategy.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126156225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441619
Ya-Wen Tang, C. Tai, Ching-Chau Su
Over the course of the past 20 years, the number of signal processing methods used to analyze the partial discharge (PD) of electrical equipments has greatly increased. In this paper, we analyze and compare the PD signals from acoustic emission (AE) and high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) measurements with Hilbert-Huang Transforms: (HHT). The HHT demonstrates several excellent advantages in the PD signal analysis application.
{"title":"Data Analysis Using Hilbert-Huang Transform for Partial Discharge in Low Voltage Motors","authors":"Ya-Wen Tang, C. Tai, Ching-Chau Su","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441619","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of the past 20 years, the number of signal processing methods used to analyze the partial discharge (PD) of electrical equipments has greatly increased. In this paper, we analyze and compare the PD signals from acoustic emission (AE) and high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) measurements with Hilbert-Huang Transforms: (HHT). The HHT demonstrates several excellent advantages in the PD signal analysis application.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441645
Lingfeng Wang, C. Singh
The adequacy of power generation should be properly evaluated to facilitate the reliable operations of power systems under uncertainties. More recently, wind power has attracted significant attention primarily because it does not consume fossil fuels and is environmentally benign. However, the output from wind turbine generator (WTG) can not be precisely predicted due to the intermittent nature of wind resources. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) based search procedure is adopted to accomplish the adequacy assessment for power generating system including wind turbine generators. The most probable failure states are sought out, which contribute significantly to the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load frequency (LOLF), and expected energy not supplied (EENS). A modified IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) is used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Genetic Algorithm Based Adequacy Evaluation of Hybrid Power Generation System Including Wind Turbine Generators","authors":"Lingfeng Wang, C. Singh","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441645","url":null,"abstract":"The adequacy of power generation should be properly evaluated to facilitate the reliable operations of power systems under uncertainties. More recently, wind power has attracted significant attention primarily because it does not consume fossil fuels and is environmentally benign. However, the output from wind turbine generator (WTG) can not be precisely predicted due to the intermittent nature of wind resources. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) based search procedure is adopted to accomplish the adequacy assessment for power generating system including wind turbine generators. The most probable failure states are sought out, which contribute significantly to the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load frequency (LOLF), and expected energy not supplied (EENS). A modified IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) is used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127162075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441668
Chien-Hung Huang, Chien-Hsing Lee, Kuang-Rong Shih, Yaw-Juen Wang
This paper presents an extended complex Kalman filter artificial neural network for bad-data detection in a power system. The proposed method not only can improve one-by-one detection using the traditional approach as well as enhance its performances. It uses complex-type state variables as the link weighting to largely reduce nodes number and converging speed. In other words, it not only can largely reduce the number of neurons, but also can search out the suitable and available trained variables which do not heuristically need to adjust the link weighting in the learning stage by itself. A 6-bus and IEEE standard of 30-bus power systems are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show the convergent behavior of bad-data detection using the proposed method is better than the conventional method.
{"title":"Extended Complex Kalman Filter Artificial Neural Network for Bad-Data Detection in Power System State Estimation","authors":"Chien-Hung Huang, Chien-Hsing Lee, Kuang-Rong Shih, Yaw-Juen Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441668","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an extended complex Kalman filter artificial neural network for bad-data detection in a power system. The proposed method not only can improve one-by-one detection using the traditional approach as well as enhance its performances. It uses complex-type state variables as the link weighting to largely reduce nodes number and converging speed. In other words, it not only can largely reduce the number of neurons, but also can search out the suitable and available trained variables which do not heuristically need to adjust the link weighting in the learning stage by itself. A 6-bus and IEEE standard of 30-bus power systems are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show the convergent behavior of bad-data detection using the proposed method is better than the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134559874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441646
Chih-Ming Hong, Whei-Min Lin, F. Cheng
An induction generator (IG) speed drive with the application of a sliding mode controller and a proposed fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is introduced in this paper. Grid connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) present interesting control demands, due to the intrinsic nonlinear characteristic of wind mills and electric generators. The FNN torque compensation is feedforward to increase the robustness of the wind driven induction generator system. A multivariable controller is designed to drive the turbine speed to extract maximum power from the wind and adjust to the power regulation. Moreover, a sliding mode speed controller is designed based on an integral-proportional (IP) sliding surface. When sliding mode occurs on the sliding surface, the control system acts as a robust state feedback system.
{"title":"Application of Fuzzy Neural Network Sliding Mode Controller for Wind Driven Induction Generator System","authors":"Chih-Ming Hong, Whei-Min Lin, F. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441646","url":null,"abstract":"An induction generator (IG) speed drive with the application of a sliding mode controller and a proposed fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is introduced in this paper. Grid connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) present interesting control demands, due to the intrinsic nonlinear characteristic of wind mills and electric generators. The FNN torque compensation is feedforward to increase the robustness of the wind driven induction generator system. A multivariable controller is designed to drive the turbine speed to extract maximum power from the wind and adjust to the power regulation. Moreover, a sliding mode speed controller is designed based on an integral-proportional (IP) sliding surface. When sliding mode occurs on the sliding surface, the control system acts as a robust state feedback system.","PeriodicalId":320068,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133725105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：